Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| use of rep- and eric-pcr to reveal genetic heterogeneity of vibrio cholerae from edible ice in jakarta, indonesia. | vibrio cholerae is the causative organism of waterborne disease, cholera. v. cholerae has caused many epidemics and pandemics of cholera for many years. in this study, v. cholerae recovered from edible ice were investigated for their genetic diversity using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) pcr and repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr. isolation was done using selective medium and the presumptive isolates were confirmed through biochemical and serological assays. | 2012 | 24576322 |
| chromosome i controls chromosome ii replication in vibrio cholerae. | control of chromosome replication involves a common set of regulators in eukaryotes, whereas bacteria with divided genomes use chromosome-specific regulators. how bacterial chromosomes might communicate for replication is not known. in vibrio cholerae, which has two chromosomes (chri and chrii), replication initiation is controlled by dnaa in chri and by rctb in chrii. dnaa has binding sites at the chri origin of replication as well as outside the origin. rctb likewise binds at the chrii origin ... | 2014 | 24586205 |
| genomic science in understanding cholera outbreaks and evolution of vibrio cholerae as a human pathogen. | modern genomic and bioinformatic approaches have been applied to interrogate the v. cholerae genome, the role of genomic elements in cholera disease, and the origin, relatedness, and dissemination of epidemic strains. a universal attribute of choleragenic strains includes a repertoire of pathogenicity islands and virulence genes, namely the ctxϕ prophage and toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) in addition to other virulent genetic elements including those referred to as seventh pandemic islands. duri ... | 2014 | 24590676 |
| a model symbiosis reveals a role for sheathed-flagellum rotation in the release of immunogenic lipopolysaccharide. | bacterial flagella mediate host-microbe interactions through tissue tropism during colonization, as well as by activating immune responses. the flagellar shaft of some bacteria, including several human pathogens, is encased in a membranous sheath of unknown function. while it has been hypothesized that the sheath may allow these bacteria to evade host responses to the immunogenic flagellin subunit, this unusual structural feature has remained an enigma. here we demonstrate that the rotation of t ... | 2014 | 24596150 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray study of tsiv3 from vibrio cholerae. | the bacterial type vi secretion system (t6ss), a dynamic organelle, participates in microbial competition by transporting toxic effector molecules to neighbouring cells to kill competitors. tsiv3, a recently defined t6ss immunity protein in vibrio cholerae, possesses self-protection against killing by t6ss predatory cells by directly binding to and inhibiting their effector protein vgrg-3. structural information about tsiv3 could help to illuminate its specific mechanism. in this study, tsiv3 fr ... | 2014 | 24598921 |
| ancient pathogen dna in archaeological samples detected with a microbial detection array. | ancient human remains of paleopathological interest typically contain highly degraded dna in which pathogenic taxa are often minority components, making sequence-based metagenomic characterization costly. microarrays may hold a potential solution to these challenges, offering a rapid, affordable, and highly informative snapshot of microbial diversity in complex samples without the lengthy analysis and/or high cost associated with high-throughput sequencing. their versatility is well established ... | 2014 | 24603850 |
| [system of activation of plasminogen in vibrio cholerae]. | study system of activation of plasminogen in vibrio cholerae. | 2014 | 24605649 |
| [phylogenetic analysis of genomes of vibrio cholerae strains isolated on the territory of rostov region]. | determination of origin of 2 vibrio cholerae strains isolated on the territory of rostov region by using full genome sequencing data. | 2014 | 24605670 |
| antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and probiotic potential of enterococcus hirae isolated from the rumen of bos primigenius. | in the present study bacterial strains were isolated from the rumen fluids of bos primigenius and investigated their in vitro probiotic properties with potent antibacterial activity and anti-inflammatory effects. 9 g positive bacterial isolates were obtained and three isolates could able to tolerate gastric conditions, high bile salt concentrations and exhibited significant bactericidal effect against the enteric pathogens vibrio cholera, enterococcus faecalis, enterobacter aerogens, pseudomonas ... | 2014 | 24609495 |
| the superintegron integrase and the cassette promoters are co-regulated in vibrio cholerae. | chromosome 2 of vibrio cholerae carries a chromosomal superintegron, composed of an integrase, a cassette integration site (atti) and an array of mostly promoterless gene cassettes. we determined the precise location of the promoter, pc, which drives the transcription of the first cassettes of the v. cholerae superintegron. we found that cassette mrna starts 65 bp upstream of the atti site, so that the inversely oriented promoters pc and pint (integrase promoter) partly overlap, allowing for the ... | 2014 | 24614503 |
| differential requirement for pbp1a and pbp1b in in vivo and in vitro fitness of vibrio cholerae. | we investigated the roles of the vibrio cholerae high-molecular-weight bifunctional penicillin binding proteins, pbp1a and pbp1b, in the fitness of this enteric pathogen. using a screen for synthetic lethality, we found that the v. cholerae pbp1a and pbp1b proteins, like their escherichia coli homologues, are each essential in the absence of the other and in the absence of the other's putative activator, the outer membrane lipoproteins lpoa and lpob, respectively. comparative analyses of v. chol ... | 2014 | 24614657 |
| on-chip detection of rolling circle amplified dna molecules from bacillus globigii spores and vibrio cholerae. | for the first time dna coils formed by rolling circle amplification are quantified on-chip by brownian relaxation measurements on magnetic nanobeads using a magnetoresistive sensor. no external magnetic fields are required besides the magnetic field arising from the current through the sensor, which makes the setup very compact. limits of detection down to 500 bacillus globigii spores and 2 pm of vibrio cholerae are demonstrated, which are on the same order of magnitude or lower than those achie ... | 2014 | 24616417 |
| microbiological, coliphages and physico-chemical assessments of the umgeni river, south africa. | the water quality of umgeni river in kwazulu-natal (south africa) was investigated from april 2011 to january 2012. indicator bacterial populations, physico-chemical properties, heavy metal contaminants and the presence of coliphages were determined according to standard protocols. the results showed that all sampling points failed to comply with the set guidelines for turbidity, total coliform, faecal coliform and total heterotrophic counts. salmonella spp., shigella spp. and vibrio cholerae we ... | 2015 | 24617904 |
