Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [chikungunya virus outbreak in senegal in 1996 and 1997]. | chikungunya disease is generally recognized in africa by serosurveys conducted in rural areas. epidemics are rarely documented. we report two outbreaks in senegal: one having occurred near kaffrine in 1996 during an epidemic of yellow fever (yf), the second in niakhar in 1997. both diagnoses were conducted by igm antibodies captures and confirmed by virus isolations. in kaffrine, a randomised study was carried out on 447 blood donors whose serum was systematically tested for the most frequently ... | 1999 | 10399593 |
| antimicrobial activity spectrum, cdna cloning, and mrna expression of a newly isolated member of the cecropin family from the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. | an antimicrobial peptide belonging to the cecropin family was isolated from the hemolymph of bacteria-challenged adult aedes aegypti. this new peptide, named cecropin a, was purified to homogeneity and fully characterized after cdna cloning. the 34-residue a. aegypti cecropin a is different from the majority of reported insect cecropins in that it is devoid of a tryptophan residue and c-terminal amidation. the importance of these two structural features on the activity spectrum was investigated ... | 1999 | 10400619 |
| detection of dengue virus rna in patients after primary or secondary dengue infection by using the taqman automated amplification system. | in consecutive serum samples from 25 tourists with acute dengue fever, virus-specific rna was detected by using fully automated taqman reverse transcriptase pcr. for this amplification technique new primers and special fluorochrome-labeled probes had to be synthesized. during amplification the increasing amount of viral dna could simultaneously be measured in the tightly sealed tubes. dengue virus rna was found in almost all patients (17 of 18), if the samples had been taken soon after the onset ... | 1999 | 10405398 |
| identification of surface molecules on salivary glands of the mosquito, aedes aegypti, by a panel of monoclonal antibodies. | malaria transmission by the mosquito vector requires sporozoite invasion into mosquito salivary glands. parasites probably enter the glands by specific receptor-ligand interactions with molecules on the surface of the glands. we have undertaken the characterization of salivary gland surface molecules of aedes aegypti to identify candidate receptors for plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoite invasion. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against antigen enriched for salivary gland membranes and ... | 1999 | 10406090 |
| e75 expression in mosquito ovary and fat body suggests reiterative use of ecdysone-regulated hierarchies in development and reproduction. | the steroid hormone ecdysone controls genetic regulatory hierarchies underlying insect molting, metamorphosis and, in some insects, reproduction. cytogenetic and molecular analysis of ecdysone response in drosophila larval salivary glands has revealed regulatory hierarchies including early genes which encode transcription factors controlling late ecdysone response. in order to determine whether similar hierarchies control reproductive ecdysone response, we have investigated ecdysone-regulated ge ... | 1999 | 10411302 |
| sequencing and characterization of the citrus weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus, trypsin cdna. effect of aedes trypsin modulating oostatic factor on trypsin biosynthesis. | trypsin mrna from the citrus weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus, was reverse transcribed and amplified by pcr. a cdna species of 513 bp was cloned and sequenced. the 3' and 5' ends of the gene (262 bp and 237 bp, respectively) were amplified by rapid amplification of cdna ends, cloned and sequenced. the deduced sequence of the trypsin cdna (860 bp) encodes for 250 amino acids including 11 amino acids of activation and signal peptides and exhibited 16.8% identity to trypsin genes of selected lepidopte ... | 1999 | 10411621 |
| increased fecundity of aedes aegypti fed human blood before release in a mark-recapture study in puerto rico. | laboratory experiments suggest that utilization of blood rather than natural sugar sources for energetic needs affords female aedes aegypti a reproductive advantage over conspecifics that use sugar. to test this hypothesis under field conditions, we carried out a mark-release-recapture study in florida, pr. adult females (f1) reared from field-collected eggs were provided with a diet of human blood alone or human blood plus a 20% honey solution before their release. backpack aspirators were used ... | 1999 | 10412105 |
| an updated checklist of the mosquitoes of new jersey. | the last checklist of new jersey mosquitoes was published in 1983 and contained 59 species from 10 genera. since that time 4 additional species have been collected in new jersey: aedes thibaulti, aedes infirmatus, aedes aegypti, and aedes albopictus. aedes aegypti was not able to overwinter and is not part of new jersey's mosquito fauna. as a result, the addition of 3 species brings the updated checklist of new jersey mosquitoes to 62. | 1999 | 10412107 |
| buoyancy and diving behavior in mosquito pupae. | mosquito pupal diving behavior has been studied mostly in aedes aegypti and in this species pupal buoyancy varies relative to several factors. the research reported herein addresses the 2 following questions. does diving behavior vary among different mosquito genera and species? how is diving behavior influenced by variation in buoyancy? depth and duration of dive, and dive pattern, were compared among ae. aegypti, culex pipiens, anopheles stephensi, aedes albopictus, and aedes triseriatus. in r ... | 1999 | 10412114 |
| detection of allergens in aedes albifasciatus mosquito (diptera: culicidae) extracts by immunological methods. | aedes albifasciatus (diptera: culicidae) is the most common mosquito species in argentina and it has been demonstrated to be the vector for some pathogens. the objective of this study was to describe the allergen composition of this mosquito species endemic to argentina using sds-page and immunoblotting methods. sera from mosquito-bite allergic subjects were employed. the protein extracts, obtained from thoraxes containing salivary glands, showed a protein pattern with components of apparent mol ... | 2013 | 10412678 |
| targeted identification of markers linked to malaria and filarioid nematode parasite resistance genes in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been identified for competence of the mosquito aedes aegypti to transmit the avian malaria parasite plasmodium gallinaceum and the human filarial parasite brugia malayi. efforts towards the map-based cloning of the associated genes are limited by the availability of genetic markers for fine-scale mapping of the qtl positions. two f2 mosquito populations were subjected to bulked segregant analysis to identify random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr fragments ... | 1999 | 10425918 |
| activation process of dipteran-specific insecticidal protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | dipteran-specific insecticidal protein cry4a is produced as a protoxin of 130 kda in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. here we performed the in vitro processing of cry4a and showed that the 130-kda protoxin of cry4a was processed into the two protease-resistant fragments of 20 and 45 kda through the intramolecular cleavage of a 60-kda intermediate. the processing into these two fragments was also observed in vivo. to investigate functional properties of the two fragments, gst (glutathio ... | 1999 | 10427035 |
