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hypermutation and unique mutational signatures of occupational cholangiocarcinoma in printing workers exposed to haloalkanes.cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively rare cancer, but its incidence is increasing worldwide. although several risk factors have been suggested, the etiology and pathogenesis of the majority of cholangiocarcinomas remain unclear. recently, a high incidence of early-onset cholangiocarcinoma was reported among the workers of a printing company in osaka, japan. these workers underwent high exposure to organic solvents, mainly haloalkanes such as 1,2-dichloropropane (1,2-dcp) and/or dichloromethane. we ...201627267998
structural flexibility of the periplasmic protein, flga, regulates flagellar p-ring assembly in salmonella enterica.a periplasmic flagellar chaperone protein, flga, is required for p-ring assembly in bacterial flagella of taxa such as salmonella enterica or escherichia coli. the mechanism of chaperone-mediated p-ring formation is poorly understood. here we present the open and closed crystal structures of flga from salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, grown under different crystallization conditions. an intramolecular disulfide cross-linked form of flga caused a dominant negative effect on motility of the ...201627273476
inherent variability of growth media impacts the ability of salmonella typhimurium to interact with host cells.efficient invasion of non-phagocytic cells, such as intestinal epithelial cells, by salmonella typhimurium is dependent on the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1)-encoded type three secretion system. the environmental cues involved in spi-1 induction are not well understood. in vitro, various conditions are used to induce spi-1 and the invasive phenotype. although lysogeny broth (lb) is widely used, multiple formulations exist, and variation can arise due to intrinsic differences in comple ...201627280414
salmonella mitigates oxidative stress and thrives in the inflamed gut by evading calprotectin-mediated manganese sequestration.neutrophils hinder bacterial growth by a variety of antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species and the secretion of proteins that sequester nutrients essential to microbes. a major player in this process is calprotectin, a host protein that exerts antimicrobial activity by chelating zinc and manganese. here we show that the intestinal pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium uses specialized metal transporters to evade calprotectin sequestration of mang ...201627281571
acidic ph sensing in the bacterial cytoplasm is required for salmonella virulence.ph regulates gene expression, biochemical activities and cellular behaviors. a mildly acidic ph activates the master virulence regulatory system phop/phoq in the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. the sensor phoq harbors an extracytoplasmic domain implicated in signal sensing, and a cytoplasmic domain controlling activation of the regulator phop. we now report that, surprisingly, a decrease in salmonella's own cytoplasmic ph induces transcription of phop- ...201627282333
microbiological, clinical and molecular findings of non-typhoidal salmonella bloodstream infections associated with malaria, oriental province, democratic republic of the congo.in sub-saharan africa, non-typhoidal salmonella (nts) can cause bloodstream infections, referred to as invasive non-typhoidal salmonella disease (ints disease); it can occur in outbreaks and is often preceded by malaria. data from central africa is limited.201627286886
contribution of silver nanoparticles to extend salmonella typhimurium growth under various respiration regimes.living cells interact with different forms of metal; the resulted biochemical alteration depends on the dose. over an average dose in ionic form, metals interact with respiration processes at various levels, and it induces oxidative stress by shifting the whole oxydoreduction equilibrium. to correct the toxicity, cell develops different ways to cancel the effect of the exceeded charges, and it reduces the ion to get a more stable form. in the case of nanoparticles, the reactivity of surface has ...201627287758
presence of animal feeding operations and community socioeconomic factors impact salmonellosis incidence rates: an ecological analysis using data from the foodborne diseases active surveillance network (foodnet), 2004-2010.nontyphoidal salmonella spp. are a leading cause of foodborne illness. risk factors for salmonellosis include the consumption of contaminated chicken, eggs, pork and beef. agricultural, environmental and socioeconomic factors also have been associated with rates of salmonella infection. however, to our knowledge, these factors have not been modeled together at the community-level to improve our understanding of whether rates of salmonellosis are variable across communities defined by differing f ...201627290657
transfer of pathogens from cantaloupe rind to preparation surfaces and edible tissue as a function of cutting method.whole and cut cantaloupes have been implicated as vehicles in foodborne illness outbreaks of norovirus, salmonellosis, and listeriosis. preparation methods that minimize pathogen transfer from external surfaces to the edible tissue are needed. two preparation methods were compared for the transfer of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2, murine norovirus, and tulane virus from inoculated cantaloupe rinds to edible tissue and preparation surfaces. for the first meth ...201627296423
heterologous expression of der homologs in an escherichia coli der mutant and their functional complementation.the unique escherichia coli gtpase der (double era-like gtpase), which contains tandemly repeated gtp-binding domains, has been shown to play an essential role in 50s ribosomal subunit biogenesis. the depletion of der results in the accumulation of precursors of 50s ribosomal subunits that are structurally unstable at low mg(2+) concentrations. der homologs are ubiquitously found in eubacteria. conversely, very few are conserved in eukaryotes, and none is conserved in archaea. in the present stu ...201627297882
intranasal immunization with a peptide conjugated to salmonella flagellin induces both systemic and mucosal peptide-specific antibody responses in mice.in this study, the mucosal adjuvant activity of salmonella flagellin as a carrier in a conjugate of exp153-rflic was investigated. exp153-rflic was made by conjugation of a synthetic b-cell epitope peptide derived from plasmodium falciparum exported protein-1(exp153) to recombinant phase 1 flagellin of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium expressed in escherichia coli (rflic), and used to immunize balb/c mice via intranasal instillation. it was found that robust exp153-specific serum igg anti ...201627301339
radiotherapy combined with an engineered salmonella typhimurium inhibits tumor growth in a mouse model of colon cancer.the engineered salmonella typhimurium δppgpp (s.t δppgpp) has been studied in terms of its ability to carry imaging probes (bacterial luciferase, lux) for tumor imaging or carry therapeutic molecules (cytolysin a) to kill cancer cells. to establish a novel cancer therapy, bacterial therapy was combined with radiotherapy using the attenuated strain s.t δppgpp/pbad-clya. radiotherapy (21gy) contributed to s. typhimurium colonization in a colon tumor (ct26) model of balb/c mice. the combination of ...201627301721
