Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| brucellosis in camels, cattle and humans: associations and evaluation of serological tests used for diagnosis of the disease in certain nomadic localities in sudan. | brucellosis was studied in 2,225 camels, 20 camel nomads and 33 abattoir workers in certain nomadic localities in sudan, using serum and milk samples. lymph nodes, testicular tissues and udder tissues from positive camels and hygroma aspirates from three affected cows were used for isolation of brucella. serum samples were examined by rose bengal plate test (rbpt), modified rbpt (mrbpt), serum agglutination test (sat) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa), and milk by the mi ... | 2010 | 21309464 |
| a camel through the eye of a needle: expertise and the late recognition of asbestos-related diseases. | the aim of this study is to provide new insights into the late recognition of asbestos-related diseases in contemporary societies. it addresses the role of expert culture in the identification, management, and control of asbestos risks, and examines the contribution of these processes to the late recognition and minimization of risks. after focusing first on spain, the article presents three historical case studies to illustrate some shortcomings of the expert explanatory model. first, the narro ... | 2011 | 21319725 |
| hepatotoxicosis in dogs consuming a diet of camel meat contaminated with indospicine. | four dogs presented with clinical signs of severe hepatic disease after consuming a commercial camel meat diet. | 2011 | 21323657 |
| the camel curve: the icing on the transpulmonary thermodilution cake. | 2011 | 21330879 | |
| milk production and feeding behavior in the camel (camelus dromedarius) during 4 watering regimens. | camels survive and produce milk during recurrent prolonged hot and dry periods. the objective was to evaluate how different watering intervals affected milk production and feeding. eight lactating camels (camelus dromedarius) were recruited and subjected to 4 watering regimens in a latin square design experiment performed at haramaya university in ethiopia. each regimen lasted 16 d with 5 d of daily watering between periods: water was offered at 1,315 h once daily (w1); on d 4, 8, 12, and 16 (w4 ... | 2011 | 21338796 |
| contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ceus) of lesions occupying renal space. indications, limits, personal experience. | in focal kidney disease, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (ceus) using 2nd generation contrast enhancement allows continuous dynamic assessment of the arterial, venous and late perfusion phases of the renal parenchyma, as well as of focal lesions. ceus is particularly useful in cases of an uncertain diagnosis after the performance of unenhanced ultrasound (us) and echocolordoppler (ecd) (e.g. dromedary humps, hypertrophic column of bertin, outcomes of pyelonephritis), and for differential diagnosis ... | 2010 | 21341566 |
| microarray-based genotyping of staphylococcus aureus isolates from camels. | staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of mastitis and other diseases in camels. in order to obtain data on population structure as well as on the carriage of toxin genes and resistance markers, a collection of 45 isolates from dromedaries of dubai, united arab emirates, were genotyped. these isolates belonged to clonal complexes cc6 (twenty isolates; 44.44%), cc30 (sixteen isolates; 35.56%), cc188 (five isolates; 11.11%), cc152 (1 isolate, 2.2%) and to a previously un-described sequence type ( ... | 2011 | 21353401 |
| genetic parameters for growth of fiber diameter in alpacas. | the alpaca is the most important fiber producer of the south american camelid species, and is an important source of income for the andean communities. nowadays, fiber diameter is considered the main selection objective in alpaca populations throughout the world. however, fiber diameter increases with the age of the animals, and it would be preferable to select those animals that maintain a thin fiber throughout their life span. the goal of this study was to describe the genetic relationship bet ... | 2011 | 21357447 |
| cloning and phylogenetic analysis of interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a (tnf-a) from indian dromedaries (camelus dromedarius). | the cdnas of two proinflammatory cytokines viz., il-6 and tnf-a from dromedarian camels were amplified by pcr using bactrian camel sequences and subsequently cloned for sequence analysis. relationship based on amino acid revealed that dromedarian camel il-6 shared 99.5% identity both at nucleotide and amino acid level with bactrian camel il-6 and in case of tnf-a, the identity of dromedarian camel was 99.4% and 99.1% at nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively with that of bactrian camel. p ... | 2011 | 21367455 |
| molecular epidemiology of camel trypanosomiasis based on its1 rdna and rotat 1.2 vsg gene in the sudan. | internal transcribed spacer one (its1) of the ribosomal dna is known to be a suitable target for pcr-based detection of trypanosomes. the analysis of this region provides a multi-species-specific diagnosis by a single pcr. using its1 primer-based pcr, a cross sectional study was carried out in the period from september to november 2009 on samples collected from 687 camels from geographically distinct zones in the sudan to detect all possible african trypanosomes, which can infect camels. | 2011 | 21375725 |
| a content analysis of camel snus advertisements in print media. | researchers have questioned whether the r.j. reynolds tobacco company is marketing camel snus as a product for nontobacco users, smokeless-tobacco users, or cigarette smokers. the objective of this study was to examine advertisements of camel snus in print media to determine the most likely audience of intent. | 2011 | 21385907 |
| about camel breeds: a reevaluation of current classification systems. | summary: this article revaluates the current dromedary breed classifications based on leese's (1927) division into hills, riverine and plains camel according to camel breeding zones, and the even earlier distinction by cross (1917) and leonard (1894) between baggage and riding camels. it is suggested that these classifications are inappropriate to portray the wide variety of camel breeds actually existing, since they do not accurately reflect the ecological context of camel breeding and also dep ... | 1993 | 21395704 |
| liegeverhalten und diurnale verteilung der liegeperioden von dromedaren*. | zusammenfassung: in kenia und in indien wurde je eine dromedarherde von ca. 70 bzw. ca. 85 tieren tagsüber und nachts beobachtet. ermittelt wurde in 30 min abständen die zahl der liegenden tiere. die übliche liegeposition von kamelen ist in zusammenhang mit besonderen morphologischen strukturen zu sehen. die dromedare lagen fast ausschließlich (kenia) bzw. weit überwiegend (indien) nachts. das liegen nahm in beiden herden bei den stuten fast die hälfte des 24-stunden-tages ein. es werden verglei ... | 1994 | 21395795 |
| zoo-fish analysis with 7 human chromosome specific libraries detects conserved regions between human and camel (camelus dromedarius). | chromosomal homologies between individual human chromosomes and the camel karyotype have been established by using heterologous chromosome painting experiments called zoo-fish. biotin-labelled dna libraries from seven flow-sorted human chromosomes were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) on camel chromosomes. human dna libraries 3, 4, 13, 14, 15, 19 and 21 hybridized to camel chromosomes 2, 6, 7, 21, 25, 32 and 33, were used in identifying and delineating 10 segments of ... | 1997 | 21395831 |