| population genetics of the yellow fever mosquito in trinidad: comparisons of amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers. | recent development of dna markers provides powerful tools for population genetic analyses. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers result from a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna fingerprinting technique that can detect multiple restriction fragments in a single polyacrylamide gel, and thus are potentially useful for population genetic studies. because aflp markers have to be analysed as dominant loci in order to estimate population genetic diversity and genetic structure p ... | 1999 | 10434416 |
| [aedes albopictus in rural zone of brazil and its implication in the wild yellow fever transmission]. | larvae and adult forms of aedes albopictus were found during ecological study of anopheline mosquitos in the rural zone of the state of mato grosso do sul in brazil. this occurrence was registered, for the first time in brazil, in an enzoootic area if sylvatic yellow fever virus. this implies a potential risk of the transfer of this virus to an urban area infested with aedes aegypti. | 1999 | 10436626 |
| development of dirofilaria immitis (leidy) in aedes aegypti (l.) and culex quinquefasciatus (say) from maceió, alagoas, brazil. | 1999 | 10446022 | |
| [epidemiology of dengue and hemorrhagic dengue in santiago, cuba 1997]. | a dengue epidemic that cuba reported in 1997 registered more than 500,000 cases of dengue fever produced by viral serotype 1. in 1981, there was an epidemic of dengue hemorrhagic fever produced by serotype 2 of the virus. this time 344,203 clinical cases were reported, 10,312 of which were severe cases of hemorrhagic fever that led to 158 fatalities (101 of them among children). the reintroduction of dengue, and specifically of dengue viral serotype 2 (jamaica genotype), was quickly detected in ... | 1999 | 10446511 |
| dengue reemergence in argentina. | aedes aegypti, eradicated from argentina in 1963, has now reinfested the country as far south as buenos aires. in 1997, four persons with travel histories to brazil, ecuador, or venezuela had confirmed dengue, and surveillance for indigenous transmission allowed the detection of 19 dengue cases in salta province. these cases of dengue are the first in argentina since 1916 and represent a new southern extension of dengue virus. | 1999 | 10460181 |
| antibody to h(+) v-atpase subunit e colocalizes with portasomes in alkaline larval midgut of a freshwater mosquito (aedes aegypti). | the ph profile, gross structure, ultrastructure and immunolabeling of the mosquito (aedes aegypti) larval midgut are described as a first step in analyzing the role of plasma membrane h(+ )v-atpase in the alkalization of the gut, nutrient uptake and ionic regulation. binding of an antibody to h(+ )v-atpase subunit e colocalizes with 'portasomes' (approximately 10 nm in diameter), which are thought to correspond to the v(1) part of the h(+) v-atpase. in gastric caeca (ph 8), both antibody-binding ... | 1999 | 10460732 |
| bloodmeal microfilariae density and the uptake and establishment of wuchereria bancrofti infections in culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. | the relationship between ingestion of microfilariae (mf), production of infective larvae (l3) and mf density in human blood has been suggested as an important determinant in the transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis. here we assess the role of these factors in determining the competence of a natural vector culex quinquefasciatus and a non vector aedes aegypti to transmit wuchereria bancrofti. mosquitoes were infected via a membrane feeding procedure. both mosquito species ingested more t ... | 1999 | 10464399 |
| vector competence of aedes notoscriptus (diptera: culicidae) for barmah forest virus and of this species and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) for dengue 1-4 viruses in queensland, australia. | aedes notoscriptus (skuse) mosquitoes colonized from brisbane, queensland, australia, were fed on blood suspensions containing either barmah forest (bf) virus, dengue virus type 1 (den-1), dengue virus type 2 (den-2), dengue virus type 3 (den-3), or dengue virus type 4 (den-4). ae. notoscriptus was shown to be moderately susceptible to oral infection with bf virus, id50 = 10(3.3) ccid50 per mosquito, with titers in infected mosquitoes peaking 10 d after infection. bf virus transmission occurred ... | 1999 | 10467781 |
| isolation and characterization of insect pc2-like prohormone convertase cdna. | endoproteolytic processing of large precursor molecules at basic amino acid residues plays an important role in the maturation of many hormones, neuropeptides and other regulatory proteins. enzymes performing these reactions are designated as prohormone or proprotein convertases and belong to the subtilisin family of serine proteases. the screening of a larval cdna library of the sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina resulted in the isolation of two cdnas encoding a pc2-like prohormone convertase. the p ... | 1999 | 10469247 |
| immunity proteins from mosquito cell lines include three defensin a isoforms from aedes aegypti and a defensin d from aedes albopictus. | an aedes aegypti mosquito cell line, aag-2, exhibits a response to immune stimulation that is qualitatively similar to that of c7-10 cultured cells from the related mosquito, aedes albopictus. using sds polyacrylamide gels, we found that a small peptide was preferentially induced by the treatment of growing cells with heat-killed, gram-positive bacteria. by an analogy with other studies, this small peptide was postulated to be a member of the defensin family of insect immunity peptides. a differ ... | 1999 | 10469248 |
| a magic sword or a big itch: an historical look at the united states biological weapons programme. | in the late 1950s interest in entomological warfare increased, and literature describing the us biological warfare programmes on the use of the mosquito aedes aegypti, the vector for transmitting yellow fever, has now been released. yellow fever was considered as a suitable disease to use in southern regions of the former soviet union. the us destroyed its biological weapon stockpiles in the early 1970s. in addition to its offensive biological warfare programme, the us conducted extensive trials ... | 1999 | 10472190 |
| the other dr finlay | 0 | 10473479 | |
| selection and characterization of temephos resistance in a population of aedes aegypti from tortola, british virgin islands. | a collection of aedes aegypti from tortola, british virgin islands, with a high level of temephos resistance (46.8-fold at the 95% lethal concentration [lc95]) was selected to higher resistance with temephos in the laboratory. after 13 generations of pressure, the temephos resistance ratio increased to 180.6 (lc95), whereas in the absence of selection pressure the resistance ratio declined to 8.5. relatively low levels of resistance or cross-resistance to other organophosphate and carbamate inse ... | 1999 | 10480122 |
| laboratory evaluation of ai3-37220, ai3-35765, cic-4, and deet repellents against three species of mosquitoes. | four repellents, n,n-diethyl-3-methyl-benzamide (deet), 2-hydroxy-methyl-cyclohexyl acetic acid lactone (cic-4), and 2 piperidines (1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl] piperidine [ai3-35765] and 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine [ai3-37220]) were evaluated alone and in combination against aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus using a modified in vitro test system. this method was a valuable tool for comparing effective concentrations of the new compounds. becaus ... | 1999 | 10480126 |
