Publications

flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	seventy-seven patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and suspected of having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) had flexible bronchoscopy. the diagnosis was established in 52 of the 54 patients (96%) who proved to have pcp. there was one false-positive result. the remaining 22 patients and the patient with the false-positive diagnosis had diseases other than pcp, or no diagnosis. flexible bronchoscopy is a safe and sensitive diagnostic procedure in patients with pcp complicat ...	1986	3490699
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating intermittent cushing's syndrome.		1986	3490721
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as cavitating and noncavitating solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	among 150 cases of microscopically proved pneumocystis carinii pneumonia secondary to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) seen by our pulmonary service from january 1982 to january 1986, p. carinii presented roentgenographically as a solitary pulmonary nodule in 2 patients (1.3%). it was the sole cause of the nodules as determined by clinical and roentgenographic response to specific drug therapy, examination of specimens obtained at fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and examination of lung spe ...	1986	3490810
persistence of trophozoites after successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1986	3490813
disseminated coccidioidomycosis in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	disseminated coccidioidomycosis is a recognized but infrequent accompaniment of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). a patient with aids, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and disseminated coccidioidomycosis occurring outside of an endemic area is described. fungal infection presented atypically with progressive thoracic adenopathy and the development of cold soft tissue abscesses. as is often the case with aids, serologic testing proved to be unreliable and tissue biopsy the only means ...	1986	3490949
adverse reactions associated with pentamidine isethionate in aids patients: recommendations for monitoring therapy.	since pentamidine has become commercially available, there is renewed interest in using it as the initial treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients. we reviewed the use of pentamidine in 24 patients with pcp to gain information on the prevalence and severity of adverse effects from this drug. twenty out of twenty-four patients (83 percent) experienced some kind of adverse effect. hepatic abnormalities (58 percent), nausea and vomiting (46 percent), hypoglycemia (33 perc ...	1986	3490958
morphology, development and behavior of pneumocystis carinii observed by light-microscopy in nude mice.	the present paper describes the morphology, development and behavior of pneumocystis carinii, especially of the trophozoites in the alveoli of conventionally raised balb/c nude mice, by using phase-contrast microscopy, paraffin sections and semiultrathin sections embedded in jb-4 plastic. under phase-contrast microscopy, trophozoites were ameboid in external appearance and 2 to 8 micron in diameter. usually they have one or more lucid spherical vacuoles and one less lucid nucleus in the cytoplas ...	1986	3491475
demonstration and determination of dna in pneumocystis carinii by fluorescence microscopy with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi).	we have attempted to demonstrate dna and to measure the amount of nuclear dna in pneumocystis carinii by fluorescence microscopy with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi). due to the high specificity of dapi for dna, only nuclei and mitochondria were stained. an uninucleate trophozoite and a mature cyst containing eight intracystic bodies were distinguished easily each other after staining with dapi. the total amount of nuclear dna of eight intracystic bodies in a cyst was approximately eight t ...	1986	3491476
lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia in patients at risk for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	three patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia are reported. all patients presented with progressive dyspnea, nonproductive cough, fever, anorexia, weight loss, and arterial hypoxemia. chest roentgenograms exhibited bilateral diffuse reticular-nodular densities. the diagnosis of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia was made by fiberoptic bronchoscopy or open lung biopsy. two patients were treated with corticosteroid ...	1987	3491742
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ga-67 citrate imaging.	all gallium-67 citrate scans obtained in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at the clinical center, national institutes of health (bethesda, md.) were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with the results of bronchoscopy, chest radiography, and endoscopy. there were 164 scans of 95 patients. twenty scans were from patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; 19 were abnormal, for a sensitivity of 95%. ga-67 uptake tended to be less in patients receiving therapy for p. ca ...	1987	3492009
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. review of 53 cases.	between 1976 and 1983, 53 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were documented at the mayo clinic. underlying diseases included leukemia in 15 patients, lymphoma in nine, nonhematologic malignancies in five, acquired immune deficiency syndrome in two, an various inflammatory diseases treated by corticosteroids in 16 patients. cytotoxic drugs with corticosteroids were used in 68 percent of patients, whereas 23 percent received corticosteroids alone. clinical features consisted of progressive d ...	1987	3492144