| ptaa and b10: new approaches to amyloid detection in tissue-evaluation of amyloid detection in tissue with a conjugated polyelectrolyte and a fibril-specific antibody fragment. | we analysed the suitability of two little known substances for the detection of amyloid in surgical pathology specimens, that is the conjugated polyelectrolyte polythiophene acetic acid (ptaa) and the camelid antibody domain b10. | 2011 | 21401323 |
| prp-specific camel antibodies with the ability to immunodetect intracellular prion protein. | 2011 | 21411680 | |
| embryo transfer in the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius) using non-ovulated and ovulated, asynchronous progesterone-treated recipients. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the use of exogenous progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (ecg) in non-ovulated and ovulated, asynchronous dromedary camel recipients being prepared for an embryo transfer programme. the uteri of 12 mated donor camels were flushed non-surgically 7 days after ovulation and 42 embryos were recovered. in experiment 1, 16 embryos were transferred non-surgically to recipients on day 3 or 4 after ovulation (ov+3 and ov+4, respectively). each r ... | 2011 | 21426862 |
| prevalence, biology, pathology, and public health importance of linguatulosis of camel in iran. | linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasite with its adult form occurring in the nasal and respiratory passages of canids as the definitive hosts, while its immature stages localize in the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, and, rarely, in other organs, such as the ocular region of herbivorous intermediate hosts. humans can behave as both intermediate and final host and are infected by visceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis. consumption of infected, improperly cooked vis ... | 2011 | 21442154 |
| chromosome painting in tragulidae facilitates the reconstruction of ruminantia ancestral karyotype. | although tragulidae, as the basal family in ruminantia phylogenetic tree, is the key taxon for understanding the early chromosome evolution of extant ruminants, comparative molecular cytogenetic data on the tragulids are scarce. here, we present the first genome-wide comparative map of the java mouse deer (tragulus javanicus, tragulidae) revealed by chromosome painting with human and dromedary probes. together with the published comparative maps of major representative cetartiodactyl species est ... | 2011 | 21445689 |
| structural basis of recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines by camel peptidoglycan recognition protein. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are involved in the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. the well known pathogen-associated molecular patterns include lps from gram-negative bacteria and lipoteichoic acid (lta) from gram-positive bacteria. in this work, the crystal structures of two complexes of the short form of camel pgrp (cpgrp-s) with lps and lta determined at 1.7- and 2.1-å resolutions, respectively, are reported. both compounds were held firmly inside the compl ... | 2011 | 21454594 |
| age-related changes in the anatomical characteristics of peyer's patches in small intestine of bactrian camels (camelus bactrianus). | the distribution, size, and appearance of peyer's patches vary according to species. in order to determine the anatomical characteristics of peyer's patches in small intestine of bactrian camel, and age-related changes in the number of peyer's patches, 40 bactrian camels of the following four age groups were studied: young (0.5-2 years), pubertal (3-5 years), middle-aged (6-16 years), and old (17-20 years). the exact number of peyer's patches was recorded, and the appearance of peyer's patches w ... | 2011 | 21461871 |
| structure and stability analysis of cytotoxic complex of camel α-lactalbumin and unsaturated fatty acids produced at high temperature. | α-lactalbumin α-la), together with oleic acid can be converted to a complex, which kills tumor cells selectively. cytotoxic α-la -oleic acid and α-la -linoleic acid complexes were generated by adding fatty acid to camel holo α-la at 60 ° c (referred to as la-oa-60 and la-la-60 state, respectively). structural properties of these complexes were studied and compared to the camel α-la. the experimental results show that linoleic acid induces α-la partial unfolding but oleic acid does not change the ... | 2011 | 21469752 |
| characterization of complete genomes of camelus dromedarius papillomavirus type 1 and 2. | camel papillomatosis has been previously described but the genome of the suspected papillomavirus (pv) has not been identified. an outbreak of papillomatosis occurred in a dromedary farm of 55 animals in sudan during august 2009. the disease was only present in young animals about 3-7 months old, of which 44 % (11/25) were affected with lesions mainly on the lips and lower jaw. here we report for the first time the complete genomes of camelus dromedarius papillomavirus type 1 (cdpv1) and 2 (cdpv ... | 2011 | 21471319 |
| initial stage of cheese production: a molecular modeling study of bovine and camel chymosin complexed with peptides from the chymosin-sensitive region of κ-casein. | bovine chymosin has long been the preferred enzyme used to coagulate cow's milk, in the initial stage of cheese production, during which it cleaves a specific bond in the milk protein κ-casein. recently, camel chymosin has been shown to have a 70% higher clotting activity toward cow's milk and, moreover, to cleave κ-casein more selectively. bovine chymosin, on the other hand, is a poor clotting agent toward camel's milk. this paper reports a molecular modeling study aimed at understanding this d ... | 2011 | 21476511 |
| preclinical screening of anti-her2 nanobodies for molecular imaging of breast cancer. | accurate determination of tumor human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2)-status in breast cancer patients is possible via noninvasive imaging, provided adequate tracers are used. in this study, we describe the generation of a panel of 38 nanobodies, small her2-binding fragments that are derived from heavy-chain-only antibodies raised in an immunized dromedary. in search of a lead compound, a subset of nanobodies was biochemically characterized in depth and preclinically tested for use as ... | 2011 | 21478264 |
| ["camel nanoantibody" is an efficient tool for research, diagnostics and therapy]. | this short review provides an introduction to the rapidly developing field of generation and utilization of "camel nanoantibodies" (or "nanobodies"). the term "nanoantibody" or "nanobody" was given to single-domain variable fragments of special type of antibodies that naturally exist (in addition to classical types of antibodies) in blood of camelidae family animals and in some chondrichthyan fishes. the existence of very efficient technology of nanobody generation and some very useful character ... | 2011 | 21485499 |
| sequence analysis of topoisomerase gene of pseudocowpoxvirus isolates from camels (camelus dromedarius). | topoisomerase gene of pseudocowposvirus from indian dromedarian camel was amplified by pcr using the primers of pcpv from finnish reindeer and cloned into pgem-t for sequence analysis. analysis of amino acid identity revealed that indian pcpv of camel shared 95.9-96.8 with pcpv of reindeer, 96.2-96.5 with orfv and 87.5 with bpsv. | 2011 | 21501639 |