| residual activity of bacillus thuringiensis serovars medellin and jegathesan on culex pipiens and aedes aegypti larvae. | bacillus thuringiensis serovar medellin strain 163-131 and bacillus thuringiensis serovar jegathesan (b.t.jeg.) strain 367 are very toxic to mosquito larvae. however, they are 10 times less toxic than bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) to mosquito larvae under laboratory conditions. lyophilized powders were produced from these strains and their toxicities were compared to that of powder produced from the b.t.i. strain. larvicidal activity was titrated using aedes aegypti (bora-bora ... | 1999 | 10480130 |
| heterochromatic banding pattern in two brazilian populations of aedes aegypti. | we analysed samples of aedes aegypti from são josé do rio preto and franca (brazil) by c-banding and ag-banding staining techniques. c-banding pattern of ae. aegypti from são josé do rio preto examined in metaphase cells differed from franca. the chromosomes 2, 3 and x showed centromeric c-bands in both populations, but a slightly stained centromeric band in the y chromosome was observed only in são josé do rio preto. in addition, the x chromosome in both populations and the y chromosome of all ... | 1999 | 10483095 |
| breeding habitats & seasonal variation in the larval density of aedes aegypti (l) & ae. albopictus (skuse) in an urban garden in calcutta city. | a longitudinal study on the breeding habitats and variation in the relative larval density of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus was conducted in an urban garden in calcutta city. the observations of the study, during october 1995 to september 1996 revealed that both the species showed preference for breeding in earthen, and cement pots, plant pots, chowbachhas and molluscan shells. ae. albopictus larvae were also found in accumulations of water in bamboo stumps and tree holes. the container positiv ... | 1999 | 10491914 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis on the development of plasmodium gallinaceum in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | adult, female aedes aegypti, some of which had survived a sublethal dose (lc50) of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (bti) as larvae, were fed on chickens with gametocytaemia of plasmodium gallinaceum. parasite development was monitored by dissecting samples of the mosquitoes immediately after the feed and on days 1, 7 and 9 post-feed, to check for the presence of gametocytes, ookinetes, oocysts and sporozoites, respectively. as the proportions of batches of fed mosquitoes found positive f ... | 1999 | 10492676 |
| [the effect of the period of egg quiescence on the life cycle of aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera, culicidae) under laboratory conditions]. | the influence of the period of egg quiescence on the life cycle of aedes aegypti (linnaeus, 1762) (diptera, culicidae) was studied under laboratory conditions in order to improve the management of vector control. the eggs are known to be the most resistant stages during development, allowing a long survival of the mosquitoes under unfavorable climatic conditions. the experiments were performed in a biological chamber kept at 28 +/- 1 degrees c temperature, with 80 +/- 5% relative humidity and 12 ... | 2006 | 10495662 |
| [an evaluation of municipal actions in the control of dengue vectors in the region of são josé do rio prêto, são paulo, 1989 to 1995]. | the aim of this study was to determine the coverage of municipal activities in terms of the control of aedes aegypti and/or aedes albopictus by routine house-to-house visits and by emergency activity, carried out between 1989 and 1995 in the area of são josé do rio prêto, são paulo state, and to evaluate the cross-correlation between them and the breteau index (bi). for towns with up to 50,000 real estate properties, the joint coverage by routine and emergency activities was mostly appropriate a ... | 1999 | 10495663 |
| [the factors associated with the occurrence of immature forms of aedes aegypti in ilha do governador, rio de janeiro, brazil]. | aedes aegypti is the vector of dengue, a disease that can result in epidemics. ecological studies are important because different geographical populations of the vector may differ in their bioecological characteristics, which can be helpful in guiding control actions. the objective of this study was to identify and to analyze some factors associated with the occurrence of immature forms of a. aegypti on ilha do governador, rio de janeiro, using data from the national health foundation (fns). the ... | 1999 | 10495666 |
| hyperactive transposase mutants of the himar1 mariner transposon. | mariner-family transposable elements are active in a wide variety of organisms and are becoming increasingly important genetic tools in species lacking sophisticated genetics. the himar1 element, isolated from the horn fly, haematobia irritans, is active in escherichia coli when expressed appropriately. we used this fact to devise a genetic screen for hyperactive mutants of himar1 transposase that enhance overall transposition from approximately 4- to 50-fold as measured in an e. coli assay. pur ... | 1999 | 10500193 |
| [distribution of aedes aegypti and dengue in the state of maranhão, brazil]. | dengue and aedes aegypti are widespread in the state of maranhão. during 1995, 87 of the 136 of the state's counties, including 176 towns and 480,687 households, were studied, of which 30 counties (34. 4%), 118 towns (67.0%) and 10,357 households (2.1%) were positive for aedes aegypti. the positive counties are distributed as follow: 3 on são luís island, 7 in the amazonia of maranhão, 12 in the southern zone of the cerrados or savannas, and 5 in the mixed forest/savanna/palm grove zone. one pos ... | 1999 | 10502143 |
| mosquito hearing: sound-induced antennal vibrations in male and female aedes aegypti. | male mosquitoes are attracted by the flight sounds of conspecific females. in males only, the antennal flagellum bears a large number of long hairs and is therefore said to be plumose. as early as 1855, it was proposed that this remarkable antennal anatomy served as a sound-receiving structure. in the present study, the sound-induced vibrations of the antennal flagellum in male and female aedes aegypti were compared, and the functional significance of the flagellar hairs for audition was examine ... | 1999 | 10504309 |
| laboratory testing of a lethal ovitrap for aedes aegypti. | laboratory tests were conducted to determine the feasibility of making the mosquito ovitrap lethal to aedes aegypti (l.) when they attempt to oviposit in the trap. heavy-weight velour paper strips (2.54 x 11 cm) were used as an alternative to the wooden paddle normally provided as a substrate for mosquito oviposition. the paper strips were pretreated with insecticide solutions and allowed to dry before being used in oviposition cups of 473 ml capacity, filled with water initially to within 2.5 c ... | 1999 | 10514047 |
| bacillus sphaericus interferes with the development of brugia malayi in aedes aegypti. | aedes aegypti (black-eyed liverpool strain) were exposed to a sublethal dose (ld25) of bacillus sphaericus and were fed to mastomys coucha infected with brugia malayi. the development of the filarial parasite was found to be arrested mostly at the second larval stage. the infection (p < 0.05), infectivity rates (p < 0.001) and l3 load (p < 0.001) were found to be reduced significantly in the treated group. | 1999 | 10526424 |