evaporation-induced stimulation of bacterial osmoregulation for electrical assessment of cell viability.bacteria cells use osmoregulatory proteins as emergency valves to respond to changes in the osmotic pressure of their external environment. the existence of these emergency valves has been known since the 1960s, but they have never been used as the basis of a viability assay to tell dead bacteria cells apart from live ones. in this paper, we show that osmoregulation provides a much faster, label-free assessment of cell viability compared with traditional approaches that rely on cell multiplicati ...201627303045
prevalence and antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from childhood diarrhea in beijing, china (2010-2014).diarrhea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children less than 5 years of age worldwide, and its causes vary by region. this study aimed to determine the etiologic spectrum, prevalent characteristics and antimicrobial resistance patterns of common enteropathogenic bacteria from diarrheagenic children in beijing, the capital of china.201627303446
a safety evaluation of a nature-identical l-ergothioneine in sprague dawley rats.l-(+) ergothioneine is a naturally occurring thiol amino acid with antioxidant properties and potential benefits as a dietary supplement. despite its century-old identification and wide distribution in human food, little is known of its mechanism of action and safety. the nature-identical biomimetic of l-(+) ergothioneine, produced by mironova labs and supplied as mironova (egt+), has been investigated in the present studies for its mutagenic and toxicologic potential. in a plate incorporation a ...201627306320
synthesis, base pairing and structure studies of geranylated rna.natural rnas utilize extensive chemical modifications to diversify their structures and functions. 2-thiouridine geranylation is a special hydrophobic trna modification that has been discovered very recently in several bacteria, such as escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa and salmonella typhimurium the geranylated residues are located in the first anticodon position of trnas specific for lysine, glutamine and glutamic acid. this big hydrophobic terpene functional gro ...201627307604
heatwaves differentially affect risk of salmonella serotypes.given increasing frequency of heatwaves and growing public health concerns associated with foodborne disease, we examined the relationship between heatwaves and salmonellosis in adelaide, australia.201627317378
electrochemical oxidation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics: mechanism, residual antibacterial activity and toxicity change.in this paper, we studied the electrochemical oxidation mechanisms of three typical fluoroquinolone antibiotics (fqs), and investigated residual antibacterial activity and toxicity changes after oxidation processes. electrochemistry coupled to mass spectrometry (ec-ms) was used to study the oxidation processes of ciprofloxacin (cip), norfloxacin (nor) and ofloxacin (ofl). eight oxidation products for each parent compound were identified and their chemical structures were elucidated. the transfor ...201627318447
effect of annealing temperature on antimicrobial and structural properties of bio-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using flower extract of anchusa italica.the use of nontoxic biological compounds in the synthesis of nanomaterials is an economic and eco-friendly approach. the present work was undertaken to develop zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) by a green method using simple precursor from the solution consisting of zinc acetate and the flower extract of anchusa italica (a. italica). effect of annealing temperature on structural and antimicrobial properties was investigated. the crystalline structure of zno-nps was shown using x-ray diffraction ...201627318600
antimelanoma effect of salmonella typhimurium integration host factor mutant in murine model.this study aimed to evaluate an attenuated salmonella ihfa-null mutant strain as therapeutic agent to control tumor growth.201627328776
lamp-3 (lysosome-associated membrane protein 3) promotes the intracellular proliferation of salmonella typhimurium.lysosomes are cellular organelles containing diverse classes of catabolic enzymes that are implicated in diverse cellular processes including phagocytosis, autophagy, lipid transport, and aging. lysosome-associated membrane proteins (lamp-1 and lamp-2) are major glycoproteins important for maintaining lysosomal integrity, ph, and catabolism. lamp-1 and lamp-2 are constitutively expressed in salmonella-infected cells and are recruited to salmonella-containing vacuoles (scvs) as well as salmonella ...201627329040
infection susceptibility in gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin b12)-defective mice is subject to maternal influences.mice harboring a mutation in the gene encoding gastric intrinsic factor (gif), a protein essential for the absorption of vitamin b12/cobalamin (cbl), have potential as a model to explore the role of vitamins in infection. the levels of cbl in the blood of gif(tm1a/tm1a) mutant mice were influenced by the maternal genotype, with offspring born to heterozygous (high cbl, f1) mothers exhibiting a significantly higher serum cbl level than those born to homozygous (low cbl, f2) equivalents. low cbl l ...201627329747
potential pitfalls associated with testing of enzyme preparations in the salmonella/microsome assay.the effect of a sample of food enzyme preparations on s9 activity was evaluated in bacterial mutation assays with the salmonella typhimurium strains ta98 and ta100 using benzo(a)pyrene, 2-aminoanthracene and 2-aminofluorene as model compounds. under the experimental conditions applied, aspergillus oryzae protease and porcine pancreas trypsin, applied at low non-toxic doses, proved to effectively inhibit the metabolic activation of benzo(a)pyrene by aroclor induced rat liver 9, while the activati ...201627330008
vaccination with bivalent dna vaccine of α1-giardin and cwp2 delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium reduces trophozoites and cysts in the feces of mice infected with giardia lamblia.giardia lamblia is one of the most common infectious protozoans in human that may cause diarrhea in travelers. searching for antigens that induced effectively protective immunity has become a key point in the development of vaccine against giardiasis.201627332547
effects of the food manufacturing chain on the viability and functionality of bifidobacterium animalis through simulated gastrointestinal conditions.the viability and functionality of probiotics may be influenced by industrial production processes resulting in a decrease in probiotic efficiency that benefit the health of humans. this study aimed to investigate the probiotic characteristics of bifidobacterium strains isolated from fecal samples of healthy thai infants. in the present work, three local strains (bf014, bf052, and bh053) belonging to bifidobacterium animalis showed a great resistance against conditions simulating the gastrointes ...201627333286
designing, construction and characterization of genetically encoded fret-based nanosensor for real time monitoring of lysine flux in living cells.engineering microorganisms in order to improve the metabolite flux needs a detailed knowledge of the concentrations and flux rates of metabolites and metabolic intermediates in vivo. fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret) based genetically encoded nanosensors represent a promising tool for measuring the metabolite levels and corresponding rate changes in live cells. here, we report the development of a series of fret based genetically encoded nanosensor for real time measurement of lysine ...201627334743
