Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| cholera toxin - a foe & a friend. | after de?s pivotal demonstration in 1959 of a diarrhoeogenic exo-enterotoxin in cell-free culture filtrates from vibrio cholerae (of classical biotype), much insight has been gained about cholera toxin (ct), which is arguably now the best known of all microbial toxins. the subunit structure and function of ct, its receptor (the gm1 ganglioside), and its effects on the cyclic amp system and on intestinal secretion were defined in the 1970s, and the essential aspects of the genetic organization in ... | 2011 | 21415489 |
| lessons from cholera & vibrio cholerae. | cholera is an acute form of diarrhoeal disease that plagued human civilization over the centuries. the sudden and explosive onset of the disease in the form of an outbreak or epidemic, coupled with high mortality and morbidity rates, had a tragic impact on the personal as well as social life of people living in the affected areas. the enormity of human sufferings led clinicians and scientists to carry out extensive research on cholera and vibrio cholerae (the causative bacterium of the disease) ... | 2011 | 21415490 |
| the discovery of cholera - like enterotoxins produced by escherichia coli causing secretory diarrhoea in humans. | non-vibrio cholera has been recognized as a clinical entity for as long as cholera was known to be caused by vibrio cholerae. until 1968, the aetiologic agent of this syndrome was not known. following a series of studies in patients with non-vibrio cholera it was found that these patients had large concentrations of escherichia coli in the small bowel and stools which produced cholera toxin-like enterotoxins, and had fluid and electrolyte transport abnormalities in the small bowel similar to pat ... | 2011 | 21415491 |
| from cholera to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) vaccine development. | it was shown earlier that immune responses against cholera toxin (ct) as well as vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) or whole bacterial cells (wc) were protective and that these different antibody specificities co-operated synergistically for protection against experimental cholera. similarly, antibodies against the heat-labile toxin (lt) and major colonization factors (cfs) of enterotoxingenic escherichia coli (etec) co-operated synergistically for protection against lt-producing etec expr ... | 2011 | 21415493 |
| molecular mechanism of acquisition of the cholera toxin genes. | one of the major pathogenic determinants of vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin, is encoded in the genome of a filamentous phage, ctxf. ctxf makes use of the chromosome dimer resolution system of v. cholerae to integrate its single stranded genome into one, the other, or both v. cholerae chromosomes. here, we review current knowledge about this smart integration process. | 2011 | 21415494 |
| the complexity of toxt-dependent transcription in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of the disease cholera, characterized by profuse watery diarrhoea. two of the main virulence factors associated with the disease are cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp). expression of ct and tcp is regulated via a complex cascade of factors that respond to environmental signals, but ultimately toxt is the direct transcriptional activator of the genes encoding ct and tcp. recent studies have begun to unveil the mechanisms behind toxt-depende ... | 2011 | 21415495 |
| genetic components of stringent response in vibrio cholerae. | nutritional stress elicits stringent response in bacteria involving modulation of expression of several genes. this is mainly triggered by the intracellular accumulation of two small molecules, namely, guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-triphosphate and guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate), collectively called (p)ppgpp. like in other gram-negative bacteria, the cellular level of (p)ppgpp is maintained in vibrio cholerae, the causative bacterial pathogen of the disease cholera, by the products of two genes ... | 2011 | 21415497 |
| an experimental study of phage mediated bactericidal selection & emergence of the el tor vibrio cholerae. | factor causing the elimination of the classical biotype of vibrio cholerae o1, and its replacement by the el tor biotype causing the 7 th cholera pandemic are unclear. possible ability of the el tor strains to adapt better than the classical strains to undefined environmental forces have been largely implicated for the change. here we describe an environmental bacteriophage designated jsf9 which might have contributed to the range of factors. | 2011 | 21415498 |
| antimicrobials & cholera: are we stranded? | antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat in the treatment of infectious diseases. though significant progress in the management of diarrhoeal diseases has been achieved by improved hygiene, development of new antimicrobials and vaccines, the burden remains the same, especially in children below 5 yr of age. in the case of cholera, though oral rehydration treatment is the mainstay, antimicrobial therapy is mandatory at times to reduce the volume of stool and shorten the duration of the disea ... | 2011 | 21415499 |
| inhibition of virulence potential of vibrio cholerae by natural compounds. | the rise in multi-drug resistant vibrio cholerae strains is a big problem in treatment of patients suffering from severe cholera. only a few studies have evaluated the potential of natural compounds against v. cholerae. extracts from plants like 'neem', 'guazuma', 'daio', apple, hop, green tea and elephant garlic have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth or the secreted cholera toxin (ct). however, inhibiting bacterial growth like common antimicrobial agents may also impose selective pressure ... | 2011 | 21415500 |
| long helical filaments are not seen encircling cells in electron cryotomograms of rod-shaped bacteria. | how rod-shaped bacteria form and maintain their shape is an important question in bacterial cell biology. results from fluorescent light microscopy have led many to believe that the actin homolog mreb and a number of other proteins form long helical filaments along the inner membrane of the cell. here we show using electron cryotomography of six different rod-shaped bacterial species, at macromolecular resolution, that no long (> 80 nm) helical filaments exist near or along either surface of the ... | 2011 | 21419100 |
