Publications

human igf1 regulates midgut oxidative stress and epithelial homeostasis to balance lifespan and plasmodium falciparum resistance in anopheles stephensi.	insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling (iis) regulates cell death, repair, autophagy, and renewal in response to stress, damage, and pathogen challenge. therefore, iis is fundamental to lifespan and disease resistance. previously, we showed that insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf1) within a physiologically relevant range (0.013-0.13 µm) in human blood reduced development of the human parasite plasmodium falciparum in the indian malaria mosquito anopheles stephensi. low igf1 (0.013 µm) i ...	2014	24968248
identification of morphological and chemical markers of dry- and wet-season conditions in female anopheles gambiae mosquitoes.	increased understanding of the dry-season survival mechanisms of anopheles gambiae in semi-arid regions could benefit vector control efforts by identifying weak links in the transmission cycle of malaria. in this study, we examined the effect of photoperiod and relative humidity on morphologic and chemical traits known to control water loss in mosquitoes.	2014	24970701
malaria-induced changes in host odors enhance mosquito attraction.	vector-borne pathogens may alter traits of their primary hosts in ways that influence the frequency and nature of interactions between hosts and vectors. previous work has reported enhanced mosquito attraction to host organisms infected with malaria parasites but did not address the mechanisms underlying such effects. here we document malaria-induced changes in the odor profiles of infected mice (relative to healthy individuals) over the course of infection, as well as effects on the attractiven ...	2014	24982164
integration of mapped rna-seq reads into automatic training of eukaryotic gene finding algorithm.	we present a new approach to automatic training of a eukaryotic ab initio gene finding algorithm. with the advent of next-generation sequencing, automatic training has become paramount, allowing genome annotation pipelines to keep pace with the speed of genome sequencing. earlier we developed genemark-es, currently the only gene finding algorithm for eukaryotic genomes that performs automatic training in unsupervised ab initio mode. the new algorithm, genemark-et augments genemark-es with a nove ...	2014	24990371
host pi(3,5)p2 activity is required for plasmodium berghei growth during liver stage infection.	malaria parasites go through an obligatory liver stage before they infect erythrocytes and cause disease symptoms. in the host hepatocytes, the parasite is enclosed by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm). here, we dissected the interaction between the plasmodium parasite and the host cell late endocytic pathway and show that parasite growth is dependent on the phosphoinositide 5-kinase (pikfyve) that converts phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [pi(3)p] into phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphospha ...	2014	24992508
characterization of the rel2-regulated transcriptome and proteome of anopheles stephensi identifies new anti-plasmodium factors.	mosquitoes possess an innate immune system that is capable of limiting infection by a variety of pathogens, including the plasmodium spp. parasites responsible for human malaria. the anopheles immune deficiency (imd) innate immune signaling pathway confers resistance to plasmodium falciparum. while some previously identified anopheles anti-plasmodium effectors are regulated through signaling by rel2, the transcription factor of the imd pathway, many components of this defense system remain uncha ...	2014	24998399
the cry toxin operon of clostridium bifermentans subsp. malaysia is highly toxic to aedes larval mosquitoes.	the management and control of mosquito vectors of human disease currently rely primarily on chemical insecticides. however, larvicidal treatments can be effective, and if based on biological insecticides, they can also ameliorate the risk posed to human health by chemical insecticides. the aerobic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis and lysinibacillus sphaericus have been used for vector control for a number of decades. but a more cost-effective use would be an anaerobic bacterium because of the eas ...	2014	25002432
first record of the asian malaria vector anopheles stephensi and its possible role in the resurgence of malaria in djibouti, horn of africa.	anopheles stephensi is an important vector of urban malaria in india and the persian gulf area. its previously known geographical range includes southern asia and the arab peninsula. for the first time, we report a. stephensi from the african continent, based on collections made in djibouti, on the horn of africa, where this species' occurrence was linked to an unusual urban outbreak of plasmodium falciparum malaria, with 1228 cases reported from february to may 2013, and a second, more severe e ...	2014	25004439
effect of ingested human antibodies induced by rts, s/as01 malaria vaccination in children on plasmodium falciparum oocyst formation and sporogony in mosquitoes.	the circumsporozoite protein (cs protein) on the malaria parasites in mosquitoes plays an important role in sporogony in mosquitoes. the rts,s/as01 malaria vaccine candidate, which has shown significant efficacy against clinical malaria in a large phase 3 trial, targets the plasmodium falciparum cs protein, but the ability of serum from vaccinated individuals to inhibit sporogony in mosquitoes has not been evaluated.	2014	25007730
gravid females of the mosquito aedes aegypti avoid oviposition on m-cresol in the presence of the deterrent isomer p-cresol.	p-cresol (4-methylphenol) and its isomer m-cresol (3-methylphenol) have been shown to activate the same sensilla in aedes aegypti (linnaeus) mosquitoes. whereas p-cresol has been suggested to play a role in oviposition site choice, the behavioral significance of m-cresol is unknown.	2014	25008201
genome-wide functional analysis of plasmodium protein phosphatases reveals key regulators of parasite development and differentiation.	reversible protein phosphorylation regulated by kinases and phosphatases controls many cellular processes. although essential functions for the malaria parasite kinome have been reported, the roles of most protein phosphatases (pps) during plasmodium development are unknown. we report a functional analysis of the plasmodium berghei protein phosphatome, which exhibits high conservation with the p. falciparum phosphatome and comprises 30 predicted pps with differential and distinct expression patt ...	0	25011111
plasmodium yoelii vitamin b5 pantothenate transporter candidate is essential for parasite transmission to the mosquito.	in nearly all non-photosynthetic cells, pantothenate (vitamin b5) transport and utilization are prerequisites for the synthesis of the universal essential cofactor coenzyme a (coa). early studies showed that human malaria parasites rely on the uptake of pantothenate across the parasite plasma membrane for survival within erythrocytes. recently, a p. falciparum candidate pantothenate transporter (pat) was characterized by functional complementation in yeast. these studies revealed that pfpat medi ...	2014	25012929