an improved method of isolating pneumocystis carinii from infected rat lungs.	a new method of isolating pneumocystis carinii from infected lungs of cortisonized rats is described. clumping of parasites and host lung material was diminished by suspension of macerated pneumocystis-laden rat lung in a modified calcium, magnesium-free hanks' balanced salts solution at physiologic ph and osmolality, containing the wetting agent g-acid. after washing, this material was suspended in a second buffer system for digestion. the digestion step was done in the same buffer but with the ...	1986	3492599
pneumocystis carinii in human lungs at autopsy.	to get some information about the prevalence of pneumocystis carinii in the danish population we have examined autopsy lung biopsies from patients at 2 large hospitals in copenhagen, righospitalet (rh) and finseninstituttet (f), in a 5-year period from 1979 to 1984. imprints made from the biopsies were stained with the toluidine blue o method and examined microscopically for pneumocysts. a total of 1762 patients were examined and pneumocysts found in 83 (4.7%); at rh 54 (4.9%) of 1106 patients a ...	1986	3492758
cutaneous pneumocystosis.	a 42-year-old man with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) presented with a 9-month history of progressive hearing loss and bilateral external auditory canal masses. biopsy of the right ear mass detected pneumocystis carinii. the patient was treated with a 7-day course of intravenous trimethoprim, followed by a 3-week course of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with a marked reduction in the size of his ear masses. this is the first reported case of skin involvement by p. carinii in ...	1987	3492951
otic infection due to pneumocystis carinii in an apparently healthy man with antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus.		1987	3492952
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3492953
role of bronchial brushings in aids with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	we evaluated the efficacy of bronchial brushings in detecting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. bronchial brushings were performed on 20 occasions in 15 patients. nine of the 20 bronchial brushings were performed through an endotracheal tube without using a bronchoscope. twelve of the 20 were positive for pneumocystis carinii and 8 were negative. the initial diagnostic yield was 84%, the overall sensitivity 86%, and the predictive value of a negative test was 75%. these ...	1986	3493014
high-dose corticosteroids as adjunct therapy in severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	three patients with severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, not responding to specific therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, were treated with a 24-hour course of high-dose methylprednisolone. rapid improvements in the clinical status and the chest x-rays were detected. in two of the patients, in whom lung biopsy was performed before initiation of corticosteroids, an intense interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate was seen. in the one patient who had ...	1986	3493015
roentgenographic patterns of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 104 patients with aids.	we reviewed the initial and follow-up chest roentgenograms (cxr) of 104 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) diagnosed between 1981 and 1985 in order to determine the relative frequencies of its various roentgenographic patterns. although a diffuse bilateral interstitial infiltrate is most common, it was concluded that unusual and atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pcp occur in aids. these include localized infiltrate, cys ...	1987	3493117
endobronchial pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	we report a case of endobronchial pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient who most likely had the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). although many unusual manifestations of pneumocystis pneumonia have been reported in patients with aids, this is the first case of p carinii presenting as an endobronchial mass.	1987	3493122
disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii, a frequent cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, rarely disseminates to involve other organs. this report describes a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia in whom extrapulmonary p. carinii infection was diagnosed on duodenal and esophageal endoscopic biopsy specimens. autopsy revealed dissemination to multiple organs.	1987	3493199
phospholipid profile of pneumocystis carinii and its interaction with alveolar type ii epithelial cells.	pneumocystis carinii is an obligate parasite of mammalian lungs, attaching to but not invading the alveolar epithelium. the alveolar air spaces are rich in phospholipids, which are secreted by steroid-responsive alveolar type ii epithelial cells. p. carinii isolated from rat lungs was found to contain the expected structural phospholipids as well as a large amount of firmly attached disaturated phosphatidylcholine, the characteristic phospholipid of alveolar surfactant. in vitro, p. carinii cell ...	1987	3493222
[aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1986	3493366
prognostic indicators in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and respiratory infection.	the records of 63 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and respiratory infection comprising 78 hospitalizations over a 36-month period were reviewed to ascertain the etiology of the respiratory infection and to identify the factors influencing short-term survival. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was diagnosed on 56 occasions in 46 patients. fifty percent of patients with pcp died with respiratory failure; of these, all but 1 were diagnosed using fiber-optic bronchoscopy. ...	1986	3493511
