Publications

ammonia sanitization of blackwater for safe use as fertilizer.	source-separated blackwater from low-flush toilets contains plant-available nutrients and can be used as a fertilizer. the aim of the study was to evaluate the impact on pathogen inactivation when treating blackwater with urea and/or lime. blackwater was spiked with salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157, enterococcus faecalis, and ascaris suum eggs, and treated with urea and/or lime in concentrations up to 0.1% w/w. the bottles were kept in a storage facility (manure slurry tank) for 102 ...	2015	25768229
hygienisation and nutrient conservation of sewage sludge or cattle manure by lactic acid fermentation.	manure from animal farms and sewage sludge contain pathogens and opportunistic organisms in various concentrations depending on the health of the herds and human sources. other than for the presence of pathogens, these waste substances are excellent nutrient sources and constitute a preferred organic fertilizer. however, because of the pathogens, the risks of infection of animals or humans increase with the indiscriminate use of manure, especially liquid manure or sludge, for agriculture. this p ...	2015	25786255
immune antibodies and helminth products drive cxcr2-dependent macrophage-myofibroblast crosstalk to promote intestinal repair.	helminth parasites can cause considerable damage when migrating through host tissues, thus making rapid tissue repair imperative to prevent bleeding and bacterial dissemination particularly during enteric infection. however, how protective type 2 responses targeted against these tissue-disruptive multicellular parasites might contribute to homeostatic wound healing in the intestine has remained unclear. here, we observed that mice lacking antibodies (aid-/-) or activating fc receptors (fcrg-/-) ...	2015	25806513
different neuropeptides are expressed in different functional subsets of cholinergic excitatory motorneurons in the nematode ascaris suum.	neuropeptides are known to have dramatic effects on neurons and synapses; however, despite extensive studies of the motorneurons in the parasitic nematode ascaris suum, their peptide content had not yet been described. we determined the peptide content of single excitatory motorneurons by mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. there are two subsets of ventral cord excitatory motorneurons, each with neuromuscular output either anterior or posterior to their cell body, mediating forward o ...	2015	25812635
identification and characterization of a differentially expressed gene (07e12) in the infective larvae of the parasitic nematode ascaris suum.	parasitic nematodes cause animal and human diseases of major socio-economic importance worldwide. the suppression of parasite development at particular developmental stages could provide an alternative approach for nematode control. in this study, ascaris suum was used as a model system in the study of the differentially expressed genes in the infective l3 stage.	2017	25848387
draft genome of neurotropic nematode parasite angiostrongylus cantonensis, causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis.	angiostrongylus cantonensis is a bursate nematode parasite that causes eosinophilic meningitis (or meningoencephalitis) in humans in many parts of the world. the genomic data from a. cantonensis will form a useful resource for comparative genomic and chemogenomic studies to aid the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. we have sequenced, assembled and annotated the genome of a. cantonensis. the genome size is estimated to be ∼260 mb, with 17,280 genomic scaffolds, 91x coverage, 81.45% for ...	2015	25910624
interaction of carvacrol with the ascaris suum nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, potential mechanism of antinematodal action.	essential plant oils (or their active principles) are safe to use and a potentially attractive alternative to current antiparasitic drugs. in the present study, we tested the effects of carvacrol on the isolated tissues of ascaris suum and investigated potential interactions with other antiparasitic drugs. we used somatic muscle flaps for contraction assays, as well as for electrophysiological investigations. carvacrol 300 μm highly significantly inhibited contractions caused by 1, 3, 10, 30, an ...	2015	25944741
serological examination of fattening pigs reveals associations between ascaris suum, lung pathogens and technical performance parameters.	diagnosing the presence of the highly prevalent and economically important pig parasite ascaris suum on fattening farms has so far been challenging. currently, only the number of livers affected at slaughter is routinely used to measure parasite exposure. however, recently, a new serological test was developed based on the detection of antibodies to the a. suum haemoglobin molecule. the test showed to be highly sensitive for the detection of exposure to a. suum in fattening pigs. in this study w ...	2015	25952722
the influence of endoparasites on selected production parameters in pigs in various housing systems.	the aim of the study was to determine the level of lean meat content and daily gains of 400 fatteners infected by endoparasites and kept in two systems (shallow and deep litter). slaughter evaluation of the pigs was conducted according to the europ carcass classification. in order to evaluate the average daily gains (g) during finishing period, body weights were investigated twice: at the beginning and at the end of the finishing period. the housing system affected the presence of ascaris suum a ...	2015	25956635
parasites of pigs in two farms with poor husbandry practices in bishoftu, ethiopia.	a cross-sectional study was conducted from november 2011 to april 2012 on a total of 384 pigs from two privately owned intensive farms in bishoftu, ethiopia. the objectives of the study were to identify and determine the prevalence of common parasites of pigs. for the determination of gastrointestinal (git) parasites, faecal samples were collected from the study animals and subjected to standard parasitological examination techniques. physical examination was conducted for the presence of skin p ...	2015	26017194
ukulactone c, a new nadh-fumarate reductase inhibitor produced by talaromyces sp. fki-6713.	screening for nadh-fumarate reductase inhibitors led to the isolation of a new ukulactone analog, ukulactone c, as a major polyene compound produced by talaromyces sp. fki-6713. the structure of the compound was elucidated as a reduced analog of ukulactone a by 1d- and 2d-nmr experiments. ukulactone c possessed a potent inhibitory activity (ic(50) = 62 nm) against nadh-fumarate reductase of the roundworm ascaris suum in vitro.	2015	26018502
preparation of a polyclonal antibody that recognizes a unique galactoseβ1-4fucose disaccharide epitope.	galactoseβ1-4fucose (galβ1-4fuc) is a unique disaccharide unit that has been found only in the n-glycans of protostomia. we demonstrated that this unit has a role as an endogenous ligand for caenorhabditis elegans galectins. this unit is also recognized by fungal and mammalian galectins possibly as a non-self glycomarker. in order to clarify its biological function, we made a polyclonal antibody using (galβ1-4fuc)n-bsa as the antigen, which was prepared by crosslinking galβ1-4fuc-o-(ch2)2-sh and ...	2015	26025207