ace for all - a molecular perspective.	angiotensin-i converting enzyme (ace, ec 3.4.15.1) is a zinc dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase with an essential role in mammalian blood pressure regulation as part of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (raas). as such, it has long been targeted in the treatment of hypertension through the use of ace inhibitors. although ace has been studied since the 1950s, only recently have the full range of functions of this enzyme begun to truly be appreciated. ace homologues have been found in a ...	2014	25027949
antimalarial efficacy of dynamic compound of plumbagin chemical constituent from plumbago zeylanica linn (plumbaginaceae) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae).	in the present investigation, the effective root compound of plumbagin of plumbago zeylanica (plumbaginaceae) was evaluated for chemical constituent and antimalarial effect against the fourth instar larvae of anopheles stephensi liston (diptera). in the chromatographic analyses of root compound with rf value of 0.788 and nmr analyses also revealed that the effective compound contain naphthoquinone plumbagin were identified as the major chemical constituent. larval mortality was observed after 3 ...	2014	25028206
bckdh: the missing link in apicomplexan mitochondrial metabolism is required for full virulence of toxoplasma gondii and plasmodium berghei.	while the apicomplexan parasites plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii are thought to primarily depend on glycolysis for atp synthesis, recent studies have shown that they can fully catabolize glucose in a canonical tca cycle. however, these parasites lack a mitochondrial isoform of pyruvate dehydrogenase and the identity of the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coa remains enigmatic. here we demonstrate that the mitochondrial branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase ...	2014	25032958
wolbachia strain walbb confers both fitness costs and benefit on anopheles stephensi.	wolbachia is a maternally transmitted intracellular bacterium that is estimated to infect up to 65% of insect species, but it is not naturally present in anopheles malaria vectors. wolbachia-based strategies for malaria vector control can be developed either through population replacement to reduce vectorial capacity or through population suppression to reduce the mosquito population. we have previously generated an. stephensi mosquitoes carrying a stable walbb wolbachia infection and have demon ...	2014	25041943
measurement of parasitological data by quantitative real-time pcr from controlled human malaria infection trials at the walter reed army institute of research.	the use of quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr) has allowed for precise quantification of parasites in the prepatent period and greatly improved the reproducibility and statistical power of controlled human malaria infection (chmi) trials. parasitological data presented here are from non-immunized, control-challenged subjects who participated in two chmi trials conducted at the walter reed army institute of research (wrair).	2014	25066459
antigen export during liver infection of the malaria parasite augments protective immunity.	protective immunity against preerythrocytic malaria parasite infection is difficult to achieve. intracellular plasmodium parasites likely minimize antigen presentation by surface-expressed major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) molecules on infected cells, yet they actively remodel their host cells by export of parasite factors. whether exported liver-stage proteins constitute better candidates for mhc-i antigen presentation to cd8(+) t lymphocytes remains unknown. here, we systematica ...	2014	25073641
abc transporters are involved in defense against permethrin insecticide in the malaria vector anopheles stephensi.	proteins from the abc family (atp-binding cassette) represent the largest known group of efflux pumps, responsible for transporting specific molecules across lipid membranes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. in arthropods they have been shown to play a role in insecticide defense/resistance. the presence of abc transporters and their possible association with insecticide transport have not yet been investigated in the mosquito anopheles stephensi, the major vector of human malaria in ...	2014	25073980
co-occurrence of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant aedes aegypti populations in myanmar.	single amino acid substitutions in the voltage-gated sodium channel associated with pyrethroid resistance constitute one of the main causative factors of knockdown resistance in insects. the kdr gene has been observed in several mosquito species; however, point mutations in the para gene of aedes aegypti populations in myanmar have not been fully characterized. the aim of the present study was to determine the types and frequencies of mutations in the para gene of aedes aegypti collected from us ...	2014	25077956
mating competitiveness and life-table comparisons between transgenic and indian wild-type aedes aegypti l.	ox513a is a genetically engineered strain of aedes aegypti carrying a repressible, dominantly inherited transgene that confers lethality in immature heterozygous progeny. released male ox513a adults have proven to be effective for the localised suppression of wild ae. aegypti, highlighting its potential in vector control. mating and life-table assessments were used to compare ox513a with reared ae. aegypti strains collected from new delhi and aurangabad regions in india.	2014	25078081
exposure to disinfectants (soap or hydrogen peroxide) increases tolerance to permethrin in anopheles gambiae populations from the city of yaoundé, cameroon.	the rapid expansion of insecticide resistance is limiting the efficiency of malaria vector control interventions. however, current knowledge of factors inducing pyrethroid resistance remains incomplete. in the present study, the role of selection at the larval stage by disinfectants, such as soap and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2), on adult mosquito resistance to permethrin was investigated.	2014	25086741
carum copticum l.: a herbal medicine with various pharmacological effects.	carum copticum l. commonly known as "ajwain" is cultivated in many regions of the world including iran and india, states of gujarat and rajasthan. traditionally, c. copticum has been used in the past for various therapeutic effects including bloating, fatigue, diarrhea, abdominal tumors, abdominal pain, respiratory distress, and loss of appetite. it has other health benefits such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and hypolipidemic effects. this plant contains different im ...	2014	25089273
baculovirus-vectored multistage plasmodium vivax vaccine induces both protective and transmission-blocking immunities against transgenic rodent malaria parasites.	a multistage malaria vaccine targeting the pre-erythrocytic and sexual stages of plasmodium could effectively protect individuals against infection from mosquito bites and provide transmission-blocking (tb) activity against the sexual stages of the parasite, respectively. this strategy could help prevent malaria infections in individuals and, on a larger scale, prevent malaria transmission in communities of endemicity. here, we describe the development of a multistage plasmodium vivax vaccine wh ...	2014	25092912