drug treatment of pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii.		1987	3493548
pneumocystis carinii. taxonomy as viewed by electron microscopy.	pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic unicellular organism that can cause serious pulmonary infection in immunosuppressed patients. the taxonomy and classification of p. carinii has not yet been settled. the authors present transmission and scanning electron microscopic (tem and sem) observations of tissue from two patients with pulmonary pneumocystis infections. the infectious organisms display marked variability in shape and size. they appear to divide by binary fission and lack motility or ...	1987	3493682
unusual remission of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	pneumocystis carinii is a well-recognized cause of pneumonia in patients with immune deficiency, and when untreated, mortality approaches 100 percent. although rare cases suggesting spontaneous recovery (usually accompanied by resolving immune deficiency) have been reported, spontaneous resolution of p. carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has not been described. a patient with aids in whom pneumocystis pneumonia developed and remitted without appropr ...	1987	3493693
serological study of pneumocystis carinii infection in the absence of immunosuppression.	serum samples from 145 children with no known immunosuppressive illness were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for antibody to pneumocystis carinii. positive antibody titres (greater than or equal to 1:8 dilution) were found in 69 children (48%). antibody could not be detected in the remaining children. previous studies have shown that at least 75% of children have antibodies to p. carinii by the age of 4 years. this study shows a lower percentage of children with detectable antibody. this ...	1987	3493735
evidence for destruction of lung tissues during pneumocystis carinii infection.	five cases of pneumocystis carinii infection with evidence of lung tissue destruction that occurred in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were reviewed. none of the patients had a history of cigarette smoking, but all five had either cavitarylike lesions in the lungs or had pneumothorax at the time of presentation to the hospital. all patients had p carinii identified in specimens obtained either from bronchial washings or from open-lung biopsy. in four of the five patients, no ...	1987	3493747
defect in production of b cell differentiation factor-like activity by mononuclear cells from a boy with hypogammaglobulinemia.	the case history of a boy who presented at 6 mo of age with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is described. hypogammaglobulinemia was detected. his t lymphocytes and b lymphocytes proliferated with mitogens but no immunoglobulin was secreted secondary to polyclonal stimulation with pokeweed mitogen. his peripheral blood mononuclear cells secreted interleukin 2 and b cell growth factor (bcgf) but failed to secrete detectable levels of b cell differentiation factor (bcdf). studies of his b lymphocyte ...	1987	3494068
pneumocystis carinii choroiditis in a male homosexual with aids and disseminated pulmonary and extrapulmonary p. carinii infection.		1987	3494199
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids].		1987	3494202
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in johannesburg.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is today an opportunistic infection of major importance, occurring in immunosuppressed patients. twelve cases of p. carinii pneumonia were seen by the pulmonology unit in johannesburg between november 1984 and december 1985. the clinical presentation, laboratory and radiographic features, method of diagnosis, treatment, complications of therapy and outcome of these 12 cases are described.	1987	3494316
[aids in a child with a lav/htlv-iii infected mother].	the clinical course of aids in a child of a htlv iii virus infected drug addicted mother is reported. aged 7 month the baby died from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the clinical course prior to the final lethal infection was remarkably uneventful. immunological controls revealed strikingly high immunoglobulin values, whereas only minor changes of cellular immunity were observed. at birth the baby had htlv iii antibodies as her mother, which dropped during the course of the disease to borderline ...	1986	3494349
successful treatment with aerosolized pentamidine of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats.	we examined both the therapeutic efficacy and tissue distribution of aerosolized pentamidine in immunosuppressed rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in rats immunosuppressed by 5 weeks of pretreatment with dexamethasone, a 2-week course of 5 mg of aerosolized pentamidine per kg per day, administered free or encapsulated in the drug carrier system (liposomes), eradicated p. carinii pneumonia in 75% of treated animals. at this dose, extrapulmonary drug uptake as measured by a sensitive high- ...	1987	3494424
comparison of histologic and quantitative techniques in evaluation of therapy for experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was induced in rats by the administration of corticosteroids, and histologic and quantitative techniques were compared in the evaluation of the severity of the disease and response to therapy. a highly significant correlation was found between the histologic score of the extent of alveolar involvement (the standard method of assessment) and the number of p. carinii cysts and nuclei in lung homogenates, lung weight, and lung weight/body weight ratio. clear differenc ...	1987	3494426
disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in aids.		1987	3494947
pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, eosinophilia and hypogammaglobulinemia.		1987	3494981
freeze-fracture studies on pneumocystis carinii. ii. fine structure of the trophozoite.	ultrastructure of the trophozoite of pneumocystis carinii was studied by the freeze-fracture technique. nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuoles and small round bodies were observed. the mean number of nuclear pores was 8 per micron 2, which is small compared with that reported for other human pathogenic protozoa. in general, the density of nuclear pores is considered to be related to the metabolic activity of the nucleus. this resul ...	1987	3494990
atypical distribution of pneumocystis carinii infiltrates during radiation therapy.	bilateral peripheral pulmonary infiltrates caused by pneumocystis carinii developed in a patient undergoing mediastinal irradiation after chemotherapy for hodgkin disease. the paramediastinal part of the lung included within the treatment port remained clear during the 2 1/2 weeks of radiation therapy. the distribution of the pneumocystis infiltrates was altered by the radiation, producing a pattern that is the "radiographic negative" of typical post-radiation therapy paramediastinal fibrosis.	1987	3495020
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3495178
[pneumocystis carinii in male drug addicts: morphologic study of the parasite].	this work describes the first case of acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome (aids) to be found in sardinia. the patient was an adult male drug-addict who died following a respiratory inadequacy due to bronchial pneumonia resulting from pneumocystis carinii (pcp). for diagnostic purposes the emphasis is laid on the importance of morphological research into the parasite, considering the lack of specific evidence regarding serological investigation. therefore, the various techniques of coloration are ...	1986	3495279
experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the ferret.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was provoked in the ferret, mustela pulorius furo, by immunosuppression with daily long-term administration of cortisone acetate, 10-20 mg/kg subcutaneously for 9 to 10 weeks, microscopically p. carinii was observed in the lungs of all 11 treated animals: mild to moderate in five and extensive disease in six. the histopathological features of pcp in the ferret included interstitial pneumonitis, scant mononuclear cell alveolitis, with abundant cysts and tropho ...	1987	3495285
freeze-fracture localization of filipin-sterol complexes in plasma- and cyto-membranes of pneumocystis carinii.	the polyene antibiotic, filipin, was used as the probe for demonstrating sterols in the freeze-fractured plasma- and cytomembranes of pneumocystis carinii. the distribution of filipin-sterol complexes was homogeneous on the plasma membrane throughout all developmental stages from trophozoite to cyst; however, the density of the complexes gradually decreased with the progress of development. in the trophozoite, the density of the complexes was 485 +/- 42/micron2 on the p face and 341 +/- 27/micro ...	1987	3495660
intralymphatic interleukin-2 treatment of a hemophiliac aids patient with defective interleukin-2 production.	to improve immune functions in an interleukin-2 (il-2) deficient hemophiliac aids patient suffering from severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, treatment with il-2 was started in addition to standard antimicrobial therapy. highly purified il-2 was administered subcutaneously and then repeatedly intralymphatically in a manner similar to pedal lymphography. no toxicity was observed. the patient temporarily improved clinically as well as with regard to immunological functions. particularly the in v ...	1987	3495696
successful intermittent chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.	we conducted a prospective, randomized clinical trial over a two-year period in patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia to assess the effectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole given on three consecutive days each week as compared with daily in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. p. carinii pneumonitis did not develop in any of 92 patients receiving the drug daily (30,602 patient-days) or in any of 74 who received it three consecutive days a week (27,329 patient-days), where ...	1987	3495732
deterioration of kidney function by high doses of co-trimoxazole in man.	high doses of co-trimoxazole in a patient with pneumocystis carinii and impaired kidney function (creatinine clearance 10 ml/min) resulted in a declining renal clearance of the drug but did not affect the average creatinine clearance. the renal clearance of sulfamethoxazole and its metabolites 5-hydroxy-, n4-acetyl-, n4-acetyl-5-hydroxysulfamethoxazole decreased 80%, while the renal clearance of trimethoprim decreased 60%. the renal clearance of all compounds was evidently dependent on urine flo ...	1987	3495779
[inhalation pneumonia presenting as a pneumocystis infection].	a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. following presentation a chronic alveolitis was uncovered, which was due to ultimately repeated and prolonged inhalation of sweets containing gum arabic. the diagnosis was confirmed by a trans-bronchial biopsy and by chemical analysis of centrifugation of the alveolar lavage deposit. after cessation of the inhalation the progress was satisfactory both in terms of clinical status and lung function measurement.	1987	3495833
a critical review of the use of open lung biopsy in the management of the oncologic patient with acute pulmonary infiltrates.	in a retrospective review, 28 open lung biopsies from 27 oncology patients with acute pulmonary infiltrates were evaluated. the operative complication rate was 28%, and the operative mortality 4%. infection caused 57% of the infiltrates (16 cases); 87% of the infections were secondary to either pneumocystis carinii or a viral infection. two patients had bacterial pneumonia. sixteen of these cases survived (37%). all but one survivor had pneumocystis carinii. a nonspecific pneumonitis either with ...	1987	3496003