effect of different n7 substitution of dinucleotide cap analogs on the hydrolytic susceptibility towards scavenger decapping enzymes (dcps).	scavenger decapping enzymes (dcps) are involved in eukaryotic mrna degradation process. they catalyze the cleavage of residual cap structure m(7)gpppn and/or short capped oligonucleotides resulting from exosom-mediated the 3' to 5' digestion. for the specific cap recognition and efficient degradation by dcps, the positive charge at n7 position of guanine moiety is required. here we examine the role the n7 substitution within the cap structure on the interactions with dcps (human, caenorhabditis ...	2015	26049109
molecular cloning and characterization of arginine kinase gene of toxocara canis.	toxocara canis is an important gastrointestinal nematode of dogs and also a causative agent of visceral larva migrans in humans. arginine kinase (ak) gene is one of the important biomolecule of phosphagen kinase of t. canis which is emerging as an exciting novel diagnostic target in toxocarosis. the present study was carried out to clone and characterize ak gene of t. canis for future utilization as a diagnostic molecule. total rna was extracted from intact adult worms and reverse transcription ...	2015	26064002
serum antibody responses in pigs trickle-infected with ascaris and trichuris: heritabilities and associations with parasitological findings.	a humoral immune response following helminth infection in pigs is well documented. however, it has been difficult to confirm the existence of antibody mediated resistance against the large roundworm, ascaris suum, and whipworm, trichuris suis, in experimental settings by correlating worm burdens or egg excretion with specific antibody levels. we set out to investigate the association between worm load and t. suis and a. suum specific serum antibody levels (igg1, igg2 and iga) against excretory-s ...	2015	26095952
rna interference in adult ascaris suum--an opportunity for the development of a functional genomics platform that supports organism-, tissue- and cell-based biology in a nematode parasite.	the sustainable control of animal parasitic nematodes requires the development of efficient functional genomics platforms to facilitate target validation and enhance anthelmintic discovery. unfortunately, the utility of rna interference (rnai) for the validation of novel drug targets in nematode parasites remains problematic. ascaris suum is an important veterinary parasite and a zoonotic pathogen. here we show that adult a. suum is rnai competent, and highlight the induction, spread and consist ...	2015	26149642
mass spectrometry of single gabaergic somatic motorneurons identifies a novel inhibitory peptide, as-nlp-22, in the nematode ascaris suum.	neuromodulators have become an increasingly important component of functional circuits, dramatically changing the properties of both neurons and synapses to affect behavior. to explore the role of neuropeptides in ascaris suum behavior, we devised an improved method for cleanly dissecting single motorneuronal cell bodies from the many other cell processes and hypodermal tissue in the ventral nerve cord. we determined their peptide content using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of ...	2015	26174364
structural insights into the molecular design of flutolanil derivatives targeted for fumarate respiration of parasite mitochondria.	recent studies on the respiratory chain of ascaris suum showed that the mitochondrial nadh-fumarate reductase system composed of complex i, rhodoquinone and complex ii plays an important role in the anaerobic energy metabolism of adult a. suum. the system is the major pathway of energy metabolism for adaptation to a hypoxic environment not only in parasitic organisms, but also in some types of human cancer cells. thus, enzymes of the pathway are potential targets for chemotherapy. we found that ...	2015	26198225
ascaris suum in pigs of the zona da mata, minas gerais state, brazil.	among the parasites that affect pigs, ascaris suum stands out for causing the greatest losses to livestock production systems. this parasite can be monitored during the slaughter of animals through the identification of "milk spots" or white patches on the liver caused by its larval migration. however, infection in the herd is usually subclinical, which is why the presence of this parasite in industrial pig production has been overlooked. the aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the occurr ...	2015	26291146
innate immunological function of th2 cells in vivo.	type 2 helper t cells (th2 cells) produce interleukin 13 (il-13) when stimulated by papain or house dust mite extract (hdm) and induce eosinophilic inflammation. this innate response is dependent on il-33 but not t cell antigen receptors (tcrs). while type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ilc2 cells) are the dominant innate producers of il-13 in naive mice, we found here that helminth-infected mice had more th2 cells compared to uninfected mice, and thes e cells became major mediators of innate type 2 r ...	2015	26322482
risk factors for prevalence of pig parasitoses in mbeya region, tanzania.	a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine risk factors for prevalence of common endo- and ectoparasites of pigs kept by smallholder farmers in mbozi and mbeya (rural) districts of mbeya region, in tanzania. a total of 482 pigs from 220 households of 16 villages, eight in each district were randomly selected and examined. prevalence of taenia solium cysticercosis was 11.5%, gastrointestinal nematodes 63.7% and ectoparasites 21.2% based on ag-elisa, mcmaster technique and full body sear ...	2015	26324243
a novel genus in the order picornavirales detected in human stool.	recently, four new viruses belonging to an unassigned family within the order picornavirales were identified in excrements of healthy carp (fisavirus) and pigs (posavirus 1, 2 and 3). we report the detection and characterization of a fifth virus present in human faeces. the virus, named human stool-associated rna virus (husavirus), contains a single orf encoding a putative 2993 aa polyprotein, with a hel-pro-pol replication block, typical for the picornavirales. phylogenetic analysis revealed th ...	2015	26354795
effect of post-treatment conditions on the inactivation of helminth eggs (ascaris suum) after the composting process.	safe and appropriate disposal of human waste is a basic requirement for sanitation and protection of public health. for proper sanitation and nutrient recovery, it is necessary to ensure effective treatment methods to complete pathogen destruction in excreta prior to reuse. composting toilets convert faeces to a reusable resource such as fertilizer or humus for organic agriculture. a composting toilet for rural burkina faso was created by modifying a commercial model available in japan to improv ...	2016	26370295