| genotypic characterization of iranian camel ( camelus dromedarius ) isolates of echinoccocus granulosus. | abstract in the present study, echinoccocus granulosus isolates collected from camels ( camelus dromedarius ) in eastern iran were characterized based on the nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial co1 and ndi genes. the molecular results for camel isolates demonstrated that at least 2 different genotypes are present, i.e., a buffalo genotype (g3) and the camel genotype (g6). although the sequences of the iranian camel genotype (g6) are completely homologous to the reference sequence of g6 (m84666 ... | 2011 | 21506869 |
| cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to cladophialophora bantiana in a huacaya alpaca (vicugnapacos). | cerebral phaeohyphomycosis, caused by cladophialophora bantiana, was diagnosed in a huacaya alpaca (vicugna pacos). an 8-year-old, intact male huacaya alpaca from a farm in indiana was found dead at pasture and submitted to the animal disease diagnostic laboratory at purdue university for necropsy examination. gross lesions were limited to the cerebrum, which had a 2×2.5×5cm, well-demarcated, firm, mottled, pale grey to brown-red mass with a granular texture, centered on the left and right cingu ... | 2011 | 21511274 |
| expression and genomic analyses of camelus dromedarius t cell receptor delta (trd) genes reveal a variable domain repertoire enlargement due to cdr3 diversification and somatic mutation. | by a combination of rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) we identified three t cell receptor delta variable (trdv) subgroups and five joining (trdj) genes expressed in spleen, tonsils and blood of camelus dromedarius. we provide evidence that the high diversity in sequence and length of the third complementarity determining region (cdr3) is a major component of the tr delta chain variability. moreover, the identification of the corr ... | 2011 | 21511341 |
| oral tobacco products: preference and effects among smokers. | background: recently, oral tobacco products have been marketed specifically towards cigarette smokers. these products come in different nicotine doses and formulations (snus vs. lozenge). to date, little research has been conducted to determine how smokers respond to these products. the goal of this study was to examine if smokers prefer certain oral tobacco products based on their specific characteristics. methods: smokers interested in quitting underwent a sampling phase and a treatment phase. ... | 2011 | 21515003 |
| populations and production of fat-tailed and fat-rumped sheep in the horn of africa. | the six countries comprising the horn of africa are djibouti, eritrea, ethiopia, kenya, sudan and somalia. together, they cover an area of just under 5 million square kilometres and support a human population of 17.7 million at an average density of 38.15 people per square kilometre (although in the purely pastoral areas population density is probably of the order of 15-16 people per square kilometre). the horn is a major repository of domestic animal biodiversity and genetic resources and is ho ... | 2011 | 21516441 |
| analysis and modeling of the variable region of camelid single-domain antibodies. | camelids have a special type of ab, known as heavy chain abs, which are devoid of classical ab light chains. relative to classical abs, camelid heavy chain abs (cabs) have comparable immunogenicity, ag recognition diversity and binding affinities, higher stability and solubility, and better manufacturability, making them promising candidates for alternate therapeutic scaffolds. rational engineering of cabs to improve therapeutic function requires knowledge of the differences of sequence and stru ... | 2011 | 21525384 |
| differential expression and characterization of proto-oncogene product ha-ras gtpase in camel tissues. | pas proto-oncogene product is known to be involved in transducing signals for growth, differentiation and oncogenesis in mammalian cells. using a monoclonal antibody to human ha-ras, a camel homolog of ha-ras protein having an apparent molecular mass of 21 kda was identified. the expression level of ha-ras protein in various tissues of camel was compared with that of mouse tissues. in camel it was found that expression of ha-ras protein was highest in the kidney and moderate in the liver. expres ... | 1997 | 21528179 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of il-2, il-4 and ifn-γ from indian dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius). | the cdnas of three cytokines, viz., il-2, il-4 and ifn-γ from dromedary camels were amplified by pcr using bactrian camel sequences and subsequently cloned for sequence analysis. relationship based on amino acid sequences revealed that dromedary camel il-2 shared 99.5% and 99.3% identity at the nucleotide and amino acid levels with bactrian camel il-2. in the case of il-4, the identity of dromedary camel was 99.7% and 99.2% at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively with that of bactr ... | 2011 | 21529863 |
| isolation and optimization of camelid single-domain antibodies: dirk saerens' work on nanobodies. | it is well established that all camelids have unique antibodies circulating in their blood. unlike antibodies from all other species, these special antibodies are devoid of light chains, and are composed of a heavy chain homodimer. these so-called heavy-chain antibodies (hcabs) are expressed after a v-d-j rearrangement and require dedicated constant gamma genes. an immune response is raised in these hcabs following a classical immunization protocol. these hcabs are easily purified from serum, an ... | 2010 | 21537479 |
| federated querying architecture with clinical & translational health it application. | we present a software architecture that federates data from multiple heterogeneous health informatics data sources owned by multiple organizations. the architecture builds upon state-of-the-art open-source java and xml frameworks in innovative ways. it consists of (a) federated query engine, which manages federated queries and result set aggregation via a patient identification service; and (b) data source facades, which translate the physical data models into a common model on-the-fly and handl ... | 2011 | 21537849 |
| effect of green buffer storage on the fertility of fresh camel semen after artificial insemination. | artificial insemination (ai) is one of the most widely used reproductive technologies, and there is considerably interest in commercializing this technology in camels. storage of semen extender frozen (at -20°c) is of considerable interest to scientists working with camels, as transportation of diluents at refrigeration temperature is not always possible given the hot, arid and remote conditions that dromedary camels exist in. therefore, this study was conducted to compare the fertility of fresh ... | 2011 | 21545653 |
| ovarian hydrobursitis in female camels (camelus dromedarius): clinical findings, histopathology and fertility after unilateral surgical ablation. | this study was undertaken to verify the clinical signs, incidence, location, etiology and pathology of ovarian hydrobursitis in infertile female camels and estimate the fertility after unilateral surgical ablation. genital organs (n = 124) were examined in camels slaughtered at makkah abattoir during hajj of 2009. infertile female camels (n = 142) presented for management to the veterinary teaching hospital, qassim university, saudi arabia, were clinically examined and ultrasound-scanned for the ... | 2011 | 21550102 |