| insulin stimulates ecdysteroid production through a conserved signaling cascade in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | selective activators and inhibitors of insulin signaling cascades in mammalian cells were tested for their effects on insulin stimulated steroidogenesis by ovaries of aedes aegypti. bovine insulin in the concentration range of 1.7 microm to 85 microm stimulated ecdysteroidogenesis in vitro. pervanadate, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase phosphatase, stimulated ecdysteroid production at concentrations of 250 microm to 1 microm. okidaic acid, a serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, stimulated ster ... | 1999 | 10528406 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to two new mosquito aedes aegypti salivary proteins. | mosquito salivary proteins, which are fundamental to the process of blood feeding, also facilitate disease transmission and cause allergic reactions. the identification and characterisation of these proteins have been hampered by the difficulty of obtaining them in purified form. in this report, we describe the production of mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against mosquito salivary proteins. balb/c mice were immunised with aedes aegypti saliva proteins. hybridomas were produced by fusion of s ... | 1999 | 10528410 |
| repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | the repellency of different concentrations (5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) and combinations of 5 essential oils (bourbon geranium, cedarwood, clove, peppermint, and thyme) to aedes aegypti (l.) and anopheles albimanus wiedemann when applied to human skin was determined in laboratory tests. cedarwood oil failed to repel mosquitoes and only high concentrations of peppermint oil repelled ae. aegypti. none of the oils tested prevented mosquito bite when used at the 5 or 10% concentration. thyme and cl ... | 1999 | 10534958 |
| transcriptional control is relevant in the modulation of mosquito ferritin synthesis by iron. | in yellow fever mosquito cells (aag2 clone), iron treatment induces a threefold increase in ferritin message (fer mrna) and protein (ferritin) by 16 h. these data contrast with work in mammalian hepatocytes and fibroblasts in which fer mrna levels do not change with iron stimulation, but ferritin levels increase 50-fold. pretreatment of the aag2 cells with actinomycin d blocks induction of fer mrna and reduces the ferritin subunit synthesis, suggesting that iron induction of ferritin subunit syn ... | 1999 | 10542070 |
| genotypic diversity among brevibacillus laterosporus strains. | in comparison with other entomopathogenic bacillus species, the genome of brevibacillus laterosporus is poorly characterized. the aim of this study was to examine genetic variability in b. laterosporus by using a range of typing methodologies. strains of b. laterosporus were examined for variation in 13 chromosomal genes encoding enzymes by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. optimal conditions of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic dna were established that allowe ... | 1999 | 10543843 |
| a mosquito densovirus infecting aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from thailand. | a previously undescribed mosquito densovirus was detected in colonies of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus from thailand, using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay. phylogenetic analysis of this virus showed it to be most closely related to adnv isolated from russian ae. aegypti. both aedes species were susceptible to oral infection with the thai-strain virus. larval mortality for ae. albopictus was higher (82%) than for ae. aegypti (51%). aedes aegypti were able to transmit the virus v ... | 1999 | 10548296 |
| dynamics of susceptibility and transmissibility of the live, attenuated, candidate vaccines dengue-1 pdk13, dengue-3 pgmk30f3, and dengue-4 pdk48 after oral infection in aedes aegypti. | dengue-1 virus pdk13 and isolates from vaccinees (dengue-1 ib1 and dengue-1 ib 10), dengue-3 pgmk30f3, and dengue-4 pdk48 were studied for their abilities to infect, disseminate, and replicate in aedes aegypti mosquitoes by the oral route. in general, infection and dissemination rates were poorer for the vaccine compared with the parent viruses. the transmissibility was also lower for dengue-1 pdk13 than the parent virus, whereas it was not detected for isolates from vaccinees and dengue-3 pgmk3 ... | 1999 | 10548309 |
| inhibition of luciferase expression in transgenic aedes aegypti mosquitoes by sindbis virus expression of antisense luciferase rna. | a rapid and reproducible method of inhibiting the expression of specific genes in mosquitoes should further our understanding of gene function and may lead to the identification of mosquito genes that determine vector competence or are involved in pathogen transmission. we hypothesized that the virus expression system based on the mosquito-borne alphavirus, sindbis (togaviridae), may efficiently transcribe effector rnas that inhibit expression of a targeted mosquito gene. to test this hypothesis ... | 1999 | 10557332 |
| membrane proteins of aedes aegypti larvae bind toxins cry4b and cry11a of bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis. | proteins of molecular weight 65 and 62 kd and having affinity for toxins cry4b and cry11a produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis have been isolated from brush border membranes of aedes aegypti larvae using affinity chromatography. using a ligand blotting technique, we show that the binding of these proteins to the biotinylated toxins is reversible and that the two toxins compete for binding to the two proteins. these proteins are likely to be cry4b and cry11a toxin receptors in gut ... | 1999 | 10561564 |
| the chitinase pfcht1 from the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum lacks proenzyme and chitin-binding domains and displays unique substrate preferences. | within hours after the ingestion of a blood meal, the mosquito midgut epithelium synthesizes a chitinous sac, the peritrophic matrix. plasmodium ookinetes traverse the peritrophic matrix while escaping the mosquito midgut. chitinases (ec 3.2.1.14) are critical for parasite invasion of the midgut: the presence of the chitinase inhibitor, allosamidin, in an infectious blood meal prevents oocyst development. a chitinase gene, pgcht1, recently has been identified in the avian malaria parasite p. gal ... | 1999 | 10570198 |
| [genetic control of vectorial competence in aedes mosquitoes]. | the transmission of pathogens by arthropods is dependent on the relationships that exist between the pathogen, the invertebrate host (the vector) and the vertebrate host, each of which is influenced by environmental variations. particular attention is given to the knowledge of intrinsic factors and the mechanisms controlling the ability of vectors to transmit pathogens (viruses or parasites). polymorphism in the expression of susceptibility to oral infection has been shown to occur among geograp ... | 1999 | 10572663 |
| isolation and identification of a peptide and its cdna from the mosquito aedes aegypti related to manduca sexta allatotropin. | immunocytochemistry revealed that an allatotropin-immunoreactive peptide is produced by several neuroendocrince cells in the abdominal ganglia of the mosquito aedes aegypti. the immunoreactive peptide was isolated and its structure determined to be ala-pro-phe-arg-asn-ser-glu-met-met-thr-ala-arg-gly-phe-amide. a cdna clone encoding this novel neuropeptide was shown to encode a single copy of this peptide. the cdna is unusual in that the first seven atgs are not used for translation initiation. | 1999 | 10573285 |
| [changes in susceptibility of aedes aegypti to organophosphates in municipalities in the state of são paulo, brazil]. | baseline data on susceptibility of aedes aegypti to organophosphates detected alterations in cities of the state of s. paulo, brazil | 1999 | 10576756 |
