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effect of holarrhena antidysentrica (ha) and andrographis paniculata (ap) on the biofilm formation and cell membrane integrity of opportunistic pathogen salmonella typhimurium.increasing occurrence of gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by food borne opportunistic microorganisms has become a major problem in food industry as well as in immunocompromised host. antimicrobial agents are losing their efficacy due to increase in the microbial resistance. for such reasons, conventional treatment has become limited to manage the infections state. need of the hour is to instigate the search for safer holistic alternatives. the present study was hence conducted to assess the anti ...201627836761
adhesion, invasion, cytotoxic effect and cytokine production in response to atypical salmonella typhimurium infection.pathogenic bacteria such as salmonella have the ability to respond to a wide variety of environmental stimuli. these responses allow them to survive and withstand insults both of an external location as well as within the host. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of preadaptation in stressful conditions encountered in seawater microcosms for different periods of time on salmonella typhimurium survival, antibiotic susceptibility and interactions with caco-2 cells. these results sh ...201727840222
the biofilm lifestyle involves an increase in bacterial membrane saturated fatty acids.biofilm formation on contact surfaces contributes to persistence of foodborne pathogens all along the food and feed chain. the specific physiological features of bacterial cells embedded in biofilms contribute to their high tolerance to environmental stresses, including the action of antimicrobial compounds. as membrane lipid adaptation is a vital facet of bacterial response when cells are submitted to harsh or unstable conditions, we focused here on membrane fatty acid composition of biofilm ce ...201627840623
single-cell rna-seq ties macrophage polarization to growth rate of intracellular salmonella.intracellular bacterial pathogens can exhibit large heterogeneity in growth rate inside host cells, with major consequences for the infection outcome. if and how the host responds to this heterogeneity remains poorly understood. here, we combined a fluorescent reporter of bacterial cell division with single-cell rna-sequencing analysis to study the macrophage response to different intracellular states of the model pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the transcriptomes of individual ...201627841856
occurrence of plasmidic ampc β-lactamase in a salmonella typhimurium isolate of equine origin: first report of cmy-2 in animals in argentina. 201527842885
synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcone derivatives containing aminoguanidine or acylhydrazone moieties.three novel series of chalcone derivatives containing an aminoguanidine or acylhydrazone moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated in terms of their antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities. most of the synthesized compounds showed potent inhibitory activity towards various bacteria and one fungus with minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) ranging from 1 to 8μg/ml. compared with our previously reported chalcone derivatives (mics >64μg/ml), these compounds exhibited imp ...201627843112
contribution of asparagine catabolism to salmonella virulence.salmonellae are pathogenic bacteria that cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. salmonellae establish infection and avoid clearance by the immune system by mechanisms that are not well understood. we previously showed that l-asparaginase ii produced by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) inhibits t cell responses and mediates virulence. in addition, we previously showed that asparagine deprivation such as that mediated by l-asparaginase ii of s typhimu ...201727849183
mg2+ regulates transcription of mgta in salmonella typhimurium via translation of proline codons during synthesis of the mgtl peptide.in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, mg(2+) limitation induces transcription of the mgta mg(2+) transport gene, but the mechanism involved is unclear. the 5' leader of the mgta mrna contains a 17-codon, proline-rich orf, mgtl, whose translation regulates the transcription of mgta [park s-y et al. (2010) cell 142:737-748]. rapid translation of mgtl promotes formation of a secondary structure in the mgta mrna that permits termination of transcription by the rho protein upstream of mgta, whe ...201627849575
pyroptosis of salmonella typhimurium-infected macrophages was suppressed and elimination of intracellular bacteria from macrophages was promoted by blocking qsec.qsec is a membrane-bound histidine sensor kinase found in gram-negative pathogens and is involved in the regulation of bacterial virulence. led209, a qsec-specific inhibitor, significantly inhibits the virulence of several pathogens and partially protects infected mice from death by blocking qsec. however, the mechanism of its antibacterial effects remains unclear. in this experiment, a salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) and macrophage co-culture system was utilized to investigate possible ...201627853287
high mannose-specific lectin msl mediates key interactions of the vaginal lactobacillus plantarum isolate cmpg5300.to characterize the interaction potential of the human vaginal isolate lactobacillus plantarum cmpg5300, its genome was mined for genes encoding lectin-like proteins. cmpg5300.05_29 was identified as the gene encoding a putative mannose-binding lectin. phenotypic analysis of a gene knock-out mutant of cmpg5300.05_29 showed that expression of this gene is important for auto-aggregation, adhesion to the vaginal epithelial cells, biofilm formation and binding to mannosylated glycans. purification o ...201627853317
targeting and alteration of tight junctions by bacteria and their virulence factors such as clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.the integrity of tight junctions, which regulate paracellular permeability, is challenged by many bacterial pathogens. this is caused by inflammatory responses triggered by pathogens and direct interaction of bacteria or their toxins with host epithelial cells. in some cases, tight junction proteins represent receptors for cell surface proteins or toxins of the pathogen, such as clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe). cpe causes diarrhea and cramps-the symptoms of a common foodborne illness, ...201727864644
genome-guided design of a defined mouse microbiota that confers colonization resistance against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.protection against enteric infections, also termed colonization resistance, results from mutualistic interactions of the host and its indigenous microbes. the gut microbiota of humans and mice is highly diverse and it is therefore challenging to assign specific properties to its individual members. here, we have used a collection of murine bacterial strains and a modular design approach to create a minimal bacterial community that, once established in germ-free mice, provided colonization resist ...201627869789
structural and biochemical studies reveal a putative ftsz recognition site on the z-ring stabilizer zapd.ftsz, a tubulin homologue, is an essential protein of the z-ring assembly in bacterial cell division. it consists of two domains, the n-terminal and c-terminal core domains, and has a conserved c-terminal tail region. lateral interactions between ftsz protofilaments and several z-ring associated proteins (zaps) are necessary for modulating z-ring formation. zapd, one of the positive regulators of z-ring assembly, directly binds to the c-terminal tail of ftsz and promotes stable z-ring formation ...201627871169