standardization of a bottle assay--an indigenous method for laboratory and field monitoring of insecticide resistance and comparison with who adult susceptibility test.	the who adult susceptibility test is in use for insecticide resistance monitoring. presently, materials are being imported from the universiti sains malaysia, malaysia and sometimes it is cost prohibitive. as an alternative, we present here a method of bottle bioassay using indigenous material. different aspects related to the assay were studied and validated in the field. bottle assay was standardized in the laboratory by using locally sourced material and laboratory-maintained insecticide-susc ...	2014	25098343
towards seasonal forecasting of malaria in india.	malaria presents public health challenge despite extensive intervention campaigns. a 30-year hindcast of the climatic suitability for malaria transmission in india is presented, using meteorological variables from a state of the art seasonal forecast model to drive a process-based, dynamic disease model.	2014	25108445
chemical interrogation of the malaria kinome.	malaria, an infectious disease caused by eukaryotic parasites of the genus plasmodium, afflicts hundreds of millions of people every year. both the parasite and its host utilize protein kinases to regulate essential cellular processes. bioinformatic analyses of parasite genomes predict at least 65 protein kinases, but their biological functions and therapeutic potential are largely unknown. we profiled 1358 small-molecule kinase inhibitors to evaluate the role of both the human and the malaria k ...	2014	25111632
vectored antibody gene delivery protects against plasmodium falciparum sporozoite challenge in mice.	malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum kills nearly one million children each year and imposes crippling economic burdens on families and nations worldwide. no licensed vaccine exists, but infection can be prevented by antibodies against the circumsporozoite protein (csp), the major surface protein of sporozoites, the form of the parasite injected by mosquitoes. we have used vectored immunoprophylaxis (vip), an adeno-associated virus-based technology, to introduce preformed antibody genes encod ...	2014	25114213
native microbiome impedes vertical transmission of wolbachia in anopheles mosquitoes.	over evolutionary time, wolbachia has been repeatedly transferred between host species contributing to the widespread distribution of the symbiont in arthropods. for novel infections to be maintained, wolbachia must infect the female germ line after being acquired by horizontal transfer. although mechanistic examples of horizontal transfer exist, there is a poor understanding of factors that lead to successful vertical maintenance of the acquired infection. using anopheles mosquitoes (which are ...	2014	25114252
depletion of regulatory t cells augments a vaccine-induced t effector cell response against the liver-stage of malaria but fails to increase memory.	regulatory t cells (t(reg)) have been shown to restrict vaccine-induced t cell responses in different experimental models. in these studies cd4(+)cd25(+) t(reg) were depleted using monoclonal antibodies against cd25, which might also interfere with cd25 on non-regulatory t cell populations and would have no effect on foxp3(+)cd25(-) t(reg). to obtain more insights in the specific function of t(reg) during vaccination we used mice that are transgenic for a bacterial artificial chromosome expressi ...	2014	25115805
a user friendly method to assess anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) vector fitness: fecundity.	fecundity, bloodmeal size, and survival are among the most important parameters in the overall fitness of mosquitoes. impact of an intervention that affects fecundity can be assessed by directly counting the eggs laid by exposed mosquitoes, which is usually done manually. we have developed a macroinstruction, which can be used to count thousands of anopheles stephensi liston eggs in a few minutes, to provide an alternative and adaptable method to egg counting as a measure of fecundity. the macro ...	2014	25118416
the effects of genetic manipulation, dieldrin treatment and irradiation on the mating competitiveness of male anopheles arabiensis in field cages.	to enable the release of only sterile male anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes for the sterile insect technique, the genetic background of a wild-type strain was modified to create a genetic sexing strain ano ipcl1 that was based on a dieldrin resistance mutation. secondly, the eggs of ano ipcl1 require treatment with dieldrin to allow complete elimination of female l1 larvae from the production line. finally, male mosquito pupae need to be treated with an irradiation dose of 75 gy for sterilization ...	2014	25125089
pharmacological aspects of nerium indicum mill: a comprehensive review.	phytomedicine is the oldest medical practice known to man. since the dawn of mankind, various plant resources are used to cure different diseases and also for a long and healthy life. the ancient knowledge of plant based medicine has transferred from generations to generations and accumulated as ethnopharmacological knowledge among different ethnic groups. india is the spanning bed of traditional phytomedicinal system where ayurveda was born out of the knowledge of traditional medicine. in vario ...	0	25125887
mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis of salivary glands of urban malaria vector anopheles stephensi.	salivary gland proteins of anopheles mosquitoes offer attractive targets to understand interactions with sporozoites, blood feeding behavior, homeostasis, and immunological evaluation of malaria vectors and parasite interactions. to date limited studies have been carried out to elucidate salivary proteins of an. stephensi salivary glands. the aim of the present study was to provide detailed analytical attributives of functional salivary gland proteins of urban malaria vector an. stephensi. a pro ...	2014	25126571
sodium channel point mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in chinese strains of culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).	pesticide resistance due to sodium channel point mutations has been well documented in many mosquito species.	2014	25128988
silver nanoparticles: a possibility for malarial and filarial vector control technology.	green synthesis technology is one of the rapid, reliable and best routes for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps). there are bioactive compounds with enormous potential in azadirachta indica (neem). the extraordinary mosquitoes warrant nanotechnology to integrate with novel molecules. this will be sustainable technology for future. here, we synthesized agnps using aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of az. indica (neem). we tested agnps as larvicides, pupicides and adulticides against t ...	2014	25132567
circumsporozoite protein-specific k(d)-restricted cd8+ t cells mediate protective antimalaria immunity in sporozoite-immunized mhc-i-k(d) transgenic mice.	although the roles of cd8+ t cells and a major preerythrocytic antigen, the circumsporozoite (cs) protein, in contributing protective antimalaria immunity induced by radiation-attenuated sporozoites, have been shown by a number of studies, the extent to which these players contribute to antimalaria immunity is still unknown. to address this question, we have generated c57bl/6 (b6) transgenic (tg) mice, expressing k(d) molecules under the mhc-i promoter, called mhc-i-k(d)-tg mice. in this study, ...	2014	25132735