| evaluation of a broadly protective chlamydia-cholera combination vaccine candidate. | the need to simultaneously target infections with epidemiological overlap in the population with a single vaccine provides the basis for developing combination vaccines. vibrio cholerae ghosts (rvcg) offer an attractive approach for developing vaccines against a number of human and animal pathogens. in this study, we constructed a multisubunit vaccine candidate co-expressing the serovar d-derived porin b and polymorphic membrane protein-d proteins of chlamydia trachomatis and evaluated its abili ... | 2011 | 21421002 |
| monitoring of multiple drug-resistant pathogens in a selected stretch of bay of bengal, india. | the present work aims at identification of multiple drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in a selected stretch, namely, puri on the bay of bengal, india. six stations at the coast of puri were selected and samples of water and sediment were collected during the winter of 2008 and 2009 for this study. thirty-eight pathogenic bacteria were isolated and identified from both the water and the sediment of 6 fixed stations (pu-1a, pu-1b, pu-2, pu-3, pu-4, and pu-5). the identified pathogens were escheri ... | 2011 | 21424669 |
| vibrio cholerae typing phage n4: genome sequence and its relatedness to t7 viral supergroup. | objectives: in countries where cholera is endemic, vibrio cholerae o1 bacteriophages have been detected in sewage water. these have been used to serve not only as strain markers, but also for the typing of v. cholerae strains. vibriophage n4 (atcc 51352-b1) occupies a unique position in the new phage-typing scheme and can infect a larger number of v. cholerae o1 biotype el tor strains. here we characterized the complete genome sequence of this typing vibriophage. methods: the complete dna sequen ... | 2011 | 21430354 |
| distribution of vibrio species isolated from aquatic environments with tcbs agar. | environmental bacteria grown on tcbs agar plates (tcbs strains) were investigated for the presence ofvibrio cholerae in aquatic environments. tcbs strain counts were 0.01 - 0.001 times the total viable counts in pairs of the same samples. the tcbs strains were of two types which required n(a)cl (salt strain) and did not require n(a)cl (non-salt strain) to grow in peptone water. non-salt strains made up 85.3 - 92.1% of tcbs strains isolated from river water. tcbs strains isolated from an estuary ... | 2000 | 21432485 |
| crystal structure of the vibrio cholerae colonization factor tcpf and identification of a functional immunogenic site. | vibrio cholerae relies on two main virulence factors--toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) and cholera toxin--to cause the gastrointestinal disease cholera. tcp is a type iv pilus that mediates bacterial autoagglutination and colonization of the intestine. tcp is encoded by the tcp operon, which also encodes tcpf, a protein of unknown function that is secreted by v. cholerae in a tcp-dependent manner. although tcpf is not required for tcp biogenesis, a tcpf mutant has a colonization defect in the infan ... | 2011 | 21440558 |
| transition from a plasmid to a chromosomal mode of replication entails additional regulators. | plasmid origins of replication are rare in bacterial chromosomes, except in multichromosome bacteria. the replication origin of vibrio cholerae chromosome ii (chrii) closely resembles iteron-bearing plasmid origins. iterons are repeated initiator binding sites in plasmid origins and participate both in replication initiation and its control. the control is mediated primarily by coupling of iterons via the bound initiators ("handcuffing"), which causes steric hindrance to the origin. the control ... | 2011 | 21444815 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated in kathmandu, nepal, during 2002-2004. | the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial enteropathogens vibrio cholerae, salmonella species and shigella species were investigated. | 2011 | 21444984 |
| [cholera--once and nowadays]. | cholera is an acute intestinal infection which raged in india in the nineteenth century and it broke out in six great pandemics out in europe. etiology: cholera is caused by bacteria vibrio cholerae, which produce an enterotoxin causing massive diarrhoea. there are two biotypes--classic and el tor. | 2010 | 21446152 |
| a note on water quality associated with slaughter premises in bangladesh. | water quality used for washing carcasses and abattoir premises was assessed at two sites in southeast bangladesh. in addition, the effect of discharging untreated washings from slaughter premises on water purity in the receiving waterways was assessed from ph, dissolved oxygen and electrical conductivity measurements. premises effluents did not have a significant effect on the physico-chemical properties of the water in the receiving canals, as determined from the difference between the 4 m upst ... | 2011 | 21450411 |
| the vibrio cholerae quorum sensing response is mediated by hfq-dependent srna/mrna base pairing interactions. | vibrio cholerae quorum sensing controls expression of four redundant srnas, qrr1-4. the qrr srnas are predicted to alter the translation of several mrnas, including, hapr, which encodes a transcription factor that controls genes for virulence factors, biofilm formation, protease production and dna uptake. each qrr contains a 21 nucleotide region absolutely conserved among pathogenic vibrios, and predicted to base pair with mrna targets, like hapr, aided by the rna chaperone hfq. this molecular m ... | 2011 | 21453446 |
| origin of vibrio cholerae in haiti. | 2011 | 21453867 | |
| antagonistic bacteria from live corals, tuticorin coastal waters, southeastern india. | the objective of this study is to isolate and production of secondary metabolites with bioactive substances by coral reef (acropora formosa and favia palida) associated bacteria was carried out from the tuticorin coastal waters, southeastern india. the isolated coral associated bacteria were found to have an antagonistic effect against 10 human pathogens. the pathogens were escherichia coli, shigella dysentriae, staphylococcus epidermidis, s. aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aerogenosa ... | 2011 | 21454167 |
