Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| uk: aids treatment main factor in decision to grant permission to appeal immigration decision. | on 26 june 2003, the england and wales court of appeal (civil division) granted an application for leave to appeal a decision of the immigration appeal tribunal, which had overturned an adjudicator's decision to allow an hiv-positive citizen of uganda to immigrate to the united kingdom (uk). | 2003 | 15108662 |
| uk court denies prisoner with hiv early release. | on 19 august 2003, the england and wales court of appeal (criminal division) denied an application by a man with hiv and hepatitis c to suspend his sentence of imprisonment due to his poor health. | 2003 | 15108665 |
| uk: hemophiliac wins access to recombinant factor viii. | on 17 july 2003, the england and wales high court granted a hemophiliac leave to appeal a decision to refuse to provide him with recombinant factor viii, a treatment for hemophilia not derived from human blood. the applicant had been infected with hiv and hepatitis b, c, and g through tainted blood products. | 2003 | 15108666 |
| anatomists and entrepreneurs in early eighteenth-century london. | anatomical demonstration in the eighteenth century took place in many formats. in this essay i discuss public anatomical demonstration as performed by entrepreneurial anatomists in london between 1700 and 1740. these anatomists offered courses, advertised in newspapers, to anyone who was willing to pay. in contrast to courses offered in official settings to prospective physicians and surgeons, these courses emphasized natural philosophy and natural theology rather than practical knowledge. entre ... | 2004 | 15109154 |
| variation in the cranial base orientation and facial skeleton in dry skulls sampled from three major populations. | the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of cranial base orientation on the morphology of the craniofacial system in human populations. three geographically distant populations from europe (72), africa (48) and asia (24) were chosen. five angular and two linear variables from the cranial base component and six angular and six linear variables from the facial component based on two reference lines of the vertical posterior maxillary and frankfort horizontal planes were measured. the europ ... | 2004 | 15130044 |
| the clinical and cost-effectiveness of anakinra for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults: a systematic review and economic analysis. | to review the evidence of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra), for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ra) in adults. | 2004 | 15130461 |
| an evaluation of occupational health services within the nhs in london. | to establish the nature, extent and organization of occupational health service provision for employees within the national health service (nhs) in london and to review the systems for monitoring performance. | 2004 | 15133138 |
| highly significant linkage to the sli1 locus in an expanded sample of individuals affected by specific language impairment. | specific language impairment (sli) is defined as an unexplained failure to acquire normal language skills despite adequate intelligence and opportunity. we have reported elsewhere a full-genome scan in 98 nuclear families affected by this disorder, with the use of three quantitative traits of language ability (the expressive and receptive tests of the clinical evaluation of language fundamentals and a test of nonsense word repetition). this screen implicated two quantitative trait loci, one on c ... | 2004 | 15133743 |
| syphilis clusters in walsall: case profiles and public health implications. | between the beginning of december 2002 and the end of march 2003, eight cases of infectious syphilis were diagnosed in walsall. two unrelated clusters were identified. the first consisted of three cases, two heterosexual patients and a baby with congenital syphilis. the infant had no congenital stigmata of syphilis, which is consistent with recent infection. the second cluster consisted of five cases in men who have sex with men (msm) who attended a local sauna that attracts men from the midland ... | 2004 | 15137279 |
| the human right to dignity v. physical integrity in manual handling. | in the case of the queen v. east sussex county council and the disability rights commission [2003] the position in english and european law with regard to the rights of disabled people to be lifted manually in their homes was reviewed. the judgement also reviewed the position with regard to the risks posed to carers when they manually lift. the judgement stated that where the human rights of disabled people were in issue--where their article 8 right to "dignity" was offended--then carers would i ... | 2004 | 15150462 |
| attitudes to self-sampling for hpv among indian, pakistani, african-caribbean and white british women in manchester, uk. | to examine attitudes to self-sampling for human papillomavirus (hpv) testing among women from contrasting ethnic groups. | 2004 | 15153323 |
| epidemiological features of a new strain of the influenza a virus--influenza a (h1n2) circulating in england and its public health implications. | the uk influenza season of 2001/2002 was characterized by widespread geographic circulation of a new subtype of influenza a (h1n2) virus throughout the duration of the season. younger children were predominantly infected, suggesting primary infection. despite this, the public health impact of this new virus was minimal. it remains to be seen whether influenza a (h1n2) virus will persist and co-circulate with the previously circulating subtypes of influenza a (h1n1 and h3n2), or whether it was a ... | 2004 | 15163488 |
| prenatal screening for down syndrome: the problem of recurrent false-positives. | it has been reported that, in prenatal screening programmes for down syndrome, women who have false-positive results in one pregnancy have an increased risk of a false-positive result in a subsequent pregnancy. we examined the effect of this in the screening programme conducted from the wolfson institute of preventive medicine with a view to determining the magnitude of the effect, and to describe a method of avoiding the problem. | 2004 | 15164416 |
