Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| double mutagenesis of a positive charge cluster in the ligand-binding site of the ferric enterobactin receptor, fepa. | siderophores and colicins enter bacterial cells through tonb-dependent outer membrane proteins. using site-directed substitution mutagenesis, we studied ligand recognition by a prototypic escherichia coli siderophore receptor, fepa, that binds the iron chelate ferric enterobactin and colicins b and d. these genetic experiments identified a common binding site for two of the three ligands, containing multiple positive charges, within cell surface residues of fepa. elimination of single residues i ... | 1997 | 9114029 |
| gamma delta t cells are decreased in the blood of children with bordetella pertussis infection. | the biological role of t cell receptor (tcr) gamma delta bearing cells is not yet fully understood. we studied 12 children with bordetella pertussis infection and 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. patients with whooping-cough yielded significantly lower relative and absolute numbers of blood tcr-gamma delta + cells than normal controls (both p < 0.001). it is suggested that the depletion of circulating gamma delta t cells in patients with bordetella pertussis infection might be the resul ... | 1997 | 9116414 |
| a t helper cell 2 (th2) immune response against non-self antigens modifies the cytokine profile of autoimmune t cells and protects against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns), and the most commonly used experimental model for multiple sclerosis. it is mediated by autoreactive t cell clones exhibiting a t helper cell (th) 1 cytokine profile. nonencephalitogenic t lymphocytes specific for self or exogenous antigens have been found to suppress encephalitogenic t cell responses and to protect against autoimmune disease. the mechanisms by which exogenous antigens mod ... | 1997 | 9120396 |
| rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of bordetella pertussis using the polymerase chain reaction. | use of a repetitive dna sequence of bordetella pertussis allowed successful detection of the organism by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the method was highly sensitive, being able to detect b. pertussis in specimens containing only a few cells. it was also highly specific, with no amplification of specimens containing other organisms, for example haemophilus influenzae or neisseria, being observed. a diagnosis could be made within 1 day. the pcr assay was also evaluated in clinical specime ... | 1997 | 9124052 |
| bordetella pertussis respiratory infection in children is associated with preferential activation of type 1 t helper cells. | the mechanism of protective immunity against bordetella pertussis generated following recovery from whooping cough in childhood has not yet been elucidated. studies with a murine respiratory infection model have indicated that cellular immunity, mediated by th1 cells, plays a role in the clearance of a primary infection with b. pertussis and in protection against subsequent challenge. in the present study, the induction of b. pertussis-specific th cell subsets in children was examined. periphera ... | 1997 | 9129097 |
| antigenic polymorphism of the lipopolysaccharides from human and animal isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica. | six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against lipopolysaccharides (lps) from bordetella pertussis (p1p3, 60.5), b. parapertussis (pp2, pp6, ppb) and b. bronchiseptica (brg1) were used to examine the presence of antigenic determinants of lps on b. bronchiseptica cells. forty-eight clinical isolates of this gram-negative bacterium (4 canine, 3 equine, 6 porcine, 4 rabbit and 31 human) were examined. significant cross-reactivities with the heterologous anti-pertussis and anti-parapertussis mabs were obs ... | 1997 | 9141706 |
| anti-il-4 monoclonal antibody prevents antibiotics-induced active fatal anaphylaxis. | we previously reported that anti-il-4 mab (11b11) failed to prevent protein-induced fatal murine anaphylaxis. to investigate the effect of anti-il-4 on hapten-induced anaphylaxis, a model of murine anaphylaxis induced by antibiotics, penicillin v (pen v) and cephalothin (cet), was developed, and the effect of anti-il-4 on the anaphylaxis was observed. pen v and cet induced 100 and 70 to 90% fatal reactions, respectively, when c57bl/6 mice were sensitized i.p. with 500 microg of antibiotic-ova co ... | 1997 | 9144520 |
| formation and cell-medium partitioning of autoinhibitory free fatty acids and cyclodextrin's effect in the cultivation of bordetella pertussis. | palmitic, palmitoleic and stearic acids were found in the extracted cellular lipids of virulent bordetella pertussis as unesterified acids in confirmation of earlier taxonomic analyses. the same free fatty acids (ffas) were found in the spent culture supernatant in concentrations higher than in the uninoculated medium, indicating that they are released into the extracellular medium. these long-chain fatty acids are known to inhibit the growth of b. pertussis at concentrations as low as 1 ppm. me ... | 1996 | 9147447 |
| local transient induction of inflammatory cytokines after intranasal administration of recombinant bordetella pertussis. | inflammatory cytokines have been described to play a critical role in the orientation and amplification of the iga immune response. in this study, we show that the intranasal administration of a bordetella pertussis strain expressing the protective antigen glutathione-s-transferase of schistosoma mansoni (sm28gst) induced an inflammatory response in the lungs of mice, characterized by the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and transforming-gr ... | 1997 | 9160300 |
| molecular characterization of two bordetella bronchiseptica strains isolated from children with coughs. | during a surveillance program associated with the italian clinical trial for the evaluation of new acellular pertussis vaccines, two bacterial isolates were obtained in cultures of samples from immunocompetent infants who had episodes of cough. both clinical isolates were identified as bordetella bronchiseptica by biochemical criteria, although both strains agglutinated with antisera specific for bordetella parapertussis, suggesting that the strains exhibited some characteristics of both b. bron ... | 1997 | 9163480 |
| regulation of interleukin-12 by complement receptor 3 signaling. | complement receptor type 3 (cr3, cd11b/cd18) serves as a receptor for a number of endogenous ligands and infectious organisms, and is involved in adhesion and host defense functions. here, we report that signaling via cr3 plays an important role in regulating production of interleukin-12 (il-12), a key mediator of cell-mediated immunity (cmi). we demonstrate with a variety of stimuli a dose-dependent, specific downregulation of il-12 secretion by human monocytes in vitro after exposure to antibo ... | 1997 | 9166428 |
| vaccine- and antigen-dependent type 1 and type 2 cytokine induction after primary vaccination of infants with whole-cell or acellular pertussis vaccines. | cytokine profiles were examined 1 month after primary vaccination of infants with a whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wp) (connaught) or either of two acellular pertussis vaccines, ap-chiron biocine (ap-cb) or ap-smithkline beecham (ap-sb), each combined with diphtheria-tetanus toxoids (dt), in bordetella pertussis antigen-stimulated or unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). pertussis toxin (pt), filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), and pertactin (prn) were used as antigens, and the chi ... | 1997 | 9169747 |