| insights into the biochemistry of the ubiquitous nhap family of cation/h+ antiporters. | na+/h+ antiporters are integral membrane proteins that exchange na+ for h+ across the cytoplasmic or organellar membranes of virtually all living cells. they are essential for control of cellular ph, volume homeostasis, and regulation of na+ levels. na+/h+ antiporters have become increasingly characterized and are now becoming important drug targets. the recently identified nhap family of na+/h+ antiporters, from the cpa1 superfamily, contains proteins with a surprisingly broad collective range ... | 2011 | 21455265 |
| a rapid dna biosensor for the molecular diagnosis of infectious disease. | treating patients with infectious diseases relies heavily on rapid and proper diagnosis. molecular detection such as pcr has become increasingly important and efforts have been made to simplify these detection methods. this study reports the development of a glass fibre-based lateral flow dna biosensor that uses capture reagents coupled to carrier beads and detector reagent bioconjugated to gold nanoparticles, for the detection of foodborne pathogen, vibrio cholerae. the dna biosensor contains a ... | 2011 | 21458979 |
| structural inferences for cholera toxin mutations in vibrio cholerae. | cholera is a global disease that has persisted for millennia. the cholera toxin (ct) from vibrio cholerae is responsible for the clinical symptoms of cholera. this toxin is a hetero-hexamer (ab(5)) complex consisting of a subunit a (cta) with a pentamer (b(5)) of subunit b (ctb). the importance of the ab(5) complex for pathogenesis is established for the wild type o1 serogroup using known structural and functional data. however, its role is not yet documented in other known serogroups harboring ... | 2011 | 21464837 |
| actin as target for modification by bacterial protein toxins. | various bacterial protein toxins and effectors target the actin cytoskeleton. at least three groups of toxins/effectors can be identified, which directly modify actin molecules. one group of toxins/effectors causes adp-ribosylation of actin at arginine-177, thereby inhibiting actin polymerization. members of this group are numerous binary actin-adp-ribosylating exotoxins (e.g. clostridium botulinum c2 toxin) as well as several bacterial adp-ribosyltransferases (e.g. salmonella enterica spvb) whi ... | 2011 | 21466657 |
| proteases produced by vibrios. | bacteria of the genus vibrio are normal habitants of the aquatic environment but the some species are believed to be human pathogens. pathogenic vibrios produce various pathogenic factors, and the proteases are also recognized to play pathogenic roles in the infection: the direct roles by digesting many kinds of host proteins or indirect roles by processing other pathogenic protein factors. especially vvp from vibrio vulnificus is thought to be a major pathogenic factor of the vibrio. although h ... | 2011 | 21467624 |
| detection of vibrio cholerae and acanthamoeba species from same natural water samples collected from different cholera endemic areas in sudan. | abstract: | 2011 | 21470437 |
| diarrheagenic pathogens in polymicrobial infections. | during systematic active surveillance of the causes of diarrhea in patients admitted to the infectious diseases and beliaghata general hospital in kolkata, india, we looked for 26 known gastrointestinal pathogens in fecal samples from 2,748 patients. samples from about one-third (29%) of the patients contained multiple pathogens. polymicrobial infections frequently contained vibrio cholerae o1 and rotavirus. when these agents were present, some co-infecting agents were found significantly less o ... | 2011 | 21470448 |
| recent clonal origin of cholera in haiti. | altered el tor vibrio cholerae o1, with classical cholera toxin b gene, was isolated from 16 patients with severe diarrhea at st. mark's hospital, arbonite, haiti, <3 weeks after onset of the current cholera epidemic. variable-number tandem-repeat typing of 187 isolates showed minimal diversity, consistent with a point source for the epidemic. | 2011 | 21470464 |
| phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of strains isolated from the cholera epidemic in zimbabwe. | this paper details the phenotypic, genotypic, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 88 vibrio cholerae strains from zimbabwe. of the 88 strains, 83 were classified as "altered el tor" and 5 as "hybrid el tor" strains. all of the strains were susceptible to tetracycline, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin by disc diffusion, but susceptibility to tetracycline and azithromycin diminished when observed using the mic method. | 2011 | 21471347 |
| dissemination of ndm-1 positive bacteria in the new delhi environment and its implications for human health: an environmental point prevalence study. | not all patients infected with ndm-1-positive bacteria have a history of hospital admission in india, and extended-spectrum β-lactamases are known to be circulating in the indian community. we therefore measured the prevalence of the ndm-1 gene in drinking water and seepage samples in new delhi. | 2011 | 21478057 |
| comparative pcr-based fingerprinting of vibrio cholerae isolated in malaysia. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is endemic in many parts of the world, especially in countries poor in resources. molecular subtyping of v. cholerae is useful to trace the regional spread of a clone or multidrug-resistant strains during outbreaks of cholera. current available pcr-based fingerprinting methods such as random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr, enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (eric)-pcr, and repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr wer ... | 2011 | 21478644 |
| vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera in haiti with implications for the developing world. | in october 2010, a virulent south asian strain of el tor cholera began to spread in haiti. interventions have included treatment of cases and improved sanitation. use of cholera vaccines would likely have further reduced morbidity and mortality, but such vaccines are in short supply and little is known about effective vaccination strategies for epidemic cholera. we use a mathematical cholera transmission model to assess different vaccination strategies. with limited vaccine quantities, concentra ... | 2011 | 21482756 |