investigations of selected pathogens among village pigs in central papua, indonesia.	village pig husbandry is an important part of livestock production in papua province, eastern indonesia. however, high level of disease and mortality constrains production. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the selected pathogens in village pigs in the jayawijaya region of papua province, indonesia. two studies were conducted: study 1 determined the prevalence of selected pathogens in dead or moribund pigs sent to the main local market for sale. study 2 recorded the prev ...	2016	26381546
a survey for potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites of dogs and pigs in cambodia.	there is little information available on parasites of zoonotic significance in cambodia. in 2011, in an effort to obtain data on potentially zoonotic gastrointestinal parasites in domestic animals, 50 dogs and 30 pigs residing in 38 households located in ang svay check village, takeo province, cambodia were examined for parasites from faecal samples. the samples were processed using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (fect). hookworms were the most common zoonotic parasite found ...	2015	26408577
anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and a- and b-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (cinnamomum verum).	cinnamon (cinnamomum verum) has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, but effects on parasitic worms of the intestine have not been investigated. here, extracts of cinnamon bark were shown to have potent in vitro anthelmintic properties against the swine nematode ascaris suum. analysis of the extract revealed high concentrations of proanthocyanidins (pac) and trans-cinnamaldehyde (ca). the pac were subjected to thiolysis and hplc-ms analysis which demonstrated that t ...	2015	26420588
human ascariasis: diagnostics update.	soil-transmitted helminths (sths) infect over one billion people worldwide. ascariasis may mimic a number of conditions, and individual clinical diagnosis often requires a thorough work-up. kato-katz thick smears are the standard detection method for ascaris and, despite low sensitivity, are often used for mapping and monitoring and evaluation of national control programmes. although increased sampling (number of stools) and diagnostic (number of examinations per stool) efforts can improve sensi ...	2017	26550552
[a case strongly suspected of being pulmonary toxocariasis showing multiple pulmonary nodules with a disappearing and reappearing halo sign].	we report herein on a case strongly suspected of being pulmonary toxocariasis. a 22-year-old indonesian man referred to our hospital presented with abnormal chest shadows upon medical examination. he had no symptoms. he did not have any pets nor did he eat raw beef or chicken. hematological examination revealed eosinophilia and elevation of ige. chest computed tomography revealed 3 pulmonary nodules with the halo sign. we suspected a parasite infection and performed antiparasite antibody testing ...	2015	26552124
bioinformatic identification of cytochrome b5 homologues from the parasitic nematode ascaris suum and the free-living nematode caenorhabditis elegans highlights the crucial role of a. suum adult-specific secretory cytochrome b₅ in parasitic adaptation.	we previously reported that adult ascaris suum possesses nadh-metmyoglobin and nadh-methaemoglobin reductase systems that are located in the cells of the body wall and in the extracellular perienteric fluid, respectively, which helps them adapt to environmental hypoxia by recovering the differential functions of myoglobin and haemoglobin. a. suum cytochrome b5, an adult-specific secretory protein and an essential component of the nadh-metmyo (haemo) globin reductase system, has been extensively ...	2016	26571414
transcriptome analysis of stress tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema.	entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus steinernema are effective biological control agents. the infective stage of these parasites can withstand environmental stresses such as desiccation and heat, but the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in this tolerance are poorly understood. we used 454 pyrosequencing to analyse transcriptome expression in steinernema spp. that differ in their tolerance to stress. we compared these species, following heat and desiccation treatments, with thei ...	2016	26598027
presynaptic and postsynaptic regulation of muscle contractions in the ascarid nematode ascaris suum: a target for drug action.	the aim of this study was to determine the role in contractions of postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine (nach) and γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptors, in the bag region of ascaris suum muscle cells, as well as the role of synaptic receptors between interneurons and motor neurons in the dorsal and ventral nerve cord. we have measured the isometric contractions of isolated segments of a. suum, with or without the nerve cord (dorsal or ventral). contractions were caused by increasing concentratio ...	2016	26610818
incidence of ascaris suum-specific antibodies in austrian patients with suspected larva migrans visceralis (vlm) syndrome.	the pig roundworm, ascaris suum, is commonly found in domestic pigs all over the world. the transmission to humans takes place by ingestion of infective a. suum eggs present in soil because pig manure is widely used as fertilizer. the possible role of a. suum in the human visceral larva migrans (vlm) syndrome has been discussed controversially during past decades, even though various case reports, particularly from japan document pulmonal, hepatic and even cerebral symptoms caused by migrating a ...	2016	26637313
rendering the intractable more tractable: tools from caenorhabditis elegans ripe for import into parasitic nematodes.	recent and rapid advances in genetic and molecular tools have brought spectacular tractability to caenorhabditis elegans, a model that was initially prized because of its simple design and ease of imaging. c. elegans has long been a powerful model in biomedical research, and tools such as rnai and the crispr/cas9 system allow facile knockdown of genes and genome editing, respectively. these developments have created an additional opportunity to tackle one of the most debilitating burdens on glob ...	2015	26644478
sanitising black water by auto-thermal aerobic digestion (atad) combined with ammonia treatment.	the effect of a two-step process on the concentration of pathogens and indicator microorganisms in black water (0.9-1% total solids) was studied. the treatment combined auto-thermal aerobic digestion (atad) and ammonia sanitisation. first, the temperature of the black water was increased through atad and when a targeted temperature was reached (33, 41 and 45.5 °c studied), urea was added to a 0.5% concentration (total ammonia nitrogen >2.9 g l⁻¹). escherichia coli and salmonella spp. were reduce ...	2015	26675998
galloylated proanthocyanidins from shea (vitellaria paradoxa) meal have potent anthelmintic activity against ascaris suum.	proanthocyanidins (pa) from shea (vitellaria paradoxa) meal were investigated by thiolytic degradation with benzyl mercaptan and the reaction products were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. these pa were galloylated (≈40%), contained only b-type linkages and had a high proportion of prodelphinidins (>70%). the mean degree of polymerisation was 8 (i.e. average molecular size was 2384da) and epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) was the major flavan-3-ol subunit in pa ...	2016	26708339
