Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| from sheep to lion: confronting workplace bullying. | 2014 | 24979374 | |
| applicability of single-camera photogrammetry to determine body dimensions of pinnipeds: galapagos sea lions as an example. | morphological features correlate with many life history traits and are therefore of high interest to behavioral and evolutionary biologists. photogrammetry provides a useful tool to collect morphological data from species for which measurements are otherwise difficult to obtain. this method reduces disturbance and avoids capture stress. using the galapagos sea lion (zalophus wollebaeki) as a model system, we tested the applicability of single-camera photogrammetry in combination with laser dista ... | 2014 | 24987983 |
| an objective approach to determining the weight ranges of prey preferred by and accessible to the five large african carnivores. | broad-scale models describing predator prey preferences serve as useful departure points for understanding predator-prey interactions at finer scales. previous analyses used a subjective approach to identify prey weight preferences of the five large african carnivores, hence their accuracy is questionable. this study uses a segmented model of prey weight versus prey preference to objectively quantify the prey weight preferences of the five large african carnivores. based on simulations of known ... | 2014 | 24988433 |
| endoparasites in mammals from seven zoological gardens in romania. | animals from seven zoological gardens located in romania, including 18 species of herbivores, 10 species of carnivores, and 13 species of omnivores, were screened for the presence of parasites. overall, the prevalences of parasites identified in the sampled population were 54.2% (58/107) for herbivores, 54.5% (24/44) for carnivores, and 32.6% (17/52) for omnivores. in herbivores, eimeria spp., dicrocelium lanceolatum, and pulmonary and digestive strongyles were detected. in carnivores, the gener ... | 2014 | 25000683 |
| selected clinical, biochemical, and electrolyte alterations in anesthetized captive tigers (panthera tigris) and lions (panthera leo). | a prospective study to assess changes in selected plasma biochemistry and electrolyte values, plasma insulin and aldosterone concentrations, and electrocardiography (ecg) was performed on eight female captive tigers (panthera tigris) and three lions (panthera leo) undergoing general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic ovariectomy. each animal was sedated with medetomidine (18-25 microg/kg) and midazolam (0.06-0.1 mg/kg) intramuscularly, and anesthesia was induced with ketamine (1.9-3.5 mg/kg) i ... | 2014 | 25000694 |
| location and removal of deslorelin acetate implants in female african lions (panthera leo). | contraception is necessary to manage zoo animal populations and to be able to house animals in groups without producing additional unwanted offspring. in felids and canids, an association between exposure to progestins and the occurrence of endometrial and mammary gland pathology has been documented. therefore, the association of zoos and aquariums (aza) wildlife contraceptive center recommends the use of deslorelin acetate for long-term contraception in carnivores. return to cyclicity after des ... | 2014 | 25000706 |
| impact of forest fragment size on between-group encounters in lion-tailed macaques. | between-group encounters are an obvious outcome of intergroup competition. between-group encounters in primates range from avoidance to fatally aggressive. the prevailing hypotheses explain such encounters as mate defense strategy by males and resource defense strategy by females. however, the rate and nature of between-group encounters may also be influenced by habitat and demographic characteristics. we studied the effect of forest fragment size on group encounters in lion-tailed macaques in t ... | 2014 | 25028052 |
| the "bear" essentials: actualistic research on ursus arctos arctos in the spanish pyrenees and its implications for paleontology and archaeology. | neotaphonomic studies of large carnivores are used to create models in order to explain the formation of terrestrial vertebrate fossil faunas. the research reported here adds to the growing body of knowledge on the taphonomic consequences of large carnivore behavior in temperate habitats and has important implications for paleontology and archaeology. using photo- and videotrap data, we were able to describe the consumption of 17 ungulate carcasses by wild brown bears (ursus arctos arctos) rangi ... | 2014 | 25029167 |
| behavioral and physiological responses in felids to exhibit construction. | despite the growing body of literature examining the welfare of zoo-housed animals, little standardized work has been published on the effect of construction and environmental disruption on the physiology and behavior of affected animals. when lincoln park zoo (chicago, il), embarked on a renovation project for its kovler lion house, the opportunity was taken to perform a scientific study of behavioral and physiological markers in the resident felids to determine the effect of construction and e ... | 2014 | 25042703 |
| vocal learning in seals, sea lions, and walruses. | the pinnipeds provide a variety of clues to those interested in the vocal learning capabilities of non-human animals. observational and experimental studies of seals, sea lions, and walruses reveal elements of vocal development, contextual control, plasticity in expression and learning, and even imitation of complex sounds. consideration of the factors that influence the expression of these capabilities informs understanding of the behavioral and structural mechanisms that support vocal learning ... | 2014 | 25042930 |
| improving patient access and streamlining processes through enterprise intelligence systems. | this article demonstrates how enterprise intelligence systems can be used to improve operational efficiency in hospitals. enterprise intelligence systems mine raw data from disparate systems and transform the data into actionable information, which when used appropriately, support streamlined processes, optimize resources, and positively affect staff efficiency and the quality of patient care. case studies on the implementation of mckesson performance visibility and capacity planner enterprise i ... | 2014 | 25046968 |
| epidemiology of hookworm (uncinaria sanguinis) infection in free-ranging australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups. | understanding the fundamental factors influencing the epidemiology of wildlife disease is essential to determining the impact of disease on individual health and population dynamics. the host-pathogen-environment relationship of the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) and the parasitic hookworm, uncinaria sanguinis, was investigated in neonatal pups during summer and winter breeding seasons at two biogeographically disparate colonies in south australia. the endemic occurrence of ho ... | 2014 | 25056940 |