| impact of rapid urbanization on the rates of infection by vibrio cholerae o1 and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in dhaka, bangladesh. | in bangladesh, increases in cholera epidemics are being documented with a greater incidence and severity. the aim of this prospective study was to identify the prevalence and importance of v. cholerae o1 and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) as causal agents of severe diarrhea in a high diarrhea prone urban area in dhaka city. | 2011 | 21483709 |
| c-di-gmp turn-over in clostridium difficile is controlled by a plethora of diguanylate cyclases and phosphodiesterases. | clostridium difficile infections have become a major healthcare concern in the last decade during which the emergence of new strains has underscored this bacterium's capacity to cause persistent epidemics. c-di-gmp is a bacterial second messenger regulating diverse bacterial phenotypes, notably motility and biofilm formation, in proteobacteria such as vibrio cholerae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella. c-di-gmp is synthesized by diguanylate cyclases (dgcs) that contain a conserved ggdef dom ... | 2011 | 21483756 |
| evaluation of a new chromogenic medium, chromid™ vibrio, for the isolation and presumptive identification of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus from human clinical specimens. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the chromid™ vibrio medium for the detection of vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus in stool and swab specimens in comparison with thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (tcbs) medium. a total of 96 samples including 30 fresh stool, 32 stool, and 34 swab specimens originating from routine laboratories were tested. all samples were seeded on both media, the tcbs medium and the chromid vibrio, directly and after an enrichment step on alk ... | 2011 | 21484255 |
| local mobile gene pools rapidly cross species boundaries to create endemicity within global vibrio cholerae populations. | vibrio cholerae represents both an environmental pathogen and a widely distributed microbial species comprised of closely related strains occurring in the tropical to temperate coastal ocean across the globe (colwell rr, science 274:2025-2031, 1996; griffith dc, kelly-hope la, miller ma, am. j. trop. med. hyg. 75:973-977, 2006; reidl j, klose ke, fems microbiol. rev. 26:125-139, 2002). however, although this implies dispersal and growth across diverse environmental conditions, how locally succes ... | 2011 | 21486909 |
| a mathematical model for adaptive prediction of environmental changes by microorganisms. | survival in natural habitats selects for microorganisms that are well-adapted to a wide range of conditions. recent studies revealed that cells evolved innovative response strategies that extend beyond merely sensing a given stimulus and responding to it on encounter. a diversity of microorganisms, including escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, and several yeast species, were shown to use a predictive regulation strategy that uses the appearance of one stimulus as a cue for the likely arrival of a ... | 2011 | 21487001 |
| two gene clusters co-ordinate for a functional n-acetylglucosamine catabolic pathway in vibrio cholerae. | pathogenic microorganisms like vibrio cholerae are capable of adapting to diverse living conditions, especially when they transit from their environmental reservoirs to human host. v. cholerae attaches to n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) residues in glycoproteins and lipids present in the intestinal epithelium and chitinous surface of zoo-phytoplanktons in the aquatic environment for its survival and colonization. glcnac utilization thus appears to be important for the pathogen to reach sufficient t ... | 2011 | 21488982 |
| unfolding distinguishes the vibrio cholerae cytolysin precursor from the mature form of the toxin. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is a potent cytolytic toxin that induces colloid osmotic lysis of its target eukaryotic cells by forming transmembrane oligomeric β-barrel channels. vcc is secreted by the bacteria as an inactive precursor (pro-vcc) and is subsequently activated by proteolytic removal of an n-terminal "pro-domain", thus generating the active form of the toxin (mature-vcc). earlier studies have indicated an intramolecular chaperone-like role of the pro-domain favoring efficient sec ... | 2011 | 21491932 |
| probing domain interactions in soluble guanylate cyclase. | eukaryotic nitric oxide (no) signaling involves modulation of cyclic gmp (cgmp) levels through activation of the soluble isoform of guanylate cyclase (sgc). sgc is a heterodimeric hemoprotein that contains a heme-nitric oxide and oxygen binding (h-nox) domain, a per/arnt/sim (pas) domain, a coiled-coil (cc) domain, and a catalytic domain. to evaluate the role of these domains in regulating the ligand binding properties of the heme cofactor of no-sensitive sgc, we constructed chimeras by swapping ... | 2011 | 21491957 |
| biosynthesis of a bacterial communication signal. | 2011 | 21491960 | |
| the curse of the pharaoh revisited: evolutionary bi-stability in environmentally transmitted pathogens. | ecology letters (2011) 14: 569-575 abstract: it is increasingly evident that for a number of high-profile pathogens, transmission involves both direct and environmental pathways. much of the distinguished evolutionary theory has, however, focused on each of transmission component separately. herein, we use the framework of adaptive dynamics to study the evolutionary consequences of mixed transmission. we find that environmental transmission can select for increased virulence when direct transmis ... | 2011 | 21496194 |
| functional characterization of an alkaline exonuclease and single strand annealing protein from the sxt genetic element of vibrio cholerae. | abstract: background: sxt is an integrating conjugative element (ice) originally isolated from vibrio cholerae, the bacterial pathogen that causes cholera. it houses multiple antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes on its ca. 100kb circular double stranded dna (dsdna) genome, and functions as an effective vehicle for the horizontal transfer of resistance genes within susceptible bacterial populations. here, we characterize the activities of an alkaline exonuclease (s066, sxt-exo) and single ... | 2011 | 21501469 |