invasive infections with nontyphoidal salmonella in sub-saharan africa.invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) infections in africa cause an enormous burden of illness. these infections are often devastating, with mortality estimated at 20%, even with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. two major groups-young children and hiv-infected adults-suffer the great majority of these infections. in children, younger age itself, as well as malaria, malnutrition, and hiv infection, are prominent risk factors. in adults, hiv infection is by far the most important risk factor. t ...201627337467
an nk cell perforin response elicited via il-18 controls mucosal inflammation kinetics during salmonella gut infection.salmonella typhimurium (s.tm) is a common cause of self-limiting diarrhea. the mucosal inflammation is thought to arise from a standoff between the pathogen's virulence factors and the host's mucosal innate immune defenses, particularly the mucosal naip/nlrc4 inflammasome. however, it had remained unclear how this switches the gut from homeostasis to inflammation. this was studied using the streptomycin mouse model. s.tm infections in knockout mice, cytokine inhibition and -injection experiments ...201627341123
hydrosol of thymbra capitata is a highly efficient biocide against salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium biofilms.salmonella is recognized as one of the most significant enteric foodborne bacterial pathogens. in recent years, the resistance of pathogens to biocides and other environmental stresses, especially when they are embedded in biofilm structures, has led to the search for and development of novel antimicrobial strategies capable of displaying both high efficiency and safety. in this direction, the aims of the present work were to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hydrosol of the mediterranean s ...201627342550
is anaerobic digestion effective for the removal of organic micropollutants and biological activities from sewage sludge?the occurrence of emerging organic micropollutants (omps) in sewage sludge has been widely reported; nevertheless, their fate during sludge treatment remains unclear. the objective of this work was to study the fate of omps during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (ad), the most common processes used for sludge stabilization, by using raw sewage sludge without spiking omps. moreover, the results of analytical chemistry were complemented with biological assays in order to verify the ...201627344252
effects of minimal exposures to atmospheric pressure plasma on the activity of salmonella typhimurium: deactivation of bacterial motility and suppression of host-cell invasion.atmospheric pressure plasma (app) has been shown effective in sterilization by reducing the number of viable microbes during surface cleaning, food processing, or human tissue treatment. for safe conduct, the majority of previous research focused on complete abolition of microbes, which may require severe treatments. our aim is to investigate the minimal treatment conditions necessary for effective inactivation of bacteria in such a manner that the app treated bacteria would not be able to harm ...201627345896
genotoxicity testing of persicariae rhizoma (persicaria tinctoria h. gross) aqueous extracts.persicariae rhizoma (pr) has been used as an anti-inflammatory and detoxification agent in korea, and contains the biologically active dyes purple indirubin and blue indigo. despite synthetic indigo showing genotoxic potential, thorough studies have not been carried out on the genotoxicity of pr. the potential genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of pr containing indigo (0.043%) and indirubin (0.009%) was evaluated using a standard battery of tests for safety assessment. the pr extract did not ind ...201627347027
trna(pro) -mediated downregulation of elongation factor p is required for mgtcbr expression during salmonella infection.bacterial ribosome requires elongation factor p to translate fragments harbouring consecutive proline codons. given the abundance of orfs with potential ef-p regulated sites, ef-p was assumed to be constitutively expressed. here, we report that the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium decreases efp mrna levels during course of infection. we determined that the decrease in efp mrna is triggered by low levels of charged trna(pro) , a condition that salmonella experiences ...201627350030
carbohydrate-binding specificities of potential probiotic lactobacillus strains in porcine jejunal (ipec-j2) cells and porcine mucin.bacterial lectins are carbohydrate-binding adhesins that recognize glycoreceptors in the gut mucus and epithelium of hosts. in this study, the contribution of lectin-like activities to adhesion of lactobacillus mucosae lm1 and lactobacillus johnsonii pf01, which were isolated from swine intestine, were compared to those of the commercial probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg. both lm1 and pf01 strains have been reported to have good adhesion ability to crude intestinal mucus of pigs. to confirm t ...201627350617
mutation assay using single-molecule real-time (smrt(tm)) sequencing technology.we present here a simple, phenotype-independent mutation assay using a pacbio rsii dna sequencer employing single-molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing technology. salmonella typhimurium yg7108 was treated with the alkylating agent n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea (enu) and grown though several generations to fix the induced mutations, the dna was extracted and the mutations were analyzed by using the smrt dna sequencer.201527350811
long-range transport of mutagens and other air pollutants from mainland east asia to western japan.asian dust events, transport of dust particles from arid and semi-arid areas in china and mongolia to the east by prevailing westerlies, are often observed in japan in spring. in recent decades, consumption of fossil fuels has markedly increased in mainland east asia with rapid economic growth, and severe air pollution has occurred. a part of air pollutants including mutagens, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), generated in mainland east asia are thought to be transported to japan ...201527350820
the strains recommended for use in the bacterial reverse mutation test (oecd guideline 471) can be certified as non-genetically modified organisms.the bacterial reverse mutation test, commonly called ames test, is used worldwide. in japan, the genetically modified organisms (gmos) are regulated under the cartagena domestic law, and organisms obtained by self-cloning and/or natural occurrence would be exempted from the law case by case. the strains of salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli recommended for use in the bacterial reverse mutation test (oecd guideline 471), have been considered as non-gmos because they can be constructed by ...201627350822
antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic activities of silybum marianum [l.] gaertn assessed by the salmonella mutagenicity assay (ames test) and the micronucleus test in mice bone marrow.silymarin (sm), a standardized extract from silybum marianum (l.) gaertn., is composed mainly of flavonolignans, and silibinin (sb) is its major active constituent. the present study aimed to evaluate the antimutagenic activities of sm and sb using the ames mutagenicity test in salmonella typhimurium, as well as their anticytotoxic and antigenotoxic activities using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. to assess antimutagenicity, salmonella typhimurium strains were treated with different con ...201627352027