| a novel and simple mixture as point-of-use water treatment agent to produce safe drinking water. | people in rural bangladesh have a poor understanding of the link between use of contaminated surface water and disease. an inexpensive point-of-use water treatment agent was developed to purify surface water. | 2014 | 24619586 |
| antibacterial and antioxidant activities in extracts of fully grown cladodes of 8 cultivars of cactus pear. | the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of some cultivars of the nopal cactus have not been determined. in this study, 8 cultivars of nopal cacti from mexico were assayed for phenolic content, antioxidant activities, and antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholera, and clostridium perfringens. plant material was washed, dried, and macerated in methanol. minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined using the broth microdilution method. antioxidant acti ... | 2014 | 24621296 |
| virstatin inhibits biofilm formation and motility of acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing infections worldwide. one reason for this emergence is due to its natural ability to survive in the hospital environment, which may be explained by its capacity to form biofilms. cell surface appendages are important determinants of the a. baumannii biofilm formation and as such constitute interesting targets to prevent the development of biofilm-related infections. a chemical agent called virstatin was recently ... | 2014 | 24621315 |
| memories of a virulent past. | studies on bacterial virulence and host-pathogen interactions usually rely on type strains isolated from human or veterinary populations. for instance, the el tor strain n16961 has been extensively used to characterize vibrio cholerae virulence, while e2348/69 is a default choice for studies on enteropathogenic e. coli interactions with host cells. subsequent to isolation, such strains are passaged under laboratory conditions in rich medium, and often genetically manipulated to induce specific m ... | 2014 | 24637797 |
| characterization of the rstb2 protein, the dna-binding protein of ctxϕ phage from vibrio cholerae. | the low abundant protein rstb2, encoded in the rs2 region of ctxϕ, is essential for prophage formation. however, the only biochemical activity so far described is the single/double-stranded dna-binding capacity of that protein. in this paper, a recombinant rstb2 (rrstb2) protein was overexpressed in e. coli with a yield of 58.4 mg l(-1) in shaken cultures, lb broth. the protein, purified to homogeneity, showed an identity with rrstb2 by peptide mass fingerprinting. the apparent molecular weight ... | 2014 | 24643345 |
| cyclo(valine-valine) inhibits vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression. | vibrio cholerae has been shown to produce a cyclic dipeptide, cyclo(phenylalanine-proline) (cfp), that functions to repress virulence factor production. the objective of this study was to determine if heterologous cyclic dipeptides could repress v. cholerae virulence factor production. to that end, three synthetic cyclic dipeptides that differed in their side chains from cfp were assayed for virulence inhibitory activity in v. cholerae. the results revealed that cyclo(valine-valine) (cvv) inhibi ... | 2014 | 24644247 |
| cholera toxin production during anaerobic trimethylamine n-oxide respiration is mediated by stringent response in vibrio cholerae. | as a facultative anaerobe, vibrio cholerae can grow by anaerobic respiration. production of cholera toxin (ct), a major virulence factor of v. cholerae, is highly promoted during anaerobic growth using trimethylamine n-oxide (tmao) as an alternative electron acceptor. here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of tmao-stimulated ct production and uncovered the crucial involvement of stringent response in this process. v. cholerae 7th pandemic strain n16961 produced a significantly elevated l ... | 2014 | 24648517 |
| the challenges and successes of implementing a sustainable antimicrobial resistance surveillance programme in nepal. | antimicrobial resistance (amr) is a major global public health concern and its surveillance is a fundamental tool for monitoring the development of amr. in 1998, the nepalese ministry of health (moh) launched an infectious disease (id) programme. the key components of the programme were to establish a surveillance programme for amr and to develop awareness among physicians regarding amr and rational drug usage in nepal. | 2014 | 24650008 |
| survivability and molecular variation in vibrio cholerae from epidemic sites in china. | the survival behaviour of vibrio cholerae in cholera epidemics, together with its attributes of virulence-associated genes and molecular fingerprints, are significant for managing cholera epidemics. here, we selected five strains representative of v. cholerae o1 and o139 involved in cholera events, examined their survival capacity in large volumes of water sampled from epidemic sites of a 2005 cholera outbreak, and determined virulence-associated genes and molecular subtype changes of the surviv ... | 2015 | 24650354 |
| from escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin to mammalian endogenous guanylin hormones. | the isolation of heat-stable enterotoxin (sta) from escherichia coli and cholera toxin from vibrio cholerae has increased our knowledge of specific mechanisms of action that could be used as pharmacological tools to understand the guanylyl cyclase-c and the adenylyl cyclase enzymatic systems. these discoveries have also been instrumental in increasing our understanding of the basic mechanisms that control the electrolyte and water balance in the gut, kidney, and urinary tracts under normal condi ... | 2014 | 24652326 |
| vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen. | vibrio fluvialis is a pathogen commonly found in coastal environs. considering recent increase in numbers of diarrheal outbreaks and sporadic extraintestinal cases, v. fluvialis has been considered as an emerging pathogen. though this pathogen can be easily isolated by existing culture methods, its identification is still a challenging problem due to close phenotypic resemblance either with vibrio cholerae or aeromonas spp. however, using molecular tools, it is easy to identify v. fluvialis from ... | 2014 | 24653717 |
| structural fold and binding sites of the human na⁺-phosphate cotransporter napi-ii. | phosphate plays essential biological roles and its plasma level in humans requires tight control to avoid bone loss (insufficiency) or vascular calcification (excess). intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of phosphate are mediated by members of the slc34 family of sodium-coupled transporters (napi-iia,b,c) whose membrane expression is regulated by various hormones, circulating proteins, and phosphate itself. consequently, napi-ii proteins are also potentially important pharmaceutical tar ... | 2014 | 24655502 |
| comparative analysis of different oral approaches to treat vibrio cholerae infection in adult mice. | in this study, we have established an oral phage cocktail therapy in adult mice model and also performed a comparative analysis between phage cocktail, antibiotic and oral rehydration treatment for orally developed vibrio cholerae infection. four groups of mice were orally infected with vibrio cholerae mak 757 strain. phage cocktail and antibiotic treated groups received 1×10(8) plaque forming unit/ml (once a daily) and 40mg/kg (once a daily) as an oral dose respectively for consecutive three da ... | 2014 | 24656386 |