| crystal structure of the vibrio cholerae cytolysin heptamer reveals common features among disparate pore-forming toxins. | pore-forming toxins (pfts) are potent cytolytic agents secreted by pathogenic bacteria that protect microbes against the cell-mediated immune system (by targeting phagocytic cells), disrupt epithelial barriers, and liberate materials necessary to sustain growth and colonization. produced by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria alike, pfts are released as water-soluble monomeric or dimeric species, bind specifically to target membranes, and assemble transmembrane channels leading to cell dama ... | 2011 | 21502531 |
| filamentous bacteriophage: biology, phage display and nanotechnology applications. | filamentous bacteriophage, long and thin filaments that are secreted from the host cells without killing them, have been an antithesis to the standard view of head-and-tail bacterial killing machines. episomally replicating filamentous phage ff of escherichia coli provide the majority of information about the principles and mechanisms of filamentous phage infection, episomal replication and assembly. chromosomally- integrated "temperate" filamentous phage have complex replication and integration ... | 2011 | 21502666 |
| horizontal gene transfers with or without cell fusions in all categories of the living matter. | this article reviews the history of widespread exchanges of genetic segments initiated over 3 billion years ago, to be part of their life style, by sphero-protoplastic cells, the ancestors of archaea, prokaryota, and eukaryota. these primordial cells shared a hostile anaerobic and overheated environment and competed for survival. "coexist with, or subdue and conquer, expropriate its most useful possessions, or symbiose with it, your competitor" remain cellular life's basic rules. this author emp ... | 2011 | 21506007 |
| association of cholera toxin with vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles which are internalized by human intestinal epithelial cells. | cholera toxin (ct) is the major virulence factor of pathogenic vibrio cholerae. the present study demonstrates that a fraction of ct is associated with the outer membrane vesicles (omvs) released by v. cholerae. atomic force microscopy (afm) and also transmission electron microscopy (tem) of purified omvs from toxigenic v. cholerae o395 revealed spherical shaped vesicles of size range 20-200nm. immunoblotting of purified omvs with polyclonal anti-ct antibody and gm1-ganglioside dependent elisa s ... | 2011 | 21510946 |
| genetic variation analysis of vibrio cholerae using multilocus sequencing typing and multi-virulence locus sequencing typing. | this paper describes the development and application of multilocus sequencing typing (mlst) and multi-virulence locus sequencing typing (mvlst) methods in determining the genetic variation and relatedness of 43 vibrio cholerae strains of different serogroups isolated from various sources in malaysia. the mlst assay used six housekeeping genes (dnae, lap, reca, gyrb, cat and gmd), while the mvlst assay incorporated three virulence genes (ctxab, tcpa and tcpi) and three virulence-associated genes ... | 2011 | 21511055 |
| larvicidal, antimicrobial and brine shrimp activities of extracts from cissampelos mucronata and tephrosia villosa from coast region, tanzania. | abstract: | 2011 | 21513544 |
| global stability for cholera epidemic models. | cholera is a water and food borne infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium, vibrio cholerae. its dynamics are highly complex owing to the coupling among multiple transmission pathways and different factors in pathogen ecology. although various mathematical models and clinical studies published in recent years have made important contribution to cholera epidemiology, our knowledge of the disease mechanism remains incomplete at present, largely due to the limited understanding of t ... | 2011 | 21513717 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some novel dicationic sulphonophanes. | the synthesis of some novel imidazole-based dicationic sulfonophanes incorporating various spacer units is described. all the sulphonophanes exhibit good antibacterial and antifungal activity against five bacterial strains bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholera, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris and human pathogenic fungus candida albicans. | 2011 | 21514980 |
| the physical basis of type 4 pilus-mediated microcolony formation by vibrio cholerae o1. | the vibrio cholerae toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) is a type 4b pilus that mediates bacterial microcolony formation, which is essential for intestinal colonization. structural analyses have defined a surface domain of the tcpa pilin subunit that is displayed repeatedly around the pilus filament surface and forms the molecular basis for pilus-pilus interactions required for microcolony formation. the physical attributes of this domain that lead to pilus-pilus association between bacteria are not ... | 2011 | 21527347 |
| epidemiology of rotavirus and cholera in children aged less than five years in rural bangladesh. | despite the known presence of rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in bangladesh, its prevalence, including records of hospitalization in rural health facilities, is largely unknown. in a systematic surveillance undertaken in two government-run rural health facilities, 457 children, aged less than five years, having acute watery diarrhoea, were studied between august 2005 and july 2007 to determine the prevalence of rotavirus. due to limited financial support, the surveillance of rotavirus was include ... | 2011 | 21528784 |
| the 2010 outbreak of cholera among workers of a jute mill in kolkata, west bengal, india. | on 10 march 2010, an outbreak of diarrhoeal disease was reported among workers of a jute mill in kolkata, west bengal, india. the cluster was investigated to identify the agent(s) and the source of infection and make recommendations. a suspected case of cholera was defined as having >3 loose watery stools in a 24-hour period and searched for case-patients in the workers' colony. the outbreak was described by time, place, and person, and a case-control study was conducted to identify the source o ... | 2011 | 21528785 |
| prevalence of sos-mediated control of integron integrase expression as an adaptive trait of chromosomal and mobile integrons. | abstract: | 2011 | 21529368 |