salmonella infection in healthy pet reptiles: bacteriological isolation and study of some pathogenic characters.the fecal samples from 213 captive reptiles were examined, and 29 (13.61%) salmonella enterica isolates were detected: 14/62 (22.58%) from chelonians, 14/135 (10.37%) from saurians, and 1/16 (6.25%) from ophidians. the isolates were distributed among 14 different serotypes: miami, ebrie, hermannsweder, tiergarten, tornov, pomona, poona, goteborg, abaetetube, nyanza, kumasi, typhimurium, 50:b:z6, 9,12:z29:1,5, and a non-motile serotype with antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:-:-. salmonella typhimurium ...201627352973
role of fimbriae, flagella and cellulose on the attachment of salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 to plant cell wall models.cases of foodborne disease caused by salmonella are frequently associated with the consumption of minimally processed produce. bacterial cell surface components are known to be important for the attachment of bacterial pathogens to fresh produce. the role of these extracellular structures in salmonella attachment to plant cell walls has not been investigated in detail. we investigated the role of flagella, fimbriae and cellulose on the attachment of salmonella typhimurium atcc 14028 and a range ...201627355584
biofilm formation by environmental isolates of salmonella and their sensitivity to natural antimicrobials.the objective of this study was to determine reduction of salmonella in biofilms by essential oils. biofilm formation of 15 salmonella isolates from conventional swine farm environment was evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate crystal violet and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) assays. only one of the 15 isolates was a strong biofilm producer as classified by crystal violet assay. all salmonella isolates formed biofilm on mbec assay. the curli expression was robust among strains ...201627356028
alternative antimicrobial commercial egg washing procedures.commercial table eggs are washed prior to packaging. standard wash procedures use an alkaline ph and warm water. if a cool water method could be developed that would still provide a microbiologically safe egg, the industry may save energy costs associated with water heating. four wash procedures were evaluated for salmonella reduction: ph 11 at 48.9°c (industry standard), ph 11 at ambient temperature (∼20°c), ph 6 at 48.9°c, and ph 6 at ambient temperature. alkaline washes contained potassium hy ...201627357042
higher storage temperature causes greater salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium internal penetration of artificially contaminated, commercially available, washed free range eggs.foodborne salmonellosis is a major public health concern, with contaminated eggs identified as a significant source of infection. in australia, the most prevalent cause of salmonellosis from eggs is salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium. this study explored the effect of temperature after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of storage on commercially available washed free range eggs, artificially contaminated with salmonella typhimurium on the external surface. at each time point, the ex ...201627357046
transfer of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from beef to tomato through kitchen equipment and the efficacy of intermediate decontamination procedures.it is well established that a high percentage of foodborne illness is caused by failure of consumers to prepare food in a hygienic manner. indeed, a common practice in households is to use the same kitchen equipment for both raw meat and fresh produce. such a practice may lead to cross-contamination of fruits and vegetables, which are mainly consumed without further processing, with pathogenic microorganisms originating from raw meat. the present study was performed to examine the transfer of th ...201627357047
neutrophils mediate salmonella typhimurium clearance through the gbp4 inflammasome-dependent production of prostaglandins.inflammasomes are cytosolic molecular platforms that alert the immune system about the presence of infection. here we report that zebrafish guanylate-binding protein 4 (gbp4), an ifnγ-inducible gtpase protein harbouring a c-terminal card domain, is required for the inflammasome-dependent clearance of salmonella typhimurium (st) by neutrophils in vivo. despite the presence of the card domain, gbp4 requires the universal inflammasome adaptor asc for mediating its antibacterial function. in additio ...201627363812
igg subclasses targeting the flagella of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can mediate phagocytosis and bacterial killing.invasive non-typhoidal salmonella are a common cause of invasive disease in immuno-compromised individuals and in children. multi-drug resistance poses challenges to disease control, with a critical need for effective vaccines. flagellin is an attractive vaccine candidate due to surface exposure and high epitope copy number, but its potential as a target for opsonophacytic antibodies is unclear. we examined the effect of targeting flagella with different classes of igg on the interaction between ...201627366588
enhanced therapeutic effect of an antiangiogenesis peptide on lung cancer in vivo combined with salmonella vnp20009 carrying a sox2 shrna construct.hm-3 is a polypeptide inhibiting angiogenesis. recent reports suggest that the antitumor effect of angiogenesis inhibitors administered alone might be limited. cancer stem cells can survive the lack of oxygen and nutrients. to achieve better anti-tumor effect, hm-3 was administered in combination with the attenuated salmonella typhimurium vnp20009 transformed with a shrna construct against sex determining region y-box 2 (sox2).201627371094
characterization of the outer membrane subproteome of the virulent strain salmonella typhimurium sl1344. 201627373869
use of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria (lab) biofilms for the control of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli o157:h7 biofilms formation.use of probiotic biofilms can be an alternative approach for reducing the formation of pathogenic biofilms in food industries. the aims of this study were (i) to evaluate the probiotic properties of bacteriocinogenic (lactococcus lactis vb69, l. lactis vb94, lactobacillus sakei mbsa1, and lactobacillus curvatus mbsa3) and non-bacteriocinogenic (l. lactis 368, lactobacillus helveticus 354, lactobacillus casei 40, and weissela viridescens 113) lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from brazilian's f ...201627375584
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1,2-benzothiazine derivatives.a number of 1,2-benzothiazines have been synthesized in a three-step process. nine chalcones 1-9 bearing methyl, fluoro, chloro and bromo substituents were chlorosulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to generate the chalcone sulfonyl chlorides 10-18. these were converted to the dibromo compounds 19-27 through reaction with bromine in glacial acetic acid. compounds 19-27 were reacted with ammonia, methylamine, ethylamine, aniline and benzylamine to generate a library of 45 1,2-benzothiazines 28-72. ...201627376253