| vibrio cholerae persisted in microcosm for 700 days inhibits motility but promotes biofilm formation in nutrient-poor lake water microcosms. | toxigenic vibrio cholerae, ubiquitous in aquatic environments, is responsible for cholera; humans can become infected after consuming food and/or water contaminated with the bacterium. the underlying basis of persistence of v. cholerae in the aquatic environment remains poorly understood despite decades of research. we recently described a "persister" phenotype of v. cholerae that survived in nutrient-poor "filter sterilized" lake water (fslw) in excess of 700-days. previous reports suggest that ... | 2014 | 24667909 |
| structure of bacterial cytoplasmic chemoreceptor arrays and implications for chemotactic signaling. | most motile bacteria sense and respond to their environment through a transmembrane chemoreceptor array whose structure and function have been well-studied, but many species also contain an additional cluster of chemoreceptors in their cytoplasm. although the cytoplasmic cluster is essential for normal chemotaxis in some organisms, its structure and function remain unknown. here we use electron cryotomography to image the cytoplasmic chemoreceptor cluster in rhodobacter sphaeroides and vibrio ch ... | 2014 | 24668172 |
| identification of in vivo regulators of the vibrio cholerae xds gene using a high-throughput genetic selection. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, remains a threat to public health in areas with inadequate sanitation. as a waterborne pathogen, v. cholerae moves between two dissimilar environments, aquatic reservoirs and the intestinal tract of humans. accordingly, this pathogen undergoes adaptive shifts in gene expression throughout the different stages of its lifecycle. one particular gene, xds, encodes a secreted exonuclease that was previously identified as being induced during infection. ... | 2014 | 24673931 |
| construction and characterization of a vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 vaccine candidate by genetic engineering. | the present study aimed to construct and evaluate the live attenuated vibrio cholerae serogroup o139 vaccine candidate, in which genes encoding protective antigens were integrated into the chromosomal dna. using the initial strain, o139-zj9693, the toxin-linked cryptic (tlc) and cholera toxin (ctx) genetic elements and repeats in the toxin (rtx) gene cluster were deleted from its chromosomal dna, and the cholera toxin genes, ctxb and rstr, were transferred into the chromosome to construct the ca ... | 2014 | 24676972 |
| [development of both multiple pcr and real-time sybr green pcr for the detection of vibrio cholerae non-o1/o139 serogroups]. | to develop methodology of both multiple pcr and real-time sybr green pcr for the detection of vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) serogroups non-o1 and non-o139. | 2014 | 24685041 |
| vibrio cholerae-induced inflammation in the neonatal mouse cholera model. | vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the acute diarrheal disease of cholera. innate immune responses to v. cholerae are not a major cause of cholera pathology, which is characterized by severe, watery diarrhea induced by the action of cholera toxin. innate responses may, however, contribute to resolution of infection and must be required to initiate adaptive responses after natural infection and oral vaccination. here we investigated whether a well-established infant mouse model of cholera ... | 2014 | 24686062 |
| the vibrio cholerae type vi secretion system employs diverse effector modules for intraspecific competition. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen that consists of over 200 serogroups with differing pathogenic potential. only strains that express the virulence factors cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) are capable of pandemic spread of cholera diarrhoea. regardless, all v. cholerae strains sequenced to date harbour genes for the type vi secretion system (t6ss) that translocates effectors into neighbouring eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. here we report that the effect ... | 2014 | 24686479 |
| immune responses to o-specific polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa in adult bangladeshi recipients of an oral killed cholera vaccine and comparison to responses in patients with cholera. | protective immunity to cholera is serogroup specific, and serogrouping is defined by the o-specific polysaccharide (osp) of lipopolysaccharide (lps). we characterized osp-specific immune responses in adult recipients of an oral killed cholera vaccine (ocv wc-rbs) and compared these with responses in patients with cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa. although vaccinees developed plasma immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, iga antibody and antibody secreting cell (asc, marker of mucosal response) t ... | 2014 | 24686738 |
| quorum regulatory small rnas repress type vi secretion in vibrio cholerae. | type vi secretion is critical for vibrio cholerae to successfully combat phagocytic eukaryotes and to survive in the presence of competing bacterial species. v. cholerae type vi secretion system genes are encoded in one large and two small clusters. in v. cholerae, type vi secretion is controlled by quorum sensing, the cell-cell communication process that enables bacteria to orchestrate group behaviours. the quorum-sensing response regulator luxo represses type vi secretion genes at low cell den ... | 2014 | 24698180 |
| genomic and phenotypic characterization of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolates from a us gulf coast cholera outbreak. | between november 2010, and may 2011, eleven cases of cholera, unrelated to a concurrent outbreak on the island of hispaniola, were recorded, and the causative agent, vibrio cholerae serogroup o75, was traced to oysters harvested from apalachicola bay, florida. from the 11 diagnosed cases, eight isolates of v. cholerae were isolated and their genomes were sequenced. genomic analysis demonstrated the presence of a suite of mobile elements previously shown to be involved in the disease process of c ... | 2014 | 24699521 |
| molecular mechanism for self-protection against the type vi secretion system in vibrio cholerae. | vgrg proteins form the spike of the type vi secretion system (t6ss) syringe-like complex. vgrg3 of vibrio cholerae degrades the peptidoglycan cell wall of rival bacteria via its c-terminal region (vgrg3c) through its muramidase activity. vgrg3c consists of a peptidoglycan-binding domain (vgrg3c(pgb)) and a putative catalytic domain (vgrg3c(cd)), and its activity can be inhibited by its immunity protein partner tsiv3. here, the crystal structure of v. cholerae vgrg3c(cd) in complex with tsiv3 is ... | 2014 | 24699653 |
| sequencing of bacterial genomes: principles and insights into pathogenesis and development of antibiotics. | the impact of bacterial diseases on public health has become enormous, and is partly due to the increasing trend of antibiotic resistance displayed by bacterial pathogens. sequencing of bacterial genomes has significantly improved our understanding about the biology of many bacterial pathogens as well as identification of novel antibiotic targets. since the advent of genome sequencing two decades ago, about 1,800 bacterial genomes have been fully sequenced and these include important aetiologica ... | 2013 | 24705262 |