| interaction of plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes and oocysts with extracellular matrix proteins. | plasmodium ookinetes are elongate, motile and invasive while inside the mosquito gut but promptly metamorphose into spherical immobile oocysts upon coming in contact with the basement membrane surrounding the midgut. there they begin a prolonged growth period characterized by massive dna synthesis for the production of sporozoites. living plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes attached avidly to the murine extracellular matrix proteins, laminin and collagen type iv. in elisa-type assays, the main ooki ... | 1999 | 10581609 |
| ammonia as an attractive component of host odour for the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | behavioural responses of aedes aegypti mosquitoes to ammonia were investigated in a modified y-tube olfactometer. ammonia was attractive in concentrations from 17 ppb to 17 ppm in air when presented together with lactic acid. aqueous solutions of ammonia salts in concentrations comparable to those found in human sweat also increased the attractiveness of lactic acid. the role of lactic acid as an essential synergist for ammonia became further apparent by the fact that ammonia alone or in combina ... | 1999 | 10587497 |
| receptor-mediated endocytosis in the caenorhabditis elegans oocyte. | the caenorhabditis elegans oocyte is a highly amenable system for forward and reverse genetic analysis of receptor-mediated endocytosis. we describe the use of transgenic strains expressing a vitellogenin::green fluorescent protein (yp170::gfp) fusion to monitor yolk endocytosis by the c. elegans oocyte in vivo. this yp170::gfp reporter was used to assay the functions of c. elegans predicted proteins homologous to vertebrate endocytosis factors using rna-mediated interference. we show that the b ... | 0 | 10588660 |
| brugia malayi microfilariae (nematoda: filaridae) enhance the infectivity of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus to aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae). | we examined the potentially conflicting effects that microfilarial (mf) enhancement of viral infectivity and mf-induced mortality in mosquitoes have on the vectorial capacity of aedes aegypti (l.), aedes triseriatus (say), and aedes taeniorhynchus (wiedemann) for venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) when mosquitoes feed on gerbils co-infected with brugia malayi (buckley). groups of mosquitoes were fed on gerbils that were either dually infected (vee plus b. malayi mf) or singly infected (v ... | 1999 | 10593077 |
| potential for aging female aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) by gas chromatographic analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons, including a field evaluation. | gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection was used to measure the time-associated, quantitative changes in the cuticular hydrocarbons of female aedes aegypti (l.). cohorts of unstressed ae. aegypti, rockefeller strain, were reared and held at 3 constant temperatures (24, 28, and 30 degrees c). five females from each cohort were taken at 33 degree-day (dd) intervals from 0 to 231 dd (using 17 degrees c as the threshold temperature). quantitative changes over time of cuticular hydrocarbon ... | 1999 | 10593085 |
| aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) age determination by cuticular hydrocarbon analysis of female legs. | we previously described methods for age-grading female aedes aegypti (l.) by gas chromatographic (gc) analysis of whole-body cuticular hydrocarbon patterns. two regression models were developed that were based on the age-dependent, relative abundance of 2 cuticular hydrocarbons, pentacosane (gc peak 1) and nonacosane (gc peak 5). we have refined this method so that only the legs are required to age individual females. two new regression models were developed that also use the relative abundance ... | 1999 | 10593086 |
| calibrated funnel trap for quantifying mosquito (diptera: culicidae) abundance in wells. | our article addresses the problems of sampling and quantifying the abundance of immature aedes aegypti (l.) and other mosquitoes that use subterranean habitats such as wells and service manholes. two versions of the funnel trap, austrap and vietrap, were extremely sensitive for detecting the presence of ae. aegypti larvae in wells, and the modified version, the vietrap, sampled on average 20.5% of 3rd and 4th instars when set overnight for 12 h. for both models, regression analyses between trap ... | 1999 | 10593090 |
| screening of ten plant species for metaphase chromosome preparation in adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) using an inoculation technique. | the screening of 10 plant species (aloe barbadensis mill., asparagus officinalis l., as. plumosus bak., as. racemosus willd., as. sprengeri regel, codyline fruticosa goppert, dracaena loureiri gagnep., gloriosa superba l., hemerocallis flava l., and sansevieria cylindrica bojer) for colchicine-like substance(s) using a mosquito cytogenetic assay revealed that a 1% solution of dried gl. superba rhizome extracted in 0.85% sodium chloride solution could be used instead of a 1% colchicine in hanks' ... | 1999 | 10593098 |
| mosqui, a novel family of mosquito retrotransposons distantly related to the drosophila i factors, may consist of elements of more than one origin. | a novel family of non-long-terminal-repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons, named mosqui, was discovered in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. there were approximately 14 copies of mosqui in the a. aegypti genome. four of the five analyzed mosqui elements were truncated at the 5' ends while one of them, mosqui-aa2, was full-length. all five mosqui elements ended with 4-10 taa tandem repeats, as the drosophila i factors do. interestingly, mosqui elements were often found near genes and other re ... | 1999 | 10605110 |
| genomic structure and ecdysone regulation of the prophenoloxidase 1 gene in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | prophenoloxidase, a melanin-synthesizing enzyme, is considered to be an important arthropod immune protein. in mosquitoes, prophenoloxidase has been shown to be involved in refractory mechanisms against malaria parasites. in our study we used anopheles gambiae, the most important human malaria vector, to characterize the first arthropod prophenoloxidase gene at the genomic level. the complete nucleotide sequence, including the immediate 5' flanking sequence (-855 bp) of the prophenoloxidase 1 ge ... | 1999 | 10611292 |
| two distinct subpopulations of ecdysone receptor complex in the female mosquito during vitellogenesis. | the native functional ecdysone receptor complex, a heterodimer of the ecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle (usp) proteins, was identified in the fat body of adult female mosquitoes, aedes aegypti, through electrophoretic mobility shift assays (emsa) using previously characterized drosophila ecdysone response elements (ecres). the use of different salt concentrations during preparation of nuclear extracts enabled us to characterize two distinct subpopulations of the receptor complex, one of ... | 1999 | 10612429 |
| aedes albopictus from albania: a potential vector of dengue viruses. | aedes albopictus collected in durazzo, the main port of albania, were tested for oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus and their infection rates were compared to those of an aedes aegypti strain (paea) and another strain of ae. albopictus (tananarive). infection rates for the albanian ae. albopictus were dose dependent, ranging from 38.9 +/- 13.6% to 85.1% with the titer of the meal increasing from 10 x 8.1 to 10 x 9.1 50% mosquito infectious doses (mid50)/ml. the percentage of infected fem ... | 1999 | 10612611 |