| uncinaria sanguinis sp. n. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) from the endangered australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea (carnivora: otariidae). | this study investigates the identity of hookworms parasitising the australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea (péron), from three colonies in south australia, australia. the australian sea lion is at risk of extinction because its population is small and genetically fragmented. using morphological and molecular techniques, we describe a single novel species, uncinaria sanguinis sp. n. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae). the new species is most similar to hookworms also parasitic in otariid hosts, uncinaria ... | 2014 | 25065131 |
| infection of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) with terrestrial brucella spp. | infections with brucella ceti and pinnipedialis are prevalent in marine mammals worldwide. a total of 22 california sea lions (zalophus californianus) were examined to determine their exposure to brucella spp. at san esteban island in the gulf of california, mexico, in june and july 2011. although samples of blood, vaginal mucus and milk cultured negative for these bacteria, the application of rose bengal, agar gel immunodiffusion, pcr and modified fluorescence polarization assays found that fiv ... | 2014 | 25066000 |
| thalassemia syndrome. | a 16 years old female patient diagnosed to have thalassemia syndrome in black lion hospital based on clinical presentation, complete blood count, peripheral morphology and bone marrow findings. | 2014 | 25069213 |
| longer and less overlapping food webs in anthropogenically disturbed marine ecosystems: confirmations from the past. | the human exploitation of marine resources is characterised by the preferential removal of the largest species. although this is expected to modify the structure of food webs, we have a relatively poor understanding of the potential consequences of such alteration. here, we take advantage of a collection of ancient consumer tissues, using stable isotope analysis and siber to assess changes in the structure of coastal marine food webs in the south-western atlantic through the second half of the h ... | 2014 | 25076042 |
| dual phylogenetic origins of nigerian lions (panthera leo). | lion fecal dna extracts from four individuals each from yankari game reserve and kainji-lake national park (central northeast and west nigeria, respectively) were sanger-sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. the sequences were aligned against 61 lion reference sequences from other parts of africa and india. the sequence data were analyzed further for the construction of phylogenetic trees using the maximum-likelihood approach to depict phylogenetic patterns of distribution among seq ... | 2014 | 25077018 |
| ventricular structure-function relations in health and disease: part ii. clinical considerations. | normal cardiac function of the left and right ventricles, together with the septum, is related to form/function interactions within the helical ventricular myocardial band. this knowledge is a prerequisite to understanding form/function interactions in diseases and for planning new treatments. topics discussed include congestive heart failure in dilated hearts of ischaemic, valvar or nonischaemic origin as well as diastolic dysfunction. similar thinking underlies novel treatments for dyssynchron ... | 2015 | 25082144 |
| physiological features of halomonas lionensis sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from a mediterranean sea sediment. | a novel halophilic bacterium, strain rhs90(t), was isolated from marine sediments from the gulf of lions, in the mediterranean sea. its metabolic and physiological characteristics were examined under various cultural conditions, including exposure to stressful ones (oligotrophy, high pressure and high concentrations of metals). based on phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene, the strain was found to belong to the genus halomonas in the class gammaproteobacteria. its closest relatives are hal ... | 2014 | 25086262 |
| apoptosis of hemocytes from lions-paw scallop nodipecten subnodosus induced with paralyzing shellfish poison from gymnodinium catenatum. | the toxic dinoflagellate gymnodinium catenatum produces paralyzing shellfish poisons (psps) that are consumed and accumulated by bivalves. previously, we recorded a decrease in hemocytes 24h after injection of psps (gonyautoxin 2/3 epimers, gtx2/3) in the adductor muscle in the lions-paw scallop nodipecten subnodosus. in this work, qualitative and quantitative analyses, in in vivo and in vitro experiments, revealed that the lower count of hemocytes results from cells undergoing typical apoptosis ... | 2014 | 25097151 |
| personality structure in the domestic cat (felis silvestris catus), scottish wildcat (felis silvestris grampia), clouded leopard (neofelis nebulosa), snow leopard (panthera uncia), and african lion (panthera leo): a comparative study. | although the study of nonhuman personality has increased in the last decade, there are still few studies on felid species, and the majority focus on domestic cats. we assessed the structure of personality and its reliability in five felids-domestic cats, clouded leopards, snow leopards, african lions, and previous data on scottish wildcats-and compared the results. in addition to the benefits of understanding more about this taxon, comparative studies of personality structure have the potential ... | 2014 | 25111629 |
| development of a real-time pcr for the detection of pathogenic leptospira spp. in california sea lions. | several real-time pcr assays are currently used for detection of pathogenic leptospira spp.; however, few methods have been described for the successful evaluation of clinical urine samples. this study reports a rapid assay for the detection of pathogenic leptospira spp. in california sea lions zalophus californianus using real-time pcr with primers and a probe targeting the lipl32 gene. the pcr assay had high analytic sensitivity-the limit of detection was 3 genome copies per pcr volume using l ... | 2014 | 25114040 |
| play behavior of the golden-headed lion tamarin in brazilian cocoa agroforests. | during play, primates may become more vulnerable to predation. our goal was to examine the potential role of predation risk on the play behavior of 3 groups of golden-headed lion tamarin, leontopithecus chrysomelas, in shaded cocoa agroforest (cabruca) of southern bahia, brazil. we identified the preferred (and safer) locations on vertical strata during playtime and investigated if frequency and duration of play differed according to group size. all groups preferred to play on the lower levels o ... | 2014 | 25116696 |
| meiotic maturation of oocytes recovered from the ovaries of indian big cats at postmortem. | in order to increase the available sources of genetic material for endangered members of the great cat family, this study was designed to assess the meiotic competence of oocytes recovered from postmortem ovaries of the indian leopard, tiger and lion. the average number of oocytes that were recovered per ovary was 11.0 ± 5.0, 11.0 ± 3.5 and 21.3 ± 8.8 for tiger, lion and leopard, respectively. the proportion of culture grade oocytes for tiger, lion and leopard were 72.7, 78.8 and 71.9%, respecti ... | 2015 | 25124872 |