| structural characterization of the lipids a of three bordetella bronchiseptica strains: variability of fatty acid substitution. | the structures of lipids a isolated from the lipopolysaccharides (lpss; endotoxins) of three different pathogenic bordetella bronchiseptica strains were investigated by chemical composition and methylation analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and plasma desorption mass spectrometry (pdms). the analyses revealed that the lpss contain the classical lipid a bisphosphorylated beta-(1-->6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide with hydroxytetradecanoic acid in amide ... | 1997 | 9171426 |
| characterization of dna binding sites for the bvga protein of bordetella pertussis. | expression of virulence-associated genes in bordetella pertussis is under the control of the pleiotropic regulator bvga. although previous studies have identified recognition sequences for bvga in several promoter regions, their structures have not been clearly characterized. we show that the bvga binding sites within the bvgp(1) and cyaa promoters consist of inverted repeats and suggest that inverted-repeat motifs may represent the recognition elements for dna-bvga interaction. | 1997 | 9171432 |
| use of type i and type iv hypersensitivity responses to define the immunopharmacological profile of drugs. | administration of antigen suspended in incomplete freund's adjuvant supplemented with either heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis (complete freund's adjuvant, cfa) or bordetella pertussis toxin sensitizes animals so that subsequent antigen challenge leads to delayed-type (dth) or immediate type hypersensitivity (ith) responses, named type iv and type i, respectively. appropriate timing of administration of drugs with respect to immunization or antigen challenge allowed to detect predominantly ... | 1997 | 9174984 |
| sudden infant death and prevalence of whooping cough in the swedish and norwegian communities. | whooping cough (wc) has been suggested to be a trigger factor for sudden infant death (sid), the proposed mechanism being unrecognised hypoxaemic episodes. in contrast to norway, sweden ceased its immunisation programme against bordetella pertussis (bp) in 1979. we investigated the relation between sid mortality and the prevalence of bp during 1983 to 1988, by month, in the two ethnically and socially similar, bordering countries adopting different strategies towards wc. in addition, the greater ... | 1997 | 9177988 |
| immunodominant domains present on the bordetella pertussis vaccine component filamentous hemagglutinin. | to identify immunologically important domains on filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), a bordetella pertussis protein included in new acellular pertussis vaccines (acpvs), a series of monoclonal antibodies, sera from infants vaccinated with acpvs or whole cell pertussis vaccine (wcpv), and sera from patients with pertussis were analyzed by immunoblots containing fha fragments and recombinant fha proteins. immunodominant domains located at the cooh-terminus of fha (type i domain) and near the nh2-term ... | 1997 | 9180182 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha and lymphotoxin alpha are not required for induction of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | immunization of mice with myelin components results in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), which is mediated by myelin-specific cd4(+) t cells and anti-myelin antibodies. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and lymphotoxin alpha (lt-alpha) are thought to be involved in the events leading to inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. to ascertain this hypothesis 129 x c57bl/6 mice with an inactivation of the tnf and lta genes (129 x c57bl/6(-/-)) and sjl/j mice der ... | 1997 | 9182689 |
| frontiers of occupational health. new vaccines, new prophylactic regimens, and management of the hiv-infected worker. | new prophylactic or treatment options are available for a number of infectious diseases that may be transmitted in the health care setting. infectious diseases that can now be prevented by vaccination of the employee include hepatitis a, pertussis, hepatitis b, and primary varicella. new prophylactic or treatment regimens are available for neisseria meningitidis, streptococcus pyogenes, and bordetella pertussis; treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is also discussed. finally, management ... | 1997 | 9187949 |
| mechanisms of immunity to the respiratory pathogen bordetella pertussis in normal and gene knockout mice: clearance of primary infection is not enhanced by therapeutic interleukin-12. | 1997 | 9191386 | |
| a mutation in the bordetella bronchiseptica bvgs gene results in reduced virulence and increased resistance to starvation, and identifies a new class of bvg-regulated antigens. | the bordetella bvgas signal-transduction system has traditionally been viewed as mediating a transition between two distinct phenotypic phases: the bvg+ phase, characterized by the expression of adhesins and toxins, and the bvg-phase, characterized by motility in bordetella bronchiseptica and by the expression of vrg loci in bordetella pertussis. in b. bronchiseptica, the bvg+ phase is necessary and sufficient for respiratory tract colonization whereas the bvg phase is required for growth under ... | 1997 | 9194696 |
| characterization of bph3, an h-ns-like protein in bordetella pertussis. | this study describes the characterization of bph3, a bordetella pertussis dna-binding protein. sequence analysis reveals significant homology with the h-ns sequence of escherichia coli and haemophilus influenzae, particularly in the c-terminal part of the proteins. our results provide evidence that h-ns and bph3 display functional homology. first, expression of bph3 in an hns mutant results in restoration of motility, an h-ns-dependent phenotype. this effect is dependent on the level of bph3 exp ... | 1997 | 9194708 |
| seven days of erythromycin estolate is as effective as fourteen days for the treatment of bordetella pertussis infections. | objective and methods: although 14 days of erythromycin is recommended for the treatment of bordetella pertussis infection, there have been no prospective controlled studies to support the contention that this long course of therapy is required to eradicate the microorganism from the nasopharynx or to prevent bacteriological relapse. we randomly allocated children and adults with culture-positive community-acquired pertussis to either 7 or 14 days of erythromycin estolate treatment (40 mg/kg/d; ... | 1997 | 9200361 |
| pertussis toxin: transition state analysis for adp-ribosylation of g-protein peptide alphai3c20. | pertussis toxin from bordetella pertussis is one of the adp-ribosylating toxins which are the cytotoxic agents of several infectious diseases. transition state analogues of these enzymes are expected to be potent inhibitors and may be useful in therapy. pertussis toxin catalyzes the adp-ribosylation of a cysteine in the synthetic peptide alphai3c20, corresponding to the c-terminal 20 amino acids of the alpha-subunits of the g-protein gi3. a family of kinetic isotope effects was determined for th ... | 1997 | 9204866 |
| [biological diagnosis of whooping cough: contribution of gene amplification]. | an upsurge in pertussis infections, despite mandatory vaccination in france since 1966, has occurred again in developed countries due to progressive loss of vaccinal immunity and wider circulation of the causal bacterium, bordetella pertussis. unfortunately, the classical culture method is insufficiently sensitive and serology can only confirm diagnosis retrospectively. new techniques are needed for rapid diagnosis, and subsequent treatment and preventive measures. one new method, gene amplifica ... | 1997 | 9205475 |