long-term live-cell imaging reveals new roles for salmonella effector proteins sseg and stea.salmonella typhimurium is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that infects both epithelial cells and macrophages. salmonella effector proteins, which are translocated into the host cell and manipulate host cell components, control the ability to replicate and/or survive in host cells. due to the complexity and heterogeneity of salmonella infections, there is growing recognition of the need for single-cell and live-cell imaging approaches to identify and characterize the diversity of cellular phe ...201727376507
unstable tandem gene amplification generates heteroresistance (variation in resistance within a population) to colistin in salmonella enterica.heteroresistance, a phenomenon where subpopulations of a bacterial isolate exhibit different susceptibilities to an antibiotic, is a growing clinical problem where the underlying genetic mechanisms in most cases remain unknown. we isolated colistin resistant mutants in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium at different concentrations of colistin. genetic analysis showed that genetically stable pmrab point mutations were responsible for colistin resistance during selection ...201627381382
beneficial effects of sodium phenylbutyrate administration during infection with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.sodium phenylbutyrate (pba) is a derivative of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate and is approved for treatment of urea cycle disorders and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2. previously known functions include histone deacetylase inhibitor, endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, ammonia sink, and chemical chaperone. here, we show that pba has a previously undiscovered protective role in host mucosal defense during infection. administration of pba to taconic mice resulted in ...201627382022
quantitative transfer of salmonella typhimurium lt2 during mechanical slicing of tomatoes as impacted by multiple processing variables.slicing of fresh produce can readily lead to pathogen cross-contamination with pre-sliced tomatoes having been linked to multistate outbreaks of salmonellosis in the united states. this study aimed to assess the impact of multiple processing variables on quantitative transfer of salmonella during simulated commercial slicing of tomatoes. one red round tomato was inoculated with salmonella typhimurium lt2 at ~5logcfu/g and sliced using a manual or electric slicer, followed by 20 uninoculated toma ...201627382959
construction of bacillus subtilis strain engineered for expression of porcine β-defensin-2/cecropin p1 fusion antimicrobial peptides and its growth-promoting effect and antimicrobial activity.to generate recombinant bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) engineered for expression of porcine β-defensin-2 (pbd-2) and cecropin p1 (cp1) fusion antimicrobial peptide and investigate their anti-bacterial activity in vitro and their growth-promoting and disease resisting activity in vivo.201727383796
[antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp isolated animal food for human consumption].to analyze all information available on antimicrobial-resistant salmonella species isolated from foods of animal origin that are used for human consumption in latin america.201627384620
licoflavonol is an inhibitor of the type three secretion system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.as an important food-borne human pathogen, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium depends on its type iii secretion system (t3ss) as a major virulence factor to cause disease all over the world. the t3ss secretes effector proteins to facilitate invasion into host cells. in this study, twenty prenylated flavonoids (1-20) were screened for their anti-t3ss activity, revealing that several analogs exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the secretion of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi-1)-asso ...201627387231
genotoxic evaluation of halfenprox using the human peripheral lymphocyte micronucleus assay and the ames test.the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of halfenprox, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide, was assessed using two standard genotoxicity assays of the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay (ames test) and in vitro micronucleus (mn) assay in human peripheral lymphocytes. in the ames test, salmonella strains ta98 and ta100 were treated with or without s9 fraction. the doses of halfenprox were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/plate and test materials were dissolved in dmso. the concentrati ...201727387265
chemopreventive effect and lack of genotoxicity and mutagenicity of the exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran on human lymphocytes.carbohydrate biopolymers of fungal-origin are an important natural resource in the search for new bioagents with therapeutic and nutraceutical potential. in this study the mutagenic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of the fungal exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran, a (1→3)(1→6)-β-d-glucan, from botryosphaeria rhodina mamb-05, was evaluated. the mutagenicity was assessed at five concentrations in salmonella typhimurium by the ames test. normal and tumor (jurkat cells) human t lym ...201627387458
mechanistic study of the synergistic antibacterial activity of combined silver nanoparticles and common antibiotics.a combination of silver nanoparticles (agnps) and an antibiotic can synergistically inhibit bacterial growth, especially against the drug-resistant bacteria salmonella typhimurium. however, the mechanism for the synergistic activity is not known. this study chooses four classes of antibiotics, β-lactam (ampicillin and penicillin), quinolone (enoxacin), aminoglycoside (kanamycin and neomycin), and polykeptide (tetracycline) to explore their synergistic mechanism when combined with agnps against t ...201627390928
detection of rare antimicrobial resistance profiles by active and passive surveillance approaches.antimicrobial resistance (amr) surveillance systems are generally not specifically designed to detect emerging resistances and usually focus primarily on resistance to individual drugs. evaluating the diversity of resistance, using ecological metrics, allows the assessment of sampling protocols with regard to the detection of rare phenotypes, comprising combinations of resistances. surveillance data of phenotypic amr of canadian poultry salmonella heidelberg and swine salmonella typhimurium var. ...201627391966
antimicrobial resistance patterns of enterobacteriaceae in european wild bird species admitted in a wildlife rescue centre.wild birds have been considered to be reservoirs of enteric human pathogens and vectors of resistance dissemination to the environment. during annual migration, they potentially play a role in the epidemiology of human associated zoonoses. the aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of enterobacteriaceae members isolated from cloacal swabs of common european wild birds. fifty-five cloacal swabs were taken during birds' entrance ev ...201627393875
suppression of the sos-inducing activity of trp-p-1 and aflatoxin b1 by meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid from machilus thunbergii in the salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002 umu test.the methanol extract from machilus thunbergii showed a suppressive effect on umu gene expression of the sos response in salmonella typhimurium ta1535/psk1002 against the mutagen, 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (trp-p-1), which requires liver metabolizing enzymes. the methanol extract from m. thunbergii was successively re-extracted with chloroform, butanol and water. a suppressive compound in the chloroform extract fraction was isolated by sio2 column chromatography and identified a ...199827397003