| proteomic analysis of vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) produced by gram-negative bacteria provide an interesting research material for defining cell-envelope proteins without experimental cell disruption. omvs are also promising immunogenic platforms and may play important roles in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. we used in-solution trypsin digestion coupled to mass spectrometry to identify 90 proteins present in omvs of vibrio cholerae when grown under conditions that activate the tcp pilus virulence regulatory p ... | 2014 | 24706774 |
| cholera outbreaks in the el tor biotype era and the impact of the new el tor variants. | vibrio cholerae o1, the causative agent of the disease cholera, has two biotypes namely the classical and el tor. biotype is a subspecific taxonomic classification of v. cholerae o1. differentiation of v. cholerae strains into biotype does not alter the clinical management of cholera but is of immense public health and epidemiological importance in identifying the source and spread of infection, particularly when v. cholerae is first isolated in a country or geographic area. from recorded histor ... | 2014 | 24710767 |
| multidrug transport protein norm from vibrio cholerae simultaneously couples to sodium- and proton-motive force. | membrane transporters belonging to the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family mediate the efflux of unrelated pharmaceuticals from the interior of the cell in organisms ranging from bacteria to human. these proteins are thought to fall into two classes that couple substrate efflux to the influx of either na(+) or h(+). we studied the energetics of drug extrusion by norm from vibrio cholerae in proteoliposomes in which purified norm protein was functionally reconstituted in an inside-out o ... | 2014 | 24711447 |
| a two-tube multiplex reverse transcription pcr assay for simultaneous detection of viral and bacterial pathogens of infectious diarrhea. | diarrhea caused by viral and bacterial infections is a major health problem in developing countries. the purpose of this study is to develop a two-tube multiplex pcr assay using automatic electrophoresis for simultaneous detection of 13 diarrhea-causative viruses or bacteria, with an intended application in provincial centers for diseases control and prevention, china. the assay was designed to detect rotavirus a, norovirus genogroups gi and gii, human astrovirus, enteric adenoviruses, and human ... | 2014 | 24711998 |
| bacterial outer membrane vesicles and vaccine applications. | vaccines based on outer membrane vesicles (omv) were developed more than 20 years ago against neisseria meningitidis serogroup b. these nano-sized structures exhibit remarkable potential for immunomodulation of immune responses and delivery of meningococcal antigens or unrelated antigens incorporated into the vesicle structure. this paper reviews different applications in omv research and development (r&d) and provides examples of omv developed and evaluated at the finlay institute in cuba. a go ... | 2014 | 24715891 |
| evaluation of anticoagulants for serologic assays of cholera vaccination. | blood collected with an anticoagulant is beneficial for simultaneous evaluation of immune cells and humoral components such as antibodies. however, it is critical that the anticoagulant does not affect quantitative and qualitative analyses of antibodies. in the present study, we examined the potential interference of the widely used anticoagulants heparin, edta, and acid citrate dextrose (acd) on vibriocidal antibody activities and vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps)-specific igg, igm, and ... | 2014 | 24717970 |
| outer membrane protein ompw is the receptor for typing phage vp5 in the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype. | phage typing is used for the subtyping of clones of epidemic bacteria. in this study, we identified the outer membrane protein ompw as the receptor for phage vp5, one of the typing phages for the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype. a characteristic 11-bp deletion in ompw was observed in all epidemic strains resistant to vp5, suggesting that this mutation event can be used as a tracing marker in cholera surveillance. | 2014 | 24719419 |
| ctx prophages in vibrio cholerae o1 strains. | the classical biotype strains of the vibrio cholerae o1 serogroup harbor the biotype-specific cholera-toxin encoding phage (ctx) ctx(cla), and the el tor biotype strains contain ctx-1. although the classical biotype strains have become extinct, a remnant of classical ctx phage is transferred to the el tor biotype strains. the prototype el tor strains, which produce the biotype-specific cholera toxin, are now being replaced by atypical el tor variant strains producing classical biotype cholera to ... | 2014 | 24722374 |
| thermodynamic properties of the effector domains of martx toxins suggest their unfolding for translocation across the host membrane. | martx (multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin) family toxins are produced by vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, aeromonas hydrophila and other gram-negative bacteria. effector domains of martx toxins cross the cytoplasmic membrane of a host cell through a putative pore formed by the toxin's glycine-rich repeats. the structure of the pore is unknown and the translocation mechanism of the effector domains is poorly understood. we examined the thermodynamic stability of the effector domai ... | 2014 | 24724536 |
| cellulose acetate phthalate microparticles containing vibrio cholerae: steps toward an oral cholera vaccine. | oral cholera vaccine (ocv) has been recommended in some endemic areas and epidemic situations since 1999. although safe and effective vaccines are currently on the market, the burden of transport and storage remains an issue. herein, we report an approach to develop an alternative ocv in the form of a gastro-resistant powder. heat-killed vibrio cholerae (vc) was encapsulated with a spray-drying technique at different temperatures. cellulose acetate phthalate (aquacoat® cpd) was chosen as the cor ... | 2014 | 24731056 |
| multiplex pcr assays for the detection of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae with an internal amplification control. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that can simultaneously detect 4 major vibrio spp., vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, and vibrio cholerae, in the presence of an internal amplification control (iac) was developed. species-specific pcr primers were designed based on the gyrb gene for v. alginolyticus, the collagenase gene for v. parahaemolyticus, the vvha gene for v. vulnificus, and the ompw gene for v. cholerae. additionally, an iac primer pair wa ... | 2014 | 24731836 |
| vibrio vulnificus phage pv94 is closely related to temperate phages of v. cholerae and other vibrio species. | vibrio vulnificus is an important pathogen which can cause serious infections in humans. yet, there is limited knowledge on its virulence factors and the question whether temperate phages might be involved in pathogenicity, as is the case with v. cholerae. thus far, only two phages (ssp002 and vvaw1) infecting v. vulnificus have been genetically characterized. these phages were isolated from the environment and are not related to vibrio cholerae phages. the lack of information on temperate v. vu ... | 2014 | 24732980 |