| the nearest relative in mental health law. | this article considers the concept of the 'nearest relative' in mental health law in england and wales and argues, inter alia, for its retention in a way that avoids violation of the european convention on human rights and the human rights act 1998. it looks, first, at the meaning of nearest relative and then focuses on his/her role today, including its link with advance directives for mental health care, and on the tension between nearest relatives and approved social workers and the law. the p ... | 2004 | 15176627 |
| like a frog in boiling water: the public, the hfea and sex selection. | this paper analyses the british human fertilisation and embryology authority's 2002 public consultation on sex selection, a consultation that was mainly concerned with sex selection for non-medical reasons. based on a close reading of the consultation document and questionnaire it is argued that the consultation is biased towards certain outcomes and can most plausibly be construed as an attempt not to investigate but to influence public opinion. | 2004 | 15186078 |
| john wyclif on body and mind. | 2003 | 15190908 | |
| a cohort study of the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in older people, performed using the united kingdom general practice research database. | the effectiveness of influenza vaccination against hospitalization and death can only ethically be assessed in observational studies. a concern is that individuals who are vaccinated are healthier than individuals who are not vaccinated, potentially biasing estimates of effectiveness upward. | 2004 | 15195237 |
| maternal serum screening for trisomy 21 in women with a false positive result in last pregnancy. | maternal serum screening for down syndrome is a common practice in the united kingdom. a number of factors have been shown to influence the chance of a false positive test result. analysis of routinely collated information stored on an electronic database in a district general hospital has shown that women with a previous false positive maternal screen are at much greater chance of having a false positive result in their next pregnancy. overall, there was a fivefold increased risk attributed to ... | 2004 | 15203574 |
| sporadic cryptosporidiosis, north cumbria, england, 1996-2000. | risk factors for sporadic cryptosporidiosis were determined in 152 patients and 466 unmatched controls who resided in two local government districts in north cumbria, north west england, from march 1, 1996, to february 29, 2000. risk was associated with the usual daily volume of cold unboiled tap water drunk (odds ratio [or] 1.40, 95% confidence intervals [ci] 1.14 to 1.71 per pint consumed per day [p = 0.001]) and short visits to farms (or 2.02, 95% ci 1.04 to 3.90, p = 0.04). fifty-six (84%) o ... | 2004 | 15207050 |
| gastrointestinal manifestations of postnatal cytomegalovirus infection in infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit over a five year period. | sixteen cases of postnatal cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection were identified in a neonatal intensive care unit population over a five year period. eleven of these infants had gastrointestinal signs at the time of presentation. these ranged from minor and transient (abdominal distension and enteral feed intolerance) to severe and life threatening (protein losing enteropathy, diarrhoea, and hypernatraemic dehydration). an initial diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis was common, but no infant showe ... | 2004 | 15210678 |
| living and dying in georgian london's lying-in hospitals. | this article uses previously untapped archival sources to revise the dominant, negative view of london's eighteenth-century maternity hospitals, by reconstructing daily life at the british lying-in hospital. though the hospital in fact helped to support women's work as midwives, its institutional practices altered the experience of childbirth both negatively and positively, which inspired rumors, criticism, and inflammatory published attacks. the article illuminates how two unrecognized events i ... | 2004 | 15211051 |
| laparoscopic hand-assisted pancreaticoduodenectomy: initial uk experience. | by and large, the limited world experience with laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (pd) has been unfavorable, but the laparoscopic hand-assisted approach to pd has recently shown promising results. we report the first successful uk experience with laparoscopic hand-assisted pd (lhapd). | 2004 | 15214369 |
| recruiting london gay men into an hiv vaccine trial: is it feasible? | this paper describes a study among hiv-negative gay men in london to examine willingness to volunteer for an hiv vaccine trial. hiv-negative gay men (n=506) were surveyed in central london gyms in february-march 2002. information was collected on willingness to volunteer for an hiv vaccine trial, attitudes toward hiv vaccines and sexual risk behaviour. men reporting unprotected anal intercourse (uai) in the previous three months with a man of unknown or discordant hiv status were classified as b ... | 2004 | 15223525 |
| a conversation with dr anne mclaren, dbe, dphil, frs, frcog. | anne mclaren is one of the world's foremost developmental biologists; a leader in elucidating the principles of early mammalian development whose research has underpinned advances in reproductive medicine and the treatment of infertility. after undergraduate and postgraduate studies at oxford university and postdoctoral work in london, she was for 15 years at the institute of animal genetics in edinburgh followed by 18 years as director of the mrc mammalian development unit in london. she is cur ... | 2004 | 15223756 |