| characterization of the microanatomy and histopathology of placentas from aborted, stillborn, and normally delivered alpacas (vicugna pacos) and llamas (lama glama). | from 2002 to 2007, 101 camelid abortions and stillbirths were submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratory at oregon state university (84 alpacas [vicugna pacos], 13 llamas [lama glama], 4 unknown). for most cases (n = 67), a cause was not determined by routine testing. eighty-five submissions included placenta for microscopic examination, of which 55 were from abortions to unknown causes (idiopathic). microscopic features of placentas from abortion/stillbirth were compared with those from ... | 2011 | 21551426 |
| an anti-hapten camelid antibody reveals a cryptic binding site with significant energetic contributions from a nonhypervariable loop. | conventional anti-hapten antibodies typically bind low-molecular weight compounds (haptens) in the crevice between the variable heavy and light chains. conversely, heavy chain-only camelid antibodies, which lack a light chain, must rely entirely on a single variable domain to recognize haptens. while several anti-hapten vhhs have been generated, little is known regarding the underlying structural and thermodynamic basis for hapten recognition. here, an anti-methotrexate vhh (anti-mtx vhh) was ge ... | 2011 | 21557375 |
| nematomorph parasites drive energy flow through a riparian ecosystem. | parasites are ubiquitous in natural systems and ecosystem-level effects should be proportional to the amount of biomass or energy flow altered by the parasites. here we quantified the extent to which a manipulative parasite altered the flow of energy through a forest-stream ecosystem. in a japanese headwater stream, camel crickets and grasshoppers (orthoptera) were 20 times more likely to enter a stream if infected by a nematomorph parasite (gordionus spp.), corroborating evidence that nematomor ... | 2011 | 21560690 |
| retail promotions and perceptions of r.j. reynold's novel dissolvable tobacco in a u.s. test market. | abstract: background: with declining cigarette sales, tobacco manufacturers have been developing and marketing new smokeless products, such as r. j. reynolds' dissolvable tobacco, camel sticks, strips and orbs. this study assessed the availability, price and point-of-purchase promotional strategies for camel dissolvables, and investigated consumer awareness, interest and perception of these products in the indiana test market. methods: a retail audit of point-of-purchase promotions was conducted ... | 2011 | 21569637 |
| diagnostic evaluation of a nanobody with picomolar affinity toward the protease rgpb from porphyromonas gingivalis. | porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major periodontitis-causing pathogens. p. gingivalis secretes a group of proteases termed gingipains, and in this study we have used the rgpb gingipain as a biomarker for p. gingivalis. we constructed a naive camel nanobody library and used phage display to select one nanobody toward rgpb with picomolar affinity. the nanobody was used in an inhibition assay for detection of rgpb in buffer as well as in saliva. the nanobody was highly specific for rgpb given ... | 2011 | 21569755 |
| zoonotic cases of camelpox infection in india. | this study reports the first conclusive evidence of zoonotic camelpox virus (cmlv) infection in humans associated with outbreaks in dromedarian camels (camelus dromedaries) in northwest region of india during 2009. cmlv infection is usually restricted to camels and causes localised skin lesions but occasionally leads to generalised form of disease. however, the present outbreak involved camel handlers and attendants with clinical manifestations such as papules, vesicles, ulceration and finally s ... | 2011 | 21571451 |
| evaluation of a nanobody phage display library constructed from a brucella-immunised camel. | brucella are invasive gram-negative bacteria that multiply and survive within eukaryotic cells causing brucellosis. syrian (and middle east) health and economy sectors are still affected by this disease causing a serious national problem that needs to be solved. here, a strategy was developed to introduce a new generation of binders, known as nanobodies (nbs) in our combat against brucella. these nbs, recombinant single-domain variable fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies are ve ... | 2011 | 21592585 |
| carcinogenic tobacco-specific n-nitrosamines in us cigarettes: three decades of remarkable neglect by the tobacco industry. | background modification of tobacco curing methods and other changes in cigarette manufacturing techniques could substantially reduce the levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (tsna), a group of potent carcinogens, in cigarette smoke. in 1999, two major us cigarette manufacturers stated their intent to move towards using tobaccos low in tsna. there is no information available on current tsna levels in tobacco of various cigarettes available in the us, particularly in the newer varieties introdu ... | 2011 | 21602537 |
| specific cell targeting with nanobody conjugated branched gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy. | branched gold nanoparticles are potential photothermal therapy agents because of their large absorption cross section in the near infrared window. upon laser irradiation they produce enough heat to destroy tumor cells. in this work, branched gold nanoparticles are biofunctionalized with nanobodies, the smallest fully functional antigen-binding fragments evolved from the variable domain, the vhh, of a camel heavy chain-only antibody. these anti-her2 nanobodies bind to the her2 antigen which is hi ... | 2011 | 21609027 |
| whole genomic analysis reveals the complex evolutionary dynamics of kenyan g2p[4] human rotavirus strains. | although g2p[4] rotaviruses are common causes of acute childhood diarrhoea in africa, to date, there are no reports on whole genomic analysis of african g2p[4] strains. in this study, the nearly complete genome sequences of two kenyan g2p[4] strains, ak26 and d205, detected in 1982 and 1989, respectively, were analyzed. strain d205 exhibited a ds-1-like genotype constellation, whilst strain ak26 appeared to be an intergenogroup reassortant with a wa-like nsp2 genotype on the ds-1-like genotype c ... | 2011 | 21613446 |
| [general overview of camel parasites and the situation in turkey.] | the aim of this review is overview the main protozoan, arthropoda and helminthic parasites seen in camels and to evaluate the publications related to camel parasites in turkey. in different parts of the world, trichostrongylose, mange, nasal myiasis and trypanosomiasis are the most common parasitic diseases found in camels. hydatic cyst larval stage of e. granulosus is important both economically and in terms of public health. it is also emphasized that the records concerning parasites of the tu ... | 2011 | 21618196 |