| mercury in organisms from the northwestern mediterranean slope: importance of food sources. | mercury (hg) is a global threat for marine ecosystems, especially within the mediterranean sea. the concern is higher for deep-sea organisms, as the hg concentration in their tissues is commonly high. to assess the influence of food supply at two trophic levels, total hg concentrations and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were determined in 7 species (4 teleosts, 2 sharks, and 1 crustacean) sampled on the upper part of the continental slope of the gulf of lions (northwestern mediterrane ... | 2014 | 25129158 |
| individual behaviors dominate the dynamics of an urban mountain lion population isolated by roads. | large carnivores can be particularly sensitive to the effects of habitat fragmentation on genetic diversity [1, 2]. the santa monica mountains (smms), a large natural area within greater los angeles, is completely isolated by urban development and the 101 freeway to the north. yet the smms support a population of mountain lions (puma concolor), a very rare example of a large carnivore persisting within the boundaries of a megacity. gps locations of radio-collared lions indicate that freeways are ... | 2014 | 25131676 |
| characterisation of whisker control in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) during a complex, dynamic sensorimotor task. | studies in pinniped whisker use have shown that their whiskers are extremely sensitive to tactile and hydrodynamic signals. while pinnipeds position their whiskers on to objects and have some control over their whisker protractions, it has always been thought that head movements are more responsible for whisker positioning than the movement of the whiskers themselves. this study uses ball balancing, a dynamic sensorimotor skill that is often used in human and robotic coordination studies, to pro ... | 2014 | 25138923 |
| pre-columbian mycobacterial genomes reveal seals as a source of new world human tuberculosis. | modern strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis from the americas are closely related to those from europe, supporting the assumption that human tuberculosis was introduced post-contact. this notion, however, is incompatible with archaeological evidence of pre-contact tuberculosis in the new world. comparative genomics of modern isolates suggests that m. tuberculosis attained its worldwide distribution following human dispersals out of africa during the pleistocene epoch, although this has yet to b ... | 2014 | 25141181 |
| evaluation of microsatellite markers for populations studies and forensic identification of african lions (panthera leo). | the south african lion (panthera leo) population is highly fragmented. one-third of its wild lions occur in small (<1000 km(2)) reserves. these lions were reintroduced from other areas of the species' historical range. management practices on these reserves have not prioritized genetic provenance or heterozygosity. these trends potentially constrain the conservation value of these lions. to ensure the best management and long-term survival of these subpopulations as a viable collective populatio ... | 2014 | 25151647 |
| tooth resorption in an australian sea lion. | 2014 | 25185335 | |
| object permanence in marine mammals using the violation of expectation procedure. | object permanence refers to the ability to process information about objects even when they are not visible. one stage of object permanence, called visible displacement, involves being able to find an object that has been fully hidden from view. visible displacement has been demonstrated in many animal species, yet very little is known about object permanence in marine mammals. in addition, the methodology for testing visible displacement has sometimes been called into question because alternati ... | 2015 | 25193351 |
| food resources, distribution and seasonal variations in ranging in lion-tailed macaques, macaca silenus in the western ghats, india. | the distribution and availability of food was examined to see how it influenced ranging patterns and sleeping site selection in a group of lion-tailed macaques. the home range and core area were 130.48 ha (95% kernel) and 26.68 ha (50% kernel) respectively. the lion-tailed macaques had a longer day range, had a greater number of sleeping sites and used more core areas in the summer as compared to the monsoon and the post-monsoon seasons. the ranging patterns and sleeping site use were influenced ... | 2015 | 25217980 |
| relaxin: a hormonal aid to diagnose pregnancy status in wild mammalian species. | in the beginning of 1960s, seminal studies characterizing circulating concentrations of immunoreactive relaxin in companion dogs and evaluating the differences in concentrations among pregnant, nonpregnant, and pseudopregnant bitches indicated the potential for relaxin to be applied clinically as a diagnostic aid to detect pregnancy status in wild animal species. a brief historical overview of the nature of relaxin and early work to develop and validate immunologic methods to analyze relaxin in ... | 2014 | 25234789 |
| auditory detection of ultrasonic coded transmitters by seals and sea lions. | ultrasonic coded transmitters (ucts) are high-frequency acoustic tags that are often used to conduct survivorship studies of vulnerable fish species. recent observations of differential mortality in tag control studies suggest that fish instrumented with ucts may be selectively targeted by marine mammal predators, thereby skewing valuable survivorship data. in order to better understand the ability of pinnipeds to detect uct outputs, behavioral high-frequency hearing thresholds were obtained fro ... | 2014 | 25234996 |
| hearing in the sea otter (enhydra lutris): auditory profiles for an amphibious marine carnivore. | in this study we examine the auditory capabilities of the sea otter (enhydra lutris), an amphibious marine mammal that remains virtually unstudied with respect to its sensory biology. we trained an adult male sea otter to perform a psychophysical task in an acoustic chamber and at an underwater apparatus. aerial and underwater audiograms were constructed from detection thresholds for narrowband signals measured in quiet conditions at frequencies from 0.125-40 khz. aerial hearing thresholds were ... | 2014 | 25249386 |
| remembering travels with phyllis. | phyllis noerager stern lived until she died at 88, not fading away in a nursing home, that place that's not home and where there's no nursing. she would be pleased, though death by fall lacks the drama of death by lion attack that we joked about long ago. | 2014 | 25259634 |