| 4th meeting of the eu research network eurome: from the identification of genes and cellular networks in murine models of arthritis to novel therapeutic intervention strategies in rheumatoid arthritis, london, uk, 9 march 2004. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is a common human disease with a prevalence of about 1% in most parts of the world. at the time of symptom onset it is difficult to predict the severity of subsequent disease course. after 2 years joint erosions are seen in most patients, and most patients become clinically disabled within 20 years. a recent meeting at the kennedy institute of rheumatology (imperial college, london) brought together representatives from several european centres of excellence, to discuss ... | 2004 | 15225359 |
| organisational accidents investigation methodology and lessons learned. | the purpose of this paper is to reflect on accident analysis methods. as the understanding of industrial accidents and incidents has evolved, they are no longer considered as the sole product of human and/or technical failures but also as originating in an unfavourable organisational context. after presenting some theoretical developments which are responsible for this evolution, we will propose two examples of organisational accidents and incidents. we will then present some properties of organ ... | 2004 | 15231360 |
| streptococcus milleri group bacteraemia in north yorkshire, england (1989-2000). | though carriage and local infection with organisms of the streptococcus milleri group (smg) are regular in clinical practice, bacteraemia is infrequent in man. the objective of the present study was to give an account of our experience with the smg bacteraemia over a period of 12 yr in north yorkshire. | 2004 | 15232186 |
| different levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and chlorinated compounds in breast milk from two u.k. regions. | polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) congeners are constituents of flame retardants, and there is growing concern regarding their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. we collected breast milk samples between late 2001 and early 2003 from 54 u.k.-resident mothers. of these, 27 originated from southeast england (london), and the other 27 originated from northwest england (lancaster). analysis of milk-fat extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed to determine the levels ... | 2004 | 15238282 |
| how should we amend the human tissue act 1961? | 2004 | 15239572 | |
| human tissue retention. | 2004 | 15239573 | |
| pulsed-field electrophoretic fingerprinting of salmonella indiana and its epidemiological applicability. | eight xba i-generated pulsed-field profile (pfp) types and four subtypes within one of the most common pfp types have been identified in salmonella indiana from patients, poultry and human food in england and wales in the three-year period from january 1994 to december 1996. two pfp types have predominated, pfp x1 and pfp x2. although the pfp x1 type was identified throughout the study period, the pfp x2 type was not identified until late 1995, subsequently becoming the most common pfp type in h ... | 1998 | 15244064 |
| a clinical service in the uk to predict fetal rh (rhesus) d blood group using free fetal dna in maternal plasma. | antenatal determination of fetal blood group is important in pregnancies with a significant risk of hemolytic anemia due to maternal alloimmunization. the international blood group reference laboratory (part of the national blood service) in bristol, uk, provides a fetal blood group genotyping service to obstetricians caring for immunized pregnant women with heterozygous partners. since 2001, fetal d typing has been offered using free fetal dna in maternal plasma. real-time polymerase chain reac ... | 2004 | 15251949 |
| the sooterkin doctor: the london career of john maubray, md (1700-1732), "andro-boethogynist". | dr john maubray (1700-1732) was one of the most prominent man-midwives of georgian london. his emphasis on the importance of physical examination and a combination of theoretical and practical teaching seems to have foreshadowed later methods of training in midwifery. his espousal of the non-instrumental deventerian system of obstetrics and his activities in the parish of st george's, hanover square in london, identified him with the dominant whig party. although he failed to acquire a major pat ... | 2004 | 15257350 |
| immunity and exposure to hepatitis a virus in pre-adolescent children from a multi-ethnic inner city area. | seroprevalence data among ethnic minority groups within england and wales are rare. an opportunistic approach was taken to test residual oral fluid, collected from pre-adolescent school children from an ethnically diverse region of northwest england, for anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igg. individual data on ethnicity and country of birth were also available. of the 257 children who consented to participate, 62% were of south asian ethnic origin. the overall seroprevalence was 18.8%, higher than 1 ... | 2004 | 15259416 |
| conceptual precursors to language. | because human languages vary in sound and meaning, children must learn which distinctions their language uses. for speech perception, this learning is selective: initially infants are sensitive to most acoustic distinctions used in any language, and this sensitivity reflects basic properties of the auditory system rather than mechanisms specific to language; however, infants' sensitivity to non-native sound distinctions declines over the course of the first year. here we ask whether a similar pr ... | 2004 | 15269769 |
| rosy and jim: the mystery of the double helix. | 2004 | 15282909 | |
| caring for people with learning disability using care management. | current government health policy is moving towards the delivery of services for clients with a learning disability through mainstream primary care services. at present there are difficulties in providing health services that meet the needs of clients. these include lack of resources (financial, physical and human), time and expertise. yet clients with learning disabilities often have some of the most complex physical and mental health needs and they have a right to expect access to services that ... | 2004 | 15284646 |