| effect of camel milk on glycemic control and insulin requirement in patients with type 1 diabetes: 2-years randomized controlled trial. | background/objectives:hypoglycemic effect of camel milk supplementation in experimental rat model and significant reduction in doses of insulin in type 1 diabetic patients have been observed in our previous studies. this long-term study was undertaken to assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of camel milk as an adjunct to insulin therapy in type 1 diabetics.subjects/methods:in this 2-year randomized clinical, parallel design study, 24 type 1 diabetics were enrolled and divided into two g ... | 2011 | 21629270 |
| accelerated neuronal cell recovery from botulinum neurotoxin intoxication by targeted ubiquitination. | botulinum neurotoxin (bont), a category a biodefense agent, delivers a protease to motor neuron cytosol that cleaves one or more soluble nsf attachment protein receptors (snare) proteins involved in neurotransmission to cause a flaccid paralysis. no antidotes exist to reverse symptoms of bont intoxication so severely affected patients require artificial respiration with prolonged intensive care. time to recovery depends on toxin serotype because the intraneuronal persistence of the seven known b ... | 2011 | 21629663 |
| brucellosis in camels. | camels are highly susceptible to brucellosis caused by brucella melitensis and brucella abortus. difficulties can arise in diagnosis of camel brucellosis, especially as this disease provokes only few clinical signs in contrast to its clinical course in cattle. because none of the commonly used serological test can be perceived as a perfect test for brucella diagnosis in camel and most serological tests used for camels have been directly transposed from cattle without adequate validation, an inco ... | 2011 | 21632084 |
| morphological forms of trypanosoma evansi from blood of arabian camel (camelus dromedarius) in the riyadh metropolitan areas. | trypanosoma evansi is commonly referred to as haemoflagellate infesting camels and other vertebrates. it is causative agent of number of diseases. t. evansi has several morphological forms. we have detected three forms in the blood of camels, slender, transitional and intermediate. the present study is the first investigation on the morphological forms of t. evansi in arabian camels in saudi arabia. | 2011 | 21634239 |
| trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camel: with a case report of zoonosis in greater cairo, egypt. | trypanosoma evansi (steel, 1885) balbiani, is the cause of trypanosomiasis (surra) which multiples in the blood and body fluids. the incubation period varies from 7-15 days. the mortality rate was up to 20% and fatality rate may reach up to 100% in untreated camels. three hundred randomly selected camels were 200 males 4-6 years old and 100 females 10-15 years. they were examined clinically and diagnosed by giemsa stained blood smear, anti- trypanosomiasis-antibodies by elisa and urine thymol tu ... | 2011 | 21634243 |
| diagnosis of tuberculosis in camelids: old problems, current solutions and future challenges. | in spite of great efforts for its control and eradication, tuberculosis remains one of the most important zoonosis worldwide. its causative agents, the members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, have a wide host range that complicates the epidemiology of this disease. among susceptible species to these pathogens, camelids from the new world (llama, alpaca and vicuña) and old world (bactrian camel and dromedary) are acquiring an increasing importance in several european countries because ... | 2011 | 21635699 |
| factors influencing the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating dromedary camels in riyadh region, saudi arabia. | the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in camels in riyadh, saudi arabia and the factors influencing its incidence. a total of 740 quarter milk samples were collected from 47 camel herds belonging to majahim, maghatir, shu'l, and sufer breeds. california mastitis test (cmt) was used as a screening test for subclinical mastitis. samples giving negative or trace cmt scores (0) were assigned to healthy quarters, while those giving positive scores of 1+ to ... | 2011 | 21637994 |
| pathology and molecular diagnosis of paratuberculosis of camels. | camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including saudi arabia. paratuberculosis of camels, locally called silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the arabian camel. six camels were used in this study. five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and confirm its aetiology. the sixth camel was clinically healthy and used as a control. the camels were examined clinically and bled for haematological a ... | 2011 | 21643659 |
| risk factors associated with prevalence and major bacterial causes of mastitis in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius) under different production systems. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in desert environment of jhang (pakistan) from november 2008 to october 2009 on she-camels kept under pastoralist conditions to determine the prevalence of mastitis, impact of risk factors, and isolate the dominant mastitis-causing bacteria on total of 150 lactating she-camels by using clinical examination and surf field mastitis test. from the 150 she-camels examined, 69 (46%) were positive for mastitis at animal level, 12 (8%) clinical, and 57 (38%) subcli ... | 2011 | 21660648 |
| population genetics of trypanosoma evansi from camel in the sudan. | genetic variation of microsatellite loci is a widely used method for the analysis of population genetic structure of microorganisms. we have investigated genetic variation at 15 microsatellite loci of t. evansi isolated from camels in sudan and kenya to evaluate the genetic information partitioned within and between individuals and between sites. we detected a strong signal of isolation by distance across the area sampled. the results also indicate that either, and as expected, t. evansi is pure ... | 2011 | 21666799 |
| prevalence and pathology of dermatophilosis in camels (camelus dromedaries) in iran. | gross and histopathologic lesions of the integumentary system were studied in 103 camels (camelus dromedarius) slaughtered in yazd province of iran. dermatophilosis was diagnosed in 14 (13.6%) of the studied camels. grossly, patchy thickening of the skin with dark brown scabs or crusts were observed on the rump, flanks, abdomen, shoulders, and neck. a heavy infestation with brown hard ticks was present on the lesions in almost all of the affected camels. on parasitology examination, all the tick ... | 2011 | 21667076 |
| transmigration of beta amyloid specific heavy chain antibody fragments across the in vitro blood-brain barrier. | previously selected amyloid beta recognizing heavy chain antibody fragments (vhh) affinity binders derived from the camelid heavy chain antibody repertoire were tested for their propensity to cross the blood-brain barrier (bbb) using an established in vitro bbb co-culture system. of all tested vhh, ni3a showed highest transmigration efficiency which is, in part, facilitated by a three amino acid substitutions in its n-terminal domain. additional studies indicated that the mechanism of transcellu ... | 2011 | 21683126 |
| Protocol for high-resolution electrophoresis separation of myosin heavy chain isoforms in bovine skeletal muscle. | In this short communication we describe a specific protocol for SDS-PAGE separation of adult bovine myosin heavy-chain (MyHC) isoforms. The conditions defined in this protocol allow a good separation with a good reproducibility of the four MyHC isoforms (MyHC I, IIa, IIx, IIb) identified in adult skeletal muscle of this species. This procedure uses mini-gel electrophoresis system and does not involve preparation of gradient separating gels. In addition, this protocol can also be applied to the e ... | 2011 | 21688279 |