the pcome of ascaris suum as a model system for intestinal nematodes: identification of phosphorylcholine-substituted proteins and first characterization of the pc-epitope structures.	in multicellular parasites (e.g., nematodes and protozoa), proteins and glycolipids have been found to be decorated with phosphorylcholine (pc). pc can provoke various effects on immune cells leading to an immunomodulation of the host's immune system. this immunomodulation allows long-term persistence but also prevents severe pathology due to downregulation of cellular immune responses. pc-containing antigens have been found to interfere with key proliferative signaling pathways in b and t cells ...	2016	26728072
determining geographical variations in ascaris suum isolated from different regions in northwest china through sequences of three mitochondrial genes.	the sequence diversities in three mitochondrial dna (mtdna) regions, namely portions of nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (pnad1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (pcox1), and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 4 (pnad4), were investigated in all ascaris suum samples isolated from four regions in northwestern china. those genes were amplified by pcr method and the lengths of pnad1, pcox1, and pnad4 were 419 bp, 711 bp, and 723 bp, respectively. the intraspecific sequence variations within a. suum samples were ...	2017	26730765
expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits from parasitic nematodes in caenorhabditis elegans.	the levamisole-sensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor present at nematode neuromuscular junctions is composed of multiple different subunits, with the exact composition varying between species. we tested the ability of two well-conserved nicotinic receptor subunits, unc-38 and unc-29, from haemonchus contortus and ascaris suum to rescue the levamisole-resistance and locomotion defects of caenorhabditis elegans strains with null deletion mutations in the unc-38 and unc-29 genes. the parasite ...	2015	26747395
unexpected variation in neuroanatomy among diverse nematode species.	nematodes are considered excellent models for understanding fundamental aspects of neuron function. however, nematodes are less frequently used as models for examining the evolution of nervous systems. while the habitats and behaviors of nematodes are diverse, the neuroanatomy of nematodes is often considered highly conserved. a small number of nematode species greatly influences our understanding of nematode neurobiology. the free-living species caenorhabditis elegans and, to a lesser extent, t ...	2015	26778973
standardization of a method for the detection of helminth eggs and larvae in lettuce.	despite reports that food-borne parasitic infections have been increasing worldwide, the methodologies employed to detect food contamination by helminths are still largely based on methodologies used to detect these pathogens in feces and water. this study sought to improve the diagnosis of parasitic contaminants in lettuce by standardizing a method for detecting helminth eggs and larvae and estimating their percentage of recovery. sanitized lettuces were artificially contaminated with different ...	2016	26786833
aberrant ascaris suum nematode infection in cattle, missouri, usa.		2016	26812585
multiple exposures to ascaris suum induce tissue injury and mixed th2/th17 immune response in mice.	ascaris spp. infection affects 800 million people worldwide, and half of the world population is currently at risk of infection. recurrent reinfection in humans is mostly due to the simplicity of the parasite life cycle, but the impact of multiple exposures to the biology of the infection and the consequences to the host's homeostasis are poorly understood. in this context, single and multiple exposures in mice were performed in order to characterize the parasitological, histopathological, tissu ...	2016	26814713
[current trend of drug development for neglected tropical diseases (ntds)].	ebola hemorrhagic fever, a typical emerging infectious disease, began in december 2013 in the southern part of guinea, and killed more than 11000 people by the end of june, 2015. in addition to emerging/re-emerging diseases and the 3 major infectious diseases i.e. hiv/aids, tuberculosis and malaria, neglected tropical diseases (ntds) have recently become important tropical diseases of the poor. it is remarkable that japan succeeded in the eradication of malaria and other tropical diseases, which ...	2016	26831795
environmental contamination and transmission of ascaris suum in danish organic pig farms.	although ascaris suum is the most common pig nematode, the on-farm transmission dynamics are not well described.	2016	26860206
ascaris lumbricoides, ascaris suum, or "ascaris lumbrisuum"?		2016	26908753
ascaris lumbricoides or ascaris suum: what's in a name?		2016	26908754
anthelmintic activity of chicory (cichorium intybus): in vitro effects on swine nematodes and relationship to sesquiterpene lactone composition.	chicory is a perennial crop that has been investigated as a forage source for outdoor-reared ruminants and pigs, and has been reported to have anthelmintic properties. here, we investigated in vitro anthelmintic effects of forage chicory-extracts against the highly prevalent swine parasites ascaris suum and oesophagostomum dentatum. methanol extracts were prepared and purified from two different cultivars of chicory (spadona and puna ii). marked differences were observed between the anthelmintic ...	2016	26935644
effects of disinfectants on larval development of ascaris suum eggs.	the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of several different commercial disinfectants on the embryogenic development of ascaris suum eggs. a 1-ml aliquot of each disinfectant was mixed with approximately 40,000 decorticated or intact a. suum eggs in sterile tubes. after each treatment time (at 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 min), disinfectants were washed away, and egg suspensions were incubated at 25˚c in distilled water for development of larvae inside. at 3 weeks of incubation afte ...	2016	26951988
community rates of igg4 antibodies to ascaris haemoglobin reflect changes in community egg loads following mass drug administration.	conventional diagnostic methods for human ascariasis are based on the detection of ascaris lumbricoides eggs in stool samples. however, studies of ascariasis in pigs have shown that the prevalence and the number of eggs detected in the stool do not correlate well with exposure of the herd to the parasite. on the other hand, an elisa test measuring antibodies to ascaris suum haemoglobin (ashb) has been shown to be useful for estimating transmission intensity on pig farms. in this study, we furthe ...	2016	26991326