| hiv coreceptor downregulation as antiviral principle: sdf-1alpha-dependent internalization of the chemokine receptor cxcr4 contributes to inhibition of hiv replication. | ligation of ccr5 by the cc chemokines rantes, mip-1alpha or mip-1beta, and of cxcr4 by the cxc chemokine sdf-1alpha, profoundly inhibits the replication of hiv strains that use these coreceptors for entry into cd4(+) t lymphocytes. the mechanism of entry inhibition is not known. we found a rapid and extensive downregulation of cxcr4 by sdf-1alpha and of ccr5 by rantes or the antagonist rantes(9-68). confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that ccr5 and cxcr4, after binding to their ligands, ar ... | 1997 | 9207008 |
| treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with genetically modified memory t cells. | the migratory properties of memory t cells provide a model vector system for site-specific delivery of therapeutic transgene factors to autoimmune inflammatory lesions. lymph node cells from (swrxsjl)f1 mice immunized with the p139-151 determinant of myelin proteolipid protein (plp) were transfected with a dna construct that placed the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) cdna under control of an antigen-inducible il-2 promoter region. isolated t cell clones demonstrated antigen-ind ... | 1997 | 9207010 |
| induction of host signal transduction pathways by helicobacter pylori. | adherence of helicobacter pylori to cultured gastric epithelial cells is associated with several cellular events, including the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 145-kda host protein; the reorganization of the host cell actin and associated cellular proteins, like vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein, adjacent to the attached bacterial cell; and the subsequent release of the cytokine, interleukin 8 (il-8). h. pylori isolated from patients with ulcer disease and gastric cancer contain a dna insertio ... | 1997 | 9207137 |
| porin from the halophilic species ectothiorhodospira vacuolata: cloning, structure of the gene and comparison with other porins. | the gene coding for the anion-specific porin of the halophilic eubacterium ectothiorhodospira (ect.) vacuolata was cloned and sequenced, the first such gene so analyzed from a purple sulfur bacterium. it encodes a precursor protein consisting of 374 amino acid (aa)-residues including a signal peptide of 22-aa residues. comparison with aa sequences of porins from several other members of the proteobacteria revealed little homology. only two regions showed local homology with the previously sequen ... | 1997 | 9218724 |
| genetic analysis of pertussis toxin promoter activation in bordetella pertussis. | bordetella pertussis regulates expression of its virulence factors such as pertussis toxin (ptx) via the bvg locus, which encodes a two-component system composed of a sensor protein, bvgs, and a transcription activator, bvga. we used a ptx-lac fusion on the b. pertussis chromosome to analyse promoter activation by alteration of specific sequences upstream of and within the promoter. our data demonstrate that a pair of heptanucleotide inverted repeats separated by a turn of the dna helix within t ... | 1997 | 9218770 |
| intracerebral injection of myelin basic protein (mbp) induces inflammation in brain and causes paraplegia in mbp-sensitized b6 mice. | brain inflammation and paraplegia can be induced by an additional intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intracerebral (i.c.) restimulation in b6 mice after standard immunization with mbp in freund's complete adjuvant (fca) and bordetella pertussis coadjuvant. only the combination of i.p. mbp/fca and i.c. mbp injection could induce clinical paraplegia; either one alone was not effective. clinical symptoms would develop 2 days after the i.c. injection. the induction of paraplegia was mbp-specific, as irrelev ... | 1997 | 9218835 |
| molecular localization of the escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor cnf1 cell-binding and catalytic domains. | cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (cnf1) induces, in epithelial cells, the development of stress fibres via the gtpase rho pathway. we showed that cnf1 is able to modify rho both in vitro and in vivo. recombinant n-terminal 33kda (cnf1nter) and c-terminal 14.8-31.5 kda (cnf1cter) regions of the cnf1 protein allowed us to demonstrate that the n-terminal region contains the cell-binding domain of the toxin and that the c-terminal region is responsible for its catalytic activity. cnf1nter lowered ... | 1997 | 9220012 |
| structurally defined epitopes of haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharides recognized by monoclonal antibodies. | by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting techniques, the migration patterns and binding epitopes of lipooligosaccharides (los) from 10 haemophilus ducreyi strains were investigated with two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), mahd6 and mahd7, raised against los from h. ducreyi itm 2665. closely related los, with defined structures, from haemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, aeromonas spp., and synthetic glycoproteins were also included in the analyses. the mabs bound to c ... | 1997 | 9234768 |
| characterization of a recombinant fragment that contains a carbohydrate recognition domain of the filamentous hemagglutinin. | the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) of bordetella pertussis plays an important role in establishing infection by attaching the bacteria to the ciliated respiratory epithelial cells. expression of dna encoding residues 1141 to 1279 of fha in escherichia coli yields a protein of 18,000 da that exhibits some of the carbohydrate recognition properties of fha (s. m. prasad, y. yin, e. rodzinski, e. i. tuomanen, and h. r. masure, infect. immun. 61:2780-2785, 1993). we have constructed an e. coli strai ... | 1997 | 9234814 |
| [the expression of bordetella pertussis protective antigens during bacterial multiplication on a medium with a fixed chemical composition]. | the possibility of obtaining native pertussis preparations with high immunobiological activity has been shown. to obtain such preparations, the use of b. pertussis selected strain, its growth under the conditions of static cultivation in a synthetic culture medium and the use of supernatants with the maximum content of protective antigens with the aim of obtaining protective complexes are necessary. | 1997 | 9245141 |
| tn5-induced lipopolysaccharide mutations in bordetella pertussis that affect outer membrane function. | an lpsb-specific mab was used to screen for ten tn5 insertion mutants of bordetella pertussis which have lps which is phenotypically distinct from either wild-type lpsab or lpsb. silver-strained sds-page gels showed nine different lps phenotypes, six of which contain two clinically undocumented lps bands, designated inta and intb based on their proximity to the lpsa and lpsb bands, respectively. binding assays with lpsa- and lpsb-specific mabs established changes in epitope exposure for the vari ... | 1997 | 9245820 |
| a t cell receptor antagonist peptide induces t cells that mediate bystander suppression and prevent autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with multiple myelin antigens. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) induced with myelin proteolipid protein (plp) residues 139-151 (hslgkwlghpdkf) can be prevented by treatment with a t cell receptor (tcr) antagonist peptide (l144/r147) generated by substituting at the two principal tcr contact residues in the encephalitogenic peptide. the tcr antagonist peptide blocks activation of encephalitogenic th1 helper cells in vitro, but the mechanisms by which the antagonist peptide blocks eae in vivo are not clear. immun ... | 1997 | 9256473 |