| lack of a genetic association between the frizzled-3 gene and schizophrenia in a british population. | in recent studies, the frizzled-3 (fzd3) locus was found to be associated with schizophrenia in both japanese and chinese populations. to validate the initial finding, we detected three single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) present in a 10-kb segment of dna at the fzd3 locus, as described in a previous study with a chinese population. we totally recruited 120 british family trios consisting of fathers, mothers and affected offspring with schizophrenia. the transmission disequilibrium test (tdt) ... | 2004 | 15288446 |
| man wins battle to keep receiving life support. | 2004 | 15297329 | |
| evidence of admixture from haplotyping in an epidemiological study of uk caucasian males: implications for association analyses. | cohort and case-control genetic association studies offer the greatest power to detect small genotypic influences on disease phenotypes, relative to family-based designs. however, genetic subdivisions could confound studies involving unrelated individuals, but the topic has been little investigated. we examined geographical and interallelic association of snp and microsatellite haplotypes of the y chromosome, of regions of chromosome 11, and of autosomal snp genotypes relevant to cardiovascular ... | 2004 | 15297808 |
| a chimeric bovine enteric calicivirus: evidence for genomic recombination in genogroup iii of the norovirus genus of the caliciviridae. | the norovirus genus of the caliciviridae encompasses viruses that cause outbreaks of gastroenteritis in human and viruses that have been associated with diarrhea in cattle. the two bovine noroviruses, bo/newbury2/76/uk and bo/jena/80/de, represent two distinct genetic clusters in the newly described genogroup iii. in the present study, jena-like polymerase sequences were identified for the first time in the uk, but one of these, bo/thirsk10/00/uk, was a chimeric virus. bo/thirsk10/00/uk had a je ... | 2004 | 15302209 |
| snca multiplication is not a common cause of parkinson disease or dementia with lewy bodies. | the authors recently have shown that triplication of the alpha-synuclein gene (snca) can cause parkinson disease (pd) and diffuse lewy body disease within the same kindred. the authors assessed 101 familial pd probands, 325 sporadic pd cases, 65 patients with dementia with lewy bodies, and 366 neurologically normal control subjects for snca multiplication. the authors did not identify any subjects with multiplication of snca and conclude this mutation is a rare cause of disease. | 2004 | 15304594 |
| an outbreak due to peanuts in their shell caused by salmonella enterica serotypes stanley and newport--sharing molecular information to solve international outbreaks. | salmonellosis is a global problem caused by the international movement of foods and high incidence in exporting countries. in september 2001, in an outbreak investigation australia isolated salmonella stanley from imported peanuts, which resulted in a wider investigation in canada, england & wales and scotland. patients infected with salmonella serotypes known to be isolated from peanuts and reported to surveillance systems were interviewed to determine exposure histories. tagged image file form ... | 2004 | 15310157 |
| newcastle centre gains licence for therapeutic cloning. | 2004 | 15321886 | |
| is mad cow disease caused by a bacteria? | transmissible spongioform enchephalopathies (tse's), include bovine spongiform encephalopathy (also called bse or "mad cow disease"), creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) in humans, and scrapie in sheep. they remain a mystery, their cause hotly debated. but between 1994 and 1996, 12 people in england came down with cjd, the human form of mad cow, and all had eaten beef from suspect cows. current mad cow diagnosis lies solely in the detection of late appearing "prions", an acronym for hypothesized, ge ... | 2004 | 15325025 |
| bridging between basic theory and clinical practice. | this paper articulates and discusses the parts played by different processes and representations in the overall conduct of applied clinical science. it distinguishes two sorts of representation, theories in the science base and bridging representations needed to map from real world behaviour to basic theory and from theory back to the real world. it is then argued that macro-theories of the "normal" human mental architecture could help synthesise basic theoretical accounts of diverse psychopatho ... | 2004 | 15325897 |
| linkage analysis of the genetic loci for high myopia on 18p, 12q, and 17q in 51 u.k. families. | to determine the extent to which high myopia in a cohort of 51 u.k. families can be attributed to currently identified genetic loci. | 2004 | 15326098 |
| seroepidemiology of group c rotavirus infection in england and wales. | a total of 3199 serum samples collected in 1993--1994 from two population cohorts from england and wales were tested for the prevalence of igg antibodies specifically directed against group c rotavirus vp6. seroprevalence was 39% (95% confidence intervals: 37.0-40.4%). seroprevalence was highest (46.0%) in the oldest age group (61-70 years of age). infection with group c rotaviruses occurred at an earlier age and with higher incidence in rural than in urban populations. these results may suggest ... | 2004 | 15330133 |
| man wins battle to keep receiving life support: pro-choice living wills are essential. | 2004 | 15331491 | |
| man wins battle to keep receiving life support: doctors must always give patients best possible care. | 2004 | 15331492 | |
| herpes simplex virus infection of the central nervous system in human immunodeficiency virus-type 1-infected patients. | we report clinical, radiological and virological data from nine consecutive hiv-infected patients with herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection of the central nervous system (cns). three patients presented with confusion, two with fever and headache, two with anxiety and depression, one with slow mentation and memory loss and one with expressive dysphasia. five patients had previous aids-defining diagnoses: four of these five patients had previous cutaneous hsv infection. hsv dna was detected by the ... | 2004 | 15339367 |