bovine milk rnases modulate pro-inflammatory responses induced by nucleic acids in cultured immune and epithelial cells.activation of innate immune receptors by exogenous substances is crucial for the detection of microbial pathogens and a subsequent inflammatory response. the inflammatory response to microbial lipopolysaccharide via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) is facilitated by soluble accessory proteins, but the role of such proteins in the activation of other pathogen recognition receptors for microbial nucleic acid is not well understood. here we demonstrate that rnase4 and rnase5 purified from bovine milk bi ...201727871831
the antibacterial effect of ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil and nisinagainst salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcus aureus in doogh, a yoghurt-based iranian drink.doogh is the most popular and commonly consumed yoghurt-based iranian drink. the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effects of ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil (zeo) at 0.10 and 0.20% concentrations, nisin at 250 and 500 iu ml(-1), and their combination against salmonella typhimurium and staphylococcusaureus in doogh during storage at 4 ˚c for  9 days. nine batches were studied as follows: control: no zeo or nisin added, a: 0.10% zeo, b: 0.20% zeo, c: 250 iu ml(-1) nisi ...201627872717
identification of the first blacmy-2 gene in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates obtained from cases of paediatric diarrhoea illness detected in south america.the objectives of this study were to investigate clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, to characterise their mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and to evaluate the possible biological cost of expressing resistance genes. two oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant salmonella isolates obtained from children with diarrhoea were characterised. the occurrence of plasmid-encoded blacmy-2 genes was confirmed by molecular methods and conjugation assay ...201327873624
salmonella enteritidis effector avra stabilizes intestinal tight junctions via the jnk pathway.salmonella pathogenesis studies to date have focused on salmonella typhimurium, and the pathogenesis of a second major serotype, salmonella enteritidis, is poorly understood. salmonella spp. possess effector proteins that display biochemical activities and modulate host functions. here, we generated a deletion mutant of the effector avra, s.e-avra(-), and a plasmid-mediated complementary strain, s.e-avra(-)/pavra(+) (s.e-avra(+)), in s. enteritidis. using in vitro and in vivo infection models, w ...201627875307
beyond antimicrobial resistance: evidence for a distinct role of the acrd efflux pump in salmonella biology.for over 20 years, bacterial multidrug resistance (mdr) efflux pumps have been studied because of their impact on resistance to antimicrobials. however, critical questions remain, including why produce efflux pumps under non-antimicrobial treatment conditions, and why have multiple pumps if their only purpose is antimicrobial efflux? salmonella spp. possess five efflux pump families, including the resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) efflux pumps. notably, the rnd efflux pump acrd has a unique s ...201627879336
human genome-wide rnai screen for host factors that facilitate salmonella invasion reveals a role for potassium secretion in promoting internalization.salmonella enterica can actively invade the gastro-intestinal epithelium. this frequently leads to diarrheal disease, and also gives the pathogen access to phagocytes that can serve as vehicles for dissemination into deeper tissue. the ability to invade host cells is also important in maintaining the carrier state. while much is known about the bacterial factors that promote invasion, relatively little is known about the host factors involved. to gain insight into how salmonella enterica serovar ...201627880807
application of genetically engineered salmonella typhimurium for interferon-gamma-induced therapy against melanoma.salmonella have been experimentally used as anti-cancer agents, because they show selective growth in tumours. in this study, we genetically modified attenuated salmonella typhimurium to express and secrete interferon-gamma (ifn-γ) as a tumouricidal agent to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of salmonella. ifn-γ was fused to the n-terminal region (residues 1-160) of sipb (sipb160) for secretion from bacterial cells. attenuated s. typhimurium expressing recombinant ifn-γ (s. typhimurium (ifn-γ)) i ...201727883926
studies on the therapeutic effect of propolis along with standard antibacterial drug in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infected balb/c mice.antibiotic resistance is an emerging public health problem. centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) has described antibiotic resistance as one of the world's most pressing health problems in 21(st) century. who rated antibiotic resistance as "one of the three greatest threats to human health". one important strategy employed to overcome this resistance is the use of combination of drugs. many plants, natural extracts have been shown to exhibit synergistic response with standard drugs ag ...201627887651
sonication reduces the attachment of salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 cells to bacterial cellulose-based plant cell wall models and cut plant material.this study investigated the removal of bacterial surface structures, particularly flagella, using sonication, and examined its effect on the attachment of salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 cells to plant cell walls. s. typhimurium atcc 14028 cells were subjected to sonication at 20 khz to remove surface structures without affecting cell viability. effective removal of flagella was determined by staining flagella of sonicated cells with ryu's stain and enumerating the flagella remaining by direct ...201727889167
drying parameters greatly affect the destruction of cronobacter sakazakii and salmonella typhimurium in standard buffer and milk.salmonella typhimurium and cronobacter sakazakii are two foodborne pathogens involved in neonatal infections from milk powder and infant formula. their ability to survive in low-moisture food and during processing from the decontamination to the dried state is a major issue in food protection. in this work, we studied the effects of the drying process on salmonella typhimurium and cronobacter sakazakii, with the aim of identifying the drying parameters that could promote greater inactivation of ...201727889170
protective immunity elicited by oral immunization of mice with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium braun lipoprotein (lpp) and acetyltransferase (msbb) mutants.we evaluated the extent of attenuation and immunogenicity of the δlppab and δlppab δmsbb mutants of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium when delivered to mice by the oral route. these mutants were deleted either for the braun lipoprotein genes (lppa and lppb) or in combination with the msbb gene, which encodes an acetyltransferase required for lipid a modification of lipopolysaccharide. both the mutants were attenuated (100% animal survival) and triggered robust innate and adaptive immune re ...201627891321