| vulvar pythiosis in two captive camels (camelus dromedarius). | two camels (camelus dromedarius), 3- and 4-years-old, respectively, from an eastern tennessee wildlife farm presented with persistent weight loss and large vulvar masses. an initial biopsy of the vulvar mass of one of the camels performed by a local veterinarian showed eosinophilic dermatitis. an allergic or parasitic dermatitis was suspected. the two camels were treated with one dose of sodium iodide (66 mg/kg, in 1.0 l of normosolr, iv) and ivermectin 1% (200 ug/kg po). upon presentation at th ... | 2011 | 21696258 |
| high affinity nanobodies against the trypanosome brucei vsg are potent trypanolytic agents that block endocytosis. | the african trypanosome trypanosoma brucei, which persists within the bloodstream of the mammalian host, has evolved potent mechanisms for immune evasion. specifically, antigenic variation of the variant-specific surface glycoprotein (vsg) and a highly active endocytosis and recycling of the surface coat efficiently delay killing mediated by anti-vsg antibodies. consequently, conventional vsg-specific intact immunoglobulins are non-trypanocidal in the absence of complement. in sharp contrast, mo ... | 2011 | 21698216 |
| selenium and copper status of camels in al-jouf area (saudi arabia). | in order to understand the changes in copper and selenium status in camel dam and calf around the calving period, blood samples were collected in 26 she-camel before delivery and after as well as their calves after birth. the mean values for the mother and their newborn were respectively 70.3ôçë-¦ôçë19.8 and 58.6ôçë-¦ôçë13.9-á++g/100-áml for copper, 5.3ôçë-¦ôçë3.7 and 4.6ôçë-¦ôçë1.7-á++g/100-áml for selenium. no change was observed for copper, but selenium increased after parturition in 81% of t ... | 2011 | 21698520 |
| camel milk: an alternative for cow's milk allergy in children. | treatment of cow's milk allergy (cma) in children includes avoidance of cow's milk and providing a milk substitute. this study was designed to determine whether cma children could safely consume camel's milk as an alternative, and skin-prick test (spt) to camel's milk could be a reliable tool in selecting them. between april 2007 and february 2010, children with confirmed cma seen at the allergy-immunology clinic, hamad medical corp., were enrolled into this prospective cohort study. subjects ha ... | 2011 | 21703103 |
| Topographical anatomy and desensitization of the pudendal nerve in adult male dromedary camels. | The objectives of this study were to describe the topographical anatomy of the pudendal nerve and to develop techniques of its blocking in adult male dromedary camels. Two cadavers and 30 adult male dromedary camels were used for the description of topographical anatomy and pudendal nerve block techniques, respectively. Results revealed that the pudendal nerve arises from the ventral branches of the 2(nd) and 3(rd) sacral spinal nerves. The nerve had three divisions; dorsal, middle, and ventral. ... | 2011 | 21705059 |
| hard ticks on one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in southeast, iran. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the diversity and intensity of ticks found on camels (camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in kerman, southeast of iran. for this purpose, a total of 426 tick specimens were collected from 217 infested camels in southeast of iran during activating seasons of ticks (april 2009 to march 2010). the species collected from camel were hyalomma dromedarii (84.7%), hyalomma marginatum (8.7%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.4%) ... | 2011 | 21720786 |
| effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of desert camel muscle (camelus dromedarius). | thirty fattened one humped desert camels were used to examine the effect of season on contractile and metabolic properties of longissimus thoracis (lt) muscle. ten camels were slaughtered according to seasons of the year (winter, summer and autumn). season significantly influenced muscle chemical composition, ultimate ph (phu) and color. activities of metabolic enzymes were higher during autumn season compared to summer and winter for phosphofructokinase (+64% compared to both seasons) and for i ... | 2011 | 21737209 |
| unique strategies to control reproduction in camels. | the reproductive efficiency of camels is low under natural pastural conditions and so the use of artifical insemination and embryo transfer are becoming increasingly important to improve their breeding potential. methods to control their reproductive cycle are therefore essential. this review describes characteristics of the ovarian follicular wave pattern in camels and exogenous hormonal control of ovulation. it also summarizes the difficulties involved with artifical insemination and analyzing ... | 2010 | 21755692 |
| immunological aspects of scorpion toxins: current status and perspectives. | significant progress has been made in immunological studies of scorpion toxins and several formats of antibodies directed against scorpion toxins have been reported. some of these are commonly used in a specific treatment against envenoming; others are primarily used for immuno-biochemical characterizations. the preparation protocol of the antibody or its fragments can be substantially different from one laboratory to another, which complicates a direct comparison of the potency of the antivenom ... | 2011 | 21756244 |
| evidence against gb virus c infection in dromedary camels. | a recent publication described finding gb virus c (gbv-c) rna in 4 of 22 dromedary camel sera, and sequence analysis found that these viruses were phylogenetically clustered within human gbv-c isolates. since all other gb viruses to date form monophyletic groups according to their host species, the close relationship between the sequences generated from camel sera and human gbv-c isolates seemed implausible, leading us to conduct an independent analysis of the sequences. our investigation found ... | 2011 | 21757300 |
| asian lineage of peste des petits ruminants virus, africa. | interest in peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) has been stimulated by recent changes in its host and geographic distribution. for this study, biological specimens were collected from camels, sheep, and goats clinically suspected of having pprv infection in sudan during 2000-2009 and from sheep soon after the first reported outbreaks in morocco in 2008. reverse transcription pcr analysis confirmed the wide distribution of pprv throughout sudan and spread of the virus in morocco. molecular ty ... | 2011 | 21762576 |
| natural burkholderia mallei infection in dromedary, bahrain. | we confirm a natural infection of dromedaries with glanders. multilocus variable number tandem repeat analysis of a burkholderia mallei strain isolated from a diseased dromedary in bahrain revealed close genetic proximity to strain dubai 7, which caused an outbreak of glanders in horses in the united arab emirates in 2004. | 2011 | 21762586 |