| unexpected absence of genetic separation of a highly diverse population of hookworms from geographically isolated hosts. | the high natal site fidelity of endangered australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) along the southern australian coast suggests that their maternally transmitted parasitic species, such as hookworms, will have restricted potential for dispersal. if this is the case, we would expect to find a hookworm haplotype structure corresponding to that of the host mtdna haplotype structure; that is, restricted among geographically separated colonies. in this study, we used a fragment of the cytochrome c ox ... | 2014 | 25262830 |
| crossing to safety: dispersal, colonization and mate choice in evolutionarily distinct populations of steller sea lions, eumetopias jubatus. | population growth typically involves range expansion and establishment of new breeding sites, while the opposite occurs during declines. although density dependence is widely invoked in theoretical studies of emigration and colonization in expanding populations, few empirical studies have documented the mechanisms. still fewer have documented the direction and mechanisms of individual transfer in declining populations. here, we screen large numbers of pups sampled on their natal rookeries for va ... | 2014 | 25266462 |
| jaw function in smilodon fatalis: a reevaluation of the canine shear-bite and a proposal for a new forelimb-powered class 1 lever model. | the jaw function of smilodon fatalis has long been a source of debate. although modern-day lions subdue large prey through the use of a suffocating throat bite, the dramatically elongated maxillary canines of s. fatalis suggest an alternative bite mechanism. the current literature favors a "canine shear-bite," in which the depression of the cranium by the ventral neck flexors assists the mandibular adductors in closing the jaws. although the model makes intuitive sense and appears to be supporte ... | 2014 | 25272032 |
| sesavirus: prototype of a new parvovirus genus in feces of a sea lion. | we describe the nearly complete genome of a highly divergent parvovirus, we tentatively name sesavirus, from the feces of a california sea lion pup (zalophus californianus) suffering from malnutrition and pneumonia. the 5,049-base-long genome contained two major orfs encoding a 553-aa nonstructural protein and a 965-aa structural protein which shared closest amino acid identities of 25 and 28 %, respectively, with members of the copiparvovirus genus known to infect pigs and cows. given the low d ... | 2015 | 25272961 |
| molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidium spp. and giardia spp. in mussels (mytilus californianus) and california sea lions (zalophus californianus) from central california. | cryptosporidium and giardia are of public health importance, with recognized transmission through recreational waters. therefore, both can contaminate marine waters and shellfish, with potential to infect marine mammals in nearshore ecosystems. a 2-year study was conducted to evaluate the presence of cryptosporidium and giardia in mussels located at two distinct coastal areas in california, namely, (i) land runoff plume sites and (ii) locations near sea lion haul-out sites, as well as in feces o ... | 2014 | 25281384 |
| domoic acid-induced seizures in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) are associated with neuroinflammatory brain injury. | california sea lions (csls) exposed to the marine biotoxin domoic acid (da) develop an acute or chronic toxicosis marked by seizures and act as sentinels of the disease. experimental evidence suggests that oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important mechanisms underlying the seizurogenic potential of environmental toxicants but these pathways are relatively unstudied in csls. in the current study, we investigated the role of glutamate-glutamine changes and gliosis in da-exposed csls to ... | 2014 | 25286249 |
| rejoice in the hubris: useful things biologists could do for physicists. | political correctness urges us to state how wonderful it is to work with biologists and how, just as the lion will someday lie down with the lamb, so will interdisciplinary work, where biologists and physicists are mixed together in light, airy buildings designed to force socialization, give rise to wonderful new science. but it has been said that the only drive in human nature stronger than the sex drive is the drive to censor and suppress, and so i claim that it is ok for physicists and biolog ... | 2014 | 25292219 |
| fractured genetic connectivity threatens a southern california puma (puma concolor) population. | pumas (puma concolor; also known as mountain lions and cougars) in southern california live among a burgeoning human population of roughly 20 million people. yet little is known of the consequences of attendant habitat loss and fragmentation, and human-caused puma mortality to puma population viability and genetic diversity. we examined genetic status of pumas in coastal mountains within the peninsular ranges south of los angeles, in san diego, riverside, and orange counties. the santa ana mount ... | 2014 | 25295530 |
| dangerous animals capture and maintain attention in humans. | predation is a major source of natural selection on primates and may have shaped attentional processes that allow primates to rapidly detect dangerous animals. because ancestral humans were subjected to predation, a process that continues at very low frequencies, we examined the visual processes by which men and women detect dangerous animals (snakes and lions). we recorded the eye movements of participants as they detected images of a dangerous animal (target) among arrays of nondangerous anima ... | 2014 | 25299991 |
| dispersal, group formation and kinship in the black-faced lion tamarin (leontopithecus caissara). | we report on (i) new group formation, (ii) sex differences in dispersal and (iii) dispersal distance over 6 years for 3 social groups of the black-faced lion tamarin (leontopithecus caissara) in the vicinity of ariri, são paulo state, brazil. the groups were: bina (monitored for 74 months), bm5 (52 months) and teca (13 months). each group was censused once a week and monitored for 3 days each month. mating opportunities were found to be the incentive for young adult black-faced lion tamarins to ... | 2014 | 25301031 |
| comparison of verbal and emotional responses of elderly people with mild/moderate dementia and those with severe dementia in responses to seal robot, paro. | the differences in verbal and emotional responses to a baby seal robot, paro, of elderly people with dementia residing at an elderly nursing care facility were analyzed. there were two groups of elderly people: one was with mild/moderate dementia (m-group) that consisted with 19 elderly residents in the general ward, and the other was with severe dementia (s-group) that consisted with 11 elderly residents in the dementia ward. | 2014 | 25309434 |