| the type ii secretion pathway in vibrio cholerae is characterized by growth phase-dependent expression of exoprotein genes and is positively regulated by σe. | vibrio cholerae, an etiological agent of cholera, circulates between aquatic reservoirs and the human gastrointestinal tract. the type ii secretion (t2s) system plays a pivotal role in both stages of the lifestyle by exporting multiple proteins, including cholera toxin. here, we studied the kinetics of expression of genes encoding the t2s system and its cargo proteins. we have found that under laboratory growth conditions, the t2s complex was continuously expressed throughout v. cholerae growth, ... | 2014 | 24733097 |
| genome-wide fitness and genetic interactions determined by tn-seq, a high-throughput massively parallel sequencing method for microorganisms. | the lagging annotation of bacterial genomes and the inherent genetic complexity of many phenotypes is hindering the discovery of new drug targets and the development of new antimicrobial agents and vaccines. this unit presents tn-seq, a method that has made it possible to quantitatively determine fitness for most genes in a microorganism and to screen for quantitative genetic interactions on a genome-wide scale and in a high-throughput fashion. tn-seq can thus direct studies on the annotation of ... | 2014 | 24733243 |
| [the establishment of a novel method of nano-immunomagnetic separation and real-time pcr for detecting vibrio cholerae from seafood]. | a novel method of nano-immunomagnetic separation (nano-ims) plus real-time pcr was established for detecting vibrio cholerae. | 2014 | 24746009 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa el tor strains with the ctxb7 allele driving cholera outbreaks in south-western india in 2012. | cholera has been a recurrent epidemic disease in human populations for the past 200years. we present herein a comparative characterization of clinical vibrio cholerae strains isolated from two consecutive cholera outbreaks in 2012 and associated environmental strains from western india. the clinical and toxigenic environmental isolates were identified as hybrid v. cholerae o1, serotype ogawa, biotype el tor carrying the variant ctxb7 allele. partial sequences of sxt integrase from the isolates r ... | 2014 | 24747608 |
| safety and immunogenicity assessment of an oral cholera vaccine through phase i clinical trial in korea. | the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of an oral cholera vaccine (ocv) was assessed in adult korean male through an open-label, non-comparative clinical study. two doses of vaccine with an interval of 2 weeks were given to 20 healthy subjects. a total of 7 adverse events occurred in 6 subjects. however, no clinically significant change was observed in electrocardiograms, vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory tests. the immunogenicity of ocv was evaluated by serum vibr ... | 2014 | 24753695 |
| spectroscopic investigations, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity of green synthesized gold nanoparticles. | the gold nanoparticles (aunps) were synthesized by using naturally available punica granatum fruit extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. the biosynthesized aunps was characterized by using uv-vis, fluorescence, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem), x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared (ftir) and thermogravimetric (tga) analysis. the surface plasmon resonance (spr) band at 585nm confirmed the reduction of auric chloride to aunps. the crystalline nature of t ... | 2014 | 24755638 |
| [genovariants of the cholera agent biovar el tor: construction, molecular-genetic, and proteomic analysis]. | experimental modeling of origination of the virulent vibrio cholerae el tor genovariants is presented. it was demonstrated that the genovariants obtained did not differ from the natural genetically modified strains emerged in a natural population of the agent, either in phenotypical or genotypic properties. using the pcr assay and sequencing techniques it was proved that the constructed genovariants carried a ctx(class phi) prophage genome region with ctxbl gene of the v. cholerae classical biov ... | 2014 | 24757839 |
| how community ecology can improve our understanding of cholera dynamics. | understanding the seasonal emergence and reemergence of cholera is challenging due to the complex dynamics of different protagonists. the abundance of vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera and a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments, fluctuates according to abiotic, and biotic factors. among the biotic factors, the zooplankton community dynamics has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the survival, persistence, and natural competence of v. cholerae. however, factors regulatin ... | 2014 | 24765090 |
| the transcription factor mlc promotes vibrio cholerae biofilm formation through repression of phosphotransferase system components. | the phosphoenol phosphotransferase system (pts) is a multicomponent signal transduction cascade that regulates diverse aspects of bacterial cellular physiology in response to the availability of high-energy sugars in the environment. many pts components are repressed at the transcriptional level when the substrates they transport are not available. in escherichia coli, the transcription factor mlc (for makes large colonies) represses transcription of the genes encoding enzyme i (ei), histidine p ... | 2014 | 24769694 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using fresh extracts of tridax procumbens linn. | a simple and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles (np's) using an aqueous solution of t. procumbens fresh plant extract (leaf and stem) as a bioreductant is reported. the prepared biogenic nanoparticles were well characterized using u.v. visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. the particles were confirmed to be elemental crystal by x-ray diffraction. the potential applications of biosynthesized ... | 2014 | 24772939 |
| immunogenicity of a killed bivalent (o1 and o139) whole cell oral cholera vaccine, shanchol, in haiti. | studies of the immunogenicity of the killed bivalent whole cell oral cholera vaccine, shanchol, have been performed in historically cholera-endemic areas of asia. there is a need to assess the immunogenicity of the vaccine in haiti and other populations without historical exposure to vibrio cholerae. | 2014 | 24786645 |
| trapping of vibrio cholerae cytolysin in the membrane-bound monomeric state blocks membrane insertion and functional pore formation by the toxin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a potent membrane-damaging cytolytic toxin that belongs to the family of β barrel pore-forming protein toxins. vcc induces lysis of its target eukaryotic cells by forming transmembrane oligomeric β barrel pores. the mechanism of membrane pore formation by vcc follows the overall scheme of the archetypical β barrel pore-forming protein toxin mode of action, in which the water-soluble monomeric form of the toxin first binds to the target cell membrane, then assem ... | 2014 | 24794872 |