| multiplex pcr assay for identification of three major pathogenic vibrio spp., vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus. | a multiplex pcr assay was developed based on atpa-sequence diversification for molecular identification of 3 major pathogenic vibrio species: vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus. it specifically identified them from among 133 strains of various vibrio species and other genera, and was applicable for testing seawater, suggesting its usefulness. | 2011 | 21530641 |
| emergence of multiple drug resistance vibrio cholerae o1 in east delhi. | considering the changing geographical and temporal occurrence of vibrio cholerae, there is a continuing need to monitor the strain characteristics and antibiotic resistance patterns of this pathogen. the present study was conducted to document the changing biology of v. cholerae isolates in and around delhi, india, and the development of antibiotic resistance. | 2011 | 21537071 |
| on the emergence of atypical vibrio cholerae o1 el tor & cholera epidemic. | 2011 | 21537088 | |
| hybrid & el tor variant biotypes of vibrio cholerae o1 in thailand. | background & objectives : el tor vibrio cholerae o1 carrying ctxb c trait, so-called el tor variant that causes more severe symptoms than the prototype el tor strain, first detected in bangladesh was later shown to have emerged in india in 1992. subsequently, similar v. cholerae strains were isolated in other countries in asia and africa. thus, it was of interest to investigate the characteristics of v. cholerae o1 strains isolated chronologically (from 1986 to 2009) in thailand. methods: a tota ... | 2011 | 21537091 |
| rapid situation & response assessment of diarrhoea outbreak in a coastal district following tropical cyclone aila in india. | background & objectives : cyclone aila hit indian states on eastern coast on may 25, 2009. an investigation was conducted to examine if aila was responsible for increased reporting of diarrhoea cases from the district of east-medinipur in west bengal. identifying causative organisms for diarrhoea and assessing their antibiotic susceptibility profile were other objectives. methods: rapid situation and response assessment technique was employed to triangulate primary and secondary data collected t ... | 2011 | 21537092 |
| [environmental drivers of emergence and spreading of vibrio epidemics in south america.] | vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus are the two vibrio species with a major impact on human health. diseases caused by both pathogens are acquiring increasing relevance due to their expansion at global scale. in this paper, we resume the ecological aspects associated with the arrival and spreading of infections caused by v. parahaemolyticus and v. cholerae in peru from a south american perspective. moreover, we discuss the similarities in the emergence in peru of cholera cases in 1991 and v. ... | 2011 | 21537778 |
| [experiences in the epidemiological surveillance of foodborne pathogens by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) in peru.] | foodborne diseases and other enteric infections often occur as outbreaks and cause morbidity and mortality all over the world. in perú, they represent a serious public health problem, and are caused by a great variety of infectious agents. for epidemiological research, a wide array of typification methods are used. one of the most important tools for the molecular subtyping of bacterial pathogens is the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), which is a highly precise method that allows the dis ... | 2011 | 21537781 |
| [historical report: first isolation of vibrio cholera serogroup o1 biovar el tor serovar inaba during the cholerae epidemic in perú ‑ 1991.] | 20 years ago, a new diarrheal disease was introduced in peru and the enteropathogens reference laboratory of the instituto nacional de salud had an outstanding role in the isolation and rapid and timely identification of vibrio cholerae. cholera had not been seen before, but during the last week of january 1991 an outbreak of acute diarrhea was detected, presenting intense dehydration and some deaths. the epidemic affected, in the beginning, many locations of the peruvian coast. some working tea ... | 2011 | 21537782 |
| molecular characterization reveals involvement of altered el tor biotype vibrio cholerae o1 strains in cholera outbreak at hyderabad, india. | thirty-four vibrio cholerae isolates collected from a cholera outbreak in hyderabad, south india were found to belong to serogroup ol biotype el tor serotype ogawa. the genotype of all the isolates was confirmed by pcr assays. all the isolates were found pcr positive for ctxab, ompw, rflol, rtxc, and tcpa genes. all the isolates but one harboured rstr ( el tor ) allele. however, one isolate carried both rstr ( el tor ) as well as rstr ( classical ) alleles. cholera toxin (ctxb) genotyping of the ... | 2011 | 21538250 |
| mathematical analysis of a cholera model with public health interventions. | cholera, an acute gastro-intestinal infection and a waterborne disease continues to emerge in developing countries and remains an important global health challenge. we formulate a mathematical model that captures some essential dynamics of cholera transmission to study the impact of public health educational campaigns, vaccination and treatment as control strategies in curtailing the disease. the education-induced, vaccination-induced and treatment-induced reproductive numbers r(e), r(v), r(t) r ... | 2011 | 21540075 |
| the two faces of toxr: activator of ompu, co-regulator of toxt in vibrio cholerae. | toxr of vibrio cholerae directly activates the ompu promoter, but requires a second activator, tcpp to activate the toxt promoter. ompu encodes a porin, while toxt encodes the transcription factor, toxt, which activates v. cholerae virulence genes including cholera toxin and the toxin co-regulated pilus. using an ompu-sacb transcriptional fusion, toxr mutant alleles were identified that encode toxr molecules defective for ompu promoter activation. many toxr mutants defective for ompu activation ... | 2011 | 21542860 |