| microbiological water quality in a large in-building, water recycling facility. | the thames water recycling plant at the millennium dome, london, reclaimed three sources of water: greywater from the washbasins, rainwater from the dome roof and groundwater from a borehole on site. these were pre-treated separately, and the mixed stream filtered using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. monitoring for indicator microorganisms was undertaken throughout the plant and in the reclaimed water distribution system, as well as ad-hoc monitoring for the presence of pathogens ... | 2004 | 15344787 |
| breast cancer incidence and its possible spatial association with pesticide application in two counties of england. | this study examines the spatial distribution of breast cancer incidence in lincolnshire and leicestershire, and its association with the application of selected pesticides. | 2004 | 15351225 |
| managing errors in radiology: a working model. | to develop a practical mechanism for reviewing reporting discrepancies as addressed in the royal college of radiologists publication "to err is human. the case for review of reporting discrepancies". | 2004 | 15351251 |
| virtual interactive practice: a strategy to enhance learning and competence in health care students. | this paper reports the processes and initial outcomes of a pilot study which investigated a week long 'virtual' children's ward experience for nursing students. providing sufficient and meaningful experiences which enable students to quickly and effectively achieve competence in diverse areas of practice is often frustrated by the realities of available clinical experiences. our response to this challenge was to more fully exploit and evaluate technologies which can be used to provide these lear ... | 2004 | 15360937 |
| investigating the environmental transport of human pharmaceuticals to streams in the united kingdom. | the occurrence of 12 selected pharmaceutical compounds and pharmaceutical compound metabolites in sewage treatment works (stw) effluents and surface waters was investigated. the substances selected for the monitoring programme were identified by a risk ranking procedure to identify those substances with the greatest potential to pose a risk to the aquatic environment. stw final effluent and surface water samples were collected from corby, great billing, east hyde, harpenden and ryemeads stws. te ... | 2004 | 15364527 |
| an early illustrated comparative anatomy of the brain: samuel collins' a systeme of anatomy (1685) and the emergence of comparative neurology in 17th century england. | the concept of comparing of the brains of various animals and of individual human brains was launched in the last half of the 17th century in england and was much influenced by the formation of the european scientific societies and their attempts to guide naturalist observations into a new systematics. an ambitious attempt to document this trend in an extensively illustrated work of encyclopedic pretensions was the singular publication of samuel collins (1618-1710), an energetic anatomist and pr ... | 2004 | 15370307 |
| 'racist abuse ruined my life'. | rosie purves, a black nurse who was prevented from looking after a white baby, won a racial discrimination claim against her employer in may this year. ms purves was awarded pounds sterling 20,000--the highest payout possible for her type of claim--after an employment tribunal ruled that southampton university hospitals nhs trust was 'effectively silent and complicit' in the racist demands made by a woman who did not want her baby treated by black staff. here ms purves tells nursing times her ha ... | 2004 | 15373153 |
| polymorphism and transcription at the p44-1/p44-18 genomic locus in anaplasma phagocytophilum strains from diverse geographic regions. | a polymorphic multigene family (p44) of anaplasma phagocytophilum encodes the immunodominant 44-kda major outer membrane proteins. with p44-specific pcr and gene-specific probes, p44-1 was found in all human isolates from new york state but not in isolates from minnesota, whereas p44-18 and two other p44 species were found in isolates from both regions. we therefore sequenced the genomic locus corresponding to the p44-1/p44-18 tandem locus of a. phagocytophilum hz in 14 other geographically dive ... | 2004 | 15385454 |
| antenatal screening for hiv; are those who refuse testing at higher risk than those who accept testing? | the uk department of health recommends that all pregnant women are offered screening for infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and had encouraged maternity units to achieve uptake targets of 90 per cent by the end of 2002. many maternity units fail to meet this target and there is concern that those women who are still refusing testing may include a higher proportion of women at high risk of infection. in consequence, those infected with hiv are not being identified and are not recei ... | 2004 | 15454598 |
| 'wonderment and dread': representations of dna in ethical disputes about forensic dna databases. | the national dna database of england & wales is the largest forensic dna database in the world. since 1995 it has quickly developed to hold the genetic profiles of over two million people. this collection of tissue samples, taken without consent from a sizeable collection of the population, has engendered a number of ethical commentaries on its legitimacy as a proportionate response to crime. this paper examines the ways in which the ethical discourses, which surround the uses of the national dn ... | 2004 | 15460615 |
| returning to the alder hey report and its reporting: addressing confusions and improving inquiries. | the royal liverpool children's inquiry investigated the circumstances leading to the removal, retention, and disposal of human tissue, including children's organs, at the royal liverpool children's nhs trust (the alder hey hospital). it recommended changes to procedures for obtaining consent for postmortems and retaining organs and tissues for research or education. however, the report contains five areas of confusion. firstly, it allowed the cultural and historical traditions of horror over the ... | 2004 | 15467079 |