origanum majorana essential oil lacks mutagenic activity in the salmonella/microsome and micronucleus assays.the present study aimed to investigate the in vitro mutagenic activity of origanum majorana essential oil. the most abundant compounds identified by gc-ms were γ-terpinene (25.73%), α-terpinene (17.35%), terpinen-4-ol (17.24%), and sabinene (10.8%). mutagenicity was evaluated by the salmonella/microsome test using the preincubation procedure on ta98, ta97a, ta100, ta102, and ta1535 salmonella typhimurium strains, in the absence or in the presence of metabolic activation. cytotoxicity was detecte ...201627891531
using in vitro dynamic models to evaluate fluoroquinolone activity against emergence of resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.the objectives of this study were to determine pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) indices of fluoroquinolones that minimize the emergence of resistant salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) using in vitro dynamic models and to establish mechanisms of resistance. three fluoroquinolones, difloxacin (dif), enrofloxacin (enr), and marbofloxacin (mar), at five dose levels and 3 days of treatment were simulated. bacterial killing-regrowth kinetics and emergence of resistant bacte ...201727895011
cx3cr1+ cell-mediated salmonella exclusion protects the intestinal mucosa during the initial stage of infection.during salmonella typhimurium infection, intestinal cx3cr1(+) cells can either extend transepithelial cellular processes to sample luminal bacteria or, very early after infection, migrate into the intestinal lumen to capture bacteria. however, until now, the biological relevance of the intraluminal migration of cx3cr1(+) cells remained to be determined. we addressed this by using a combination of mouse strains differing in their ability to carry out cx3cr1-mediated sampling and intraluminal migr ...201727895168
the correlation between antimutagenic activity and total phenolic content of extracts of 31 plant species with high antioxidant activity.antimutagenic activity of plant extracts is important in the discovery of new, effective cancer preventing agents. there is increasing evidence that cancer and other mutation-related diseases can be prevented by intake of dna protective agents. the identification of antimutagenic agents present in plants presents an effective strategy to inhibit pathogenic processes resulting from exposure to mutagenic and/or carcinogenic substances present in the environment. there are no reports on the antimut ...201627899116
biosynthesis of selenate reductase in salmonella enterica: critical roles for the signal peptide and dmsd.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a gram-negative bacterium with a flexible respiratory capability. under anaerobic conditions, s. enterica can utilize a range of terminal electron acceptors, including selenate, to sustain respiratory electron transport. the s. enterica selenate reductase is a membrane-bound enzyme encoded by the ynfefgh-dmsd operon. the active enzyme is predicted to comprise at least three subunits where ynfe is a molybdenum-containing catalytic subunit. the ynfe prote ...201627902441
improved properties and microbiological safety of novel cottage cheese containing spices.the study focuses on developing novel cottage cheese containing spices with acceptable sensory properties, increased biological value and extended shelf life. thirty types of cheese with added fresh or dried parsley, dill, pepper, garlic and rosemary were produced. characterisation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of spices and cheese samples were evaluated. the cheese containing fresh pepper and fresh and dried herbs showed excellent sensory properties, wit ...201527904380
nitrobacter sp. extract mediated biosynthesis of ag2o nps with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial potential for biomedical application.in this study, extracellular extract of plant growth promoting bacterium, nitrobacter sp. is used for the bioconversion of agno3 (silver nitrate) into ag2o (silver oxide nanoparticles). it is an easy, ecofriendly and single step method for ag2o nps synthesis. the bio-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using different techniques. uv-vis results showed the maximum absorbance around 450 nm. xrd result shows the particles to have faced centered cubic (fcc) crystalline nature. ftir analysis ...201627906145
in silico knockout studies of xenophagic capturing of salmonella.the degradation of cytosol-invading pathogens by autophagy, a process known as xenophagy, is an important mechanism of the innate immune system. inside the host, salmonella typhimurium invades epithelial cells and resides within a specialized intracellular compartment, the salmonella-containing vacuole. a fraction of these bacteria does not persist inside the vacuole and enters the host cytosol. salmonella typhimurium that invades the host cytosol becomes a target of the autophagy machinery for ...201627906974
synthesis of new fluoro-benzimidazole derivatives as an approach towards the discovery of novel intestinal antiseptic drug candidates.in the present study, nineteen new fluoro-benzimidazole derivatives, including nifuroxazide analogues, were synthesized by microwave-supported reactions and tested against a panel of pathogenic microorganisms consisting of resistant strains. the synthesized compounds were characterised and identified by ft-ir, 1h- and 13c-nmr, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analyses, respectively. in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of the synthesized compounds were determined by microdilution and by ...201627908268
the mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the ames assay in strains ta98 and ta100.salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta100 were used to assess the mutagenic potential of the aerosol from a commercially available, rechargeable, closed system electronic-cigarette. results obtained were compared to those for the mainstream smoke from a kentucky reference (3r4f) cigarette. two different test matrices were assessed. aerosol generated from the e-cigarette was trapped on a cambridge filter pad, eluted in dmso and compared to cigarette smoke total particulate matter (tpm), which ...201627908385
the bacterial two-hybrid system uncovers the involvement of acetylation in regulating of lrp activity in salmonella typhimurium.n(𝜀)-lysine acetylation is an abundant and important post-translational modification in bacteria. we used the bacterial two-hybrid system to screen the genome library of the salmonella typhimurium to identify potential proteins involved in acetyltransferase pat - or deacetylase cobb-mediated acetylation. then, the in vitro (de)acetylation assays were used to validate the potential targets, such as stm14_1074, nrdf, rhar. lrp, a leucine-responsive regulatory protein and global regulator, was sho ...201627909434
complex genetics architecture contributes to salmonella resistance in acb60 mice.human infection with salmonella is of global public health concern. in low- and middle-income countries, salmonella infection is a major source of disease in terms of both mortality and morbidity, while in high-income nations, the pathogen is an ongoing threat to food security. the outcome of infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (salmonella typhimurium) in mouse models is dependent upon a coordinated and complex immune response. a panel of recombinant congenic strains (rcs) der ...201727913859
genotoxicity evaluation of hwanglyeonhaedok-tang, an herbal formula.hwanglyeonhaedok-tang (huanglianjiedu-tang, orengedoku-to), a traditional herbal formula, is used for the treatment of inflammatory, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular diseases.201727916588