| screening for inhibition of vibrio cholerae vipa-vipb interaction identifies small-molecule compounds active against type vi secretion. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is the most prevalent bacterial secretion system and an important virulence mechanism utilized by gram-negative bacteria, either to target eukaryotic cells or to combat other microbes. the components show much variability, but some appear essential for the function, and two homologues, denoted vipa and vipb in vibrio cholerae, have been identified in all t6sss described so far. secretion is dependent on binding of an α-helical region of vipa to vipb, and in th ... | 2014 | 24798289 |
| bile acids and bicarbonate inversely regulate intracellular cyclic di-gmp in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that persists in aquatic reservoirs and causes the diarrheal disease cholera upon entry into a human host. v. cholerae employs the second messenger molecule 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp) to transition between these two distinct lifestyles. c-di-gmp is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase (dgc) enzymes and hydrolyzed by phosphodiesterase (pde) enzymes. bacteria typically encode many different dgcs and pdes within their genomes. presumably, each ... | 2014 | 24799624 |
| reciprocal regulation of resistance-nodulation-division efflux systems and the cpx two-component system in vibrio cholerae. | the cpx two-component regulatory system has been shown in escherichia coli to alleviate stress caused by misfolded cell envelope proteins. the vibrio cholerae cpx system was previously found to respond to cues distinct from those in the e. coli system, suggesting that this system fulfills a different physiological role in the cholera pathogen. here, we used microarrays to identify genes that were regulated by the v. cholerae cpx system. our observations suggest that the activation of the v. chol ... | 2014 | 24799626 |
| lack of outer membrane protein a enhances the release of outer membrane vesicles and survival of vibrio cholerae and suppresses viability of acanthamoeba castellanii. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrhoeal disease cholera, survives in aquatic environments. the bacterium has developed a survival strategy to grow and survive inside acanthamoeba castellanii. it has been shown that v. cholerae expresses outer membrane proteins as virulence factors playing a role in the adherence to interacted host cells. this study examined the role of outer membrane protein a (ompa) and outer membrane vesicles (omvs) in survival of v. cholerae alone and during it ... | 2014 | 24799908 |
| efficacy of zinc as an antibacterial agent against enteric bacterial pathogens. | diarrhoea is a serious threat all over the world with great economic implications especially evident in the developing world. this study was aimed at determining in vitro efficacy of zinc (zn) against common enteric bacterial pathogens. | 2014 | 24800334 |
| vibriocidal antibody responses to a bivalent killed whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in a phase iii trial in kolkata, india. | during the development of a vaccine, identification of the correlates of protection is of paramount importance for establishing an objective criterion for the protective performance of the vaccine. however, the ascertainment of correlates of immunity conferred by any vaccine is a difficult task. | 2014 | 24800828 |
| chromosome segregation proteins of vibrio cholerae as transcription regulators. | abstract bacterial para and parb proteins are best known for their contribution to plasmid and chromosome segregation, but they may also contribute to other cell functions. in segregation, para interacts with parb, which binds to pars centromere-analogous sites. in transcription, plasmid par proteins can serve as repressors by specifically binding to their own promoters and, additionally, in the case of parb, by spreading from a pars site to nearby promoters. here, we have asked whether chromoso ... | 2014 | 24803519 |
| the dimerization domain in dape enzymes is required for catalysis. | the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains underscores the importance of identifying new drug targets and developing new antimicrobial compounds. lysine and meso-diaminopimelic acid are essential for protein production and bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall remodeling and are synthesized in bacteria by enzymes encoded within dap operon. therefore dap enzymes may serve as excellent targets for developing a new class of antimicrobial agents. the dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimel ... | 2014 | 24806882 |
| determinants of substrate and cation transport in the human na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter nadc3. | metabolic intermediates, such as succinate and citrate, regulate important processes ranging from energy metabolism to fatty acid synthesis. cytosolic concentrations of these metabolites are controlled, in part, by members of the slc13 gene family. the molecular mechanism underlying na(+)-coupled di- and tricarboxylate transport by this family is understood poorly. the human na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter nadc3 (slc13a3) is found in various tissues, including the kidney, liver, and brain. in ... | 2014 | 24808185 |
| structural basis of chitin oligosaccharide deacetylation. | cell signaling and other biological activities of chitooligosaccharides (coss) seem to be dependent not only on the degree of polymerization, but markedly on the specific de-n-acetylation pattern. chitin de-n-acetylases (cdas) catalyze the hydrolysis of the acetamido group in glcnac residues of chitin, chitosan, and cos. a major challenge is to understand how cdas specifically define the distribution of glcnac and glcnh2 moieties in the oligomeric chain. we report the crystal structure of the vi ... | 2014 | 24810719 |
| roles of the sodium-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na+-nqr) on vibrio cholerae metabolism, motility and osmotic stress resistance. | the na+ translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na+-nqr) is a unique respiratory enzyme catalyzing the electron transfer from nadh to quinone coupled with the translocation of sodium ions across the membrane. typically, vibrio spp., including vibrio cholerae, have this enzyme but lack the proton-pumping nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i). thus, na+-nqr should significantly contribute to multiple aspects of v. cholerae physiology; however, no detailed characterization of this aspect ha ... | 2014 | 24811312 |
| characterization of the cell surface properties of drinking water pathogens by microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon and electrophoretic mobility measurements. | the surface characteristics of microbial cells directly influence their mobility and behavior within aqueous environments. the cell surface hydrophobicity (csh) and electrophoretic mobility (epm) of microbial cells impact a number of interactions and processes including aggregation, adhesion to surfaces, and stability of the cells within the aqueous environments. these cell characteristics are unique to the bacterial species and are a reflection of the large diversity of surface structures, prot ... | 2014 | 24815929 |