4-1bbl enhances cd8+ t cell responses induced by vectored vaccines in mice but fails to improve immunogenicity in rhesus macaques.	t cells play a central role in the immune response to many of the world's major infectious diseases. in this study we investigated the tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily costimulatory molecule, 4-1bbl (cd137l, tnfsf9), for its ability to increase t cell immunogenicity induced by a variety of recombinant vectored vaccines. to efficiently test this hypothesis, we assessed a number of promoters and developed a stable bi-cistronic vector expressing both the antigen and adjuvant. co-expressi ...	2014	25140889
mosquito cell lines: history, isolation, availability and application to assess the threat of arboviral transmission in the united kingdom.	mosquitoes are highly effective vectors for transmission of human and animal pathogens. understanding the relationship between pathogen and vector is vital in developing strategies to predict and prevent transmission. cell lines derived from appropriate mosquito hosts provide a relatively simple tool for investigating the interaction between the host and viruses transmitted by mosquitoes. this review provides a brief overview of the development of mosquito cell lines, methods of isolation, their ...	2014	25141888
adulticidal properties of synthesized silver nanoparticles using leaf extracts of feronia elephantum (rutaceae) against filariasis, malaria, and dengue vector mosquitoes.	mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. i ...	2014	25146645
characterizing, controlling and eliminating residual malaria transmission.	long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) interventions can reduce malaria transmission by targeting mosquitoes when they feed upon sleeping humans and/or rest inside houses, livestock shelters or other man-made structures. however, many malaria vector species can maintain robust transmission, despite high coverage of llins/irs containing insecticides to which they are physiologically fully susceptible, because they exhibit one or more behaviours that define the b ...	2014	25149656
molecular characterization of calreticulin from anopheles stephensi midgut cells and functional assay of the recombinant calreticulin with plasmodium berghei ookinetes.	transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) that target the antigens on the midgut epithelium of anopheles mosquitoes are among the promising tools for the elimination of the malaria parasite. characterization and analysis of effective antigens is the first step to design tbvs. calreticulin (crt), a lectin-like protein, from anopheles albimanus midgut, has shown antigenic features, suggesting a promising and novel tbv target. crt is a highly conserved protein with similar features in vertebrates and i ...	2014	25150160
preferential feeding success of laboratory reared anopheles stephensi mosquitoes according to abo blood group status.	recent epidemiological evidences revealed a higher rate of o blood group in the residents of malaria-endemic areas suggesting that groups a, b, and ab associated with a higher disease severity and fatality. also recent data showed the low prevalence of ab group within the malaria-endemic residents in south of iran and india. the aim of this study was to determine the abo blood groups preference of anopheles stephensi which is the main malaria vector in iran, southwest asia, and india. an. stephe ...	2014	25151045
mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of polianthes tuberosa plants extract against anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus.	mosquito control by phytochemicals is an alternative method to synthetic insecticides, as it is biodegradable and non resistant to vector mosquito. polianthes tuberosa is a perennial plant distributed in many parts of india. the present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the larvicide and biting deterrency activity of bud of polianthes tuberosa against culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi. crude and solvent extract [ethyl acetate, chloroform: methanol (1:1, v/v), acetone] ...	2012	25151752
wolbachia do not live by reproductive manipulation alone: infection polymorphism in drosophila suzukii and d. subpulchrella.	drosophila suzukii recently invaded north america and europe. populations in hawaii, california, new york and nova scotia are polymorphic for wolbachia, typically with <20% infection frequency. the wolbachia in d. suzukii, denoted wsuz, is closely related to wri, the variant prevalent in continental populations of d. simulans. wsuz is also nearly identical to wolbachia found in d. subpulchrella, plausibly d. suzukii's sister species. this suggests vertical wolbachia transmission through cladogen ...	2014	25156506
ssp3 is a novel plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein with a role in gliding motility.	plasmodium sporozoites develop within oocysts in the mosquito midgut wall and then migrate to the salivary glands. after transmission, they embark on a complex journey to the mammalian liver, where they infect hepatocytes. proteins on the sporozoite surface likely mediate multiple steps of this journey, yet only a few sporozoite surface proteins have been described. here, we characterize a novel, conserved sporozoite surface protein (ssp3) in the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii. ssp3 i ...	2014	25156733
interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria.	malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in humans and responsible for approximately 500 million clinical cases and 500 thousand deaths annually. acquired adaptive immune responses control parasite replication and infection-induced pathologies. most infections are clinically silent which reflects on the ability of adaptive immune mechanisms to prevent the disease. however, a minority of these can become severe and life-threatening, manifesting a range of overlapping syndromes of co ...	2014	25157202
foeniculum vulgare mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology.	foeniculum vulgare mill commonly called fennel has been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of ailments related to digestive, endocrine, reproductive, and respiratory systems. additionally, it is also used as a galactagogue agent for lactating mothers. the review aims to gather the fragmented information available in the literature regarding morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of foeniculum vulgare. it also compiles available scientific ...	2014	25162032
a cysteine protease inhibitor of plasmodium berghei is essential for exo-erythrocytic development.	plasmodium parasites express a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteases (icp) throughout their life cycle. to analyze the role of icp in different life cycle stages, we generated a stage-specific knockout of the plasmodium berghei icp (pbicp). excision of the pbicb gene occurred in infective sporozoites and resulted in impaired sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes, despite residual pbicp protein being detectable in sporozoites. the vast majority of these parasites invading a cultured hepatocyte cell ...	2014	25166051