| an overview of the status of acellular pertussis vaccines in practice. | infection with bordetella pertussis continues to result in widespread morbidity and mortality. although whole cell pertussis vaccines are effective in controlling pertussis, concerns relating to adverse effects following vaccination have led to the development of a new generation of pertussis vaccines. acellular pertussis vaccines have decreased endotoxin content and are less reactogenic than whole cell vaccines. the composition of acellular pertussis vaccines varies, resulting in differing immu ... | 1997 | 9257078 |
| quantification of cell-associated and free antigens in bordetella pertussis suspensions by antigen binding elisa. | in order to achieve batch-to-batch consistency of whole-cell pertussis vaccines, properties relevant for protection and safety should be characterised. therefore, elisas to quantify pertussis toxin (pt), filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), 92 kd outer membrane protein (92 kd-omp) and pertactin (prn) in bordetella pertussis (b. pertussis) suspensions were developed. in this paper the influence of the bacterial growth stage on antigen production and antigen release into the supernatant was studied f ... | 1997 | 9257265 |
| expression of a synthetic pertussis toxin operon in escherichia coli. | bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a severe disease of infants characterised by repeated of paroxysmal coughing. pertussis toxin (pt) is a major virulence factor of b. pertussis and is a typical a/b bacterial toxin consisting of five subunits s1-s5 in a ratio of 1:1:1:2:1. the pt subunit genes are organized into an operon which is not expressed in escherichia coli, thus hampering the use of this organism for vaccine production. we have expressed the five pt subunits i ... | 1997 | 9261943 |
| bacterial growth and virulence factors production by different bordetella pertussis strains. | the aim of this study was to compare bacteria growth and pertussis antigens (pertussis toxin-pt, filamentous haemagglutinin-fha and endotoxin-lps) production by 11 bordetella pertussis strains. a synthetic stainer-scholte culture medium supplemented with (2,6-0-dimethyl) beta-cyclodextrin (heptakis) or methylcellulose (for greater pt and fha production) and solid modified cohen-wheeler medium (for lps isolation) were used. our results demonstrated that heptakis and methylcellulose were more effe ... | 1997 | 9271847 |
| hyperleukocytosis with pertussis. | a 9-month-old nonimmunized white female patient presented with a paroxysmal cough and a white blood cell count of 114,000/mm3. a nasopharyngeal culture was positive for bordetella pertussis. hyperleukocytosis is a rare complication of pertussis and is attributed to lymphocytosis-promoting factor. hyperleukocytosis with pulmonary leukostasis can result in significant hypoxemia, although it did not occur in the case presented. | 1997 | 9271891 |
| the role of bordetella pertussis infections in adults in the epidemiology of pertussis. | in six of the seven efficacy studies, cases of pertussis in adults were diagnosed. in particular, primary cases in adults were common in study families in the mainz and erlangen studies. recent epidemiological studies indicate that b. pertussis infections in adults are common and endemic. it is suggested that b. pertussis circulation cannot be controlled by immunization of children but that acellular vaccines make it possible to give booster immunizations to adults. an adult booster programme mi ... | 1997 | 9272350 |
| a comparison of enzyme immunoassays used to measure serum antibodies to components of bordetella pertussis. | to evaluate the comparability of immunoassays, the center for biologics evaluation and research organized an international collaborative study in which 33 laboratories participated. for a coded panel of 21 samples, each laboratory measured igg antibodies to specific proteins of bordetella pertussis using assay systems currently in place. analyses were performed to evaluate the assay precision and the quantitative agreement among laboratories. data from a subset of 12 laboratories are used to ill ... | 1997 | 9272351 |
| isolation, identification and characterization of bordetella pertussis. | during the pertussis clinical trials, the best conditions for isolating b. pertussis were determined. isolation is higher if two nasopharyngeal aspirates are collected, transport is carried out at ambient temperature and takes no longer than 48 hours, reagan lowe or bordet gengou selective and non-selective plates are used and incubated at 36 degrees c for seven days. identification must include gram stain and urease, oxidase and nitrate reactions. confirmation is obtained with specific anti-b. ... | 1997 | 9272355 |
| bordetella pertussis serotype of clinical isolates in sweden during 1970-1995 and influence of vaccine efficacy studies. | during the years 1970 to 1995, the serotypes of collected clinical isolates from the different regions of sweden were examined. vaccination using whole-cell pertussis vaccine decreased during the year preceding cessation of general vaccination of children in 1979. although the total number of clinical isolates examined was limited up to 1978 compared to later years, serotype 1, 2, 3 clinical isolates generally predominated. during periodical pertussis outbreaks, serotype 1, 3 strains were isolat ... | 1997 | 9272356 |
| bordetella pertussis-specific th1/th2 cells generated following respiratory infection or immunization with an acellular vaccine: comparison of the t cell cytokine profiles in infants and mice. | in an investigation of cell-mediated immunity against bordetella pertussis, we found that b. pertussis infection in infants and in mice was associated with the induction of antigen-specific t cells that secrete ifn-g and il-2, but not il-4 or il-5. this cytokine profile is characteristic of th1 cells that mediate cellular immune responses against a range of intracellular pathogens. an examination of cytokine production following immunization with a three-component acellular vaccine, comprising i ... | 1997 | 9272363 |
| acellular vaccines induce cell-mediated immunity to bordetella pertussis antigens in infants undergoing primary vaccination against pertussis. | the induction of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to bordetella pertussis antigens (whole, heat-inactivated bacterial cells [bpc], pertussis toxin [pt], filamentous haemagglutinin [fha], pertactin [prn]) was assessed by a lymphoproliferation assay in vitro in a cohort of children enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of pertussis vaccines efficacy in italy. four vaccination groups were compared: children receiving acellular pertussis (ap) vaccines from smithkline beecham (sb) or chiron biocine (cb ... | 1997 | 9272365 |
| examination of similarities between diphtheria and pertussis and their toxoids provide insight into vaccine-induced protection to bordetella pertussis. | 1997 | 9272366 | |
| bordetella pertussis binds the human complement regulator c4bp: role of filamentous hemagglutinin. | c4bp (c4b-binding protein) is a high-molecular-weight plasma protein that inhibits the classical pathway of complement activation. recent experiments have demonstrated that c4bp binds to many strains of the gram-positive bacterium streptococcus pyogenes, a major respiratory tract pathogen. binding to s. pyogenes was shown to be due to members of the m protein family, a group of surface proteins important for virulence. here we report that human c4bp also binds to all clinical isolates of the gra ... | 1997 | 9284130 |