| prevalence and characterization of salmonella shed by captive and free-range california sea lions (zalophus californianus) from a rehabilitation center and three state reserves along the california coast. | salmonella is a genus of zoonotic bacteria that can infect a variety of animals, and may cause gastrointestinal disease in marine mammals. many of the same salmonella serotypes are shed by california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and humans, which poses transmission questions and public health concerns. in this study, 454 fecal samples from three free-ranging california sea lion populations along the california coast and from animals undergoing rehabilitation at the marine mammal center, sa ... | 2014 | 25314819 |
| evidence for a genetic basis of urogenital carcinoma in the wild california sea lion. | although neoplasia is a major cause of mortality in humans and domestic animals, it has rarely been described in wildlife species. one of the few examples is a highly prevalent urogenital carcinoma in california sea lions (csls). although the aetiology of this carcinoma is clearly multifactorial, inbreeding depression, as estimated using levels of microsatellite multilocus heterozygosity, is identified as predictive for this neoplasia. on further analysis, this relationship appears to be largely ... | 2014 | 25339718 |
| animal analogies in first impressions of faces. | analogies between humans and animals based on facial resemblance have a long history. we report evidence for reverse anthropomorphism and the extension of facial stereotypes to lions, foxes, and dogs. in the stereotype extension, more positive traits were attributed to animals judged more attractive than con-specifics; more childlike traits were attributed to those judged more babyfaced. in the reverse anthropomorphism, human faces with more resemblance to lions, ascertained by connectionist mod ... | 2011 | 25339791 |
| a fatal lion attack. | 2015 | 25344818 | |
| cope's rule and the evolution of body size in pinnipedimorpha (mammalia: carnivora). | cope's rule describes the evolutionary trend for animal lineages to increase in body size over time. in this study, we tested the validity of cope's rule for a marine mammal clade, the pinnipedimorpha, which includes the extinct desmatophocidae, and extant phocidae (earless seals), otariidae (fur seals and sea lions), and odobenidae (walruses). we tested for the presence of cope's rule by compiling a large dataset of body size data for extant and fossil pinnipeds and then examined how body size ... | 2015 | 25355195 |
| competition influence in the segregation of the trophic niche of otariids: a case study using isotopic bayesian mixing models in galapagos pinnipeds. | the feeding success of predators is associated with the competition level for resources, and, thus, sympatric species are exposed to a potential trophic overlap. isotopic bayesian mixing models should provide a better understanding of the contribution of preys to the diet of predators and the feeding behavior of a species over time. | 2014 | 25366402 |
| functional implications of variation in tooth spacing and crown size in pinnipedimorpha (mammalia: carnivora). | pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) show variation in tooth morphology that relates to ecology. however, crown size and spacing are two aspects of morphology that have not been quantified in prior studies. we measured these characters for nearly all extant pinnipeds and three fossil taxa and then determined the principal sources of variation in tooth size and spacing using principal components (pcas) and hierarchical cluster analysis (hca). pca and hca showed that species sorted into thre ... | 2015 | 25367223 |
| spatial structure and distribution of small pelagic fish in the northwestern mediterranean sea. | understanding the ecological and anthropogenic drivers of population dynamics requires detailed studies on habitat selection and spatial distribution. although small pelagic fish aggregate in large shoals and usually exhibit important spatial structure, their dynamics in time and space remain unpredictable and challenging. in the gulf of lions (north-western mediterranean), sardine and anchovy biomasses have declined over the past 5 years causing an important fishery crisis while sprat abundance ... | 2014 | 25375656 |
| the kinematics of the california sea lion foreflipper during forward swimming. | to determine the two-dimensional kinematics of the california sea lion foreflipper during thrust generation, a digital, high-definition video is obtained using a non-research female sea lion at the smithsonian national zoological park in washington, dc. the observational videos are used to extract maneuvers of interest--forward acceleration from rest using the foreflippers and banked turns. single camera videos are analyzed to digitize the flipper during the motions using 10 points spanning root ... | 2014 | 25378293 |
| postmortem findings in four south american sea lions (otaria byronia) from an urban colony in valdivia, chile. | we performed postmortem examination on four south american sea lions (otaria byronia) from an urban colony in valdivia, chile. chronic leptospirosis and suspected morbillivirus-like infection were diagnosed in one individual. antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and the zoonotic helminthes contracaecum sp., pseudoterranova sp., and diphyllobothrium sp. were also detected. | 2015 | 25380367 |
| a longitudinal study of steller sea lion natality rates in the gulf of alaska with comparisons to census data. | steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) numbers in the western distinct population segment are beginning to recover following the dramatic decline that began in the 1970s and ended around the turn of the century. low female reproductive rates (natality) may have contributed to the decline and remain an issue of concern for this population. during the 2000s we found high natality among steller sea lions in the gulf of alaska indicating a healthy population. this study extends these previous estimat ... | 2014 | 25383865 |
| off-axis nonmydriatic photography to evaluate the posterior pole through small pupils. | the purpose of this study was to improve the clarity of retinal images photographed through small pupils. | 2011 | 25389683 |
| a lion in winter: honoring the life and work of robert b. edgerton, part i. | 2014 | 25391619 | |
| evaluation of viruses and their association with ocular lesions in pinnipeds in rehabilitation. | to assess whether corneal lesions in stranded pinnipeds were associated with viral infections, and to identify the potential pathogen(s) associated with the lesions. | 2015 | 25400019 |