comparative assessment of diverse strategies for malaria vector population control based on measured rates at which mosquitoes utilize targeted resource subsets.	eliminating malaria requires vector control interventions that dramatically reduce adult mosquito population densities and survival rates. indoor applications of insecticidal nets and sprays are effective against an important minority of mosquito species that rely heavily upon human blood and habitations for survival. however, complementary approaches are needed to tackle a broader diversity of less human-specialized vectors by killing them at other resource targets.	2014	25168421
the ecology and larval habitats characteristics of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in aligudarz county (luristan province, western iran).	to determine ecology and characteristics of the larval habitats of the genus anopheles (dipetra: culicidae) in aligudarz county, western iran.	0	25183088
characterization of larval habitats for anopheline mosquitoes in a malarious area under elimination program in the southeast of iran.	to determine the effects of environmental characteristics of larval habitats on distribution and abundance of anopheline mosquitoes in bashagard county, a malarious area in southeast of iran.	0	25183151
from blue light to clock genes in zebrafish zem-2s cells.	melanopsin has been implicated in the mammalian photoentrainment by blue light. this photopigment, which maximally absorbs light at wavelengths between 470 and 480 nm depending on the species, is found in the retina of all classes of vertebrates so far studied. in mammals, melanopsin activation triggers a signaling pathway which resets the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn). unlike mammals, drosophila melanogaster and danio rerio do not rely only on their eyes to perceive light ...	2014	25184495
the plasmodium bottleneck: malaria parasite losses in the mosquito vector.	nearly one million people are killed every year by the malaria parasite plasmodium. although the disease-causing forms of the parasite exist only in the human blood, mosquitoes of the genus anopheles are the obligate vector for transmission. here, we review the parasite life cycle in the vector and highlight the human and mosquito contributions that limit malaria parasite development in the mosquito host. we address parasite killing in its mosquito host and bottlenecks in parasite numbers that m ...	2014	25185005
the remarkable journey of adaptation of the plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite to new world anopheline mosquitoes.	plasmodium falciparum originated in africa, dispersed around the world as a result of human migration and had to adapt to several different indigenous anopheline mosquitoes. anophelines from the new world are evolutionary distant form african ones and this probably resulted in a more stringent selection of plasmodium as it adapted to these vectors. it is thought that plasmodium has been genetically selected by some anopheline species through unknown mechanisms. the mosquito immune system can gre ...	0	25185006
metagenomics, paratransgenesis and the anopheles microbiome: a portrait of the geographical distribution of the anopheline microbiota based on a meta-analysis of reported taxa.	anophelines harbour a diverse microbial consortium that may represent an extended gene pool for the host. the proposed effects of the insect microbiota span physiological, metabolic and immune processes. here we synthesise how current metagenomic tools combined with classical culture-dependent techniques provide new insights in the elucidation of the role of the anopheles-associated microbiota. many proposed malaria control strategies have been based upon the immunomodulating effects that the ba ...	2014	25185007
distinct temporal recruitment of plasmodium alveolins to the subpellicular network.	the zoite stages of malaria parasites (merozoite, ookinete and sporozoite) possess a distinctive cortical structure termed the pellicle, which is defined by a double membrane layer named the inner membrane complex (imc). the imc is supported by a cytoskeleton of intermediate filaments, termed the subpellicular network (spn). plasmodium imc1 proteins, or alveolins, make up a conserved family of structurally related proteins that comprise building blocks of the spn. here, using green fluorescent p ...	2014	25185663
environmental temperatures significantly change the impact of insecticides measured using whopes protocols.	insecticides are critical components of malaria control programmes. in a variety of insect species, temperature plays a fundamental role in determining the outcome of insecticide exposure. however, surprisingly little is known about how temperature affects the efficacy of chemical interventions against malaria vectors.	2014	25187231
isolation and identification of culturable bacteria from wild anopheles culicifacies, a first step in a paratransgenesis approach.	due to the effect of midgut bacteria on proliferation of parasites and their potential as paratransgenesis tools, their identification in malaria vector mosquitoes is important. anopheles culicifacies s.l. is one of the main malaria vectors in asia; however, its midgut microbiota remains un-studied. this work was primarily designed to isolate potential candidates for use in a paratransgenesis approach, but also to give a picture of the midgut microbiota of wild-caught an. culicifacies larvae and ...	2014	25189316
aav8-mediated in vivo overexpression of mir-155 enhances the protective capacity of genetically attenuated malarial parasites.	malaria, caused by protozoan plasmodium parasites, remains a prevalent infectious human disease due to the lack of an efficient and safe vaccine. this is directly related to the persisting gaps in our understanding of the parasite's interactions with the infected host, especially during the clinically silent yet essential liver stage of plasmodium development. previously, we and others showed that genetically attenuated parasites (gap) that arrest in the liver induce sterile immunity, but only u ...	2014	25189739
dynamics of midgut microflora and dengue virus impact on life history traits in aedes aegypti.	significant morbidity and potential mortality following dengue virus infection is a re-emerging global health problem. due to the limited effectiveness of current disease control methods, mosquito biologists have been searching for new methods of controlling dengue transmission. while much effort has concentrated on determining genetic aspects to vector competence, paratransgenetic approaches could also uncover novel vector control strategies. the interactions of mosquito midgut microflora and p ...	2014	25193134
evolution of plastic transmission strategies in avian malaria.	malaria parasites have been shown to adjust their life history traits to changing environmental conditions. parasite relapses and recrudescences--marked increases in blood parasite numbers following a period when the parasite was either absent or present at very low levels in the blood, respectively--are expected to be part of such adaptive plastic strategies. here, we first present a theoretical model that analyses the evolution of transmission strategies in fluctuating seasonal environments an ...	2014	25210974