patterns of gallium-67 scintigraphy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the aids related complex.	thirty-two patients with aids related complex (arc) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) underwent 67ga scans as part of their evaluation. three patterns of 67ga biodistribution were found: lymph node uptake alone; diffuse pulmonary uptake; normal scan. gallium-67 scans were useful in identifying clinically occult pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in seven of 15 patients with arc who were asymptomatic and had normal chest radiographs. gallium scans are a useful ancillary procedure in the ev ...	1987	3496431
gallium-67 scans of the chest in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	eighty-six [67ga]citrate chest scans were performed in 71 adult patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. forty-five of these patients also had kaposi's sarcoma. only 29 of 57 abnormal scans were correlated with abnormal chest radiographs. chest radiographs were negative for 27 scans and unavailable for one. several scan patterns were seen. diffusely increased lung uptake was seen most commonly with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but also other infections and noninfectious inflammat ...	1987	3496432
efficacy and complications of transthoracic needle biopsy of lung in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and aids.	transthoracic needle biopsy of lung was performed under fluoroscopic guidance in 16 patients with aids or suspected aids for diagnosing 18 episodes of possible p carinii infection. diagnostic information was obtained in 15 of 18 cases. p carinii (10) and other infections agents (5) were diagnosed by tnb. the complications were pneumothorax in 44% (17% requiring chest tube drainage) and minor hemoptysis in 11%. our incidence of pneumothorax following tnb in patients with diseases other than aids ...	1987	3496467
pneumocystis carinii infections in patients with aids.		1987	3496651
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3496671
nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis in patients with aids: radiologic features.	chest radiographic abnormalities in patients with aids usually are associated with opportunistic infection or neoplasm. one hundred five patients with aids and clinical evidence of pneumonitis had chest radiographs and underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, or open-lung biopsy. chest radiographs were abnormal in 73 (70%). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was identified at bronchoscopy or open-lung biopsy in 52 (50%). nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis occurrin ...	1987	3496748
radiographic resolution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in response to corticosteroid therapy.	systemic corticosteroid therapy alone was administered to a patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. substantial clinical improvement and almost complete chest radiographic resolution of parenchymal infiltrates occurred. because spontaneous resolution of p. carinii pneumonia is not known to occur, corticosteroid therapy most likely was responsible for the favorable response. given the high mortality associated with p. carinii infection i ...	1987	3496819
[intracerebral calcification in a patient with late-onset congenital rubella].	a fourteen-week-old boy is described who was admitted with failure to thrive and an interstitial pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii infection. a late onset congenital rubella infection was diagnosed in combination with an immunodeficiency. the congenital rubella infection induced a chronic meningoencephalitis. further investigations revealed intracerebral calcifications on computerized tomography of the skull. the clinical symptoms of early and late onset congenital rubella syndrome are de ...	1987	3497469
[severe pneumopathy caused by pneumocystis carinii in chickenpox in a immunosuppressed adult].		1987	3497599
[bronchoscopic detection of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1987	3498114
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia--changing status.		1987	3498350
inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a pilot study.	study objective: to evaluate inhaled or reduced-dose intravenous pentamidine for the treatment of patients with mild pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. design: open, nonrandomized pilot study; measurement of pentamidine concentrations in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. patients: of 22 men with mild p. carinii pneumonia (po2 greater than or equal to 55 mm hg), 15 (9 in the inhaled group and 6 in the intravenous group) received treatment for their first episode and 7 for a repeat episode. in ...	1987	3498418
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia therapy with 9-deazainosine in rats.	an inosine analog, 9-deazainosine, has previously been demonstrated to inhibit pneumocystis carinii in culture with wi-38 cells. the present study shows that it is also effective against pneumocystis carinii in immunosuppressed sprague-dawley rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. after 8 wk of immunosuppression, rats that developed severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were treated with either 9-deazainosine or served as controls. after 15 days of therapy, animals were sacrificed and severit ...	1987	3498606