sensitivity and efficiency of selected coproscopical methods-sedimentation, combined zinc sulfate sedimentation-flotation, and mcmaster method.	coproscopical methods used in veterinary-parasitological diagnostics were validated according to their sensitivity (se) and egg recovery rate [efficiency (ef)]. validation of the combined sedimentation-flotation method and the modified mcmaster method was performed by using feces spiked with eggs of ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, cooperia oncophora, cyathostomins, ascaris suum, toxascaris leonina, toxocara canis, trichuris vulpis, moniezia expansa, and anoplocephala perfoliata. for ...	2016	26997342
compartmentalization of functions and predicted mirna regulation among contiguous regions of the nematode intestine.	the intestine of parasitic nematodes has proven an important target for therapies aimed at prevention and treatment of diseases caused by these pathogens in humans, animals and plants. we have developed a unique research model with the intestine of ascaris suum, the large round worm of swine and humans, that will enhance biological research on this tissue. to expand utility of this model, we quantitatively compared expression of 15,382 coding rnas and 277 noncoding, micro rnas (mirnas) among 3 c ...	2016	27002534
the ascaris suum nicotinic receptor, acr-16, as a drug target: four novel negative allosteric modulators from virtual screening.	soil-transmitted helminth infections in humans and livestock cause significant debility, reduced productivity and economic losses globally. there are a limited number of effective anthelmintic drugs available for treating helminths infections, and their frequent use has led to the development of resistance in many parasite species. there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic drugs for treating these parasites. we have chosen the acr-16 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of ascaris suum (asu-acr- ...	2016	27054065
proanthocyanidins inhibit ascaris suum glutathione-s-transferase activity and increase susceptibility of larvae to levamisole in vitro.	proanthocyanidins (pac) are a class of plant secondary metabolites commonly found in the diet that have shown potential to control gastrointestinal nematode infections. the anti-parasitic mechanism(s) of pac remain obscure, however the protein-binding properties of pac suggest that disturbance of key enzyme functions may be a potential mode of action. glutathione-s-transferases (gsts) are essential for parasite detoxification and have been investigated as drug and vaccine targets. here, we show ...	2016	27094225
genomes of parasitic nematodes (meloidogyne hapla, meloidogyne incognita, ascaris suum and brugia malayi) have a reduced complement of small rna interference pathway genes: knockdown can reduce host infectivity of m. incognita.	the discovery of rna interference (rnai) as an endogenous mechanism of gene regulation in a range of eukaryotes has resulted in its extensive use as a tool for functional genomic studies. it is important to study the mechanisms which underlie this phenomenon in different organisms, and in particular to understand details of the effectors that modulate its effectiveness. the aim of this study was to identify and compare genomic sequences encoding genes involved in the rnai pathway of four parasit ...	2016	27126863
similarity of a 16.5kda tegumental protein of the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini to nematode cytoplasmic motility protein.	opisthorchis viverrini is the causative agent of human opisthorchiasis in thailand and long lasting infection with the parasite has been correlated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma. in this work we have molecularly characterized the first member of a protein family carrying two dm9 repeats in this parasite (ovdm9-1). interpro and other protein family databases describe the dm9 repeat as a protein domain of unknown function that has been first noted in drosophila melanogaster. two paral ...	2016	27140280
seroepidemiology of human toxocara and ascaris infections in the netherlands.	toxocara canis, toxocara cati and ascaris suum are worldwide-distributed zoonotic roundworms of dogs, cats and pigs, respectively. the epidemiology of these parasites in developed countries is largely unclear. two countrywide cross-sectional serosurveys were therefore conducted in the netherlands in 1995/1996 and 2006/2007 to investigate the prevalence, trends and risk factors for human toxocara and ascaris infections in the general population. the netherlands is characterized by high pig produc ...	2016	27234034
pharmacological profile of ascaris suum acr-16, a new homomeric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor widely distributed in ascaris tissues.	control of nematode parasite infections relies largely on anthelmintic drugs, several of which act on nicotinic ach receptors (nachrs), and there are concerns about the development of resistance. there is an urgent need for development of new compounds to overcome resistance and novel anthelmintic drug targets. we describe the functional expression and pharmacological characterization of a homomeric nachr, acr-16, from a nematode parasite.	2016	27238203
anthelmintic properties of traditional african and caribbean medicinal plants: identification of extracts with potent activity against ascaris suum in vitro.	ascariasis affects more than 1 billion people worldwide, mainly in developing countries, causing substantial morbidity. current treatments for ascaris infection are based on mass drug administration (mda) with synthetic anthelmintic drugs such as albendazole, however continual re-infection and the threat of drug resistance mean that complementary treatment options would be highly valuable. here, we screened ethanolic extracts from 29 medicinal plants used in africa (ghana) and the caribbean (us ...	2016	27301442
demodex phylloides infection in swine reared in a peri-urban family farm located on the outskirts of the metropolitan region of são paulo, brazil.	this paper reports the occurrence of porcine demodicosis caused by the mite demodex phylloides in hogs reared in a peri-urban family farm located in francisco morato, a municipality of the metropolitan region of são paulo, capital city of the state of são paulo, brazil. in a parcel of forty landrace - large white cross hogs, approximately four months old, four animals presented severe skin lesions in the form of small nodules over their entire body, especially in the periocular region, snout, lo ...	2016	27341742
evaluating the efficacy of a centrifugation-flotation method for extracting ascaris ova from soil.	soil transmitted helminths (sth) continue to be associated with high burdens of disease, with an estimated 1.45 billion people infected with sth globally. the promotion and construction of latrines is considered the first barrier to prevent transmission of sth. the absence of a reliable method to extract sth ova from soil makes it challenging to examine whether the use of latrines may or may not have an effect on environmental contamination with ova. the present study evaluated the recovery rate ...	2016	27496514