sterile immunity to malaria after dna prime/adenovirus boost immunization is associated with effector memory cd8+t cells targeting ama1 class i epitopes.	fifteen volunteers were immunized with three doses of plasmid dna encoding p. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (csp) and apical membrane antigen-1 (ama1) and boosted with human adenovirus-5 (ad) expressing the same antigens (dna/ad). four volunteers (27%) demonstrated sterile immunity to controlled human malaria infection and, overall, protection was statistically significantly associated with elispot and cd8+ t cell ifn-γ activities to ama1 but not csp. dna priming was required for protectio ...	2014	25211344
microscopic and molecular characterization of hepatozoon domerguei (apicomplexa) and foleyella furcata (nematoda) in wild endemic reptiles from madagascar.	madagascar is one of the world's top twelve "megadiversity" hot spots hosting unique and threatened flora and fauna. parasites are a major component of biodiversity but remain largely uncharacterized in wildlife. in this study we combine microscopic and molecular assessment of hemoparasites in endemic reptile species from madagascar. we detected three distinct parasites: the apicomplexans hepatozoon and sarcocystis, and filarial nematodes. the prevalence and intensity of these apicomplexans were ...	2014	25224723
solvatochromic behaviour and larvicidal activity of acridine-3-carboxylates.	a new series of substituted ethyl 10-chloro-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-12-phenyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]acridine-3-carboxylates, 3a-e have been synthesized through naoh base mediated cyclocondensation of (e)-7-chloro-2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-9-phenyl-3,4-dihydroacridin-1(2h)-ones, 1a-e with ethyl acetoacetate. structures of these synthesized molecules were studied by ft-ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and ei-ms. and all the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their uv-absorption studi ...	2014	25240425
green nanoparticles for mosquito control.	here, we have used the green method for synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. in the present study the silver (ag) and gold (au) nanoparticles (nps) were synthesized by using the aqueous bark extract of indian spice dalchini (cinnamomum zeylanicum) (c. zyelanicum or c. verum j. presl). additionally, we have used these synthesized nanoparticles for mosquito control. the larvicidal activity has been tested against the malaria vector anopheles stephensi and filariasis vector culex quinquefasc ...	2014	25243210
genome analysis of a major urban malaria vector mosquito, anopheles stephensi.	anopheles stephensi is the key vector of malaria throughout the indian subcontinent and middle east and an emerging model for molecular and genetic studies of mosquito-parasite interactions. the type form of the species is responsible for the majority of urban malaria transmission across its range.	2014	25244985
injury and immune response: applying the danger theory to mosquitoes.	the insect immune response can be activated by the recognition of both non-self and molecular by-products of tissue damage. since pathogens and tissue damage usually arise at the same time during infection, the specific mechanisms of the immune response to microorganisms, and to tissue damage have not been unraveled. consequently, some aspects of damage caused by microorganisms in vector-borne arthropods have been neglected. we herein reassess the anopheles-plasmodium interaction, incorporating ...	2014	25250040
role of micrornas in arbovirus/vector interactions.	the role of micrornas (mirnas) as small non-coding rnas in regulation of gene expression has been recognized. they appear to be involved in regulation of a wide range of cellular pathways that affect several biological processes such as development, the immune system, survival, metabolism and host-pathogen interactions. arthropod-borne viruses impose great economic and health risks around the world. recent advances in mirna biology have shed some light on the role of these small rnas in vector-v ...	2014	25251636
evaluation of the murine immune response to xenopsylla cheopis flea saliva and its effect on transmission of yersinia pestis.	arthropod-borne pathogens are transmitted into a unique intradermal microenvironment that includes the saliva of their vectors. immunomodulatory factors in the saliva can enhance infectivity; however, in some cases the immune response that develops to saliva from prior uninfected bites can inhibit infectivity. most rodent reservoirs of yersinia pestis experience fleabites regularly, but the effect this has on the dynamics of flea-borne transmission of plague has never been investigated. we exami ...	2014	25255317
population dynamics of mosquitoes and malaria vector incrimination in district charsadda, khyber pakhtunkhwa (kp) pakistan.	this study aimed to obtain updated information on mosquito diversity and malaria vector incrimination in charsadda khyber pakhtunkhwa to help in devising effective control and preventive measures in the area. monthly survey of indoor mosquitoes for one year was carried out in three villages, dhaki totaqi and mathra. female anopheline were used to detect circumsporozoites protein (csp) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. among 17 mosquito species, culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles splendidus ...	2015	25255965
zipco, a putative metal ion transporter, is crucial for plasmodium liver-stage development.	the malaria parasite, plasmodium, requires iron for growth, but how it imports iron remains unknown. we characterize here a protein that belongs to the zip (zrt-, irt-like protein) family of metal ion transport proteins and have named zip domain-containing protein (zipco). inactivation of the zipco-encoding gene in plasmodium berghei, while not affecting the parasite's ability to multiply in mouse blood and to infect mosquitoes, greatly impairs its capacity to develop inside hepatocytes. iron/zi ...	2014	25257508
humanized hla-dr4.ragko.il2rγcko.nod (drag) mice sustain the complex vertebrate life cycle of plasmodium falciparum malaria.	malaria is a deadly infectious disease affecting millions of people in tropical and sub-tropical countries. among the five species of plasmodium parasites that infect humans, plasmodium falciparum accounts for the highest morbidity and mortality associated with malaria. since humans are the only natural hosts for p. falciparum, the lack of convenient animal models has hindered the understanding of disease pathogenesis and prompted the need of testing anti-malarial drugs and vaccines directly in ...	2014	25266106
immunization of mice with live-attenuated late liver stage-arresting plasmodium yoelii parasites generates protective antibody responses to preerythrocytic stages of malaria.	understanding protective immunity to malaria is essential for the design of an effective vaccine to prevent the large number of infections and deaths caused by this parasitic disease. to date, whole-parasite immunization with attenuated parasites is the most effective method to confer sterile protection against malaria infection in clinical trials. mouse model studies have highlighted the essential role that cd8(+) t cells play in protection against preerythrocytic stages of malaria; however, th ...	2014	25267837