antidiabetic effect, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of 3',4'-di-o-acetyl-cis-khellactone in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.pyranocoumarins are compounds with an important pharmacological profile, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial, and hypoglycemic effects. these molecules have a widespread presence as secondary metabolites in medicinal plants used to treat diabetes mellitus (dm). the aim of this work was to evaluate antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabetic rats and the antioxidant effects of 3',4'-di-o-acetyl-cis-khellactone (doack), as well as its toxi ...201627397496
rodents as a source of salmonella contamination in wet markets in thailand.few studies have been conducted on the presence of salmonella in the rodents that inhabit the wet markets that play an important role in daily life in southeast asia. the results of studies of rodents as carriers of salmonella vary greatly, ranging from an absence of salmonella to high prevalences. previous studies investigated habitats such as farms and urban and wild areas where there is less rodent-human interaction than in wet markets. consequently, the potential role of rodents as reservoir ...201627400325
mice deficient in angiopoietin-like protein 2 (angptl2) gene show increased susceptibility to bacterial infection due to attenuated macrophage activity.macrophages play crucial roles in combatting infectious disease by promoting inflammation and phagocytosis. angiopoietin-like protein 2 (angptl2) is a secreted factor that induces tissue inflammation by attracting and activating macrophages to produce inflammatory cytokines in chronic inflammation-associated diseases such as obesity-associated metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. here, we asked whether and how angptl2 activates macrophages in the innate immune response. ...201627402837
design and expression of peptides with antimicrobial activity against salmonella typhimurium.we showed previously that insertion of synechocystis δ(12) -desaturase in salmonella's membrane alters membrane physical state (mps), followed by the expression of stress genes causing inability to survive within murine macrophages (mφ). recently, we showed that expression of one membrane lipid domain (mld) of δ(12) -desaturase (orf200) interferes with salmonella mps, causing loss of virulence in mice and immunoprotection. here, we postulate that an α-antimicrobial peptide (α-amp) intercalates w ...201727404739
salmonella effectors ssef and sseg interact with mammalian protein acbd3 (gcp60) to anchor salmonella-containing vacuoles at the golgi network.following infection of mammalian cells, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) replicates within membrane-bound compartments known as salmonella-containing vacuoles (scvs). the salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type iii secretion system (spi-2 t3ss) translocates approximately 30 different effectors across the vacuolar membrane. ssef and sseg are two such effectors that are required for scvs to localize close to the golgi network in infected epithelial cells. in a yeast two-hybri ...201627406559
lps remodeling triggers formation of outer membrane vesicles in salmonella.outer membrane vesicles (omv) are proposed to mediate multiple functions during pathogenesis and symbiosis. however, the mechanisms responsible for omv formation remain poorly understood. it has been shown in eukaryotic membranes that lipids with an inverted-cone shape favor the formation of positive membrane curvatures. based on these studies, we formulated the hypothesis that lipid a deacylation might impose shape modifications that result in the curvature of the outer membrane (om) and subseq ...201627406567
models of intestinal infection by salmonella enterica: introduction of a new neonate mouse model.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing inflammatory disease in the intestine following diarrhea and is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. many in vitro investigations using cell culture models are available, but these do not represent the real natural environment present in the intestine of infected hosts. several in vivo animal models have been used to study the host-pathogen interaction and to unravel the immune responses and cellular processes occu ...201627408697
a novel covalent approach to bio-conjugate silver coated single walled carbon nanotubes with antimicrobial peptide.due to increasing antibiotic resistance, the use of silver coated single walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts-ag) and antimicrobial peptides (aps) is becoming popular due to their antimicrobial properties against a wide range of pathogens. however, stability against various conditions and toxicity in human cells are some of the major drawbacks of aps and swcnts-ag, respectively. therefore, we hypothesized that aps-functionalized swcnts-ag could act synergistically. various covalent functionalization ...201627412259
thermally robust and biomolecule-friendly room-temperature bonding for the fabrication of elastomer-plastic hybrid microdevices.here, we introduce a simple and fast method for bonding a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pdms) silicone elastomer to different plastics. in this technique, surface modification and subsequent bonding processes are performed at room temperature. furthermore, only one chemical is needed, and no surface oxidation step is necessary prior to bonding. this bonding method is particularly suitable for encapsulating biomolecules that are sensitive to external stimuli, such as heat or plasma treatment, and for e ...201627412355
[clinical epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of nontyphoidal salmonella enteric infections in children: 2012-2014].to understand the clinical epidemiology and manifestation of nontyphoidal salmonella (nts)enteric infections and serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of nts in children.201627412737
application of edible coating with starch and carvacrol in minimally processed pumpkin.the present study evaluated the effect of an edible coating of cassava starch and carvacrol in minimally processed pumpkin (mpp). the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of carvacrol against escherichia coli, salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium, aeromonas hydrophila, and staphylococcus aureus was determined. the edible coating that contained carvacrol at the mic and 2 × mic was applied to mpp, and effects were evaluated with regard to the survival of experimentally inoculated bacteria an ...201627413224
interferon-inducible guanylate-binding proteins at the interface of cell-autonomous immunity and inflammasome activation.guanylate-binding proteins (gbps) are essential components of cell-autonomous immunity. in response to ifn signaling, gbps are expressed in the cytoplasm of immune and nonimmune cells, where they unleash their antimicrobial activity toward intracellular bacteria, viruses, and parasites. recent studies have revealed that gbps are essential for mediating activation of the caspase-1 inflammasome in response to the gram-negative bacteria salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, francisella novicida, ...201727418355