a novel group of incq1 plasmids conferring multidrug resistance.the incq is a group of non-conjugative but mobilisable plasmids that are found and stably maintained in a wide range of bacteria contributing to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes and to the insurgence of multidrug resistant bacteria. here we report the identification, in clinical salmonella typhimurium strains, of an incq1 plasmid (pnuc) which confers resistance to sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and tetracycline through the presence of sul2, strab and teta genes, respectively. pnuc wa ...201727916622
clonal spread of mcr-1 in pmqr-carrying st34 salmonella isolates from animals in china.since initial identification in china, the widespread geographical occurrence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in enterobacteriaceae has been of great concern. in this study, a total of 22 salmonella enterica were resistant to colistin, while only five isolates which belonged to st34 salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) were mcr-1 positive. four of them shared nearly identical pfge type, although they were from different host species and diverse geographical ...201627917926
the type iii secretion system effector sptp of salmonella enterica serovar typhi.strains of the various salmonella enterica serovars cause gastroenteritis or typhoid fever in humans, with virulence depending on the action of two type iii secretion systems (salmonella pathogenicity island 1 [spi-1] and spi-2). sptp is a salmonella spi-1 effector, involved in mediating recovery of the host cytoskeleton postinfection. sptp requires a chaperone, sicp, for stability and secretion. sptp has 94% identity between s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s typhi; direct comparison of the ...201727920299
salmonella typhimurium and multidirectional communication in the gut.the mammalian digestive tract is home to trillions of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. in monogastric mammals the stomach and small intestine harbor diverse bacterial populations but are typically less populated than the colon. the gut bacterial community (microbiota hereafter) varies widely among different host species and individuals within a species. it is influenced by season of the year, age of the host, stress and disease. ideally, the host and microbiot ...201627920756
effectiveness of f18(+) fimbrial antigens released by a novel autolyzed salmonella expression system as a vaccine candidate against lethal f18(+) stec infection.porcine edema disease (ed) caused by shiga toxin 2e producing escherichia coli expressing f18ab(+) fimbriae (f18ab(+)stec) frequently occurs in post-weaned piglets, resulting in a significant economic loss in swine industries worldwide. in the present study, we proposed an efficient prevention scheme against ed in which the attenuated salmonella typhimurium inactivated by the e-mediated cell lysis to deliver target antigens, fedf and feda, which function in fimbrial-mediated adhesion and as a ma ...201627920758
crystal structure of the salmonella typhimurium effector gtge.salmonella typhimurium gtge is an effector protein contributing to the virulence of this pathogen. it was shown to possess highly selective proteolytic activity against a subset of rab proteins that helps in evasion of salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) fusion with lysosomes. cys45, his151 and asp169 are essential for proteolytic activity. the structure of a c-terminal fragment gtge(79-214) indicated the presence of a papain-like fold. here, we present the structure of gtge(17-214) containing t ...201627923041
effects of β-caryophyllene and murraya paniculata essential oil in the murine hepatoma cells and in the bacteria and fungi 24-h time-kill curve studies.orange jessamine [murraya paniculata l. (rutaceae)] has been used worldwide in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, antibiotic and analgesic.201727927082
invasive bacterial infections in gambians with sickle cell anemia in an era of widespread pneumococcal and hemophilus influenzae type b vaccination.there is relatively little data on the etiology of bacterial infections in patients with sickle cell anemia (sca) in west africa, and no data from countries that have implemented conjugate vaccines against both streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib).we conducted a retrospective analysis of sca patients admitted to the medical research council unit, the gambia, during a 5-year period when there was high coverage of hib and pneumococcal conjugate vaccination. we evaluated ...201627930540
the mutagenic, antimutagenic and antioxidant properties of hypericum lydium.there is a growing market demand for hypericum sp., a pharmacologically active plant that has been traditionally used to treat various ailments. however, there have been limited studies on the extract or essential oil of hypericum lydium boiss (hypericaceae).201727931153
genome sequence of bacteriophage gg32, which can infect both salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli o157:h7.we report here a new virulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) bacteriophage, gg32, which was isolated from the guem river in the republic of korea. the strain can infect both s typhimurium and escherichia coli (e. coli) o157:h7 and may be a good candidate for a bio-control agent.201627932635
bacteria inactivation during the drying of struvite fertilizers produced from stored urine.human urine can be processed into market-attractive fertilizers like struvite; however, concerns regarding the microbial safety of such products remain. the present study evaluated the inactivation of in situ heterotrophs, total bacteria as observed by flow cytometry, and inoculated enterococcus spp. and salmonella typhimurium during the drying of struvite under controlled temperature (from 5 to 35 °c) and relative humidity (approximately 40 and 80%) as well as dynamic field conditions. bacteria ...201627934251
identification of candidate host cell factors required for actin-based motility of burkholderia pseudomallei.intracellular actin-based motility of the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei requires the bacterial factor bima. located at one pole of the bacterium, bima recruits and polymerizes cellular actin to promote bacterial motility within and between cells. here, we describe an affinity approach coupled with mass spectrometry to identify cellular proteins recruited to bima-expressing bacteria under conditions that promote actin polymerization. we identified a group of cellular proteins tha ...201627934296
the infectious intracellular lifestyle of salmonella enterica relies on the adaptation to nutritional conditions within the salmonella-containing vacuole.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a gram-negative pathogen that causes various host-specific diseases. during their life cycle, salmonellae survive frequent exposures to a variety of environmental stresses, e.g. carbon-source starvation. the virulence of this pathogen relies on its ability to establish a replicative niche, named salmonella-containing vacuole, inside host cells. however, the microenvironment of the scv and the bacterial metabolic pathways required during ...201627936347