| fvba is required for vibriobactin utilization in pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacteria acquire iron through a highly specific mechanism involving iron chelating molecules termed siderophores. the gram-negative bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa can utilize siderophores produced by other microorganisms to facilitate iron uptake. here we show that a p. aeruginosa strain deficient in siderophore production can use the vibrio cholerae siderophore, vibriobactin, as an iron source. in addition, we identified a p. aeruginosa pa4156 gene (fvba) encoding a protein highly homologous ... | 2011 | 21546589 |
| demonstration of viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae o1 in fresh water environment of india using ciprofloxacin dfa-dvc method. | aim: to demonstrate the presence of culturable and nonculturable viable pathogenic vibrio cholerae o1 in fresh water environments of a cholera-endemic region in india. methods and results: conventional culture and ciprofloxacin dfa-dvc were utilized to investigate the existence of v. cholerae o1. we isolated pathogenic culturable v. cholerae o1 from water samples collected from cholera-affected areas. no culturable v. cholerae o1 was isolated from water and plankton samples from natural fresh ... | 2011 | 21554341 |
| vibrio cholerae requires the type vi secretion system virulence factor vasx to kill dictyostelium discoideum. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) is recognized as an important virulence mechanism in several gram-negative pathogens. in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, a minimum of three gene clusters-one main cluster and two auxiliary clusters-are required to form a functional t6ss apparatus capable of conferring virulence towards eukaryotic and prokaryotic hosts. despite an increasing understanding of the components that make up the t6ss apparatus, little is known a ... | 2011 | 21555399 |
| haiti's cholera outbreak. cholera linked to u.n. forces, but questions remain. | 2011 | 21566166 | |
| sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is an established nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. the lamp assay requires 12-18 min for amplification with a single colony on selective agar from cholera toxin (ct)-producing vibrio cholerae strains and less than 60 min with human feces and seafood samples. the assay requires less than 35 and 80 min for the detection of ct-producing v. cholerae with a colony on selective ... | 2011 | 21567314 |
| cys377 residue in nqrf subunit confers ag(+) sensitivity of na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio harveyi. | the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na+-nqr) is a component of the respiratory chain of various bacteria that generates a redox-driven transmembrane electrochemical na+ potential. the na+-nqr activity is known to be specifically inhibited by low concentrations of silver ions. replacement of the conserved cys377 residue with alanine in the nqrf subunit of na+-nqr from vibrio harveyi resulted in resistance of the enzyme to ag(+) and to other heavy metal ions. analysis of the catalyt ... | 2011 | 21568851 |
| dry-reagent gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor for the simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139. | cholera is a communicable disease caused by consumption of contaminated food and water. this potentially fatal intestinal infection is characterised by profuse secretion of rice watery stool that can rapidly lead to severe dehydration and shock, thus requiring treatment to be given immediately. epidemic and pandemic cholera are exclusively associated with vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139. in light of the need for rapid diagnosis of cholera and to prevent spread of outbreaks, we have develo ... | 2011 | 21571011 |
| energy-dependent stability of shewanella oneidensis mr-1 biofilms. | stability and resistance to dissolution are key features of microbial biofilms. how these macroscopic properties are determined by the physiological state of individual biofilm cells in their local physical-chemical and cellular environment is largely unknown. in order to obtain molecular and energetic insight into biofilm stability, we investigated whether maintenance of biofilm stability is an energy-dependent process and whether transcription and/or translation are required for biofilm dissol ... | 2011 | 21572002 |
| cholera epidemic in guinea-bissau (2008): the importance of "place". | as resources are limited when responding to cholera outbreaks, knowledge about where to orient interventions is crucial. we describe the cholera epidemic affecting guinea-bissau in 2008 focusing on the geographical spread in order to guide prevention and control activities. | 2011 | 21572530 |
| vaccination strategies to combat an infectious globe: oral cholera vaccines. | cholera is a substantial health burden in many countries in africa and asia, where it is endemic. it is as well responsible for ongoing epidemics in sub-saharan africa which are becoming greater in terms of frequency, extension, and duration. given the availability of two oral cholera vaccines and the new data on their efficacy, field effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptance in cholera-affected populations and in travelers, these vaccines should be used in endemic areas, in travelers for these ... | 2011 | 21572610 |
| [identification of vibrio mimicus bacteriophages]. | lysogeny was studied in vibrio mimicus; the indicator v. cholerae el tor strain was selected to identify phages. new v. mimicus phages were obtained and identified, which had a morphological similarity and an antigen affinity for morphological group i cholerae phages. phage differentiation revealed that morphological group i v. mimicus phages showed certain differences manifested as their lytic activity against v. cholerae strain 1322-69 of serovar 37 while this property was absent in cholerae p ... | 2011 | 21574461 |
| complete genome sequence of the marine fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum harboring the pjm1 virulence plasmid and genomic comparison with other virulent strains of v. anguillarum and v. ordalii. | we dissected the complete genome sequence of the o1 serotype v. anguillarum 775 (pjm1), and determined the draft genomic sequences of the plasmidless strains of serotype o1, 96f and o2β, rv22 and v. ordalii. all strains harbor two chromosomes but 775 also carries the virulence plasmid pjm1 that encodes the genes to produce anguibactin and cognate transport genes, one of the main virulence factors of v. anguillarum. genomic analysis identified eight genomic islands in chromosome 1 of v. anguillar ... | 2011 | 21576332 |