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.	the antimicrobial combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is active in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. clinically, it is useful for treatment and prophylaxis of various infections of the genitourinary tract and certain infections of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by itself or in combination with other antimicrobial agents is indicated for most nocardia asteroides infections. it is the antimicrobial agent of ...	1987	3498863
prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients receiving azidothymidine.		1987	3498898
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in a hemophiliac with transfusion-acquired aids.		1987	3498988
torsade de pointes during administration of pentamidine isethionate.	pentamidine isethionate is a diamidine compound used in the treatment of a number of parasitic diseases, notably pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. although cases of sudden death have been reported during the administration of pentamidine, there have been no reported cases in the literature of pentamidine-associated arrhythmias. reported in this study are two cases of torsade de pointes occurring during the prolonged administration of pentamidine. in addition, electrocardiographic changes of marked ...	1987	3499072
pentamidine aerosol in prophylaxis and treatment of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the efficacy and tolerance of pentamidine aerosol were evaluated in the prophylaxis and therapy of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. p. carinii pneumonia was induced in rats by corticosteroid immunosuppression. pentamidine was administered three times weekly via a bird micronebulizer. the actual amount of pentamidine inhaled was estimated by monitoring the ventilation of the rats during the aerosol administration. pentamidine levels in blood, lung, liver and kidney samples were determined b ...	1987	3499116
hypoxemia with normal chest roentgenogram due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. diagnostic errors due to low suspicion of aids.	three patients encountered in a single month had insidious development of atypical respiratory or systemic symptoms and were found to be hypoxemic. all had normal chest roentgenograms and were perplexing problems in diagnosis. on initial presentation, none had evidence of pulmonary infection or recognized clinical or social features that suggested acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). all received corticosteroids for respiratory distress before the correct diagnosis was made, and all died r ...	1987	3499294
prognostic factors and life expectancy of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	to assess determinants of prognosis for 43 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, objective clinical and histopathologic characteristics were analyzed for acute and long-term prognostic significance. severe abnormalities on initial chest radiographs and alveolar-arterial oxygen differences (aapo2) greater than 30 mm hg were associated with higher mortality during the period of treatment for the acute episode (p less than 0.05). decreased l ...	1987	3499836
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infection. diagnosis and therapy].		1987	3500030
aids in louisiana. unusual pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an aids patient.		1987	3500272
survival with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. experience with 5833 cases in new york city.	in a cohort of 5833 subjects in whom the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) was diagnosed in new york city before 1986, the cumulative probability of survival (mean +/- se) was 48.8 +/- 0.7 percent at one year and 15.2 +/- 1.8 percent at five years. the group with the most favorable survival rate--white homosexual men 30 to 34 years old who presented with kaposi's sarcoma only--had a one-year cumulative probability of survival of 80.5 percent; that group was used as the reference group in ...	1987	3500409
scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron imaging to identify pneumocystis carinii.		1987	3500413
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pneumocystosis)].	in former times pneumocystis carinii (pc) primarily affected premature infants. more recently, it has proved to be one of the major infectious complications among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with aids. the most frequent radiographic feature is diffuse, bilateral alveolar and interstitial perihilar shadowing, spreading in a butterfly pattern. the typical findings may mimic other infectious diseases, but the presence of large pleural effusions of hilar adenopathy is evidence aga ...	1987	3500484
[contribution of chest radiology to the diagnosis of hiv virus infection].	after revising literature concerning pneumocystis carinii pneumoniae (pcp), the authors undertook a close examination of the immunological system of the hivab-positive patients that suffered opportunistic pneumopathy from pcp. hundred-forty-three cases of hivab-positive (mean age of 29), prevalently heroin drug-users, were studied. there were 13 aids, 26 arc, 91 las cases and 13 patients with only ab positivity for hiv. four hundred chest radiographs were examined without previous knowledge of c ...	1987	3500488
clinical features of 100 human immunodeficiency virus antibody-positive individuals from an alternate test site.	we evaluated 100 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) antibody-positive persons from the only alternate test site in los angeles. thirty-five subjects complained of systemic symptoms suggestive of hiv infection and 65 were completely asymptomatic. irrespective of symptoms, the group as a whole demonstrated clinical and laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency. eighty had generalized lymphadenopathy, 16 onychomycosis, six oral candidiasis, and two biopsy-proved kaposi's sarcoma. seventy-seven were a ...	1987	3500685