tapping into salmonella typhimurium lt2 genome in a quest to explore its therapeutic arsenal: a metabolic network modeling approach.s. typhimurium, the classical broad-host-range serovar is a widely distributed cause of food-borne illness. escalating antibiotic resistance and potential of conjugal transmission to other pathogens attributable to its broad spectrum host specificities have aided s. typhimurium to emerge as a global health threat. to keep pace with ever evolving bacterial defenses, there is dire need to restock the antibiotic pipeline. genome scale metabolic reconstructions present immense possibilities to decip ...201727939520
effect of lactobacillus plantarum tennozu-su2 on salmonella typhimurium infection in human enterocyte-like ht-29-luc cells and balb/c mice.the probiotic properties and inhibitory effect on salmonella typhimurium adhesion on human enterocyte-like ht-29-luc cells of three lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from fermented fish, beach sand and a coastal plant were determined. compared with the type strain l. plantarum nbrc 15891(t), which was isolated from pickled cabbage, l. plantarum tennozu-su2 isolated from the acorn of a coastal tree showed high autoaggregation in de man, rogosa and sharpe (mrs) broth and an antagonistic eff ...201727943051
salmonella meningitis associated with monocyte infiltration in mice.in the current study, we examined the ability of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to infect the central nervous system and cause meningitis following the natural route of infection in mice. c57bl/6j mice are extremely susceptible to systemic infection by salmonella typhimurium because of loss-of-function mutations in nramp1 (slc11a1), a phagosomal membrane protein that controls iron export from vacuoles and inhibits salmonella growth in macrophages. therefore, we assessed the ability of s ...201727955815
genetic characterization of the galactitol utilization pathway of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.galactitol degradation by salmonellae remains underinvestigated, although this metabolic capability contributes to growth in animals (r. r. chaudhuri et al., plos genet 9:e1003456, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003456). the genes responsible for this metabolic capability are part of a 9.6-kb gene cluster that spans from gaty to gatr (stm3253 to stm3262) and encodes a phosphotransferase system, four enzymes, and a transporter of the major facilitator superfamily. genome comparison r ...201727956522
the promiscuous suma missense suppressor from salmonella enterica has an intriguing mechanism of action.while most missense suppressors have very narrow specificities and only suppress the allele against which they were isolated, the suma missense suppressor from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a promiscuous or broad-acting missense suppressor that suppresses numerous missense mutants. the suma missense suppressor was identified as a glyv trna gly3(gau/c) missense suppressor that can recognize gau or gac aspartic acid codons and insert a glycine amino acid instead of aspartic acid. in a ...201727974497
near-atomic-resolution cryo-em analysis of the salmonella t3s injectisome basal body.the type iii secretion (t3s) injectisome is a specialized protein nanomachine that is critical for the pathogenicity of many gram-negative bacteria, including purveyors of plague, typhoid fever, whooping cough, sexually transmitted infections and major nosocomial infections. this syringe-shaped 3.5-mda macromolecular assembly spans both bacterial membranes and that of the infected host cell. the internal channel formed by the injectisome allows for the direct delivery of partially unfolded virul ...201627974800
structural and functional characterization of the bacterial type iii secretion export apparatus.bacterial type iii protein secretion systems inject effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells in order to promote survival and colonization of gram-negative pathogens and symbionts. secretion across the bacterial cell envelope and injection into host cells is facilitated by a so-called injectisome. its small hydrophobic export apparatus components spap and spar were shown to nucleate assembly of the needle complex and to form the central "cup" substructure of a salmonella typhimurium secretio ...201627977800
qcm-based aptamer selection and detection of salmonella typhimurium.in this study, quartz crystal microbalance (qcm) was used to select aptamers against salmonella typhimurium. to increase the success rate of systematic evolution of ligands exponential enrichment (selex), the affinity of dna pool in each round was simultaneously tracked using qcm in order to avoid the loss of high-quality aptamers. when the frequency change reached a maximum value after several rounds of selection and counter-selection, the candidate pool was cloned and sequenced. out of three a ...201727979272
development and progress for three decades in umu test systems.umu test have been widely used to predict the detection and assessment of dna- damaging chemicals in environmental genotoxicity field for three decades. this test system is more useful with respect to simplicity, sensitivity, rapidity, and reproducibility. a review of the literature on the development of the umu test is presented in this article. the contents of this article are included a description of numerous data using the umu test. this test have been fully evaluated and used in many direc ...201627980699
isolation, identification and screening of potential probiotic bacteria in milk from south african saanen goats.this study aimed to evaluate lactic acid bacteria isolates from saanen goats' milk for probiotic attributes, thereby determining their potential as direct-fed microbials for goats. isolates were identified using api 50ch system, 16s rdna sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. all 17 isolates obtained were identified as lactobacillus plantarum except one identified as pediococcus acidilactici. four isolates identified as l. plantarum (accessio ...201627981504
modulatory effects of cassia fistula fruits against free radicals and genotoxicity of mutagens.cassia fistula l. (fabaceae) fruits are highly recommended in folklore medicine for curing various ailments. in the current study, methanol (cafm), hexane (cafh), chloroform (cafcl), ethyl acetate (cafe), butanol (cafb) and aqueous (cafa) fractions of c. fistula fruits were investigated for their potential to inhibit the genotoxicity of mutagens and free radicals. the antimutagenicity of fractions was evaluated against the reactive carcinogenic ester generating mutagen, 2-aminofluorene (2-af) an ...201627984161
autophagic targeting and avoidance in intracellular bacterial infections.eukaryotic cells use autophagy to break down and recycle components such as aggregated proteins and damaged organelles. research in the past decade, particularly using salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium as a model pathogen, has revealed that autophagy can also target invading intracellular bacterial pathogens for degradation. however, many bacterial pathogens have evolved mechanisms that allow for evasion of the autophagic pathway, such as motility or direct and irreversible cleavage of pro ...201727984783
optimisation of intestinal fibrosis and survival in the mouse s. typhimurium model for anti-fibrotic drug discovery and preclinical applications.intestinal fibrosis is a frequent complication in crohn's disease [cd]. the mouse salmonella typhimurium model, due to its simplicity, reproducibility, manipulability, and penetrance, is an established fibrosis model for drug discovery and preclinical trials. however, the severity of fibrosis and mortality are host- and bacterial strain-dependent, thus limiting the original model. we re-evaluated the s. typhimurium model to optimise fibrosis and survival, using commercially available mouse strai ...201727986839