| what can experience add to early medical education? consensus survey. | to provide a rationale for integrating experience into early medical education ("early experience"). | 2004 | 15472265 |
| provision of safe potable water for immunocompromised patients in hospital. | we conducted a survey of hospital drinking water provision for patients with immunocompromising conditions in 15 trusts in the north of england. ten trusts replied, reporting on provision of drinking water in 14 separate units. of these, nine provided only tap water to all patients, irrespective of underlying condition. in two units, iced water, with ice from commercially available makers, was used. five units distinguished between neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients, with the former group ... | 2004 | 15474188 |
| time-space modeling of journey-time exposure to traffic-related air pollution using gis. | journey-time exposures represent an important, though as yet little-studied, component of human exposure to traffic-related air pollution, potentially with important health effects. methods for assessing journey-time exposures, either as part of epidemiological studies or for policy assessment, are, however, poorly developed. this paper describes the development and testing of a gis-based system for modeling human journey-time exposures to traffic-related air pollution: stems (space-time exposur ... | 2005 | 15476729 |
| outcome of hiv-associated tuberculosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | the benefit of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in the treatment of patients coinfected with tuberculosis (tb) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is unclear because of concerns about treatment-related complications. | 2004 | 15478074 |
| in the shadow of hiv-htlv infection in england and wales, 1987-2001. | like human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), human t-cell leukaemia/ lymphoma viruses (htlv) i and ii are persistent retroviral infections. once infected, the lifetime risk of developing the htlv-associated diseases, malignant or inflammatory, is low (approximately 5%). for those affected, however, these diseases are debilitating, with few treatment options and a poor prognosis. surveillance of htlv infections by the communicable disease surveillance centre (cdsc) has been ongoing since serological ... | 2004 | 15481213 |
| htlv infection in england and wales in 2002--results from an enhanced national surveillance system. | human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) is a retrovirus transmitted through breastfeeding, sexual contact, blood transfusion and injecting drug use. htlv is endemic in the caribbean and parts of africa, japan and south america, with isolated foci in other areas. infection is life-long. less than 5% of those infected progress to one of the htlv-related diseases, but these are debilitating and often fatal. laboratory reports of new htlv diagnoses are followed up through clinicians to establish info ... | 2004 | 15481214 |
| quality assurance for clinical research: challenges in implementing research governance in uk hospitals. | the oversight of clinical research in the uk is currently in a state of flux. discusses the quality assurance problems that have arisen in the management of research and the protection of the rights of human participants. contrasts clinical governance and regulatory approaches to research quality assurance and performs a critical analysis of the department of health (england) research governance framework (rgf) to see where it falls within the continuum. highlights the implications for uk hospit ... | 2004 | 15481690 |
| factory's loss of licence halves supply of flu vaccine to us. | 2004 | 15485949 | |
| the eyam plague revisited: did the village isolation change transmission from fleas to pulmonary? | back in the 17th century the derbyshire village of eyam fell victim to the black death, which is thought to have arrived from london in some old clothes brought by a travelling tailor. the village population was 350 at the commencement of plague, of which only 83 survived. led by the church leaders, the village community realized that the whole surrounding region was at risk from the epidemic, and therefore decided to seal themselves off from the other surrounding villages. in the first 275 days ... | 2004 | 15488668 |
| dementia with lewy bodies: no association of polymorphisms in the human synphilin gene. | 2004 | 15490287 | |
| factors influencing increases in cd4 cell counts of hiv-positive persons receiving long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy. | highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) results in an improvement in immunologic function. we sought to investigate the factors associated with increases in cd4 cell count among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive antiretroviral-naive patients starting haart. | 2004 | 15499544 |
| mind, brain, body, and soul: a review of the electrophysiological undercurrents for dr. frankenstein. | mary shelley's frankenstein is perhaps the most famous work of medical science fiction. she and her husband, the poet percy shelley, were aware of nascent neuroscience experimentation and the effects of electricity on neuromuscular function. such experiments generated theories of voluntary, involuntary, and unconscious neuromuscular function; animal electricity; and the anima--the human vital principle. in germany and italy, investigators were performing bizarre electrical experiments on animals ... | 2004 | 15509919 |
| doctors need not ventilate baby to prolong his life. | 2004 | 15514327 | |