effect of extracted galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides from pine wood (pinus brutia) on salmonella typhimurium colonisation, growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicks.an in vitro and in vivo study was conducted to evaluate the fermentability of isolated galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (ggms) and the influence of their feeding on shedding and colonisation of salmonella typhimurium, growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chicks. the in vitro data demonstrated that three probiotic lactic acid bacteria namely lactobacillus casei, l. plantarum and enterococcus faecium were able to ferment the extracted oligosaccharides and other tested sugars ...201627419477
growth potential of exponential- and stationary-phase salmonella typhimurium during sausage fermentation.raw meat for sausage production can be contaminated with salmonella. for technical reasons, meat is often frozen prior to mincing but it is unknown how growth of salmonella in meat prior to freezing affects its growth potential during sausage fermentation. we investigated survival of exponential- and stationary-phase salmonella typhimurium (dt12 and dtu292) during freezing at -18°c and their subsequent growth potential during 72h sausage fermentation at 25°c. after 0, 7 and >35d of frozen storag ...201627423056
regulated delayed synthesis of lipopolysaccharide and enterobacterial common antigen of salmonella typhimurium enhances immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy against heterologous salmonella challenge.lipopolysaccharide (lps) o-antigen and enterobacterial common antigen (eca) are two major polysaccharide structures on the surface of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. previous studies have demonstrated that regulated truncation of lps enhances the cross-reaction against conserved outer membrane proteins (omps) from enteric bacteria. we speculate that the regulation of both o-antigen and eca may enhance the induction of immune responses against conserved omps from enteric bacteria. in thi ...201627423383
biological activity of conventional and organic pomegranate juices: antioxidant and antimutagenic potential.none of the health claims about pomegranate juices has been approved yet by european food safety authority (efsa). there is a general perception among consumers that organic foods are healthier, tastier, and more nutritive than the conventional products. the aim of this research was to study the differences in the biological activity between ready-for-consumption juices obtained from pomegranates fruits grown under conventional and organic agricultural practices. antioxidant activity has been ev ...201627423934
gold nanoparticle-dna aptamer conjugate-assisted delivery of antimicrobial peptide effectively eliminates intracellular salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are a promising new class of antibacterial compounds. however, their applications in the treatment of intracellular pathogenic bacteria have been limited by their in vivo instability and low penetrating ability into mammalian cells. here, we report that gold nanoparticles conjugated with dna aptamer (aunp-apt) efficiently delivered amps into mammalian living systems with enhanced stability of the amps. c-terminally hexahistidine-tagged a3-apo (a3-apo(his)) amps were ...201627424215
the molecular basis for ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like specificities in bacterial effector proteases.pathogenic bacteria rely on secreted effector proteins to manipulate host signaling pathways, often in creative ways. ce clan proteases, specific hydrolases for ubiquitin-like modifications (sumo and nedd8) in eukaryotes, reportedly serve as bacterial effector proteins with desumoylase, deubiquitinase, or, even, acetyltransferase activities. here, we characterize bacterial ce protease activities, revealing k63-linkage-specific deubiquitinases in human pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia, ...201627425412
salmonellosis associated with mass catering: a survey of european union cases over a 15-year period.salmonella spp. is the causative agent of a foodborne disease called salmonellosis, which is the second most commonly reported gastrointestinal infection in the european union (eu). although over the years the annual number of cases of foodborne salmonellosis within the eu has decreased markedly, in 2014, a total of 88 715 confirmed cases were still reported by 28 eu member states. the european food safety authority reported that, after the household environment, the most frequent settings for t ...201627426630
bifunctional probes of cathepsin protease activity and ph reveal alterations in endolysosomal ph during bacterial infection.cysteine cathepsins are lysosomal proteases involved in regulation of both normal cellular processes and disease. biochemical studies with peptide substrates indicate that cathepsins have optimal activity at acidic ph and highly attenuated activity at neutral ph. in contrast, there is mounting evidence that cathepsins have biological roles in environments that have non-acidic ph. to further define the specific ph environments where cathepsins act, we designed bifunctional activity-based probes ( ...201627427229
salmonellosis acquired from poultry.among the various poultry product-related foodborne pathogens, gastrointestinal infections caused by egg-borne nontyphoidal salmonella is a major concern in developed and developing countries. this review is focused on the latest findings and implications for food safety.201627434307
energy taxis toward host-derived nitrate supports a salmonella pathogenicity island 1-independent mechanism of invasion.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can cross the epithelial barrier using either the invasion-associated type iii secretion system (t3ss-1) or a t3ss-1-independent mechanism that remains poorly characterized. here we show that flagellum-mediated motility supported a t3ss-1-independent pathway for entering ileal peyer's patches in the mouse model. flagellum-dependent invasion of peyer's patches required energy taxis toward nitrate, which was mediated by the methyl-accepting chemotaxis protei ...201627435462
modulation of stat-1 in human macrophages infected with different species of intracellular pathogenic bacteria.the infection of human macrophages by pathogenic bacteria induces different signaling pathways depending on the type of cellular receptors involved in the microorganism entry and on their mechanism(s) of survival and replication in the host cell. it was reported that stat proteins play an important role in this process. in the present study, we investigate the changes in stat-1 activation (phosphorylation in p-tyr701) after uptake of two gram-positive (listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus a ...201627437406
nutrient deprivation affects salmonella invasion and its interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota.salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a foodborne enteric pathogen and a major cause of gastroenteritis in humans. it is known that molecules derived from the human fecal microbiota downregulate s. typhimurium virulence gene expression and induce a starvation-like response. in this study, s. typhimurium was cultured in minimal media to mimic starvation conditions such as that experienced by s. typhimurium in the human intestinal tract, and the pathogen's virulence in vitro ...201627437699
prevalence, seasonal occurrence, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp. isolates recovered from chicken carcasses sampled at major poultry processing plants of south korea.the current study was conducted to assess salmonella spp. contamination in chicken carcasses produced at major poultry processing plants in south korea. in total, 120 chicken carcasses were collected through 12 individual trials (10 chickens per trial) from six poultry processing plants in the summer of 2014 and the winter of 2015. eighteen chicken samples (15%) were contaminated with salmonella, with a higher rate of contamination observed during summer (14 isolates, 11.7%) than during winter ( ...201627442349