in silico models for predicting vector control chemicals targeting aedes aegypti.	human arboviral diseases have emerged or re-emerged in numerous countries worldwide due to a number of factors including the lack of progress in vaccine development, lack of drugs, insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, climate changes, societal behaviours, and economical constraints. thus, aedes aegypti is the main vector of the yellow fever and dengue fever flaviviruses and is also responsible for several recent outbreaks of the chikungunya alphavirus. as for the other mosquito species, the a. ...	2014	25275884
larvicidal, repellent, and irritant potential of the seed-derived essential oil of apium graveolens against dengue vector, aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae).	aedes aegypti l. is one of the primary disease vectors spreading various dreadful diseases throughout the world, specifically over tropics and subtropics. keeping in view the adverse effects of chemical insecticides-based intervention measures, the eco-friendly and bio-degradable essential oil extracted from the seeds of celery, apium graveolens were investigated for its efficacy against ae. aegypti. larvicidal bioassay carried out with the seed oil against early fourth instars of ae. aegypti ca ...	2014	25279371
plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles and its control of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilm and blood sucking mosquito larvae.	in this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles were biologically synthesized using the leaf extract of plectranthus amboinicus (pam-zno nps). the synthesized pam-zno nps were characterized by uv-vis spectrophotometer, ftir, tem and xrd analysis. tem analysis of pam-zno nps showed the average size of about 20-50 nm. pam-zno nps control the growth of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilms (mrsa atcc 33591) at the concentration of 8-10 μg/ml. confocal laser scanning microscope (clsm) images ...	2015	25280336
mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of anophelines and their association with resistance to pyrethroids - a review.	constant and extensive use of chemical insecticides has created a selection pressure and favored resistance development in many insect species worldwide. one of the most important pyrethroid resistance mechanisms is classified as target site insensitivity, due to conformational changes in the target site that impair a proper binding of the insecticide molecule. the voltage-gated sodium channel (nav) is the target of pyrethroids and ddt insecticides, used to control insects of medical, agricultur ...	2014	25292318
durability of protective fabrics against dengue vector aedes albopictus in northeastern india.		0	25297368
evaluation of plant-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles against vector mosquitoes.	diseases transmitted by blood-feeding mosquitoes, such as dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, japanese encephalitis, malaria, and filariasis, are increasing in prevalence, particularly in tropical and subtropical zones. to control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases, which have worldwide health and economic impacts, synthetic insecticide-based interventions are still necessary, particularly in situations of epidemic outbreak and sudden increases of adult mosquitoes. green nanoparticle syn ...	2014	25300419
susceptibility to plasmodium yoelii preerythrocytic infection in balb/c substrains is determined at the point of hepatocyte invasion.	after transmission by anopheles mosquitoes, plasmodium sporozoites travel to the liver, infect hepatocytes, and rapidly develop as intrahepatocytic liver stages (ls). rodent models of malaria exhibit large differences in the magnitude of liver infection, both between parasite species and between strains of mice. this has been mainly attributed to differences in innate immune responses and parasite infectivity. here, we report that balb/cbyj mice are more susceptible to plasmodium yoelii preeryth ...	2014	25312960
in vitro activity of waladin benzimidazoles against different life cycle stages of plasmodium parasites.	waladin1 benzimidazoles are specific inhibitors of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase from wolbachia endobacteria of filarial nematodes. we report that waladin1 and two derivatives killed blood stage plasmodium falciparum in vitro (50% inhibitory concentrations, 39, 7.7, and 12.8 μm, respectively). one of these derivatives inhibited gliding motility of plasmodium berghei anka infectious sporozoites with nanomolar affinity and blocked invasion into hepatocytes but did not affect intrahepatocytic r ...	2014	25313210
screening of rubiaceae and apocynaceae extracts for mosquito larvicidal potential.	rubiaceae and apocynaceae families are well known for the expression of cyclotides having insecticidal properties. leaves and flowers extracts of plants from the families rubiaceae (ixora coccinea) and apocynaceae (allamanda violacea) were evaluated for mosquito larvicidal effect against early ivth instars of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. two forms of plant extracts, one untreated and the other treated with heat and proteolytic enzyme were used for assay. after primary assay, the extrac ...	2015	25317964
adulticidal and smoke toxicity of cipadessa baccifera (roth) plant extracts against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus.	mosquito vectors are responsible for the transmission of parasitic and viral infections, including loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in developing countries with tropical and subtropical climates. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the adulticidal and smoke toxicity of cipadessa baccifera (roth) against three important mosquitoes vectors, anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). adult mortality was observed after 24-h recovery ...	2015	25320044
emerging vector-borne zoonoses: eco-epidemiology and public health implications in india.	the diseases originating from animals or associated with man and animals are remerging and have resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality. the present review highlights the re-emergence of emerging mainly zoonotic diseases like chikungunya, scrub typhus, and extension of spatial distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis from western rajasthan to himachal pradesh, kerala, and haryana states; west nile virus to assam, and non-endemic areas of japanese encephalitis (je) like maharashtra and je ...	2014	25325052
evaluation of the efficacy of chad63-mva vectored vaccines expressing circumsporozoite protein and me-trap against controlled human malaria infection in malaria-naive individuals.	circumsporozoite protein (cs) is the antigenic target for rts,s, the most advanced malaria vaccine to date. heterologous prime-boost with the viral vectors simian adenovirus 63 (chad63)-modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) is the most potent inducer of t-cells in humans, demonstrating significant efficacy when expressing the preerythrocytic antigen insert multiple epitope-thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (me-trap). we hypothesized that chad63-mva containing cs may result in a significant ...	2014	25336730
multiorganismal insects: diversity and function of resident microorganisms.	all insects are colonized by microorganisms on the insect exoskeleton, in the gut and hemocoel, and within insect cells. the insect microbiota is generally different from microorganisms in the external environment, including ingested food. specifically, certain microbial taxa are favored by the conditions and resources in the insect habitat, by their tolerance of insect immunity, and by specific mechanisms for their transmission. the resident microorganisms can promote insect fitness by contribu ...	2014	25341109