| some biochemical characteristics and preservation of epididymal camel spermatozoa (camelus dromedarius). | testicles were isolated from thirty five apparently healthy dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius), aged between 5 to 18 years, in a local slaughterhouse during the rutting season. epididymal fluid was collected from one epididymis for determination of twelve biochemical and antioxidant parameters using elisa commercial kits. spermatozoa were harvested from each region of the other epididymis (head, body and tail) and stored in shotor(®), green buffer(®) + 20% egg yolk and inra-96(®) extenders a ... | 2011 | 21762979 |
| magnetosome expression of functional camelid antibody fragments (nanobodies) in magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. | numerous applications of conventional and biogenic magnetic nanoparticles, such as in diagnostics, immunomagnetic separations and magnetic cell labeling, require the immobilization of antibodies. this is usually accomplished by chemical conjugation, which however, has several disadvantages, such as poor efficiency and the need for coupling chemistry. here, we describe a novel strategy to display a functional camelid antibody fragment (nanobody) from an alpaca (lama pacos) on the surface of bacte ... | 2011 | 21764974 |
| complex life cycle of pterygodermatites peromysci, a trophically transmitted parasite of the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus). | the aim of this study is to experimentally verify the intermediate host of a common gastrointestinal nematode, pterygodermatites peromysci, infecting the white-footed mouse (peromyscus leucopus) and describe the complex life cycle. as with other nematodes in the family rictulariidae, adult worms reside in the small intestine of the host, and infective eggs are shed into the environment where they are ingested by scavenger insects. a field survey of common nocturnal insects on the forest floors o ... | 2011 | 21766236 |
| levels and trends of pcdd/fs and pcbs in camel milk (camelus bactrianus and camelus dromedarius) from kazakhstan. | to date, despite the fact it represents a very important part of the national dairy production, no data are available concerning the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in camel milk from the republic of kazakhstan. selected pcdds, pcdfs, and pcbs were measured in pools of milk from camels (n=15) located in various places of kazakhstan (almaty, atyrau, aralsk, shymkent) and sampled at two differe ... | 2011 | 21777936 |
| nanobody stabilization of g protein-coupled receptor conformational states. | remarkable progress has been made in the field of g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) structural biology during the past four years. several obstacles to generating diffraction quality crystals of gpcrs have been overcome by combining innovative methods ranging from protein engineering to lipid-based screens and microdiffraction technology. the initial gpcr structures represent energetically stable inactive-state conformations. however, gpcrs signal through different g protein isoforms or g protei ... | 2011 | 21782416 |
| multi-ligand specificity of pathogen associated molecular pattern-binding site in peptidoglycan recognition protein. | peptidoglycan recognition protein, pgrp-s an innate immunity molecule that specifically interacts with microbial peptidoglycans and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns. we report here two structures of the unique tetrameric camel pgrp-s (cpgrp-s) complexed with (i) muramyl dipeptide (mdp) at 2.5å resolution and (ii) n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and ß-maltose at 1.7å resolution. the binding studies carried out using surface plasmon resonance indicated that cpgrp-s binds to mdp with a dis ... | 2011 | 21784863 |
| [genetic characterization of the brucella melitensis isolates from mongolia, russia, and azerbaijan]. | the goal of this work was to provide comparative genetic characterization of the human and animal brucella melitensis isolates from mongolia, russia and azerbaijan using current molecular-genetic typing methods. | 2011 | 21786630 |
| ultrasonographic and macroscopic anatomy of the enucleated eyes of the buffalo (bos bubalis) and the one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) of different ages. | with 1 figure and 2 tables summary: the ultrasonographic appearance and measurements of the normal buffalo and camel eye globes were described in 60 buffaloes (bos bubalis) aged 1 year (28 eyes) and 10 years (32 eyes), and in 51 humped camels (camelus dromedarius) aged 1 year (26 eyes) and 10 years (24 eyes). ocular measurements were recorded by a- and b-scan ultrasonographic examination of 40 buffalo eyes (18 young and 22 adult eyes) and 34 camel eyes (14 young and 20 adult eyes) using a kangh ... | 2011 | 21790742 |
| proteolytic cleavage of stingray phospholipase a2: isolation and biochemical characterization of an active n-terminal form. | abstract: background: mammalian gib-pla2 are well characterized. in contrast, much less is known about aquatic ones. the aquatic world contains a wide variety of living species and, hence represents a great potential for discovering new lipolytic enzymes. the aim of this study was to check some biochemical and structural properties of a marine stingray phospholipase a2 (spla2). results: the effect of some proteolytic enzymes on spla2 was checked. chymotrypsin and trypsin were able to hydrolyze s ... | 2011 | 21791082 |
| the investigation of probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional mongolian dairy products. | the aims of this study were to investigate the diversity of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from traditional mongolian dairy products, and to estimate the probiotic potential of the isolated strains. we collected 66 samples of the traditional mongolian dairy products tarag (n = 45), airag (n = 7), aaruul (n = 8), byasulag (n = 1) and eezgii (n = 5), from which 543 lab strains were isolated and identified based on 16s ribosomal dna sequence. the predominant species of those products were lact ... | 2011 | 21794017 |
| development of cys38 knock-out and humanized version of nbaahii10 nanobody with improved neutralization of aahii scorpion toxin. | during scorpion envenoming, highly toxic small polypeptides of the venom diffuse rapidly within the victim, causing serious medical problems. nanobodies (nbs), the recombinant single-domain antigen-binding fragments of camel-specific heavy-chain only antibodies, offer special advantages in therapy over classic antibody fragments due to their robustness and smaller size, matching the size of the scorpion toxins. recently, a potent aahii scorpion toxin-neutralizing nb was identified. however, this ... | 2011 | 21798998 |
| alkhurma hemorrhagic fever in travelers returning from egypt, 2010. | to the editor: the report of 2 visitors from italy being infected by alkhurma hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv) in southeastern egypt near the border with sudan (1) provides useful data to help clarify the evolutionary origin of these tick-borne flaviviruses. ahfv was first isolated in saudi arabia and is associated with camel ticks (2). it is a genetically close relative of kyasanur forest disease virus, which was first isolated in india in 1957. following the original isolation of kyasanur forest ... | 2011 | 21801660 |