| innervation patterns of sea otter (enhydra lutris) mystacial follicle-sinus complexes. | sea otters (enhydra lutris) are the most recent group of mammals to return to the sea, and may exemplify divergent somatosensory tactile systems among mammals. therefore, we quantified the mystacial vibrissal array of sea otters and histologically processed follicle-sinus complexes (f - scs) to test the hypotheses that the number of myelinated axons per f - sc is greater than that found for terrestrial mammalian vibrissae and that their organization and microstructure converge with those of pinn ... | 2014 | 25400554 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in captive wild felids, zimbabwe. | the populations of wild felids in africa, of especially lions (panthera leo) and cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), are declining and the species are classified as vulnerable to extinction by the international union for conservation of nature. as infections with tick-borne pathogens (tbp) can become more of a problem in wild felids, there are relatively few studies on tbp in wild felids in africa and on how these infections might influence population numbers. | 2014 | 25404084 |
| [focal meningitis in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus)--diagnostic procedure and pathology]. | a 15-year-old female california sea lion (zalophus californianus) with progressive lameness of the hindlimbs and a chronic skin lesion was presented for clinical examination. the clinical neurological examination, showing a paraparesis, was completed by magnetic resonance imaging. mr images of the cervical and thoracic spine showed a well-defined muscle infiltrating lesion between the seventh cervical vertebra (c7) and the second thoracic vertebra (t2), which extended through the intervertebral ... | 2014 | 25406071 |
| the three-dimensional morphological effects of captivity. | many captive animals are fed diets that are drastically different in mechanical properties than their wild diet. most captive pantherines are fed a nutritionally supplemented diet consisting almost entirely of ground meat. while many zoos supplement this diet with bones, the fact remains that large captive felids are fed diets that require substantially less masticatory effort than those of their wild counterparts. the osteological effects of this dietary difference have not been fully evaluated ... | 2014 | 25409498 |
| inflation and deflation pressure-volume loops in anesthetized pinnipeds confirms compliant chest and lungs. | we examined structural properties of the marine mammal respiratory system, and tested scholander's hypothesis that the chest is highly compliant by measuring the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in five species of pinniped under anesthesia (pacific harbor seal, phoca vitulina; northern elephant seal, mirounga angustirostris; northern fur seal callorhinus ursinus; california sea lion, zalophus californianus; and steller sea lion, eumetopias jubatus). we found that the chest wall co ... | 2014 | 25426080 |
| giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium occurrence in australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) exposed to varied levels of human interaction. | giardia and cryptosporidium are amongst the most common protozoan parasites identified as causing enteric disease in pinnipeds. a number of giardia assemblages and cryptosporidium species and genotypes are common in humans and terrestrial mammals and have also been identified in marine mammals. to investigate the occurrence of these parasites in an endangered marine mammal, the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea), genomic dna was extracted from faecal samples collected from wild populations ( ... | 2014 | 25426423 |
| morphology of the lingual surface of south american fur seal (arctocephalus australis) and sea lion (otaria flavescens). | in this study, we aimed to describe the morphological characteristics of the lingual papillae in two species of otariidae family by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. we used tongues of two south american otariidae species. the tongues were elongated and terminated in bifid apex and there was no median sulcus on the dorsal lingual surface. the most numerous type of lingual papilla was filiform in the south american fur seal (sasl) and entire dorsal lingual surface was covered by ... | 2015 | 25431362 |
| uncovering deep mysteries: the underwater life of an amphibious louse. | despite the incredible success of insects in colonizing almost every habitat, they remain virtually absent in one major environment--the open sea. a variety of hypotheses have been raised to explain why just a few insect species are present in the ocean, but none of them appears to be fully explanatory. lice belonging to the family echinophthiriidae are ectoparasites on different species of pinnipeds and river otters, i.e. they have amphibious hosts, who regularly perform long excursions into th ... | 2014 | 25449903 |
| the temporomandibular joint of california sea lions (zalophus californianus): part 1 - characterisation in health and disease. | this study aimed to characterise the histologic, biomechanical and biochemical properties of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) of california sea lions. in addition, we sought to identify structure-function relationships and to characterise tmj lesions found in this species. | 2015 | 25451464 |
| the temporomandibular joint of california sea lions (zalophus californianus): part 2-osteoarthritic changes. | following comprehensive characterization of the temporomandibular joint (tmj) of the california sea lion, as well demonstrating that tmj-osteoarthritis (oa) occurs in this species, the objective of this part of the investigation was to describe the macroscopic osteologic findings associated with tmj-oa in a large museum collection of skull specimens. | 2015 | 25451465 |
| characterizing felid tooth marking and gross bone damage patterns using gis image analysis: an experimental feeding study with large felids. | in recent years there has been much disagreement over the nature of carnivore involvement in early pleistocene zooarchaeological assemblages. this partially reflects the lack of reliable ways to identify the taphonomic signatures of different large carnivore taxa. it is often unclear which carnivore taxon or taxa may have played a role in forming or modifying faunal assemblages found associated with stone tools, and this lack of clarity impacts reconstructions of hominin behavior. the mode, freq ... | 2015 | 25467112 |
| adhesive and invasive capacities of edwardsiella tarda isolated from south american sea lion. | edwarsiella tarda is a zoonotic bacterium that can be isolated from humans, animals and the environment. although e. tarda is primarily considered a fish pathogen, it is the only species of its genus considered to be pathogenic for humans as well. a survey of zoonotic intestinal bacteria in fresh feces from south american sea lions (sasl) otaria flavescens, reported e. tarda as the most frequently isolated species. in this study, we used hep-2 cells to establish in vitro the adherence and invasi ... | 2014 | 25477948 |
| auditory sensitivity of seals and sea lions in complex listening scenarios. | standard audiometric data, such as audiograms and critical ratios, are often used to inform marine mammal noise-exposure criteria. however, these measurements are obtained using simple, artificial stimuli-i.e., pure tones and flat-spectrum noise-while natural sounds typically have more complex structure. in this study, detection thresholds for complex signals were measured in (i) quiet and (ii) masked conditions for one california sea lion (zalophus californianus) and one harbor seal (phoca vitu ... | 2014 | 25480085 |