| acellular pertussis vaccines containing genetically detoxified pertussis toxin induce long-lasting humoral and cellular responses in adults. | new generation pertussis vaccines, containing only purified bordetella pertussis antigens, have been proven safe, immunogenic and efficacious. they have, however, raised new questions regarding the mechanism of protection from whooping cough and the duration of the immune response following vaccination. in addition to the antibody (ab) titer, the level of pertussis toxin (pt) neutralizing antibodies may be very important in protection and the role of cell-ediated immunity needs to be defined. we ... | 1997 | 9286047 |
| trap transporters: a new family of periplasmic solute transport systems encoded by the dctpqm genes of rhodobacter capsulatus and by homologs in diverse gram-negative bacteria. | the dct locus of rhodobacter capsulatus encodes a high-affinity transport system for the c4-dicarboxylates malate, succinate, and fumarate. the nucleotide sequence of the region downstream of the previously sequenced dctp gene (encoding a periplasmic c4-dicarboxylate-binding protein) was determined. two open reading frames (orfs) of 681 bp (dctq) and 1,320 bp (dctm) were identified as additional dct genes by insertional mutagenesis and complementation studies. dctq (24,763 da) and dctm (46,827 d ... | 1997 | 9287004 |
| bordetella pertussis infection of human monocytes inhibits antigen-dependent cd4 t cell proliferation. | human monocytes and macrophages bind bordetella pertussis through multiple specific receptor-ligand interactions; however, the effect of these interactions on monocyte and macrophage function is not well understood. in an in vitro system, b. pertussis infection of human monocytes significantly impaired t cell proliferation to exogenous antigen at mois as low as 1.0. b. pertussis isogenic mutant strains deficient in filamentous hemagglutinin or adenylate cyclase toxin were incapable of proliferat ... | 1997 | 9291315 |
| genomic fluidity of bordetella pertussis assessed by a new method for chromosomal mapping. | the genomic organization of bordetella pertussis strains has been examined by using a new method. this method does not depend on the prior determination of a restriction map of the bacterial chromosome but is based on the ability to measure directly the distance between two genes. this is accomplished through the integration at each gene of a suicide vector containing a cleavage site for the intron-encoded endonuclease i-scei, which is not otherwise found in the chromosome. integration is mediat ... | 1997 | 9294440 |
| hepatitis b component does not interfere with the immune response to diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell bordetella pertussis components of a quadrivalent (dtpw-hb) vaccine: a controlled trial in healthy infants. | the aim of this single-blind, parallel trial was to assess whether the hepatitis b (hb) component of a dtpw-hb vaccine interferes with the immune response to the other three components when administered at 3, 5 and 7 months of age. one hundred and six infants were randomized to receive three doses of dtpw or dtpw-hb vaccines. seroprotection (or seroresponse) rates and geometric mean titers (gmt) of antibodies were assessed 3-6 weeks after the third dose. anti-diphtheria, anti-tetanus and anti-bo ... | 1997 | 9302754 |
| a nasal whole-cell pertussis vaccine can induce strong systemic and mucosal antibody responses which are not enhanced by cholera toxin. | the immunogenicity of formaldehyde-inactivated bordetella pertussis (bp) delivered by the intranasal or colonic-rectal routes in balb/c mice was studied by immunization four times at weekly intervals with bp alone, or with bp mixed with cholera toxin (ct) as a mucosal adjuvant. mice given bp subcutaneously, and untreated mice served as controls. antibody responses in serum, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids and extracts of faeces were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. nasa ... | 1997 | 9302763 |
| [an acellular pertussis vaccine based on the natural complex of antigens isolated from the supernatant of a synthetic culture medium]. | a highly effective technology for obtaining a protective antigenic complex, including the main bordetella pertussis protective antigens (pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, agglutinogens, pertactin and adenylate cyclase) and isolated from the supernatant of b. pertussis cultivation medium, has been developed. a new method for the detoxication of antigenic complex which more available to preserve the protective property was suggested. experimental batches of monovaccine and adsorbed dpt v ... | 1997 | 9304334 |
| [a polyvalent complex of bordetella pertussis antigens as the basis for an acellular pertussis vaccine]. | the immunogenic and protective properties of acellular pertussis vaccines, prepared on the basis of b. pertussis multicomponent protective complex and the preparation containing only pertussis toxin, were studied. the study revealed that multicomponent preparations containing pertussis toxin (pt), filamentous hemagglutinin, agglutinogens, pertactin and adenylate cyclase possessed more pronounced immunobiological and protective properties in comparison with the monovalent preparation of pt, which ... | 1997 | 9304336 |
| characterization of two plasmid-borne lps beta loci of rhizobium etli required for lipopolysaccharide synthesis and for optimal interaction with plants. | in rhizobium etli cfn42, both the symbiotic plasmid (pd) and plasmid b (pb) are required for effective bean nodulation. this is due to the presence on pb of a region (lps beta) involved in lipopolysaccharide (lps) biosynthesis. we report here the genetic array and functional features of this plasmid-borne region. the sequence analysis of a 3,595-bp fragment revealed the presence of a transcriptional unit integrated by two open reading frames (lps beta 1 and lps beta 2) essential for lps biosynth ... | 1997 | 9304861 |
| role of the bordetella pertussis minor fimbrial subunit, fimd, in colonization of the mouse respiratory tract. | bordetella pertussis fimbriae are composed of a major subunit, fim2 or fim3, and the minor subunit fimd. using immunoelectron microscopy, we provide evidence that fimd is located at the fimbrial tip. the role of fimd in colonization of the mouse respiratory tract was studied by using two fimbrial mutants: a mutant completely devoid of fimbriae (designated fimd-) and a mutant devoid of the major fimbrial subunits but still producing the minor subunit (designated fimd+). the ability of the two fim ... | 1997 | 9317030 |
| pertactin antigens extracted from bordetella pertussis and bordetella bronchiseptica differ in the isoelectric point. | pertactin, which is a membrane-associated antigen of bordetella pertussis and which is present in many acellular vaccines against whooping cough, has been reported to be similar to the homologous protein in bordetella bronchiseptica. by running parallel experiments using proteins derived from the two species, we show that the isoelectric point of pertactin from b. pertussis is lower than reported and clearly distinguishable from the homologous protein of b. bronchiseptica. | 1997 | 9325433 |
| a novel histidine kinase inhibitor regulating development in bacillus subtilis. | kinase a is the sensor histidine kinase responsible for processing postexponential phase information and providing phosphate input to the phosphorelay that activates developmental transcription via phosphorylated spo0a. a protein inhibitor, kipi, of kinase a was discovered encoded in an operon of genes of unknown function but regulated by the availability of fixed nitrogen. kipi is a potent inhibitor of the autophosphorylation reaction of kinase a but does not inhibit phosphate transfer to the s ... | 1997 | 9334321 |