| non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae bacteraemia in an australian population. | this retrospective case series identifies the largest cohort of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae bacteraemia in an australian population from 2000 to 2013. we examine the risk factors, epidemiology, clinical presentations and mortality of non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae bacteraemia in victoria and compare them with published cases in the literature. this case series highlights the pathogenic potential of non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae and identifies possible associations with host (underlying chronic ... | 2014 | 24816311 |
| cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of n-acetylmannosamine kinase from methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | n-acetylmannosamine kinase (ec 2.7.1.60) is involved in the catabolism of sialic acid for many bacterial pathogens implicated in human disease such as escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae and v. vulnificus. interestingly, some human commensals and bacterial pathogens can scavenge sialic acids from their surrounding environment and degrade them as a source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. this process requires a cluster of genes known as the `nan-nag cluster', which have proven ... | 2014 | 24817729 |
| functional characterization of a na+-dependent dicarboxylate transporter from vibrio cholerae. | the slc13 transporter family, whose members play key physiological roles in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, adiposity, insulin resistance, and other processes, catalyzes the transport of krebs cycle intermediates and sulfate across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. slc13 transporters are part of the divalent anion:na(+) symporter (dass) family that includes several well-characterized bacterial members. despite sharing significant sequence similarity, the functional characteristics ... | 2014 | 24821967 |
| comparison of maldi-tof ms, gene sequencing and the vitek 2 for identification of seventy-three clinical isolates of enteropathogens. | this study was performed to evaluate the analytical and practical performance of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) compared to the sequencing method and the vitek 2 system for identification of enteropathogens in the clinical microbiology laboratory. | 2014 | 24822116 |
| enzymatic sequencing of partially acetylated chitosan oligomers. | chitosan oligosaccharides have diverse biological activities with potentially valuable applications, for example, in the fields of medicine and agriculture. these functionalities are thought to depend on their degree of polymerization and acetylation, and possibly on specific patterns of acetylation. chitosan oligomers with fully defined architecture are difficult to produce, and their complete analysis is demanding. analysis is typically done using ms or nmr, requiring access to expensive infra ... | 2014 | 24824785 |
| cholera outbreaks in africa. | during the current seventh cholera pandemic, africa bore the major brunt of global disease burden. more than 40 years after its resurgence in africa in 1970, cholera remains a grave public health problem, characterized by large disease burden, frequent outbreaks, persistent endemicity, and high cfrs, particularly in the region of the central african great lakes which might act as reservoirs for cholera. there, cases occur year round with a rise in incidence during the rainy season. elsewhere in ... | 2014 | 24827501 |
| comprehensive analysis of blood group antigen binding to classical and el tor cholera toxin b-pentamers by nmr. | cholera is a diarrheal disease responsible for the deaths of thousands, possibly even hundreds of thousands of people every year, and its impact is predicted to further increase with climate change. it has been known for decades that blood group o individuals suffer more severe symptoms of cholera compared with individuals with other blood groups (a, b and ab). the observed blood group dependence is likely to be caused by the major virulence factor of vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin (ct). her ... | 2014 | 24829308 |
| cholera outbreaks in india. | cholera is a global health problem as several thousands of cases and deaths occur each year. the unique epidemiologic attribute of the disease is its propensity to occur as outbreaks that may flare-up into epidemics, if not controlled. the causative bacterial pathogen vibrio cholerae prevails in the environment and infects humans whenever there is a breakdown in the public health component. the indian subcontinent is vulnerable to this disease due its vast coastlines with areas of poor sanitatio ... | 2014 | 24831345 |
| faecal pollution loads in the wastewater effluents and receiving water bodies: a potential threat to the health of sedibeng and soshanguve communities, south africa. | the discharge of untreated or inadequately treated effluents has been identified among the activities responsible for the spread of a wide range of potentially infectious agents. the aim of this study was to determine whether inadequate treatment of wastewater and the faecal pollution load of effluents and receiving water bodies in sedibeng district and soshanguve peri-urban area of the tshwane metropolitan municipality could be a potential threat to the health of the surrounding communities. va ... | 2014 | 24838129 |
| a single point mutation within the coding sequence of cholera toxin b subunit will increase its expression yield. | cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) has been extensively considered as an immunogenic and adjuvant protein, but its yield of expression is not satisfactory in many studies. the aim of this study was to compare the expression of native and mutant recombinant ctb (rctb) in pqe vector. | 2014 | 24842138 |
| biosynthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles by streptomyces sp. ss2. | in the present study the microbial biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by secondary metabolites of streptomyces sp. ss2 in an eco-friendly approach has been reported. the streptomyces sp. ss2 was isolated from the soil sediment of similipal biosphere reserve. the identification of this strain was determined by phenotypical characteristics (morphological and biochemical) and molecular characterization method using 16 s rdna sequencing. the morphological study was also done by high-resolu ... | 2014 | 24842223 |
| the first appearance of classical-like phenotype vibrio cholerae in nepal. | 2014 | 24843853 | |
| characterizing the dynamics of the leader-linker interaction in the glycine riboswitch with site-directed spin labeling. | site-directed spin labeling with continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy was utilized to characterize dynamic features of the kink-turn motif formed through a leader-linker interaction in the vibrio cholerae glycine riboswitch. efficient incorporation of spin-labels into select sites within the phosphate backbone of the leader-linker region proceeded via splinted ligation of chemically synthesized spin-labeled oligonucleotides to in vitro transcribed larger rna fragmen ... | 2014 | 24849816 |