purification and characterization of a new antifungal compound 10-(2,2-dimethyl-cyclohexyl)-6,9-dihydroxy-4,9-dimethyl-dec-2-enoic acid methyl ester from streptomyces hydrogenans strain dh16.in agriculture, biocontrol agents have been emerged as safe alternative to chemical pesticides where streptomyces spp. and their metabolites constitute a great potential for their exploration as potent agents for controlling various fungal phytopathogens. the present study reports an antifungal compound purified from streptomyces hydrogenans strain dh16, a soil isolate, using silica gel chromatography and semi preparative hplc. the compound was characterized using various spectroscopic technique ...201627446043
rgd peptide cell-surface display enhances the targeting and therapeutic efficacy of attenuated salmonella-mediated cancer therapy.bacteria-based anticancer therapies aim to overcome the limitations of current cancer therapy by actively targeting and efficiently removing cancer. to achieve this goal, new approaches that target and maintain bacterial drugs at sufficient concentrations during the therapeutic window are essential. here, we examined the tumor tropism of attenuated salmonella typhimurium displaying the rgd peptide sequence (acdcrgdcfcg) on the external loop of outer membrane protein a (ompa). rgd-displaying salm ...201627446500
factors that influence the immunological adjuvant effect of lactobacillus fermentum pc1 on specific immune responses in mice to orally administered antigens.this study examined the influences of the dosage of the adjuvant, the nature of the antigen and the host genetics on the capacity of l. fermentum pc1 (pc1) to function as an oral adjuvant. balb/c and dba/1 mice were vaccinated with either ovalbumin (ova) or salmonella typhimurium on days 0 and 14, mice were also dosed with the pc1 (10⁸ cfu or 10(11) cfu per dose per mouse) with the antigens (days 0 and 14) and alone (days -1 and 13). the higher pc1 dose elicited a greater specific serum igg2a re ...201627447674
breast abscess due to salmonella typhimurium in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis: a case report.this is the first report of breast abscess due to salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. staphylococcus aureus is known as the most common cause of breast abscess. salmonella spp. may occasionally form localized abscesses after dissemination to various organ systems following a bacteraemia. but breast abscess related to salmonella spp is a very rare complication.201627448659
evaluation of genotoxic potential throughout the upper and middle stretches of adige river basin.in this study a comprehensive genotoxicological survey throughout the upper and middle stretches of adige river basin is presented. the study was carried out at 7 sites located along the adige main course and one the most significant tributaries, the noce creek, both presenting different levels of pollution pressure. to give an insight into the nature of the genotoxic activity we employed the battery of prokaryotic and eukaryotic assays. mutagenicity in water samples was evaluated by sos/umuc te ...201627450952
a salmonella nanoparticle mimic overcomes multidrug resistance in tumours.salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium is a food-borne pathogen that also selectively grows in tumours and functionally decreases p-glycoprotein (p-gp), a multidrug resistance transporter. here we report that the salmonella type iii secretion effector, sipa, is responsible for p-gp modulation through a pathway involving caspase-3. mimicking the ability of salmonella to reverse multidrug resistance, we constructed a gold nanoparticle system packaged with a sipa corona, and found this bacterial ...201627452236
ifn-γ hinders recovery from mucosal inflammation during antibiotic therapy for salmonella gut infection.salmonella typhimurium (s.tm) causes acute enteropathy resolving after 4-7 days. strikingly, antibiotic therapy does not accelerate disease resolution. we screened for factors blocking remission using a s.tm enterocolitis model. the antibiotic ciprofloxacin clears pathogen stool loads within 3-24 hr, while gut pathology resolves more slowly (ψ50: ∼48 hr, remission: 6-9 days). this delayed resolution is mediated by an interferon-γ (ifn-γ)-dependent response that is triggered during acute infectio ...201627453483
isolation and identification of a new saponin from cephalaria aytachii.a new hederagenin-type triterpenoid glycoside (1) named aytachoside a, along with eight known triterpene glycosides, were isolated from the aerial parts of cephalaria aytachii gokturk and sumbul (dipsacaceae). the structures of compounds 1-9 were determined by spectroscopic (1d and 2d nmr, hresims) and chemical examinations. the antimicrobial effect of compound 1 was found considerably active against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and especially salmonella typhimurium microorganisms us ...201727454791
probiotic properties and adsorption of enterococcus faecalis psct3-7 to vermiculite.the probiotic properties of enterococcus (e.) faecalis psct3-7, a new strain isolated from the intestines of pigs fed dietary fiber containing 50% sawdust, were investigated. e. faecalis psct3-7 tolerated a ph range of 3 to 8 and 0.3% bile salts, and it inhibited the growth of salmonella typhimurium in a concentration-dependent manner. in addition, e. faecalis showed resistance to several antibacterial agents. vermiculite, a nutrient and microbial carrier, increased the bile tolerance of the str ...201727456777
salmonella and the inflammasome: battle for intracellular dominance.inflammasomes are macromolecular cytoplasmic complexes that act as signaling platforms for the activation of inflammatory caspases. their activation triggers the processing and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines il-1β and il-18, as well as the induction of a specialized form of inflammatory cell death termed pyroptosis. here, we review the mechanisms of inflammasome activation triggered by the intracellular pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we highlight the different inf ...201727460804
antimicrobial activities of bacteria associated with the brown alga padina pavonica.macroalgae belonging to the genus padina are known to produce antibacterial compounds that may inhibit growth of human- and animal pathogens. hitherto, it was unclear whether this antibacterial activity is produced by the macroalga itself or by secondary metabolite producing epiphytic bacteria. here we report antibacterial activities of epiphytic bacteria isolated from padina pavonica (peacocks tail) located on northern coast of tunisia. eighteen isolates were obtained in pure culture and tested ...201627462308
delineation of attenuation of oxidative stress and mutagenic stress by murraya exotica l. leaves.murraya exotica l., a member of family rutaceae is rich in biologically active secondary metabolites and also known for its ethnobotanical importance. with this in mind, the plant was chosen and leaves were extracted sequentially to obtain ethanol, hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions. the extract/fractions were evaluated for total phenolic and flavonoid content by spectrophotometric methods. the uhplc technique was employed for profiling the different polyphenolic ...201627462485
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