diagnosis of lung disease in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: biopsy or cytology and implications for management.	one hundred and twenty consecutive bronchoscopic examinations were carried out on 80 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) between january 1982 and december 1986. ninety one paired biopsy and cytology specimens from 72 of these patients were analysed. there was no significant difference between biopsy and cytology in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (0.95 greater than p greater than 0.1). in 10 cases p carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by biopsy but not cytology and in ...	1987	3500967
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following 5-fluorouracil administration.	a 54-year-old man who had been treated with monthly courses of 5-fluorouracil for one year developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. no evidence of significant, permanent, immunologic impairment was evident one year after the patient became infected. an infection associated with 5-fluorouracil treatment is implicated.	1987	3501015
diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in children with aids.	between october, 1985 and may 1987, 29 children (mean age 22 +/- 22 months, range 2-54 months) with aids or arc developed acute respiratory illness. the initial diagnostic procedure was flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy, with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). bal was positive for pneumocystis carinii in 14 and for respiratory syncytial virus, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli in 3 additional patients. subsequent lung tissue analysis and/or clinical course suggested no false negative lavages ...	1987	3501100
multiple pulmonary cavities--an unusual complication of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	cavitation is a most unusual radiological feature of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). autopsy evidence of cavities in pcp is poorly documented. we describe a case of fatal pcp occurring in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome; the pcp was associated with radiological as well as autopsy evidence of large intrapulmonary cavities. these cavities are ascribed to pneumocystis carinii infection, since other possible causes were excluded.	1987	3501169
high-performance liquid chromatographic method for measurement of pentamidine in plasma and its application in an immunosuppressed patient with renal dysfunction.	a rapid method for the quantitation of pentamidine in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography is described. pentamidine was extracted from plasma using a mixed solvent of 40% acetonitrile in chloroform. reversed-phase chromatography was then performed on a mu bondapak c-18 column, using a mobile phase of acetonitrile containing 0.1% h3po4 and 0.1% nacl (20:80) and the eluting peaks detected by their uv absorbance at 262 nm. the assay had a within-day coefficient of variation of less tha ...	1987	3501181
the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a report of the first case in malaysia.	the 1st case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in malaysia was detected in 1987, 1 year after the ministry of health established a national aids task force. the patient was a 45-year-old chinese man of malaysian origin who had been living overseas for the past 30 years. the patient denied any homosexual relationships, blood transfusions, of intravenous drug use; however, he reported multiple sexual partners 10 years prior to developing aids. at hospital admission, the patient was i ...	1987	3501533
the role of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of suspected opportunistic pneumonia.	we report 50 immunocompromised patients with pulmonary infiltrates who underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy, including bronchoalveolar lavage, on 56 occasions. the underlying diseases were mostly lymphoma, leukemia, other malignancies and renal failure. the commonest immunodeficiency factors were chemotherapy, steroids and neutropenia. a positive diagnosis could be made from analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage on 59% (33/56) occasions. this was a comparable yield to transbronchial lung biopsy 57 ...	1987	3501711
severe ventricular arrhythmia during pentamidine treatment of aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3501769
freeze-fracture studies on pneumocystis carinii. iii. fine structure of the precyst and the cyst.	the ultrastructure of the precyst and cyst of pneumocystis carinii was investigated by the freeze-fracture method. the most interesting point in this study is the alteration in the number of intramembranous particles (imps) of the plasma membrane during the formation of intracystic bodies. the imp density of delimiting membrane originating from the precyst plasma membrane, which later becomes the plasma membrane of the intracystic body, was low. in contrast, that of the plasma membrane of the in ...	1987	3501864
doses and side effects of co-trimoxazole in treatment of aids associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3502075
an autopsy-proved aids patient with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1987	3502135
pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	between 1983 and 1985, 71 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were evaluated. pulmonary manifestations were present in 42 patients (59%). pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was the most common pulmonary manifestation, present in 32 patients (45%). other pulmonary findings were cytomegalovirus pneumonia (one patient), candida pneumonia (one patient), cryptococcal pneumonia (one patient), bacterial pneumonia (three patients), nonspecific pneumonitis (three patients), kapo ...	1987	3502322