| targeting hiv proteins to the major histocompatibility complex class i processing pathway with a novel gp120-anthrax toxin fusion protein. | a challenge for subunit vaccines whose goal is to elicit cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) is to deliver the antigen to the cytosol of the living cell, where it can be processed for presentation by major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules. several bacterial toxins have evolved to efficiently deliver catalytic protein moieties to the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. anthrax lethal toxin consists of two distinct proteins that combine to form the active toxin. protective antigen (pa ... | 1997 | 9342362 |
| g-protein-coupled receptors and fcgamma-receptors mediate activation of akt/protein kinase b in human phagocytes. | activation of the serine/threonine kinase akt, also called protein kinase b (pkb), was investigated in human neutrophils. stimulation of the cells with the chemoattractant fmet-leu-phe or the chemokines il-8 and groalpha leads to the rapid and transient activation of pkb. maximum pkb activation correlates with the well documented kinetics of respiratory burst and exocytosis. wortmannin, a selective inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (pi 3-kinases) in neutrophils, abrogates pkb activation. s ... | 1997 | 9346964 |
| surveillance and detection of erythromycin resistance in bordetella pertussis isolates recovered from a pediatric population in the intermountain west region of the united states. | forty-seven bordetella pertussis isolates recovered from january 1985 to june 1997 at primary children's medical center were tested for erythromycin resistance. agar dilution mics were determined on regan-lowe agar. forty-six isolates were found to be erythromycin susceptible (all mics were less than or equal to 0.12 microg/ml). one isolate was found to be erythromycin resistant (mic, 32 microg/ml). in addition, we compared etest mic results and disk diffusion zone diameter measurements, perform ... | 1997 | 9350776 |
| molecular evolution and host adaptation of bordetella spp.: phylogenetic analysis using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and typing with three insertion sequences. | a total of 188 bordetella strains were characterized by the electrophoretic mobilities of 15 metabolic enzymes and the distribution and variation in positions and copy numbers of three insertion sequences (is). the presence or absence of is elements within certain lineages was congruent with estimates of overall genetic relationships as revealed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. bordetella pertussis and ovine b. parapertussis each formed separate clusters, while human b. parapertussis was mo ... | 1997 | 9352907 |
| differences in coughing and other responses to intrabronchial infection with bordetella pertussis among strains of rats. | four strains of rats were each infected intrabronchially with approximately 10(8) cfu of bordetella pertussis 18-323 encased in fine agarose beads. after 8 days, sprague-dawley rats developed the highest incidence of coughing paroxysms, as monitored with voice-activated tape recorders; brown norway, lewis, and hooded lister rats coughed significantly less frequently. marked leukocytosis, with counts up to four times the normal levels, and retardation of normal weight gain occurred in all four ra ... | 1997 | 9353055 |
| ifn-gamma-mediated protection against intracerebral challenge with bordetella pertussis in mice. | mice inoculated with whole cell pertussis vaccine (wcv) acquired protection against intracerebral challenge with bordetella pertussis without any appreciable antibody production against pertussis toxin or filamentous hemagglutinin. spleen cells from mice immunized with wcv produced a significant amount of ifn-gamma upon stimulation in vitro with wcv. furthermore, mice inoculated with recombinant ifn-gamma along with a suboptimal dose of wcv survived longer than those that received wcv alone. the ... | 1997 | 9354968 |
| [infectious risk factors in the development of malignant neoplasms]. | the influence of microorganisms on the course of tumor processes in laboratory animals was studied. the study revealed that the inoculation of bordetella pertussis decreased survival time both in mice with implanted mastocytoma cells p-815 and in syrian golden hamsters with implanted transformed hamster fibroblastomas. the smallpox vaccine virus was found to stimulate the development of virus-induced rauscher leukosis in mice. the mechanisms of the co-carcinogenic action of microorganisms is dis ... | 1995 | 9381869 |
| bacterial adp-ribosylating toxins: form, function, and recombinant vaccine development. | no products of the biotechnology revolution will likely have a greater legacy than recombinant vaccines. clinical efficacy trials of new acellular pertussis vaccines have recently been completed; among them, a vaccine containing a genetically modified pertussis toxin showed superior effectiveness in protection against disease caused by bordetella pertussis. the foundations for this vaccine derive from the work of many investigators, but most notably: japanese researchers who demonstrated the pot ... | 1997 | 9382767 |
| atypical disease after bordetella pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions of interferon-gamma receptor or immunoglobulin mu chain genes. | using a murine respiratory challenge model we have previously demonstrated a role for th1 cells in natural immunity against bordetella pertussis, but could not rule out a role for antibody. here we have demonstrated that b. pertussis respiratory infection of mice with targeted disruptions of the genes for the ifn-gamma receptor resulted in an atypical disseminated disease which was lethal in a proportion of animals, and was characterized by pyogranulomatous inflammation and postnecrotic scarring ... | 1997 | 9382883 |
| clinical findings in bordetella pertussis infections: results of a prospective multicenter surveillance study. | to study the clinical presentation of culture-confirmed pertussis in children and their contacts with cough illnesses in an outpatient setting. | 1997 | 9382911 |
| an application of orem's theory to the nursing management of pertussis. | in recent years, there has been a dramatic resurgence of bordetella pertussis infection in the united states. this infection is affecting all age groups. a case study of one family's experience with pertussis is examined. this paper presents a review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications, diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatment of pertussis. dorothea orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing is the theoretical concept used to characterize the school nurse's appro ... | 1997 | 9384118 |
| efficacy of a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine in infants. | this case-control study investigated the protective efficacy against pertussis of three doses of a two-component acellular pertussis vaccine (manufactured by biken in japan) combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (manufactured by connaught laboratories in the us) in infants. | 1997 | 9384336 |
| essential role of the consensus nucleotide-binding site of ptlh in secretion of pertussis toxin from bordetella pertussis. | ptlh is a member of a specialized set of transport proteins that is essential for secretion of pertussis toxin (pt) from bordetella pertussis. previously, ptlh was shown to contain a consensus nucleotide-binding motif. here, we demonstrate that introduction of plasmids containing mutant forms of ptlh, altered in the putative nucleotide-binding region, into a wild-type strain of b. pertussis resulted in inhibition of pt secretion. thus, this region of ptlh appears to be essential for protein func ... | 1997 | 9393726 |