| mitochondrial distribution, atp-gsh contents, calcium [ca2+] oscillation during in vitro maturation of dromedary camel oocytes. | dromedary camel oocytes have the ability to spontaneous parthenogenetic activation and development in vivo and in vitro. the present study was conducted to investigate changes in mitochondrial distribution, adenosine triphosphate (atp), and glutathione (gsh) contents and [ca(2+)] oscillation during in vitro maturation and spontaneous parthenogentic activation of dromedary camel oocytes. dromedary camel cumulus-oocyte complexes (cocs) were matured in tcm199 medium supplemented with 10% fcs + 10 + ... | 2011 | 21820723 |
| risk factors for symptoms of gastrointestinal illness in rural town isiolo, kenya. | this study assesses risk factors for food-borne gastrointestinal illness indicated by diarrhoea and/or vomiting using 14-day recalls among children and young adults. the study was set in isiolo, a rural town of kenya, inhabited mainly by pastoralists of different ethnic groups. the preparation methods of milk at the household level were also investigated. the study was cross-sectional and involved 900 participants from randomly selected households. they were interviewed using a structured questi ... | 2011 | 21824377 |
| teasing apart tangrams: testing hippocampal pattern separation with a collaborative referencing paradigm. | the hippocampus and the medial temporal lobe cortex [medial temporal lobe cortices (mtlc)] both contribute to long-term memory. although their contributions are thought to be dissociable, the nature of the representations that each region supports remains unclear. the complementary learning systems (cls) modeling approach suggests that hippocampus represents overlapping information in a sparser and therefore more separated fashion than mtlc. we tested this prediction using a collaborative refere ... | 2011 | 21830250 |
| determination of free phenolic acids and antioxidant capacity of methanolic extracts obtained from leaves and flowers of camel thorn (alhagi maurorum). | the present study comprises the determination of some phenolic acids from the leaves and flowers of alhagi maurorum by hplc-dad, confirmed by lc-ms-apci. the antioxidant properties and measurements of the total phenolic contents of the extracts were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) free radical scavenging and folin-ciocalteu methods, respectively. it was found that the leaf extract had higher antioxidant potential (83.5%) than the flower extract (72.3%). the antioxidant propertie ... | 2011 | 21834635 |
| ultrasonographic evaluation of abdominal distension in 52 camels (camelus dromedarius). | the purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of abdominal distension in 52 camels (camelus dromedarius). the conditions included trypanosomiasis (n=35), intestinal obstruction (n=12) and ruptured urinary bladder (n=5). fifteen clinically normal camels were included as controls. transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonography was carried out on all camels. in animals with trypanosomiasis, ultrasonographic findings included accumulation of massiv ... | 2011 | 21840025 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of cdna encoding a putative stress-induced heat-shock protein from camelus dromedarius. | heat shock proteins are ubiquitous, induced under a number of environmental and metabolic stresses, with highly conserved dna sequences among mammalian species. camelus dromedaries (the arabian camel) domesticated under semi-desert environments, is well adapted to tolerate and survive against severe drought and high temperatures for extended periods. this is the first report of molecular cloning and characterization of full length cdna of encoding a putative stress-induced heat shock hspa6 prote ... | 2011 | 21845074 |
| monoclonal antibodies for the identification and purification of vnar domains and ignar immunoglobulins from the horn shark heterodontus francisci. | in addition to conventional antibodies, cartilaginous fish have evolved a distinctive type of immunoglobulin, designated as ignar, which lacks the light polypeptide chains and is composed entirely by heavy chains. ignar molecules can be manipulated by molecular engineering to produce the variable domain of a single heavy chain polypeptide (vnars). these, together with the vhh camel domains, constitute the smallest naturally occurring domains able to recognize an antigen. their special features, ... | 2011 | 21851231 |
| prevalence of listeria species in camel sausages from retail markets in aydin province in turkey and rapd analysis of listeria monocytogenes isolates. | samples were taken from 100 camel sausages from the different retail markets in aydin province in the south-west of turkey and they were tested for the presence of listeria spp by biochemical methods. samples were enriched using listeria enrichment broth and they were inoculated onto listeria selective agar. listeria monocytogenes was isolated from nine samples (9%), listeria innocua from 14 samples (14%) and listeria welshimeri from two samples(2%). a 701 bp fragment of listeriolysin o sequence ... | 2006 | 21851683 |
| The antiplatelet activity of camel urine. | For centuries, camel urine has been used for medicinal purposes and anecdotally proclaimed as a cure for a wide range of diseases. However, the apparent therapeutic actions of camel urine have yet to be subjected to rigorous scientific scrutiny. Recent preliminary studies from the authors' laboratory have indicated that camel urine possesses potent antiplatelet activity, not found in human or bovine urines, suggesting a possible role for camel urine in inhibiting platelet function. The goal of t ... | 2011 | 21854200 |
| Immunohistochemical studies on the poll gland of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the rutting season. | The poll glands are subcutaneous exocrine glands located on the back of the neck behind the ears in male camels. The function of poll glands is not well known, though they are thought to play a role during the rutting season. The presence, location and degree of immunolocalization of microfilaments and intermediate filament systems: actin and cytokeratins (Cks) and also S100 protein were studied in the poll glands in sexually mature one-humped camels during the rutting season. These proteins wer ... | 2011 | 21855116 |
| bovine neonatal pancytopenia-like syndrome in dromedaries. | 2011 | 21856672 | |
| Effect of cigarette menthol content on mainstream smoke emissions. | The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act empowered the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to study "the impact of the use of menthol in cigarettes on the public health, including such use among children, African Americans, Hispanics and other racial and ethnic minorities," and develop recommendations. Current scientific evidence comparing human exposures between menthol and nonmenthol smokers shows mixed results. This is largely because of the many differences between commercial ... | 2011 | 21888394 |
| evaluation of glycoproteins purified from adult and larval camel ticks (hyalomma dromedarii) as a candidate vaccine. | in order to identify antigens that can help prevent camel tick infestations, three major glycoproteins (glps) about 97, 66 and 40 kda in size were purified from adult and larval egyptian ticks, hyalomma (h.) dromedarii, using a single-step purification method with con-a sepharose. the purified glps were evaluated as vaccines against camel tick infestation in rabbits. the rabbits received three intramuscular inoculations of glps (20 µg/animal) on days 0, 14, and 28. in the immunoblot analysis, se ... | 2011 | 21897098 |