| a 77-kilobase region of chromosome 6p22.2 is associated with dyslexia in families from the united kingdom and from the united states. | several quantitative trait loci (qtls) that influence developmental dyslexia (reading disability [rd]) have been mapped to chromosome regions by linkage analysis. the most consistently replicated area of linkage is on chromosome 6p23-21.3. we used association analysis in 223 siblings from the united kingdom to identify an underlying qtl on 6p22.2. our association study implicates a 77-kb region spanning the gene ttrap and the first four exons of the neighboring uncharacterized gene kiaa0319. the ... | 2004 | 15514892 |
| increasing incidence of resistance to nalidixic acid in shigellas from humans in england and wales: implications for therapy. | among shigellas isolated from patients in england and wales in 2002, 10% of subgroups a, b and c, and 13% of subgroup d (shigella sonnei), were resistant to nalidixic acid. as a consequence, should antimicrobial therapy be indicated, the efficacy of nalidixic acid as the preferred treatment for children with bacillary dysentery has been jeopardised. | 2004 | 15522014 |
| tnf and tnfr polymorphisms in severe sepsis and septic shock: a prospective multicentre study. | tumour necrosis factor (tnf) is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine produced in sepsis. studies examining the association of individual tnf single nucleotide polymorphisms with sepsis have produced conflicting results. this study investigated whether common polymorphisms of the tnf locus and the two receptor genes, tnfrsf1a and tnfrsf1b, influence circulating levels of encoded proteins, and whether individual polymorphisms or extended haplotypes of these genes are associated with susceptibili ... | 2004 | 15526005 |
| cervical screening in england and wales: an update. | the national health service cervical screening programme (nhscsp) has played a major role in reducing the mortality from cervical cancer in england and wales. however, the current system has numerous shortcomings and it is likely that its success has reached a plateau. in light of this, significant changes have recently been made to the programme. these alterations, as well as further potential developments, are considered here. | 2004 | 15534446 |
| is influenza vaccination cost effective for healthy people between ages 65 and 74 years? a randomised controlled trial. | the aim of this study was to determine the cost effectiveness of influenza vaccination for healthy people aged 65-74 years living in the uk. people without risk factors for influenza (chronic heart, lung or renal disease, diabetic, immunosuppressed or those living in an institution) were identified from 20 general practitioner (gp) practices in liverpool in september 1999. 729/5875 (12.4%) eligible individuals were recruited and randomised to receive either influenza vaccine or placebo (ratio 3: ... | 2004 | 15542184 |
| the nobel prize in physiology or medicine in 2003 to paul c. lauterbur, peter mansfield for magnetic resonance imaging. | imaging of human internal organs by exact and non-invasive methods is very important for medical diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. 2003 nobel laureates in physiology or medicine have made original discoveries in the use of magnetic resonance to visualize different structures. their discoveries have led to the development of modern magnetic resonance imaging, mri, which represents a breakthrough in medical diagnostics and research. atomic nuclei within a strong magnetic field rotate with a freq ... | 2004 | 15543844 |
| not for resuscitation instructions: the law for children in the uk. | case scenario: david glass, a boy of 13 years, was severely disabled with only a limited life span. his mother wished him to receive whatever medical treatment was necessary to prolong his life. following an incident in which the hospital gave the child diamorphine against the mother's wishes, family members resuscitated the child and prevented him from dying. there was a complete breakdown of trust between the family and the hospital. his mother, ms glass, sought a declaration as to the course ... | 2004 | 15549015 |
| how to deal with influenza: worthwhile surveillance system is in action. | 2004 | 15550438 | |
| [the tortuose path of human evolution]. | the human genome sequencing and also the chimpanzee's, among others alive beings in every kingdom, and the similarities between genomes, due to an unique life origin, has developed two movements in the biological sciences to the xxi century. in the first place to find a genetic explanation to understand the genomic affinity, very narrow in many cases, in front of the reality, with abyssal differences in behavior, which undervalue the significance of the genomic resemblance between the alive bein ... | 2004 | 15553404 |
| liverpool veterinary school: the first 100 years. | in 1904, liverpool veterinary school became the first uk veterinary school to be incorporated into a university. this weekend, it marks its centenary with a symposium celebrating veterinary science and its contribution to animal and human health and welfare. here, alison kraft traces the history of the school and argues that its foundation was a turning point for veterinary education in the uk. | 2004 | 15573783 |
| free speech, democracy, and eugenics. | 2004 | 15574434 | |
| de facto imprisonment and covert medication use in general nursing homes for older people in south east england. | there is growing interest in ethical issues in nursing home care, including capacity to consent to residence and covert medication use. this study assessed capacity to consent to residence amongst a group of randomly selected residents of non-specialist uk nursing homes and examined the prevalence of de facto imprisonment and covert medication. | 2004 | 15575128 |
| seasonal nutrient dynamics in a chalk stream: the river frome, dorset, uk. | chalk streams provide unique, environmentally important habitats, but are particularly susceptible to human activities, such as water abstraction, fish farming and intensive agricultural activity on their fertile flood-meadows, resulting in increased nutrient concentrations. weekly phosphorus, nitrate, dissolved silicon, chloride and flow measurements were made at nine sites along a 32 km stretch of the river frome and its tributaries, over a 15 month period. the stretch was divided into two sec ... | 2005 | 15589261 |