| dna barcode based wildlife forensics for resolving the origin of claw samples using a novel primer cocktail. | excessive wildlife hunting for commercial purposes can have negative impacts on biodiversity and may result in species extinction. to ensure compliance with legal statutes, forensic identification approaches relying on molecular markers may be used to identify the species of origin of animal material from hairs, claw, blood, bone, or meat. using this approach, dna sequences from the coi "barcoding" gene have been used to identify material from a number of domesticated animal species. however, ma ... | 2016 | 25492536 |
| similarities between salmonella enteritidis isolated from humans and captive wild animals in south africa. | salmonella is well recognized as an aetiological agent of gastrointestinal and diarrhoeal disease. salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) is one of the commonest serotypes associated with foodborne illness. in south africa, we compared salmonella enteritidis strains isolated from humans with gastroenteritis and strains isolated from captive wild animals, between june 2011 and july 2012. | 2014 | 25500660 |
| the complete genome sequence of the san miguel sea lion virus-8 reveals that it is not a member of the vesicular exanthema of swine virus/san miguel sea lion virus species of the caliciviridae. | the complete genome sequence of the san miguel sea lion virus-8 (smsv-8) was determined in this study. a comparison of this sequence to other calicivirus sequences in genbank showed that this virus is genetically distinct from the vesicular exanthema of swine virus/san miguel sea lion virus (vesv/smsv) strains and belongs to a novel clade within the vesivirus genus. | 2014 | 25502676 |
| the lion king and the hyaena queen: large carnivore interactions and coexistence. | interactions among species, which range from competition to facilitation, have profound effects on ecosystem functioning. large carnivores are of particular importance in shaping community structure since they are at the top of the food chain, and many efforts are made to conserve such keystone species. despite this, the mechanisms of carnivore interactions are far from understood, yet they are key to enabling or hindering their coexistence and hence are highly relevant for their conservation. t ... | 2015 | 25530248 |
| new actualistic data on the ecology and energetics of hominin scavenging opportunities. | for decades, the 'hunting-scavenging debate' has been an important research focus in plio-pleistocene hominin behavioral ecology. here i present new data on potential scavenging opportunities from fresh carnivore kills on a conservancy in central kenya. this ecosystem is dominated by felids (mainly lions) and has a different carnivore guild than in many earlier studies of scavenging opportunities that took place in areas such as ngorongoro and serengeti in tanzania and maasai mara in kenya, wher ... | 2015 | 25563408 |
| comprehensive review of human sapoviruses. | sapoviruses cause acute gastroenteritis in humans and animals. they belong to the genus sapovirus within the family caliciviridae. they infect and cause disease in humans of all ages, in both sporadic cases and outbreaks. the clinical symptoms of sapovirus gastroenteritis are indistinguishable from those caused by noroviruses, so laboratory diagnosis is essential to identify the pathogen. sapoviruses are highly diverse genetically and antigenically. currently, reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) ... | 2015 | 25567221 |
| lifelong brain health is a lifelong challenge: from evolutionary principles to empirical evidence. | although the human brain is exceptional in size and information processing capabilities, it is similar to other mammals with regard to the factors that promote its optimal performance. three such factors are the challenges of physical exercise, food deprivation/fasting, and social/intellectual engagement. because it evolved, in part, for success in seeking and acquiring food, the brain functions best when the individual is hungry and physically active, as typified by the hungry lion stalking and ... | 2015 | 25576651 |
| [growth factors and interleukins in amniotic membrane tissue homogenate]. | application of amniotic membrane homogenate eye drops may be a potential treatment alternative for therapy resistant corneal epithelial defects. the purpose of this study was to determine the concentrations of epidermal growth factor (egf), fibroblast growth factor basic (bfgf), hepatocyte growth factor (hgf), keratinocyte growth factor (kgf), interleukin-6 (il-6) and interleukin-8 (il-8) in amniotic membrane homogenates. | 2015 | 25581044 |
| production of lion (panthera leo) blastocysts after in vitro maturation of oocytes and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. | assisted reproductive techniques are becoming widely applied to the breeding of endangered species, but establishing reliable protocols for the production of embryos in vitro is challenging because of the scarcity of sample material. in our study, we applied an assisted reproductive technique protocol for ivm and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi), developed in the domestic cat, to oocytes retrieved from ovaries of four 2-year-old lionesses (panthera leo) eight hours postmortem. in total, 6 ... | 2015 | 25586639 |
| epidemiology and pathology of toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | the coccidian parasite toxoplasma gondii infects humans and warm-blooded animals worldwide. the ecology of this parasite in marine systems is poorly understood, although many marine mammals are infected and susceptible to clinical toxoplasmosis. we summarized the lesions associated with t. gondii infection in the california sea lion (zalophus californianus) population and investigated the prevalence of and risk factors associated with t. gondii exposure, as indicated by antibody. five confirmed ... | 2015 | 25588007 |
| dynamics of a morbillivirus at the domestic-wildlife interface: canine distemper virus in domestic dogs and lions. | morbilliviruses cause many diseases of medical and veterinary importance, and although some (e.g., measles and rinderpest) have been controlled successfully, others, such as canine distemper virus (cdv), are a growing concern. a propensity for host-switching has resulted in cdv emergence in new species, including endangered wildlife, posing challenges for controlling disease in multispecies communities. cdv is typically associated with domestic dogs, but little is known about its maintenance and ... | 2015 | 25605919 |