| biotechnological potential of the seaweed cladophora rupestris (chlorophyta, cladophorales) lipidic extract. | recently, with the advent of modern technologies, various marine organisms including algae are being studied as sources of natural substances effective on classical microorganisms and able to also combat the new trend of acquired resistance in microbes. in the present study the antimicrobial activity of the lipidic extract of the green seaweed cladophora rupestris collected in a mediterranean area, in two sampling periods (january and april), was assayed. the chemical characterization of the lip ... | 2014 | 24852224 |
| cholera outbreaks in south and southeast asia: descriptive analysis, 2003-2012. | we conducted descriptive analysis of available information regarding the epidemiology of cholera outbreaks in south and southeast asia during 2003-2012. information from 58 articles, 8 reports, and world health organization databases were analyzed. overall, 113 cholera outbreaks were studied in south and southeast asia during the past 10 years. the majority of the outbreaks (69%) occurred in southeast asia, including india (52%). the highest number of outbreaks was observed in 2004 (25.7%). the ... | 2014 | 24858602 |
| outbreak of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant strain in bihar, india. | an outbreak of cholera struck bihar, an indian state, in august 2008 following a massive flood. here we report the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of vibrio cholerae strains isolated from patients with diarrhea. rectal swabs were obtained from patients with diarrhea who were admitted to medical camps or the hospital, and the strains were biochemically and serologically characterized. v. cholerae was isolated from 21 (65.6%) of 32 rectal swabs. serological studies revealed that all the 2 ... | 2014 | 24858614 |
| vaccines against human diarrheal pathogens: current status and perspectives. | worldwide, nearly 1.7 billion people per year contract diarrheal infectious diseases (did) and almost 760 000 of infections are fatal. did are a major problem in developing countries where poor sanitation prevails and food and water may become contaminated by fecal shedding. diarrhea is caused by pathogens such as bacteria, protozoans and viruses. important diarrheal pathogens are vibrio cholerae, shigella spp. and rotavirus, which can be prevented with vaccines for several years. the focus of t ... | 2014 | 24861668 |
| glycan specificity of the vibrio vulnificus hemolysin lectin outlines evolutionary history of membrane targeting by a toxin family. | pore-forming toxins (pfts) are a class of pathogen-secreted molecules that oligomerize to form transmembrane channels in cellular membranes. determining the mechanism for how pfts bind membranes is important in understanding their role in disease and for developing possible ways to block their action. vibrio vulnificus, an aquatic pathogen responsible for severe food poisoning and septicemia in humans, secretes a pft called v. vulnificus hemolysin (vvh), which contains a single c-terminal target ... | 2014 | 24862282 |
| continuous fluorescence-based measurement of redox-driven sodium ion translocation. | investigation of the mechanism of sodium ion pumping enzymes requires methods to follow the translocation of sodium ions by the purified and reconstituted proteins in vitro. here, we describe a protocol that allows following the accumulation of na(+) in proteoliposomes by the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) from vibrio cholerae using the sodium-sensitive fluorophor sodium green. in the presence of a regenerative system for its substrate nadh, the na(+)-nqr accumulates ... | 2014 | 24862438 |
| interplay between genetic regulation of phosphate homeostasis and bacterial virulence. | bacterial pathogens, including those of humans, animals, and plants, encounter phosphate (pi)-limiting or pi-rich environments in the host, depending on the site of infection. the environmental pi-concentration results in modulation of expression of the pho regulon that allows bacteria to regulate phosphate assimilation pathways accordingly. in many cases, modulation of pho regulon expression also results in concomitant changes in virulence phenotypes. under pi-limiting conditions, bacteria use ... | 2014 | 24867401 |
| novel multiple mutations in the topoisomerase gene of haitian variant vibrio cholerae o1. | 2014 | 24867982 | |
| use of vibrio cholerae vaccine in an outbreak in guinea. | the use of vaccines to prevent and control cholera is currently under debate. shanchol is one of the two oral cholera vaccines prequalified by the world health organization; however, its effectiveness under field conditions and the protection it confers in the first months after administration remain unknown. the main objective of this study was to estimate the short-term effectiveness of two doses of shanchol used as a part of the integrated response to a cholera outbreak in africa. | 2014 | 24869721 |
| seasonal dynamics of vibrio cholerae and its phages in riverine ecosystem of gangetic west bengal: cholera paradigm. | the gangetic delta is a century-old cholera endemic belt where the role of riverine-estuarine ecosystem in cholera transmission has never been elucidated. seasonality, distribution, and abundance of environmental vibrio cholerae o1/o139 and vibriophage in hooghly riverine-estuarine environment and their correlation with cholera incidence pattern in west bengal, india, have been analyzed for the first time across summer, monsoon, and winter months. a total of 146 water samples collected from two ... | 2014 | 24869952 |
| draft whole-genome sequence of a new variant of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strain isolated from a cholera patient in russia. | draft whole-genome sequencing of the vibrio cholerae о1 el tor clinical strain l3226, isolated in moscow in 2010, was carried out. various mutations in the virulence-associated mobile elements were determined in its genome that differentiated this strain from the reference v. cholerae о1 el tor strain n16961. | 2014 | 24874670 |
| comparative genomic characterization of a thailand-myanmar isolate, ms6, of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor, which is phylogenetically related to a "us gulf coast" clone. | the cholera outbreaks in thailand during 2007-2010 were exclusively caused by the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant carrying the cholera toxin gene of the classical biotype. we previously isolated a v. cholerae o1 el tor strain from a patient with diarrhea and designated it ms6. multilocus sequence-typing analysis revealed that ms6 is most closely related to the u. s. gulf coast clone with the exception of two novel housekeeping genes. | 2014 | 24887199 |
| a genomic island integrated into reca of vibrio cholerae contains a divergent reca and provides multi-pathway protection from dna damage. | lateral gene transfer (lgt) has been crucial in the evolution of the cholera pathogen, vibrio cholerae. the two major virulence factors are present on two different mobile genetic elements, a bacteriophage containing the cholera toxin genes and a genomic island (gi) containing the intestinal adhesin genes. non-toxigenic v. cholerae in the aquatic environment are a major source of novel dna that allows the pathogen to morph via lgt. in this study, we report a novel gi from a non-toxigenic v. chol ... | 2014 | 24889424 |