| evaluation of costa rican copepods (crustacea: eudecapoda) for larval aedes aegypti control with special reference to mesocyclops thermocyclopoides. | this study attempted to find organisms for the biological control of the mosquito aedes aegypti in costa rica. copepods of the genera arctodiaptomus, eucylops, mesocyclops, megacyclops, and thermocyclops were collected in several parts of the country and cultured for laboratory evaluations. mesocyclops thermocyclopoides was the most successful species in reducing the number of larval ae. aegypti (7.3 larvae in 24 h at a density of 200 aedes/liter). arctodiaptomus dorsalis, eucyclops cf. bondi, e ... | 1999 | 10612615 |
| use of a funnel trap for collecting immature aedes aegypti and copepods from deep wells in yogyakarta, indonesia. | during the course of a "dry" season dengue vector survey, indoor and outdoor household wells were sampled for the possible presence of immature mosquitoes and copepods. with a simple floating funnel trap, aedes aegypti immature stages were captured in over 33% of the sampled wells (n = 93) during a 24-h trapping period per well. average number of larvae (all instars) per positive well was 8.8 (range 1-63). positive wells varied in depth from 2.7 to 14.7 m (8.8-48.2 ft), with a mean of 7.9 +/-se ... | 1999 | 10612624 |
| salivary gland proteins of the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. | several properties of the salivary glands of culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were analysed. the amount of protein in female salivary glands increased from 0.26 microg on day one after emergence to about 1.4 microg on day seven. the major polypeptides found in the female salivary glands had molecular weights of 35.7, 28.3, and 20.5 kda. antibodies produced by mice immunized by bites of culex quinquefasciatus female mosquitoes reacted with the 35.7 and 28.3 kda polypeptides, showing that these m ... | 2000 | 10613958 |
| comparison of two rapid diagnostic assays for detection of immunoglobulin m antibodies to dengue virus. | two easy-to-use commercial diagnostic assays, a dipstick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (integrated diagnostics, baltimore, md.) and an immunochromatographic card assay (panbio, brisbane, australia) were evaluated for detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody to dengue virus with an in-house igm antibody capture microplate elisa as a reference assay. the dipstick elisa was based on the indirect-elisa format using dengue 2 virus as the only antigen and enzyme-labeled goat anti-human ... | 2000 | 10618287 |
| characterization of the sialokinin i gene encoding the salivary vasodilator of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | the gene encoding sialokinin i, the principal vasodilatory peptide of aedes aegypti, has been isolated and characterized. degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on peptide amino acid sequence were used to amplify a gene fragment from messenger rna (mrna) isolated from female salivary glands. the amplification product was used to probe a salivary gland complementary dna (cdna) library, and a number of corresponding cdnas were isolated and their primary sequence determined. analysis of the conce ... | 1999 | 10620041 |
| perspectives for the treatment of infections with flaviviridae. | the family flaviviridae contains three genera: hepacivirus, flavivirus, and pestivirus. worldwide, more than 170 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis c virus and are at risk of developing cirrhosis and/or liver cancer. in addition, infections with arthropod-borne flaviviruses (such as dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, st. louis encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, west nile, and yellow fever viruses) are emerging throughout the world. the pestiv ... | 2000 | 10627492 |
| differential toxicity of leaf litter to dipteran larvae of mosquito developmental sites. | the relative toxicity of leaf litter to nematocerous dipteran larvae characteristic of mosquito developmental sites was investigated. culicidae, chironomidae, and simuliidae taxa originating from alpine hydrosystems were tested together with two laboratory nonindigenous culicid taxa. bioassays indicate that ingestion of 10-month-old decaying leaves from alnus glutinosa, populus nigra, and quercus robur by larvae is more deleterious for aedes aegypti, a. albopictus, culex pipiens, simulium varieg ... | 2000 | 10631052 |
| ahr38, a homolog of ngfi-b, inhibits formation of the functional ecdysteroid receptor in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | in anautogenous mosquitoes, vitellogenesis, the key event in egg maturation, requires a blood meal. consequently, mosquitoes are vectors of numerous devastating human diseases. after ingestion of blood, 20-hydroxyecdysone activates yolk protein precursor (ypp) genes in the metabolic tissue, the fat body. an important adaptation for anautogenicity is the previtellogenic developmental arrest (the state-of-arrest) preventing the activation of ypp genes in previtellogenic females prior to blood feed ... | 2000 | 10637229 |
| cis and trans factors affecting mos1 mariner evolution and transposition in vitro, and its potential for functional genomics. | mos1 and other mariner / tc1 transposons move horizon-tally during evolution, and when transplanted into heterologous species can transpose in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to protozoans and vertebrates. to further develop the drosophila mos1 mariner system as a genetic tool and to probe mechanisms affecting the regulation of transposition activity, we developed an in vitro system for mos1 transposition using purified transposase and selectable mos1 derivatives. transposition frequencies of ... | 0 | 10637331 |
| differential expression and regulation by 20-hydroxyecdysone of mosquito ultraspiracle isoforms. | ultraspiracle (usp), the insect homologue of the vertebrate retinoid x receptor, is an obligatory dimerization partner for the ecdysteroid receptor (ecr). two usp isoforms, usp-a and usp-b, with distinct n-termini, occur in the mosquito aedes aegypti. in the fat body and ovary, usp-a mrna is highly expressed during the pre- and late vitellogenic stages, corresponding to a period of low ecdysteroid titer, while usp-b mrna exhibits its highest levels during the vitellogenic period, correlating wit ... | 2000 | 10644414 |
| re-emergence of chikungunya and o'nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships. | chikungunya (chik) virus is a member of the genus alphavirus in the family togaviridae: serologically, it is most closely related to o'nyong-nyong (onn) virus and is a member of the semliki forest antigenic complex. chik virus is believed to be enzootic throughout much of africa and historical evidence indicates that it spread to other parts of the world from this origin. strains from africa and asia are reported to differ biologically, indicating that distinct lineages may exist. to examine the ... | 2000 | 10644846 |
| evidence for expression of ecr and usp components of the 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor by a mosquito cell line. | the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to examine whether the c7-10 cell line from the mosquito, aedes albopictus, expresses transcripts encoding 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor (ecr) and ultraspiracle (usp) isoforms known to constitute a functional 20-hydroxyecdysone receptor. here we describe recovery and analysis of products with high similarity to the ecr and to the usp isoform "a" that have been reported from the related mosquito, aedes aegypti. the c7-10 ecr was ... | 2000 | 10644973 |