| role of gamma interferon in natural clearance of bordetella pertussis infection. | using a mouse model of bordetella pertussis infection, we have analyzed the role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in bacterial clearance from the respiratory tract. adult balb/c mice began to clear a respiratory infection within 3 weeks postinfection, with complete resolution of infection 6 to 8 weeks postinfection. in contrast, neither adult scid mice (which lack mature b and t lymphocytes) nor adult nude mice (which lack mature t lymphocytes) controlled b. pertussis infection, and both strains ... | 1997 | 9393774 |
| a highly adherent phenotype associated with virulent bvg+-phase swine isolates of bordetella bronchiseptica grown under modulating conditions. | the ability of bvg(-)-phase and bvg(+)-phase bordetella bronchiseptica swine isolates, grown under modulating or nonmodulating conditions, to adhere to swine ciliated nasal epithelial cells was determined. when virulent strains were cultivated at 37 degrees c in the bvg+ phase, numerous adherent bacteria (approximately eight per cell, depending on the strain used) were observed. however, when such strains were grown under modulating conditions (23 degrees c), a significant increase in the level ... | 1997 | 9393829 |
| [antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin against recent obtained clinical isolates]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin (cam), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cam and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates that were obtained from outpatients in 1994 and 1996. the results are summarized as follows; 1. it was not showed that cam-resistant strains were increasing among staphylococcus spp., beta-streptococci, moraxella subgenus branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, campylobacter jejuni subsp. ... | 1997 | 9394238 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica expresses the fimbrial structural subunit gene fima. | the differential host species specificities of bordetella pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. bronchiseptica might be explained by polymorphisms in adherence factor genes. we have found that b. parapertussis and b. bronchiseptica, unlike b. pertussis, contain a full-length gene for the fimbrial subunit fima. b. bronchiseptica expresses fima in a bvgas-dependent fashion. | 1997 | 9401052 |
| evaluation of pertussis in u.s. marine corps trainees. | one hundred twenty male u.s. marine corps trainees with histories of at least 7 days of cough underwent evaluation for bordetella pertussis infection by culture, b. pertussis-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis, and serology. antibody levels in preexposure, acute-phase, and convalescent-phase serum samples were measured in a microagglutination assay and in enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for igg and iga antibodies to pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin, pertactin ... | 1997 | 9402365 |
| kinetics and quantitation of eosinophil and neutrophil recruitment to allergic lung inflammation in a brown norway rat model. | we quantitated neutrophil and eosinophil migration into lung parenchyma using specific peroxidase enzyme assays, and into the bronchoalveolar compartment by bronchoalveolar lavage (balf), in sensitized brown norway (bn), fischer, and lewis rats and also assessed the lungs by histopathology. fourteen days after sensitization with ovalbumin (oa in alum [given subcutaneously] and oa with bordetella pertussis [given intraperitoneally]), rats were challenged with an oa aerosol for 1 h. in bn rats, th ... | 1997 | 9409557 |
| two primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine induce immunological responses to bordetella pertussis as strong as those induced by three primary doses. | pertussis vaccinations are administered worldwide under various conditions and schedules with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (dtp). in japan, a general vaccination with three primary doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (dtap) at 4-week intervals and one booster dose 12 months after the primary series have been used since 1981. decreasing the number of doses of the vaccination would lessen the physical and economic costs. to compare the immunological response to two versus three primary ... | 1997 | 9413107 |
| somatic hypermutation introduces insertions and deletions into immunoglobulin v genes. | during a germinal center reaction, random mutations are introduced into immunoglobulin v genes to increase the affinity of antibody molecules and to further diversify the b cell repertoire. antigen-directed selection of b cell clones that generate high affinity surface ig results in the affinity maturation of the antibody response. the mutations of ig genes are typically basepair substitutions, although dna insertions and deletions have been reported to occur at a low frequency. in this study, w ... | 1998 | 9419211 |
| epsr modulates production of extracellular polysaccharides in the bacterial wilt pathogen ralstonia (pseudomonas) solanacearum. | ralstonia solanacearum is the causal agent of bacterial wilt of many agriculturally important crops. exopolysaccharide synthesized by products of the epsi operon is the major virulence factor for r. solanacearum. expression of epsi has been demonstrated to be under the control of several proteins, including several two-component regulators. overexpression of epsr was found previously to reduce the amount of synthesis specifically from the epsi promoter. here we present data that a single chromos ... | 1998 | 9422588 |
| identification and cloning of waaf (rfaf) from bordetella pertussis and use to generate mutants of bordetella spp. with deep rough lipopolysaccharide. | a dna locus from bordetella pertussis capable of reconstituting lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen biosynthesis in salmonella typhimurium sl3789 (rfaf511) has been isolated, by using selection with the antibiotic novobiocin. dna within the locus encodes a protein with amino acid sequence similarity to heptosyltransferase ii, encoded by waaf (previously rfaf) in other gram-negative bacteria. mutation of this gene in b. pertussis, bordetella parapertussis, and bordetella bronchiseptica by allelic ... | 1998 | 9422589 |
| role of flagella in pathogenesis of pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infection. | pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are opportunistic pathogens associated with infections in immunocompromised hosts and patients with cystic fibrosis. like many other mucosal pathogens, p. aeruginosa cells express flagella which provide motility and chemotaxis toward preferred substrates but also provide a ligand for clearance by phagocytic cells. we tested the role of flagella in the initial stages of respiratory tract infection by comparing the virulence of flic mutants in a neonatal mouse model ... | 1998 | 9423837 |
| phage antibodies obtained by competitive selection on complement-resistant moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis recognize the high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein. | we used competitive panning to select a panel of 10 different human antibodies from a large semisynthetic phage display library that distinguish between serum complement-resistant and complement-sensitive strains of the gram-negative diplococcus moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. western blotting analyses and inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed that all phage antibodies were directed against the same or closely spaced epitopes on the target protein, which is the high-molecular ... | 1998 | 9423843 |