differential chromosomal localization of centromeric histone cenp-a contributes to nematode programmed dna elimination.	the stability of the genome is paramount to organisms. however, diverse eukaryotes carry out programmed dna elimination in which portions or entire chromsomes are lost in early development or during sex determination. during early development of the parasitic nematode, ascaris suum, 13% of the genome is eliminated. how different genomic segments are reproducibly retained or discarded is unknown. here, we show that centromeric histone cenp-a localization plays a key role in this process. we show ...	2016	27545882
optimal elisa antigen for the diagnosis of ascaris suum infection in humans.	ascarid nematodes, ascaris suum, toxocara canis and toxocara cati, are the most important causative species of larva migrans syndrome (lms) in humans. although the diagnosis of ascarid lms is generally based on serological tests, specific serological tests for a. suum infection have not been fully developed. in the present study, the sensitivity and specificity of three a. suum antigen preparations, i.e., the somatic adult worm antigen (as-swap), larval excretory-secretory (es) antigens derived ...	2016	27604123
occurrence, clinical involvement and zoonotic potential of endoparasites infecting swiss pigs.	in order to estimate the diversity, clinical involvement and zoonotic potential of parasites in pigs submitted for diagnosis to the pathopig project of the swiss federal food safety and veterinary office, faeces (n=125) from suckling piglets (n=39), weaners (n=60) and piglets beginning fattening (n=26) from 74 swiss farms were examined by 3 coproscopical methods (i.e. sedimentation/zinc chloride-flotation; safc and ziehl-neelsen staining). samples microscopically positive for cryptosporidium wer ...	2016	27639842
characterisation of a new, highly effective method for detecting nematode eggs (ascaris spp., toxocara spp., trichuris spp.) in sewage sludge containing flocculants.	because traditional methods used for sewage sludge parasitological examinations have low sensitivity, a new, highly effective method (own method - om) was devised. the principle of this method is to eliminate the flocculent effect on the structure of sewage sludge by mechanically damaging floccules in the presence of surfactants and to increase the effectiveness of egg isolation processes in large volumes of liquids. the objective of this study was to estimate the effectiveness of the om in dete ...	2016	27688120
löffler syndrome on a louisiana pig farm.	löffler syndrome, a fulminant eosinophilic pneumonitis associated with the larval migratory phase of human parasites, is rarely reported in the united states. a previously healthy 8-year-old male was hospitalized with tachypnea, cough, hypoxemia, and fever of one week's duration. history revealed exposure to pigs on his family's farm in southernmost louisiana, where the patient was responsible for cleaning the farm's pigpens. his fingernails were soiled and extremely short, with the edge of the ...	2016	27709064
microfluidic platform for electrophysiological recordings from host-stage hookworm and ascaris suum larvae: a new tool for anthelmintic research.	the screening of candidate compounds and natural products for anthelmintic activity is important for discovering new drugs against human and animal parasites. we previously validated in caenorhabditis elegans a microfluidic device ('chip') that records non-invasively the tiny electrophysiological signals generated by rhythmic contraction (pumping) of the worm's pharynx. these electropharyngeograms (epgs) are recorded simultaneously from multiple worms per chip, providing a medium-throughput read ...	2016	27751868
effect of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic conditions on viability of helminth ova (ascaris suum) in sanitization of municipal sludge.	the present work aimed at evaluating the effect of four different mixtures of diverse volatile fatty acids (vfas) on the viability of helminth ova (ascaris suum), under mesophilic (35°c) anaerobic conditions and at different incubation times, in order to reproduce the process of two-phase anaerobic digestion. the mixtures of vfas contained acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, and isovaleric acids, used at concentrations normally found in acidogenic anaerobic digesters. the four treatments all sh ...	2016	27784197
prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal parasites in small-scale pig enterprises in central and eastern uganda.	in eastern africa, small-scale pig keeping has emerged as a popular activity to generate additional household income. infections of pigs with gastrointestinal helminths can limit production output, increase production costs, and pose zoonotic risks. a cross-sectional, community-based study in three districts in eastern and central uganda examined the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes and associated risk factors in 932 randomly sampled pigs. using the combined sedimentation-flotation meth ...	2017	27785599
transferring luminex® cytokine assays to a wall-less plate technology: validation and comparison study with plasma and cell culture supernatants.	luminex® technology provides a powerful methodology for multiplex cytokine detection but remains constrained by high costs and a minimum of 25-50μl sample volume requirement per assay-well often hindering analysis of limited biological samples. here we compare the results of luminex-based cytokine multiplexing assay performed using conventional 96-well microtiter plates and a particular 96-well wall-less plate based on droparray® technology ("da-bead"). the application of the da-bead plate allow ...	2017	27840065
a phosphorylcholine-containing glycolipid-like antigen present on the surface of infective stage larvae of ascaris spp. is a major antibody target in infected pigs and humans.	the pig parasite ascaris suum plays and important role in veterinary medicine and represents a suitable model for a. lumbricoides, which infects over 800 million people. in pigs, continued exposure to ascaris induces immunity at the level of the gut, protecting the host against migrating larvae. the objective of this study was to identify and characterize parasite antigens targeted by this local immune response that may be crucial for parasite invasion and establishment and to evaluate their pro ...	2016	27906979
the cholinomimetic morantel as an open channel blocker of the ascaris suum acr-16 nachr.	nematode parasite infections pose a significant threat in human and veterinary medicine. at least a third of the world's population is at risk from nematode parasite infections. these infections not only cause health problems, but also cause loss of livestock production and hence, economic losses. anthelmintic drugs are the mainstay by which control of nematode parasite infections is achieved. many of the currently available anthelmintics act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). howeve ...	2016	27995347
transcriptional immune response in mesenteric lymph nodes in pigs with different levels of resistance to ascaris suum.	a single nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 4 (snp txnip) has been reported to be associated with roundworm (ascaris suum) burden in pigs. the objective of the present study was to analyse the immune response to a. suum mounted by pigs with genotype aa (n = 24) and ab (n = 23) at the txnip locus. the pigs were repeatedly infected with a. suum from eight weeks of age until necropsy eight weeks later. an uninfected control group (aa; n = 5 and ab; n = 5) was also included. at post mortem, we co ...	2017	28030356