| recent, extensive, and preferential insertion of members of the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element family heartbreaker into genic regions of maize. | a 314-bp dna element called heartbreaker-hm1 (hbr-hm1) was previously identified in the 3' untranslated region of a mutant allele of the maize disease resistance gene hm1. this element has structural features of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) and is a member of a large family of approximately 4,000 copies in the maize genome. unlike previously described mites, most members of the hbr family display over 90% sequence identity. this, coupled with the insertion of an hbr el ... | 0 | 10655501 |
| independent evolution of toll and related genes in insects and mammals. | toll and toll-related proteins play an important role in antibacterial innate immunity in insect, plants, and mammals. we present the first comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of toll-related genes from both insects and mammals. drosophila melanogaster contains toll and a highly homologous gene, tehao. the protein, dm tehao, comprises 795 amino acid residues and its cytoplasmic domain shares a striking 61% identity with dm toll. two toll homologues were found in another dipteran of medical impor ... | 2000 | 10663571 |
| green fluorescent protein as a genetic marker in transgenic aedes aegypti. | we report here the use of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) from the jellyfish, aequorea victoria, as a genetic marker for the genetic transformation of mosquitoes. the egfp gene, under the control of the actin5c promoter of drosophila melanogaster was inserted into the hermes transposable element. preblastoderm embryos of a wild-type strain of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, were microinjected with this plasmid, together with a helper plasmid containing the hermes transpos ... | 2000 | 10672065 |
| structure of hermes integrations in the germline of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. | the hermes transposable element is derived from the house fly, musca domestica, and can incorporate into the germline of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. preliminary southern analyses indicated that hermes integrated along with the marker gene into the mosquito genomic dna. here we show that hermes integrations are accompanied by the integration of the donor plasmid as well. in addition, breaks in the donor plasmid dnas do not occur precisely, or at the end of the terminal inverted repe ... | 2000 | 10672066 |
| recombinant juvenile hormone esterase, an effective tool for modifying juvenile hormone-dependent expression of the early trypsin gene in mosquitoes. | the study of the changes in the steady-state levels of the early trypsin (et) messenger rna (mrna) was used as a sensitive assay for measuring the effects of recombinant juvenile hormone esterase (rjhe) on juvenile hormone (jh)-dependent gene expression in mosquitoes. et is a female-specific protease present in the midgut of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti during the first few hours after ingestion of a blood meal. transcription of the early trypsin gene is part of the normal postemergen ... | 2000 | 10672068 |
| characterization of a carboxypeptidase a gene from the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | a gut-specific carboxypeptidase a gene (aecpa) from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, was cloned and characterized. the gene has an open reading frame that predicts a protein of 427 amino acids, 61% of which are identical to an anopheles gambiae carboxypeptidase a sequence. aecpa messenger rna (mrna) was not detected during larval and pupal development. in situ hybridization experiments indicated that aecpa mrna is expressed by posterior midgut epithelial cells. in sharp contrast to an. gambiae carbo ... | 2000 | 10672069 |
| development of a sindbis virus expression system that efficiently expresses green fluorescent protein in midguts of aedes aegypti following per os infection. | a double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) virus, mre/3'2 j/gfp, was constructed to efficiently express green fluorescent protein (gfp) in the midgut of aedes aegypti following per os infection. the mre/3'2 j/gfp rna genome contained the nonstructural genes and cis-acting sequences of the dssin virus, te/3'2 j/gfp, but had the structural genes of mre16 sin virus. mre/3'2 j/gfp virus, unlike te/3'2 j/gfp virus, efficiently infected mosquitoes orally. at 1-2 days postinfection, gfp was observed as multip ... | 2000 | 10672072 |
| short report: microsatellite sequences as markers for population genetic studies of the mosquito aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue viruses. | we report the isolation of microsatellites from an enriched library of genomic repeated sequences, using a biotin-labeled oligonucleotide bound to streptavidin-coated magnetic particles. four microsatellites were obtained from a partial library of 120 recombinant clones. this more efficient and rapid method to obtain these specific repeated sequences is preferred to the conventional isolation procedure based on the construction of a genomic library. microsatellite markers would be promising mole ... | 1999 | 10674685 |
| structural organization of posterior midgut muscles in mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. | in order to adapt to diverse feeding behavior, animal intestines have evolved with distinct differences. such adaptation may include the structure of the longitudinal and circular muscles that maintain the integrity and the tensile strength of the gut tissue in higher metazoans. here we examined the structural organization of the posterior midgut muscles of two insects, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. we found the estimated number of longitudinal muscles in a cross-section to be 168 in ae. ... | 2000 | 10675294 |
| the kinin peptide family in invertebrates. | kinins comprise a family of peptides that were first found in the central nervous system of insects and recently also in mollusks and crustaceans. after the isolation of the first members of the kinin family, the leukokinins from leucophaea maderae, leukokinin-related peptides were found in the cricket acheta domesticus and the locust locusta migratoria, all through their ability to induce leucophaea maderae hindgut contraction. subsequently, kinins were found in the mosquitoes culex salinarius ... | 1999 | 10676463 |
| regulation of the vitellogenin receptor during drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. | in many insects, development of the oocyte arrests temporarily just before vitellogenesis, the period when vitellogenins (yolk proteins) accumulate in the oocyte. following hormonal and environmental cues, development of the oocyte resumes, and endocytosis of vitellogenins begins. an essential component of yolk uptake is the vitellogenin receptor. in this report, we describe the ovarian expression pattern and subcellular localization of the mrna and protein encoded by the drosophila melanogaster ... | 0 | 10679010 |
| toward anopheles transformation: minos element activity in anopheline cells and embryos. | the ability of the minos transposable element to function as a transformation vector in anopheline mosquitoes was assessed. two recently established anopheles gambiae cell lines were stably transformed by using marked minos transposons in the presence of a helper plasmid expressing transposase. the markers were either the green fluorescent protein or the hygromycin b phosphotransferase gene driven by the drosophila hsp70 promoter. cloning and sequencing of the integration sites demonstrated that ... | 2000 | 10681436 |