effective characterization of salmonella enteritidis by most probable number (mpn) followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods.nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) is a relevant pathogen involved in gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. in this study, we determined the capacity to combine the most probable number (mpn) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods to characterize the most important salmonella serotypes in raw sewage. a total of 499 isolates were recovered from 27 raw sewage samples and screened using two previously described multiplex pcr methods. from those, 123 isolates were selected based on pcr band ...201727987122
evaluation of the performance of the iq-check kits and the usda microbiology laboratory guidebook methods for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) and stec and salmonella simultaneously in ground beef.to evaluate the performance of the iq-check kits and the usda microbiology laboratory guidebook (mlg) methods for detection of the top seven shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) (o157:h7, o26, o45, o103, o111, o121 and o145) in ground beef and both stec and salmonella in co-inoculated samples.201727987365
salmonella typhimurium ptsj is a novel mocr-like transcriptional repressor involved in regulating the vitamin b6 salvage pathway.the vitamin b6 salvage pathway, involving pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase (pnpox) and pyridoxal kinase (plk), recycles b6 vitamers from nutrients and protein turnover to produce pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp), the catalytically active form of the vitamin. regulation of this pathway, widespread in living organisms including humans and many bacteria, is very important to vitamin b6 homeostasis but poorly understood. although some information is available on the enzymatic regulation of pnpox and plk, ...201727987384
delamanid is not metabolized by salmonella or human nitroreductases: a possible mechanism for the lack of mutagenicity.nitro-containing compounds such as nitrofuran and nitroimidazole are drugs used for the treatment of infectious diseases. however, many of these nitro-containing drugs are positive in the bacterial reverse mutation assay (ames test). the recently approved anti-multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (mdr-tb) drug, delamanid (deltyba™; opc-67683), a derivative of 4-nitroimidazole, was negative for mutagenicity in the ames assay. in salmonella typhimurium, mutagenicity of nitro compounds has been closely ...201727988333
role of t3ss-1 sipd protein in protecting mice against non-typhoidal salmonella typhimurium.salmonella enterica species are enteric pathogens that cause severe diseases ranging from self-limiting gastroenteritis to enteric fever and sepsis in humans. these infectious diseases are still the major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income countries, especially in children younger than 5 years and immunocompromised adults. vaccines targeting typhoidal diseases are already marketed, but none protect against non-typhoidal salmonella. the existence of multiple non-typhoidal salmonella s ...201627992422
a genome-scale modeling approach to quantify biofilm component growth of salmonella typhimurium.salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is an extremely dangerous foodborne bacterium that infects both animal and human subjects, causing fatal diseases around the world. salmonella's robust virulence, antibiotic-resistant nature, and capacity to survive under harsh conditions are largely due to its ability to form resilient biofilms. multiple genome-scale metabolic models have been developed to study the complex and diverse nature of this organism's metabolism; however, none of these models fu ...201727992644
molecular detection assay of five salmonella serotypes of public interest: typhimurium, enteritidis, newport, heidelberg, and hadar.foodborne illnesses due to salmonella represent an important public-health concern worldwide. in the united states, a majority of salmonella infections are associated with a small number of serotypes. furthermore, some serotypes that are overrepresented among human disease are also associated with multi-drug resistance phenotypes. rapid detection of serotypes of public-health concern might help reduce the burden of salmonellosis cases and limit exposure to multi-drug resistant salmonella. we dev ...201727993596
subinhibitory concentrations of disinfectants promote the horizontal transfer of multidrug resistance genes within and across genera.the greater abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (args) in point-of-use tap and reclaimed water than that in freshly treated water raise the question whether residual disinfectants in distribution systems facilitate the spread of args. this study investigated three widely used disinfectants (free chlorine, chloramine, and hydrogen peroxide) on promoting args transfer within escherichia coli strains and across genera from escherichia coli to salmonella typhimurium. the results demonstrated t ...201727997135
functional relatedness in the inv/mxi-spa type iii secretion system family.type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are structurally conserved nanomachines that span the inner and outer bacterial membranes, and via a protruding needle complex contact host cell membranes and deliver type iii effector proteins. t3ss are phylogenetically divided into several families based on structural basal body components. here we have studied the evolutionary and functional conservation of four t3ss proteins from the inv/mxi-spa family: a cytosolic chaperone, two hydrophobic translocators t ...201727997726
characterization of o-antigen delivered by generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) vaccine candidates against nontyphoidal salmonella.invasive nontyphoidal salmonella disease (ints) is a leading cause of death and morbidity in africa. the most common pathogens are salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. the o-antigen portion of their lipopolysaccharide is a target of protective immunity and vaccines targeting o-antigen are currently in development. here we investigate the use of generalized modules for membrane antigens (gmma) as delivery system for s. typhimurium and s. enteritidis o-antigen. gram-negative b ...201727998639
heat survival and phenotype microarray profiling of salmonella typhimurium mutants.contamination of food products by pathogenic microorganisms continues to be a major public health and food industry concern. non-typhoidal salmonella species have led to numerous outbreaks associated with various foods. a wide variety of methods have been applied and introduced for treatment of fresh foods to eliminate pathogenic as well as spoilage microorganisms. salmonella can become exposed to elevated temperatures while associated with hosts such as poultry. in addition, heat treatment is a ...201727999939
surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy introduced into the international standard organization (iso) regulations as an alternative method for detection and identification of pathogens in the food industry.we show that surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) coupled with principal component analysis (pca) can serve as a fast, reliable, and easy method for detection and identification of food-borne bacteria, namely salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, and cronobacter spp., in different types of food matrices (salmon, eggs, powdered infant formula milk, mixed herbs, respectively). the main aim of this work was to introduce the sers technique into three iso (6579:2002; 11290-1:1996/a1:2004; 22 ...201728004171