| prevalence and distribution of the hmw and hia genes and the hmw and hia adhesins among genetically diverse strains of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a common cause of human disease and initiates infection by colonizing the upper respiratory tract. in previous work we identified high-molecular-weight adhesins referred to as hmw1 and hmw2, expressed by nontypeable strain 12, and determined that most strains of nontypeable h. influenzae express one or two antigenically related proteins. more recently, we determined that some strains lack hmw1- and hmw2-like proteins and instead express an adhesin called hia ... | 1998 | 9423882 |
| [selection of bvg- variants of bordetella pertussis]. | bordetella pertussis virulent strains (bvg+) produce a wide array of virulence factors. the production of these factors is coordinately regulated by the locus bvg in response to environmental signals in a process known as antigenic modulation. mutations in the bvg locus originate avirulent variants (bvg-) that are unable to express virulence factors regardless of growth conditions. in this paper we have obtained spontaneous variants bvg- of b. pertussis tohama i and 10536, which would be useful ... | 1997 | 9424628 |
| inhibition of pcr by agar from bacteriological transport media. | we observed inhibition of pcr in throat swabs submitted in routine bacteriological transport media. experimental studies showed that agar, which was extracted with dna by dnazol (gibco brl, gaithersburg, md.), was the inhibitory agent. no inhibitory effect was observed with a transport medium which did not contain agar. | 1998 | 9431965 |
| speedy, sensitive, and specific diagnosis of pertussis by using serum and the sensitized-particle test. | 1998 | 9431983 | |
| midkine, a retinoic acid-inducible heparin-binding cytokine, is a novel regulator of intracellular calcium in human neutrophils. | midkine (mk), which induces chemotaxis of human neutrophils, was found to trigger mobilization of intracellular calcium of these cells. the maximum response was observed 150 sec after exposure to mk, suggesting a complex mechanism in the process. the calcium mobilization was inhibited by herbimycin a, bordetella pertussis toxin and wortmannin, suggesting that a tyrosine kinase, a g protein-linked receptor and phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase are involved in the process. | 1997 | 9434781 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of s-4661, a new carbapenem. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of s-4661, a new 1beta-methylcarbapenem, were compared with those of imipenem, meropenem, biapenem, cefpirome, and ceftazidime. the activity of s-4661 against methicillin-susceptible staphylococci and streptococci was comparable to that of imipenem, with an mic at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited (mic90) equal to 0.5 microg/ml or less. s-4661 was highly active against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus influenzae, ... | 1998 | 9449267 |
| the tree-dimensional structure of aspergillus niger pectin lyase b at 1.7-a resolution. | the three-dimensional structure of aspergillus niger pectin lyase b (plb) has been determined by crystallographic techniques at a resolution of 1.7 a. the model, with all 359 amino acids and 339 water molecules, refines to a final crystallographic r factor of 16.5%. the polypeptide backbone folds into a large right-handed cylinder, termed a parallel beta helix. loops of various sizes and conformations protrude from the central helix and probably confer function. the largest loop of 53 residues f ... | 1998 | 9449837 |
| the fimbria gene cluster of nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae. | the occurrence of fimbria gene clusters in nonencapsulated haemophilus influenzae strains from chronic bronchitis patients (n = 58), patients with acute otitis media (n = 13), and healthy carriers (n = 12) was determined by dna hybridization and pcr, based on sequences of fimbriate h. influenzae type b. although an average of 18% of all nonencapsulated strains had a fimbria gene cluster consisting of hifa to hife inserted in the chromosome between pure and pepn, differences in the frequency of f ... | 1998 | 9453588 |
| a murine model in which protection correlates with pertussis vaccine efficacy in children reveals complementary roles for humoral and cell-mediated immunity in protection against bordetella pertussis. | the results of phase 3 efficacy trials have shown that acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines can confer protection against whooping cough. however, despite the advances in vaccine development, clinical trials have not provided significant new information on the mechanism of protective immunity against bordetella pertussis. classical approaches based on measurement of antibody responses to individual antigens failed to define an immunological correlate of protection. a reliable animal model ... | 1998 | 9453614 |
| polymorphism in the bordetella pertussis virulence factors p.69/pertactin and pertussis toxin in the netherlands: temporal trends and evidence for vaccine-driven evolution. | the bordetella pertussis proteins p.69 (also designated pertactin) and pertussis toxin are important virulence factors and have been shown to confer protective immunity in animals and humans. both proteins are used in the new generation of acellular pertussis vaccines (acvs), and it is therefore important to study the degree of antigenic variation in these proteins. sequence analysis of the genes for p.69 and the pertussis toxin s1 subunit, using strains collected from dutch patients in the peri ... | 1998 | 9453625 |
| use of licensed vaccines for active immunization of the immunocompromised host. | the latter part of the 20th century has witnessed an unprecedented rise in the number of individuals with impaired immunity. this is primarily attributable to the increased development and use of antineoplastic therapy for malignancies, organ and bone marrow transplantation, and the aids epidemic. individuals with impaired immunity are often at increased risk for infections, and they can experience more severe and complicated courses of infection. the lack of therapy for a variety of viruses and ... | 1998 | 9457426 |
| mutational analysis of ump kinase from escherichia coli. | ump kinase from escherichia coli is one of the four regulatory enzymes involved in the de novo biosynthetic pathway of pyrimidine nucleotides. this homohexamer, with no counterpart in eukarya, might serve as a target for new antibacterial drugs. although the bacterial enzyme does not show sequence similarity with any other known nucleoside monophosphate kinase, two segments between amino acids 35 to 78 and 145 to 194 exhibit 28% identity with phosphoglycerate kinase and 30% identity with asparto ... | 1998 | 9457846 |
| immunolocalization of hsp60 in legionella pneumophila. | one of the most abundant proteins synthesized by legionella pneumophila, particularly during growth in a variety of eukaryotic host cells, is hsp60, a member of the groel family of molecular chaperones. the present study was initiated in response to a growing number of reports suggesting that for some bacteria, including l. pneumophila, hsp60 may exist in extracytoplasmic locations. immunolocalization techniques with hsp60-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to define the sub ... | 1998 | 9457851 |