separation of trophozoites of pneumocystis carinii from lung of the inoculated nude rat.		1987	3502477
[pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii in aids].		1987	3502489
development and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis carinii.	hybridoma-producing monoclonal antibodies against pneumocystis carinii were produced by the fusion of nonsecreting mouse myeloma cells (p3x63-ag8.653) with splenocytes from balb/c mice that had been immunized with partially purified preparations of p. carinii. of 227 hybridoma clones producing antibodies against p. carinii, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 12 monoclonal antibodies showing the highest reactivity in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were further characteriz ...	1986	3510163
recurrent salmonella infection with a single strain in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. confirmation by plasmid fingerprinting.	five weeks before the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), a 38-yr-old homosexual man had symptomatic gastroenteritis that resolved without antibiotic treatment. his stool culture was positive for salmonella typhimurium at that time. the patient subsequently developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and received a 10-day course of intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. he developed salmonella bacteremia 4 months later. the salmonella isolates from the stool and blood were ...	1986	3510806
excess prevalence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients treated for lymphoma with combination chemotherapy.	a significantly greater prevalence of interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis occurred on one arm of a randomized study comparing promace-cytabom (prednisone, methotrexate with leucovorin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide; cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, methotrexate with leucovorin) to promace-mopp (promace, mechlorethamine, vincristine, prednisone, procarbazine) chemotherapy in patients with lymphoma. of the 37 patients receiving promace-cytabom, 13 ...	1986	3511821
[lung complications in aids].	a short description of epidemiologic and clinical facts correlated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is followed by a report on the manifestation of pulmonary infections mostly effected by pneumocystis carinii. two examples out of four cases will demonstrate the radiographic appearance of the pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and clinical data. only in rare cases does it seem possible to reduce the fatal outcome by early diagnosis.	1986	3513241
production of monoclonal antibody against pneumocystis carinii by using a hybrid of rat spleen and mouse myeloma cells.	it has been difficult to obtain pure pneumocystis carinii antigen either from cultures or from infected lungs for use in producing a specific antibody against p. carinii. this report describes an approach toward producing a monoclonal antibody that bypasses the antigen purification steps. p. carinii infection was developed in sprague-dawley rats by the method of immunosuppression with cortisone. the infected lungs were homogenized, and the homogenate was used to immunize sprague-dawley rats. rat ...	1986	3514660
serologic methods for the early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection in renal allograft recipients.	because of the nephrotoxic action of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in cyclosporine (csa)-treated patients, combined with the (csa)-treated patients, combined with the possibility of selecting resistant gram-negative or nocardia asteroides organisms, a monitoring tool to detect early pneumocystis carinii (pc) infection permitting a selective treatment approach is highly desirable. a review of 401 consecutive renal transplants revealed 26 cases (18 suspected and 8 histologically proved) o ...	1986	3515643
respiratory failure in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were studied to define the pathophysiology of their respiratory failure. the patients had fever, cough, dyspnea, hypoxemia, and diffuse infiltrates on chest x-ray. biopsies revealed a spectrum of alveolar filling, interstitial edema and infiltration, and fibrosis. the patients were studied on mechanical ventilation to assess the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (peep) and supplemental oxyge ...	1986	3516574
[clinical aspects and treatment of pneumocystis carinii infections].		1986	3518567
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. a prospective randomized trial.	forty patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and their first episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were assigned at random to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or pentamidine isethionate. the two groups did not differ significantly in the severity of pulmonary or systemic processes at enrollment. five patients treated initially with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and one patient treated initially with pentamidine died during the 21-day treatment period (p = 0. ...	1986	3521428
development of murine monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis carinii.	relatively little is known about the antigenic structure of pneumocystis carinii and the immunopathogenesis of pneumonitis caused by p. carinii. to begin to define the antigenic character of the surface of this organism, we have produced murine monoclonal antibodies that react with the surface of p. carinii (obtained from rats), as detected by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. immunoblot analysis revealed that the six antibodies described in this report bound an antigen with an a ...	1986	3522758