(s)-5-ethynyl-anabasine, a novel compound, is a more potent agonist than other nicotine alkaloids on the nematode asu-acr-16 receptor.	nematode parasites infect ∼2 billion people world-wide. infections are treated and prevented by anthelmintic drugs, some of which act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic agents because of concerns about the development of resistance. we have selected asu-acr-16 from a significant nematode parasite genus, ascaris suum, as a pharmaceutical target and nicotine as our basic moiety (ec50 6.21 ± 0.56 μm, imax 82.39 ± 2.52%) to facilitate the deve ...	2017	28033523
two opposite dose-dependent effects of diazinon on the motor activity of the rat ileum.	acute poisoning with ops may lead to a range of neurological effects, which cannot be explained by ache inhibition alone. several ops interact directly with cholinergic receptors in mammals, but such data does not exist for invertebrates. the aim of current study was to investigate the direct and indirect effects of diazinon on the contractions of rat ileum and to compare those effects on the nervemuscle preparation of the ascaris suum. in the presence of increasing concentrations of diazinon (3 ...	2017	28107667
rational design of reversible inhibitors for trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatases.	in some organisms, environmental stress triggers trehalose biosynthesis that is catalyzed collectively by trehalose 6-phosphate synthase, and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (t6pp). t6pp catalyzes the hydrolysis of trehalose 6-phosphate (t6p) to trehalose and inorganic phosphate and is a promising target for the development of antibacterial, antifungal and antihelminthic therapeutics. herein, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of a library of aryl d-glucopyranoside 6-sulfates to se ...	2017	28192710
direct experimental manipulation of intestinal cells in ascaris suum, with minor influences on the global transcriptome.	ascaris suum provides a powerful model for studying parasitic nematodes, including individual tissues such as the intestine, an established target for anthelmintic treatments. here, we add a valuable experimental component to our existing functional, proteomic, transcriptomic and phylogenomic studies of the ascaris suum intestine, by developing a method to manipulate intestinal cell functions via direct delivery of experimental treatments (in this case, double-stranded (ds)rna) to the apical int ...	2017	28223178
effect of fenbendazole in water on pigs infected with ascaris suum in finishing pigs under field conditions.	the husbandry of pigs for meat production is a constantly developing industry. most studies on the effects of ascaris suum infection in pigs and its prevention with anthelmintics are over a decade old. we examined the effect of 2.5mg fenbendazole per kg bodyweight administered in drinking water for two consecutive days on a. suum infection 1 and 6 weeks after pigs arrived to fattening units. we hypothesised that the treatment would reduce the presence of a. suum-infections, improve the average d ...	2017	28285891
an in vitro larval migration assay for assessing anthelmintic activity of different drug classes against ascaris suum.	in vitro methods have been developed for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in a range of nematode species. however, the life cycle of ascaris suum renders the commonly used egg hatch assay and larval development assay unusable. in this study we developed a combined multi-well culture and agar gel larval migration assay to test the effect of benzimidazole and tetrahydropyrimidin/imidazothiazole anthelmintics against nine isolates of a. suum collected from locations in china and denmark. dr ...	2017	28342672
detecting and enumerating soil-transmitted helminth eggs in soil: new method development and results from field testing in kenya and bangladesh.	globally, about 1.5 billion people are infected with at least one species of soil-transmitted helminth (sth). soil is a critical environmental reservoir of sth, yet there is no standard method for detecting sth eggs in soil. we developed a field method for enumerating sth eggs in soil and tested the method in bangladesh and kenya. the us environmental protection agency (epa) method for enumerating ascaris eggs in biosolids was modified through a series of recovery efficiency experiments; we seed ...	2017	28379956
high molecular weight components containing n-linked oligosaccharides of ascaris suum extract inhibit the dendritic cells activation through dc-sign and mr.	helminths, as well as their secretory/excretory products, induce a tolerogenic immune microenvironment. high molecular weight components (pi) from ascaris suum extract down-modulate the immune response against ovalbumin (ova). the pi exerts direct effect on dendritic cells (dcs) independent of tlr 2, 4 and myd88 molecule and, thus, decreases the t lymphocytes response. here, we studied the glycoconjugates in pi and the role of c-type lectin receptors (clrs), dc-sign and mr, in the modulation of ...	2017	28402840
characterization of a novel aspartyl protease inhibitor from haemonchus contortus.	aspartyl protease inhibitor (api) was thought to protect intestinal parasitic nematodes from their hostile proteolytic environment. studies on ostertagia ostertagi, ascaris suum and brugia malayi indicated that aspins might play roles in nematode infection. in a recent study, proteins differentially expressed between free-living third-stage larvae (l3) and activated l3 (xl3) of haemonchus contortus were identified by 2d-dige. api was found downregulated in xl3 when compared with l3. however, the ...	2017	28420411
molecular characterization and transcriptional analysis of the female-enriched chondroitin proteoglycan 2 of toxocara canis.	toxocara canis is an important but neglected zoonotic parasite, and is the causative agent of human toxocariasis. chondroitin proteoglycans are biological macromolecules, widely distributed in extracellular matrices, with a great diversity of functions in mammals. however, there is limited information regarding chondroitin proteoglycans in nematode parasites. in the present study, a female-enriched chondroitin proteoglycan 2 gene of t. canis (tc-cpg-2) was cloned and characterized. quantitative ...	2017	28434412
viability assessment of ascaris suum eggs stained with fluorescent dyes using digital colorimetric analysis.	the aim of the study was to develop a method for the colorimetric evaluation of nematode eggs using appropriate instruments. the materials for the study were live and dead (inactivated) eggs of the ascaris suum. viability of the eggs was assessed using four different kits for fluorescent staining (for each technique, a series of photos were taken). images of stained eggs were analysed using graphic software with rgb (red-green-blue) function. the viability of the eggs was assessed according to t ...	2017	28479276
analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ascaris suum and ascaris lumbricoides derived from free range tibetan pigs.	ascaris suum (a. suum) is the most commonly occurring worldwide internal parasite of pigs; however, little is known about this organism in tibetan pigs in china. a study was carried to isolate and identify the characteristics of internal transcribed spacer region (its) gene of a. suum derived from tibetan pigs. adult nematodes were collected from tibetan pigs in 2015-2016. total genomic dna of the extracted parasites was performed and a fragment of the its of mitochondrial (mt) gene was amplifie ...	2017	28531364
a modified assay for the enumeration of ascaris eggs in fresh raw sewage.	soil-transmitted helminths (sths) pose a significant public health problem, infecting approximately 2 billion people globally. despite relatively low prevalence in developed countries, the removal of sths from wastewater remains crucial to allow the safe use of biosolids or recycled water for agriculture. wastewater helminth egg count data can contribute to an assessment of the need for, or success of, a parasite management program. although the world health organisation (who) has recommended a ...	2017	28560181
pathogen-reactive t helper cell analysis in the pig.	there is growing interest in studying host-pathogen interactions in human-relevant large animal models such as the pig. despite the progress in developing immunological reagents for porcine t cell research, there is an urgent need to directly assess pathogen-specific t cells-an extremely rare population of cells, but of upmost importance in orchestrating the host immune response to a given pathogen. here, we established that the activation marker cd154 (cd40l), known from human and mouse studies ...	2017	28567041
an in vivo genetic screen for genes involved in spliced leader trans-splicing indicates a crucial role for continuous de novo spliced leader rnp assembly.	spliced leader (sl) trans-splicing is a critical element of gene expression in a number of eukaryotic groups. this process is arguably best understood in nematodes, where biochemical and molecular studies in caenorhabditis elegans and ascaris suum have identified key steps and factors involved. despite this, the precise details of sl trans-splicing have yet to be elucidated. in part, this is because the systematic identification of the molecules involved has not previously been possible due to t ...	2017	28582530
effects of in vivo and in vitro treatment of ascaris suum eggs with anthelmintic agents on embryonation and infectivity for mice.	ascaris suum is an important intestinal nematode causing economic losses in the swine production industry. anthelminthic treatment is used to control a. suum infections and is part of normal production practices. treatment with anthelminthic agents results in expulsion of adult worms from the intestinal tract and ends further contamination of the environment with eggs. the present study was conducted to determine the effects of drug treatment on the embryonation of a. suum eggs collected from wo ...	2017	28590167
prevalence of gastro intestinal parasites in pigs in punjab, india.	gastrointestinal parasites are a common problem in pigs in india. the important risk factors include coprophagic behaviour of pigs and their free access to garbage. to investigate the gastrohelmenthic spectrum in pigs of punjab, we examined 265 faecal samples from farm (n = 47) and scavenging pigs (n = 218) using faecal floatation method. ascaris suum, unsporulated oocysts, trichuris spp. and strongyloides were recorded in 27.5, 15.4, 1.8 and 4.5 % of the pig faecal samples, respectively. overal ...	2017	28615864
dietary cinnamaldehyde enhances acquisition of specific antibodies following helminth infection in pigs.	dietary phytonutrients such as cinnamaldehyde (ca) may contribute to immune function during pathogen infections, and ca has been reported to have positive effects on gut health when used as feed additive for livestock. here, we investigated whether ca could enhance antibody production and specific immune responses during infection with an enteric pathogen. we examined the effect of dietary ca on plasma antibody levels in parasite-naïve pigs, and subsequently acquisition of humoral immune respons ...	2017	28669386
ascaris suum infection modulates inflammation: implication of cd4(+) cd25(high) foxp3(+) t cells and il-10.	helminth infections have the ability to modulate host's immune response through mechanisms that allow the chronic persistence of the worms in the host. here, we investigated the mechanisms involved on the suppressive effect of ascaris suum infection using a murine experimental model of lps-induced inflammation. we found that infection with a. suum markedly inhibited leucocyte influx induced by lps into air pouches, suppressed secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1β, tnf-α and il-6) and in ...	2017	28703913
yeast-expressed recombinant as16 protects mice against ascaris suum infection through induction of a th2-skewed immune response.	ascariasis remains the most common helminth infection in humans. as an alternative or complementary approach to global deworming, a pan-anthelminthic vaccine is under development targeting ascaris, hookworm, and trichuris infections. as16 and as14 have previously been described as two genetically related proteins from ascaris suum that induced protective immunity in mice when formulated with cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) as an adjuvant, but the exact protective mechanism was not well understood.	2017	28708895
treatment of larva migrans syndrome with long-term administration of albendazole.	larva migrans syndrome is a food-borne parasitic disease in humans, caused by accidental ingestion of eggs or larvae of ascarid nematodes, namely, toxocara canis, toxocara cati, or ascaris suum, the roundworms commonly found in the intestines of dogs, cats and pigs respectively. when a patient is diagnosed as having larva migrans syndrome, oral-administration of albendazole is recommended, however, the regimen remains controversial worldwide. in japan, the duration of albendazole administration ...	2017	28754237
tlr 7/8 ligand, s28463, suppresses ascaris suum induced allergic asthma in nonhuman primates.	s28463, a ligand for toll like receptor 7/8, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in rodent models of allergic asthma. the principle goal of this study was to assess whether these anti-inflammatory effects can also be observed in a nonhuman primate (nhp) model of allergic asthma. nhps were sensitized then challenged with natural allergen, ascaris suum extract, then treated with s28463 orally prior to each allergen challenge. the protective effect of s28463 in nhps was assessed by ...	2017	28850259
etiology of acute respiratory disease in fattening pigs in finland.	the objective of our study was to clinically and etiologically investigate acute outbreaks of respiratory disease in finland. our study also aimed to evaluate the clinical use of various methods in diagnosing respiratory infections under field conditions and to describe the antimicrobial resistance profile of the main bacterial pathogen(s) found during the study.	2017	28852568