hydrophobic ionic liquids for quantitative bacterial cell lysis with subsequent dna quantification.dna is one of the most frequently analyzed molecules in the life sciences. in this article we describe a simple and fast protocol for quantitative dna isolation from bacteria based on hydrophobic ionic liquid supported cell lysis at elevated temperatures (120-150 °c) for subsequent pcr-based analysis. from a set of five hydrophobic ionic liquids, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide was identified as the most suitable for quantitative cell lysis and dna extraction beca ...201728004172
antimicrobial assay and genetic screening of selected freshwater cyanobacteria and identification of a biomolecule dihydro-2h-pyran-2-one derivative.explorations of freshwater cyanobacteria as antimicrobial (bacteria, fungi and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains) drug resource using bioassay, nrps (non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase) and pks (polyketide synthase) genes, as well as in silico approach.201728004519
assessment of antimicrobial effects of food contact materials containing silver on growth of salmonella typhimurium.food contact materials containing antibacterial properties are progressively appearing in the market. items intended to provide antimicrobial effects such as increased shelf life and food safety are incorporating silver materials during the manufacture of such products. this study examined the total silver content, release capacity, and antibacterial activity of three different silver-containing food contact materials: plastic food storage containers, a plastic cutting board, and food wrapping p ...201728007453
longitudinal study of salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:- shedding in five australian pig herds.the shedding patterns of salmonella spp. and mlva profiles of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica (i) serotype 1,4,[5],12:i:- were monitored in a 12-month longitudinal observational study of five pig herds to inform management; provide indications of potential hazard load at slaughter; and assist evaluation of mlva for use by animal and public health practitioners. twenty pooled faecal samples, stratified by age group, were collected quarterly. when salmonella was cultured, multiple colonies ...201728010904
cmc stabilized nano silver synthesis, characterization and its antibacterial and synergistic effect with broad spectrum antibiotics.in the present study silver nanoparticles were synthesized by reduction of agno3 using aqueous cmc solution, which acts as both reducing and capping agent. the formation of agno3 nanoparticles was observed visually by color change and these nanoparticles were characterized through uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, xrd, sem, eds and afm. the ftir peaks observed to be ranging from 3300 to 605cm(-1). the afm image clearly showed the surface morphology of well dispersed nanoparticles. sem image illustrates ...201728024537
hysteresis in myo-inositol utilization by salmonella typhimurium.growth of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strain 14028 with myo-inositol (mi) as the sole carbon and energy source is characterized by a bistable phenotype that manifests in a growth phenotype with an extraordinarily long and length-variable lag phase. however, in the presence of hydrogen carbonate, in the absence of iolr that represses the mi degradation pathway, or if cells are already adapted to minimal medium (mm) with mi, the lag phase is drastically shortened, and the bistable phen ...201728027601
nadph oxidase-1 deficiency offers little protection in salmonella typhimurium-induced typhlitis in mice.to test whether nox1 plays a role in typhlitis induced by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. tm) in a mouse model.201628028364
identification of a stable complex between a [nife]-hydrogenase catalytic subunit and its maturation protease.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has the ability to use molecular hydrogen as a respiratory electron donor. this is facilitated by three [nife]-hydrogenases termed hyd-1, hyd-2, and hyd-5. hyd-1 and hyd-5 are homologous oxygen-tolerant [nife]-hydrogenases. a critical step in the biosynthesis of a [nife]-hydrogenase is the proteolytic processing of the catalytic subunit. in this work, the role of the maturation protease encoded within the hyd-5 operon, hydd, was found to be partially compl ...201728029689
tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r regresses an osteosarcoma in a patient-derived xenograft model resistant to a molecular-targeting drug.osteosarcoma occurs mostly in children and young adults, who are treated with multiple agents in combination with limb-salvage surgery. however, the overall 5-year survival rate for patients with recurrent or metastatic osteosarcoma is 20-30% which has not improved significantly over 30 years. refractory patients would benefit from precise individualized therapy. we report here that a patient-derived osteosarcoma growing in a subcutaneous nude-mouse model was regressed by tumor-targeting salmone ...201728030831
molecular characterization of salmonella typhimurium isolated in brazil by crispr-mvlst.crispr-multi-locus virulence sequence typing (crispr-mvlst) was performed to type 92 s. typhimurium strains isolated from humans and food sources between 1983 and 2013 in brazil and assess the suitability of this methodology comparing it with pfge already used for subtyping the same strains. among the 92 s. typhimurium strains studied, we identified 25 crispr1 alleles, 27 crispr2 alleles, 2 fimh alleles and 3 ssel alleles showing that the genetic variability is much higher in the crisprs loci th ...201728034696
combined treatment with low concentrations of aqueous and gaseous chlorine dioxide inactivates escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium inoculated on paprika.combined treatment with gaseous and aqueous chlorine dioxide (clo2) was performed to improve the microbiological safety and quality of paprika. a single treatment of 50 ppmv clo2 gas for 30 min decreased the populations of escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella typhimurium by 2.33 and 2.91 log cfu/g, respectively. in addition, a single treatment of aqueous clo2 (50 ppm) for 5 min decreased these populations by 1.86 and 1.37, respectively. the most dramatic effects were achieved by combined trea ...201728035121
peroxiredoxin-3 is involved in bactericidal activity through the regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species.peroxiredoxin-3 (prdx3) is a mitochondrial protein of the thioredoxin family of antioxidant peroxidases and is the principal peroxidase responsible for metabolizing mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide. recent reports have shown that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mros) contribute to macrophage-mediated bactericidal activity in response to toll-like receptors. herein, we investigated the functional effect of prdx3 in bactericidal activity. the mitochondrial localization of prdx3 in hek293t ce ...201628035213
the fate of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli o157 on hot boned versus conventionally chilled beef.this study investigated the fate of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli o157 on hot boned versus conventionally chilled beef. beef samples were individually inoculated with s. typhimurium atcc 14028, s. typhimurium 844, e. coli o157 edl 933 or e. coli t13. half the samples were subject to the same time-temperature chilling profile used for conventionally chilling beef carcasses while the other half was subject to hot boned conditions. the surface ph (5.5) and aw (0.95 to 0.97) were stabl ...201728038402