| discovery of a polyomavirus in european badgers (meles meles) and the evolution of host range in the family polyomaviridae. | polyomaviruses infect a diverse range of mammalian and avian hosts, and are associated with a variety of symptoms. however, it is unknown whether the viruses are found in all mammalian families and the evolutionary history of the polyomaviruses is still unclear. here, we report the discovery of a novel polyomavirus in the european badger (meles meles), which to our knowledge represents the first polyomavirus to be characterized in the family mustelidae, and within a european carnivoran. although ... | 2015 | 25626684 |
| lion conservation in maasailand: response to hazzah et al. 2014. | 2015 | 25627258 | |
| risk factors for eye bank preparation failure of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty tissue. | to assess the results of a single eye bank preparing a high volume of descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (dmek) tissues using multiple technicians to provide an overview of the experience and to identify possible risk factors for dmek preparation failure. | 2015 | 25640409 |
| antemortem diagnosis of mycobacterium bovis infection in free-ranging african lions (panthera leo) and implications for transmission. | diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife often relies on postmortem samples because of logistical challenges and lack of field-friendly techniques for live animal testing. confirmation of infection through detection of infectious organisms is essential for studying the pathogenesis and epidemiology of disease. we describe the application of a technique to obtain respiratory samples from free-ranging living lions to facilitate detection of viable mycobacterium bovis under field conditions. we identi ... | 2015 | 25647595 |
| coccidioidomycosis and other systemic mycoses of marine mammals stranding along the central california, usa coast: 1998-2012. | a wide range of systemic mycoses have been reported from captive and wild marine mammals from north america. examples include regionally endemic pathogens such as coccidioides and blastomyces spp., and novel pathogens like cryptococcus gattii, which appear may have been introduced to north america by humans. stranding and necropsy data were analyzed from three marine mammal stranding and response facilities on the central california coast to assess the prevalence, host demographics, and lesion d ... | 2015 | 25647598 |
| description of uncinaria lyonsi n. sp. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) from the california sea lion zalophus californianus lesson (carnivora: otariidae). | a new species of hookworm, uncinaria lyonsi n. sp., is described based on morphological studies of the nematodes collected by dr. e. t. lyons from the california sea lion zalophus californianus (lesson) on san miguel island, california, usa. the new species is morphologically similar to three other species of the genus uncinaria frölich, 1789 parasitising pinnipeds, u. lucasi stiles, 1901, u. hamiltoni baylis, 1933 and u. sanguinis marcus, higgins, šlapeta & gray, 2014, in the body dimensions, t ... | 2015 | 25655115 |
| phylogenomic characterization of california sea lion adenovirus-1. | significant adenoviral diversity has been found in humans, but in domestic and wild animals the number of identified viruses is lower. here we present the complete genome of a recently discovered mastadenovirus, california sea lion adenovirus 1 (csladv-1) isolated from california sea lions (zalophus californianus), an important pathogen associated with hepatitis in pinnipeds. the genome of this virus has the typical mastadenoviral structure with some notable differences at the carboxy-terminal e ... | 2015 | 25660039 |
| a lion in winter: honoring the life and work of robert b. edgerton, part ii. | 2015 | 25666302 | |
| the oldest known fur seal. | the poorly known fossil record of fur seals and sea lions (otariidae) does not reflect their current diversity and widespread abundance. this limited fossil record contrasts with the more complete fossil records of other pinnipeds such as walruses (odobenidae). the oldest known otariids appear 5-6 ma after the earliest odobenids, and the remarkably derived craniodental morphology of otariids offers few clues to their early evolutionary history and phylogenetic affinities among pinnipeds. we repo ... | 2015 | 25672999 |
| the bayh-dole act, a lion without claws. | 2015 | 25675969 | |
| sea lions' (zalophus californianus) use of human pointing gestures as referential cues. | this experiment investigated the ability of four human-socialized sea lions to exploit human communicative gestures in three different object-choice tasks based on directional cues emitted by their caretakers. in study 1, three of the tested subjects were able to generalize their choice of the pointed target to variations of the basic pointing gestures (i.e., cross-body point, elbow point, foot point, and gaze only), from the very first trials. study 2 showed that the subjects could follow the p ... | 2015 | 25678395 |
| positive immunolabelling for feline infectious peritonitis in an african lion (panthera leo) with bilateral panuveitis. | a 15-year-old male african lion (panthera leo) was presented with blindness due to bilateral panuveitis with retinal detachment. feline coronavirus (fcov) antigen was identified immunohistochemically in ocular macrophages, consistent with a diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) infection. this is the first report of fip in an african lion and the first report of ocular fip in a non-domestic felid. | 2015 | 25678422 |
| ocular manifestations of childhood acute leukemia in a tertiiary level eye centre of kathmandu, nepal. | in some instances, the understanding of the ocular manifestations in childhood leukemia is not only important to establish the diagnosis but also reflects the disease state and prognosis. | 2015 | 25680250 |
| septicaemia and meningitis caused by infection of new zealand sea lion pups with a hypermucoviscous strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. | this study describes a syndrome of neonatal septicemia and meningitis in new zealand sea lions, caused by a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae that is phenotypically similar to strains causing environmentally-acquired septicemia and neuro-invasive disease in humans. between late 2006 and early 2010, 123 pups from the enderby island breeding colony died of k. pneumoniae infection, with lesions including fibrinous to fibrinosuppurative meningitis, subdural hemorrhage, septic arthritis, herniation and ... | 2015 | 25682024 |
| first report of a mixed infection of trichinella nelsoni and trichinella t8 in a leopard (panthera pardus) from the greater kruger national park, south africa. | at least three trichinella species, namely trichinella nelsoni, trichinella britovi and trichinella zimbabwensis, and one genotype (trichinella t8), have been isolated from sylvatic carnivores on the african continent. with the exception of t. britovi, the other species are known to circulate in wildlife of the kruger national park (knp), south africa, and knp neighbouring game reserves (collectively known as the greater knp area). lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) appear ... | 2014 | 25686214 |