| the origins of intensive marine fishing in medieval europe: the english evidence. | the catastrophic impact of fishing pressure on species such as cod and herring is well documented. however, the antiquity of their intensive exploitation has not been established. systematic catch statistics are only available for ca.100 years, but large-scale fishing industries existed in medieval europe and the expansion of cod fishing from the fourteenth century (first in iceland, then in newfoundland) played an important role in the european colonization of the northwest atlantic. history ha ... | 2004 | 15590590 |
| modeling seasonal variation in indoor radon concentrations. | radon, a well-established risk factor for human lung cancer, is present at low concentrations in most homes. consequently, many countries have established national guidelines for residential radon concentrations. in this article, we evaluate two models for describing seasonal variation in residential radon concentrations based on the data from a large case-control study conducted in winnipeg, canada. in this study, radon levels in homes were monitored during two successive 6-month periods, with ... | 2005 | 15592445 |
| richard lower, m.d., physician and surgeon (1631-1691). | richard lower (1631-1691) was a follower of william harvey and conducted extensive studies of the physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. he employed surgery as a key component of his experimental work. he described and employed cardiac massage and maintained arterial oxygenation through positive-pressure respiration. making good use of these procedures, he established the role of the lungs in the "admixture of air" to the blood. lower performed exchange transfusion in dogs and ... | 2004 | 15593472 |
| association of a common variant of the casp8 gene with reduced risk of breast cancer. | apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is perturbed in many cancers. we tested the hypothesis that coding polymorphisms of the death receptor 4 (dr4), caspase-8 (casp8), and caspase-10 (casp10) genes might act as low-penetrance breast cancer genes. single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of these genes were genotyped in a series of 999 breast cancer case patients and 996 control subjects from sheffield, u.k., and in a second, independent u.k. population of 2192 case patients and 2262 control subjec ... | 2004 | 15601643 |
| mp raises new allegations against andrew wakefield. | 2004 | 15612092 | |
| employment characteristics and job loss in patients awaiting surgery on the hip or knee. | to investigate the factors, including size of organisation, associated with job loss in patients awaiting surgery to the hip or knee joint. | 2005 | 15613609 |
| "to what purpose does it think?": dreams, sick bodies and confused minds in the age of reason. | this paper investigates the debate on the nature of dreams that took place in eighteenth-century britain. focusing on the increasingly popular view of the time that perfect sleep was sleep without dreams, it examines the medicalization of dreaming that developed alongside the conceptualization of dreams as instances of mental derangement. at the end of the seventeenth century, john locke had likened dreaming to madness and drunkenness, and characterized it as a disturbance of the self. in the co ... | 2004 | 15628026 |
| cyril dean darlington: the man who 'invented' the chromosome. | cyril darlington (1903-1981) was the most famous cytologist in the world in the decades preceding the molecular revolution of the 1950s. he crossed disciplinary boundaries to create a synthesis of cytology, genetics and evolution by revealing the mechanics of chromosomal recombination and the importance of its evolution. always controversial during his lifetime, obituaries ultimately referred to him as the 'copernicus' or 'newton' of cytology. this article reviews darlington's scientific contrib ... | 2005 | 15630424 |
| seroprevalence of antibody to varicella zoster virus in england and wales in children and young adults. | this is the first large-scale study to investigate the seroprevalence of varicella zoster (vzv) in the general population of england and wales. the study focused on those aged 1-20 years, that age group in whom most infections occur. prevalence rose rapidly with age, with 53% of children showing evidence of prior infection by the age of 5 years and most young adults having experienced infection. in addition to using a fixed cut-off recommended by the manufacturer, a mixture modelling technique w ... | 2004 | 15635971 |
| temperature-driven campylobacter seasonality in england and wales. | campylobacter incidence in england and wales between 1990 and 1999 was examined in conjunction with weather conditions. over the 10-year interval, the average annual rate was determined to be 78.4 +/- 15.0 cases per 100,000, with an upward trend. rates were higher in males than in females, regardless of age, and highest in children less than 5 years old. major regional differences were detected, with the highest rates in wales and the southwest and the lowest in the southeast. the disease displa ... | 2005 | 15640174 |
| association between the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and stroke replicated in a scottish population. | cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (mi) and stroke, most often occur on the background of atherosclerosis, a condition attributed to the interactions between multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. we recently reported a linkage and association study of mi and stroke that yielded a genetic variant, hapa, in the gene encoding 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (alox5ap), that associates with both diseases in iceland. we also described another alox5ap variant, hapb, t ... | 2005 | 15640973 |
| association of r602w in a protein tyrosine phosphatase gene with a high risk of rheumatoid arthritis in a british population: evidence for an early onset/disease severity effect. | 2005 | 15641088 |