dynamics of salmonella shedding and welfare of hens in free-range egg production systems.the current study investigated the effect of environmental stressors (i.e., weather changes) on salmonella shedding in free-range production systems and the correlations with behavioral and physiological measures (i.e., fecal glucocorticoid metabolites). this involved longitudinal and point-in-time surveys of salmonella shedding and environmental contamination on four commercial free-range layer farms. the shedding of salmonella was variable across free-range farms and in different seasons. ther ...201728039133
application of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine excilamp to control foodborne pathogens on sliced cheese surfaces and characterization of the bactericidal mechanisms.this study was conducted to investigate the basic spectral properties of a 222-nm krypton-chlorine (krcl) excilamp and its inactivation efficacy against major foodborne pathogens on solid media, as well as on sliced cheese compared to a conventional 254-nm low-pressure mercury (lp hg) lamp. selective media and sliced cheese inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes were irradiated with a krcl excilamp and a lp hg lamp at the sam ...201728039742
inactivation and changes in metabolic profile of selected foodborne bacteria by 460 nm led illumination.the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 460 nm light-emitting diode (led) on the inactivation of foodborne bacteria. additionally, the change in the endogenous metabolic profile of led illuminated cells was analyzed to understand the bacterial response to the led illumination. six different species of bacteria (bacillus cereus, listeria monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli o157:h7, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella typhimurium) were illuminated with 460 ...201728040158
application of low frequency pulsed ohmic heating for inactivation of foodborne pathogens and ms-2 phage in buffered peptone water and tomato juice.the purpose of this study was to inactivate foodborne pathogens effectively by ohmic heating in buffered peptone water and tomato juice without causing electrode corrosion and quality degradation. escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes were used as representative foodborne pathogens and ms-2 phage was used as a norovirus surrogate. buffered peptone water and tomato juice inoculated with pathogens were treated with pulsed ohmic heating at different frequencie ...201728040173
an integrated rotary microfluidic system with dna extraction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and lateral flow strip based detection for point-of-care pathogen diagnostics.point-of-care (poc) molecular diagnostics plays a pivotal role for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. in spite of recent advancement in microfluidic based poc devices, there are still rooms for development to realize rapid, automatic and cost-effective sample-to-result genetic analysis. in this study, we propose an integrated rotary microfluidic system that is capable of performing glass microbead based dna extraction, loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp), and colorime ...201728043075
enhancement of gastric ulcer healing and angiogenesis by hepatocyte growth factor gene mediated by attenuated salmonella in rats.the present study developed an oral hepatocyte growth factor (hgf) gene therapy strategy for gastric ulcers treatment. an attenuated salmonella typhimurium that stably expressed high hgf (named as tph) was constructed, and the antiulcerogenic effect of tph was evaluated in a rat model of gastric ulcers that created by acetic acid subserosal injection. from day 5 after injection, tph (1 × 10⁹ cfu), vehicle (tp, 1 × 10⁹ cfu), or sodium bicarbonate (model control) was administered orally every alte ...201728049228
an unusual case of septic arthritis of the hip.non-typhoidal salmonella, particularly salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is food borne pathogen causing mild self-limiting diarrhoea in healthy adults. it can occasionally cause extraintestinal focal infection in susceptible patients. salmonella, as the aetiological agent of osteomyelitis and septic arthritis is rare and has been mostly reported in patients with sickle cell disease or thalassaemia. we report a case of septic arthritis by salmonellatyphimurium in an immunocompromised patien ...201628050370
a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors and case fatality rates of invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) disease in africa (1966 to 2014).this study systematically reviews the literature on the occurrence, incidence and case fatality rate (cfr) of invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) disease in africa from 1966 to 2014. data on the burden of ints disease in africa are sparse and generally have not been aggregated, making it difficult to describe the epidemiology that is needed to inform the development and implementation of effective prevention and control policies. this study involved a comprehensive search of pubmed and embas ...201728056035
respiration of microbiota-derived 1,2-propanediol drives salmonella expansion during colitis.intestinal inflammation caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium increases the availability of electron acceptors that fuel a respiratory growth of the pathogen in the intestinal lumen. here we show that one of the carbon sources driving this respiratory expansion in the mouse model is 1,2-propanediol, a microbial fermentation product. 1,2-propanediol utilization required intestinal inflammation induced by virulence factors of the pathogen. s. typhimurium used both aerobic and anaerobic ...201728056091
erratum to: studies on the therapeutic effect of propolis along with standard antibacterial drug in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infected balb/c mice. 201728056925
surface layer protein from lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm inhibit intestinal pathogen-induced apoptosis in ht-29 cells.intestinal pathogens have been proposed to adhere to epithelial cells and cause apoptosis. this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of surface layer protein (slp, 46kda) from lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm on escherichia coli and salmonella-induced apoptosis in ht-29 cells and the mechanism of the inhibition was also studied. the slp could alleviate the chromatin condensation caused by intestinal pathogens as observed under fluorescent microscope. flow cytometry analysis showed that ...201728057572
use of carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol for biofilm eradication and resistance modifying susceptibility of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains to nalidixic acid.the aims of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial susceptibility and the biofilm eradication of three natural compounds carvacrol (car), thymol (th) and eugenol (eug), alone or in combination with nalidixic acid (na) against twelve salmonella typhimurium strains. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (bec50) of the tested compounds (car, th and eug) and their combinations with na were evaluated. in order to assess whether these bacteri ...201728062292
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