| the electrical properties of the anterior stomach of the larval mosquito (aedes aegypti). | the electrical properties of the anterior stomach of the larval mosquito (aedes aegypti) were determined. at late times after cannulation, the intraluminal space constant was 936 microm, which is almost as long as the isolated tissue itself. at this time, the resistance of the apical cell membranes dominates the transcellular resistance; it is approximately 14 times the resistance of the basal cell membrane. two physiologically distinct epithelial cell types were identified. one type has a stabl ... | 2000 | 10683168 |
| a case of dengue from pune, india. | dengue is an acute infectious disease, caused by a single stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) virus of the family of flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, transmitted by aedes mosquitos, the most important vectors being aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. there are four serotypes, den-1, den-2, den-3, den-4 that are nearly human specific. the geographical distribution of dengue is pantropical, except for madagascar and some african regions. it is endemo-epidemic in tropical and subtropical countries inclu ... | 2000 | 10689245 |
| [oral receptivity of aedes aegypti formosus from franceville (gabon, central africa) for type 2 dengue virus]. | dengue is widely distributed in the tropics but epidemic activity was rarely reported in africa before the 1980's. in the past 15 years, increased epidemic dengue fever has been reported both in east and west africa, raising concern about the ability of local populations of aedes aegypti to transmit dengue viruses. ae. aegypti is present in two forms in africa: ae. aegypti aegypti and ae. aegypti formosus. this latter form, much darker, was not originally a local species but is now colonizing ar ... | 1999 | 10690473 |
| [present status of an arbovirus infection: yellow fever, its natural history of hemorrhagic fever, rift valley fever]. | in the early 20th century, when it was discovered that the yellow fever virus was transmitted in its urban cycle by aedes aegypti, measures of control were introduced leading to its disappearance. progressive neglect of the disease, however, led to a new outbreak in 1927 during which the etiological agent was isolated; some years later a vaccine was discovered and yellow fever disappeared again. in the 1960s, rare cases of encephalitis were observed in young children after vaccination and the ad ... | 1999 | 10690474 |
| laboratory evaluation of lambda-cyhalothrin a microencapsulated formulation on mosquito nets for control of vector mosquitos. | two formulations of lambda-cyhalothrin (ec-emulsion concentrate and mc-microencapsulated) were impregnated into bednets made of polyethylene and polyester. the nets were treated at a dosage of 15 mg/m2. for bioassay of insecticidal efficacy, female anopheles maculatus and aedes aegypti were exposed to the nets for two minutes and mortality was scored 24 hours later. the nets were also tested after repeated washings with water and with soap and water. microencapsulated (2.5cs) formulation was mor ... | 1999 | 10695808 |
| influence of igr treatment on oviposition of three species of vector mosquitos at sublethal concentrations. | sublethal effect of hexaflumuron, an insect growth regulator (igr), on the oviposition of three species of vector mosquitos. culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi was studied. significant reduction in oviposition was observed in the females of the above three species derived from fourth instar larvae and pupae exposed to sublethal (ei5 and ei50) doses. the reduction in egg laying is proportional to the dose of exposure and was found to be about twice higher in females of ... | 1999 | 10695811 |
| controlling malaria transmission with genetically-engineered, plasmodium-resistant mosquitoes: milestones in a model system. | we are developing transgenic mosquitoes resistant to malaria parasites to test the hypothesis that genetically-engineered mosquitoes can be used to block the transmission of the parasites. we are developing and testing many of the necessary methodologies with the avian malaria parasite, plasmodium gallinaceum, and its laboratory vector, aedes aegypti, in anticipation of engaging the technical challenges presented by the malaria parasite, p. falciparum, and its major african vector, anopheles gam ... | 1999 | 10697903 |
| salivary gland-specific gene expression in the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | molecular studies on the tissue-specific gene expression in the salivary glands of anopheles gambiae may provide useful tools for the development of new strategies for the control of the most efficient malaria vector in the sub-saharan africa. we summarize here the results of a recent investigation focused on the isolation of secreted factors and putative receptors from the salivary glands of an. gambiae. using the signal sequence trap technique we have identified the first cdnas specifically ex ... | 1999 | 10697906 |
| cyt1a from bacillus thuringiensis synergizes activity of bacillus sphaericus against aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | bacillus sphaericus is a mosquitocidal bacterium recently developed as a commercial larvicide that is used worldwide to control pestiferous and vector mosquitoes. whereas b. sphaericus is highly active against larvae of culex and anopheles mosquitoes, it is virtually nontoxic to aedes aegypti, an important vector species. in the present study, we evaluated the capacity of the cytolytic protein cyt1a from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to enhance the toxicity of b. sphaericus toward a. ... | 2000 | 10698776 |
| analysis of human skin emanations by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. 2. identification of volatile compounds that are candidate attractants for the yellow fever mosquito (aedes aegypti). | volatile compounds emanated from human skin were studied by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). the purpose of this study was to identify compounds that may be human-produced kairomones which are used for host location by the mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.). the procedure used to collect volatiles was chosen because of prior knowledge that attractive substances can be transferred from skin to glass by handling. laboratory bioassays have shown that the residuum on the glass remains attract ... | 2000 | 10701259 |
| two insecticidal tetranortriterpenoids from azadirachta indica. | two new triterpenoids, 6 alpha-o-acetyl-7-deacetylnimocinol [24,25,26,27-tetra-norapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-6 alpha-acetoxy-7 alpha-hydroxy-1,14,20,22-tetraen-21,23-epoxy-3-one] (1) and meliacinol [24,25,26,27-tetranorapotirucalla-(apoeupha)-1 alpha-trimethylacryloxy-21,23-6 alpha,28-diepoxy-16-oxo-17-oxa-14,20,22-trien-3 alpha,7 alpha-diol] (2) were isolated from the methanolic extract of the fresh leaves of azadirachta indica (neem). their structures have been elucidated through spectral studies ... | 2000 | 10703059 |
| genetics of mosquito vector competence. | mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. one such strategy is to generate pathogen-resi ... | 2000 | 10704476 |
| attenuation markers of a candidate dengue type 2 vaccine virus, strain 16681 (pdk-53), are defined by mutations in the 5' noncoding region and nonstructural proteins 1 and 3. | the genome of a candidate dengue type 2 (den-2) vaccine virus, strain pdk-53, differs from its den-2 16681 parent by nine nucleotides. using infectious cdna clones, we constructed 18 recombinant 16681/pdk-53 viruses to analyze four 16681-to-pdk-53 mutations, including 5' noncoding region (5'nc)-57 c-to-t, premembrane (prm)-29 asp-to-val (the only mutation that occurs in the structural proteins), nonstructural protein 1 (ns1)-53 gly-to-asp, and ns3-250 glu-to-val. the viruses were studied for pla ... | 2000 | 10708415 |