population genetic structure of malaria vector anopheles stephensi using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii gene in indian populations.	the genetic differentiation in a. stephensi based on haplotype diversity using restriction fragment length polymorphism and bysequencing of co ii gene across different localities in india has been analyzed. the presence of only one drai restriction site in co ii gene conferred to haplotype b indicating that the gene is very much conserved and the gene flow is not affected even by a major geographical distance barrier. the sequencing and analysisof various population parameters revealed seven hap ...	2014	25345249
the heme biosynthesis pathway is essential for plasmodium falciparum development in mosquito stage but not in blood stages.	heme is an essential cofactor for aerobic organisms. its redox chemistry is central to a variety of biological functions mediated by hemoproteins. in blood stages, malaria parasites consume most of the hemoglobin inside the infected erythrocytes, forming nontoxic hemozoin crystals from large quantities of heme released during digestion. at the same time, the parasites possess a heme de novo biosynthetic pathway. this pathway in the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum has been considered ...	2014	25352601
mosquitocidal bacillus amyloliquefaciens: dynamics of growth & production of novel pupicidal biosurfactant.	a strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens (vcrc b483) producing mosquito larvicidal and pupicidal biosurfactant was isolated from mangrove forest soil. the present study was aimed at studying the kinetics of growth and production of the mosquitocidal biosurfactant by this bacterium.	0	25366212
mosquito larvicidal properties of mirabilis jalapa (nyctaginaceae) against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti & culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).		0	25366214
severe plasmodium knowlesi infection with multi-organ failure imported to germany from thailand/myanmar.	during the last two decades human infections with plasmodium knowlesi are increasingly diagnosed in south east asia and have also been reported in travellers. a severe case of imported p. knowlesi infection in a 73-year old german is presented, who had been travelling through myanmar and thailand for three weeks. microscopy showed a parasitaemia of 3% and different parasite stages including band-forms resembling plasmodium malariae. due to the clinical picture of severe malaria and the microscop ...	2014	25367021
genomic and bioinformatic analysis of nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase in anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae).	the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (p450) enzyme system is a major mechanism of xenobiotic biotransformation. the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph)-cytochrome p450 reductase (cpr) is required for transfer of electrons from nadph to p450. one cpr gene was identified in the genome of the malaria-transmitting mosquito anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). the gene encodes a polypeptide containing highly conserved flavin mononucleotide-, flavin adenine dinucleotide-, and ...	2014	25368081
a replicating adenovirus capsid display recombinant elicits antibodies against plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in aotus nancymaae monkeys.	decades of success with live adenovirus vaccines suggest that replication-competent recombinant adenoviruses (rads) could serve as effective vectors for immunization against other pathogens. to explore the potential of a live rad vaccine against malaria, we prepared a viable adenovirus 5 (ad5) recombinant that displays a b-cell epitope from the circumsporozoite protein (csp) of plasmodium falciparum on the virion surface. the recombinant induced p. falciparum sporozoite-neutralizing antibodies i ...	2014	25368113
malaria mosquitoes host-locate and feed upon caterpillars.	adult female mosquitoes need blood to develop their eggs and both sexes use nectar and honeydew as carbohydrate resources for flight, survival and to enhance reproduction. however, there are also a few reports in the literature of mosquitoes feeding on haemolymph of soft-bodied insects such as caterpillars. the frequency and significance of this entomophagous behavior is not well understood, but is thought to be a vestige of ancestral feeding behavior or an opportunistic behavior that has evolve ...	2014	25372720
ant colonies prefer infected over uninfected nest sites.	during colony relocation, the selection of a new nest involves exploration and assessment of potential sites followed by colony movement on the basis of a collective decision making process. hygiene and pathogen load of the potential nest sites are factors worker scouts might evaluate, given the high risk of epidemics in group-living animals. choosing nest sites free of pathogens is hypothesized to be highly efficient in invasive ants as each of their introduced populations is often an open netw ...	2014	25372856
plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein encapsulated in oligomannose-coated liposomes confers protection against sporozoite infection in mice.	the design and development of an effective malaria vaccine against the pre-erythrocytic and erythrocytic-stages of infection present a great challenge.	2014	25373617
lead clinical and preclinical antimalarial drugs can significantly reduce sporozoite transmission to vertebrate populations.	to achieve malarial elimination, we must employ interventions that reduce the exposure of human populations to infectious mosquitoes. to this end, numerous antimalarial drugs are under assessment in a variety of transmission-blocking assays which fail to measure the single crucial criteria of a successful intervention, namely impact on case incidence within a vertebrate population (reduction in reproductive number/effect size). consequently, any reduction in new infections due to drug treatment ...	2014	25385107
detection and isolation of the α-proteobacterium asaia in culex mosquitoes.	investigations of microbiota within mosquitoes continue to widen the spectrum of possible symbiont-based applications against vector-borne diseases. in this context, α-proteobacteria of the genus asaia (rhodospirillales: acetobacteraceae) are emerging as possible endosymbiotic candidates, particularly in paratransgenic approaches aimed at interrupting pathogen transmission. previous studies have shown that asaia spp. distribution among anopheles gambiae and anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicida ...	2014	25387864
ipathcons and ipathdb: an improved insect pathway construction tool and the database.	insects are one of the most successful animal groups on earth. some insects, such as the silkworm and honeybee, are beneficial to humans, whereas others are notorious pests of crops. at present, the genomes of 38 insects have been sequenced and made publically available. in addition, the transcriptomes of dozens of insects have been sequenced. as gene data rapidly accumulate, constructing the pathway of molecular interactions becomes increasingly important for entomological research. here, we de ...	2014	25388589