| suppressed induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a unique metabolite produced by vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype in cultured host cells. | vibrio cholerae o1 has two biotypes, el tor and classical, and the latter is now presumed to be extinct in nature. in carbohydrate-rich growth conditions, el tor biotype strains produce the neutral fermentation end product 2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd), which prevents accumulation of organic acids from mixed acid fermentation and thus avoids a lethal decrease in the medium ph, while the classical biotype strains fail to do the same. in this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 2,3-bd on the ... | 2011 | 21576340 |
| [water quality and personal hygiene in rural areas of senegal]. | the high prevalence of diarrhea in developing countries is mostly due to poor water quality and hygiene practices. the purpose of this study was to assess water quality as well as hygiene practices and their determinants in ngohé, i.e., a rural community (rc) in senegal. | 2011 | 21585090 |
| characterization of the single-stranded dna binding protein pv(vgjφ) of vgjφ phage from vibrio cholerae. | pv(vgjφ), a single-stranded dna binding protein of the vibriophage vgjφ was subject to biochemical analysis. here, we show that this protein has a general affinity for single-stranded dna (ssdna) as documented by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa). the apparent molecular weight of the monomer is about 12.7kda as measured by hplc-sec. moreover, isoelectrofocusing showed an isoelectric point for pv(vgjφ) of 6.82 ph units. size exclusion chromatography in 150mm nacl, 50mm sodium phosphate ... | 2011 | 21586349 |
| characters of homogentisate oxygenase gene mutation and high clonality of the natural pigment-producing vibrio cholerae strains. | abstract: background: some microorganisms can produce pigments such as melanin, which has been associated with virulence in the host and with a survival advantage in the environment. in vibrio cholerae, studies have shown that pigment-producing mutants are more virulent than the parental strain in terms of increased uv resistance, production of major virulence factors, and colonization. to date, almost all of the pigmented v. cholerae strains investigated have been induced by chemicals, culture ... | 2011 | 21592381 |
| role of a novel copper chelate in modulation of resistance by time and dose-dependent potential on the growth of tetracycline-resistant vibrio cholerae o1. | 2011 | 21596527 | |
| structure of the pilm-piln inner membrane type iv pilus biogenesis complex from thermus thermophilus. | type iv pili are surface-exposed filaments which extend from a variety of bacterial pathogens and play a major role in pathogenesis, motility and dna uptake. here we present the crystal structure of a complex between a cytoplasmic component of the type iv pilus biogenesis system from thermus thermophilus, pilm, in complex with a peptide derived from the cytoplasmic portion of the inner membrane protein piln. pilm also binds atp, and its structure is most similar to the actin-like protein ftsa. p ... | 2011 | 21596754 |
| in silico comparative study of the genomic islands of vibrio cholerae mj1236 with those of classical and el tor n16961 strains of vibrio cholerae. | the evolution of microbial genomes is greatly influenced by horizontal gene transfer (hgt), where large blocks of horizontally acquired foreign sequences, often encoding virulence determinants, occur in chromosomes of pathogenic bacteria. a program design-island developed in our laboratory was used on three completely sequenced vibrio cholerae genomes, v. cholerae classical o395, el tor n16961 and mj1236, in order to identify the putative horizontally acquired regions. the putative genomic islan ... | 2011 | 21599729 |
| [sialic acids and o-acetyl groups as markers of biological activity of microbial polysaccharides in plague and cholera agents]. | to determine sialic acids and o-acetyl groups content in yersinia pestis and vibrio cholerae antigens in order to establish their association with biological activity. | 2011 | 21604388 |
| [evaluation of toxin producing abilities of non-o1/non-o139 serogroup vibrio cholerae isolated from humans]. | determination of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae toxin (ct) gene expression by using eia, and biological effect of non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae supernatant on cell cultures evaluation. | 2011 | 21604389 |
| the vibrio cholerae type vi secretion system: evaluating its role in the human disease cholera. | vibrio cholerae, the marine bacterium responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera, utilizes a multitude of virulence factors to cause disease. the importance of two of these factors, the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) and cholera toxin (ct), has been well documented for pandemic o1 and epidemic o139 serogroups. in contrast, endemic non-o1 and non-o139 serogroups can cause localized outbreaks of cholera-like illness, often in the absence of tcp and ct. one virulence mechanism used by these stra ... | 2010 | 21607085 |
| the rocks and shallows of deep rna sequencing: examples in the vibrio cholerae rnome. | new deep rna sequencing methodologies in transcriptome analyses identified a wealth of novel nonprotein-coding rnas (npcrnas). recently, deep sequencing was used to delineate the small npcrna transcriptome of the human pathogen vibrio cholerae and 627 novel npcrna candidates were identified. here, we report the detection of 223 npcrna candidates in v. cholerae by different cdna library construction and conventional sequencing methods. remarkably, only 39 of the candidates were common to both sur ... | 2011 | 21610211 |
| toxin producing vibrio cholerae o75 outbreak, united states, march to april 2011. | 2011 | 21616048 | |
| isolation of microbial pathogens of subclinical mastitis from raw sheep's milk of epirus (greece) and their role in its hygiene. | the natural raw milk microflora is a factor that expresses its sensorial characteristics. the microbial charge into the mammary gland of healthy animal is low and the application of right and healthy conditions during milking and cheese making procedure, prevents from contaminating as well as maintains the natural microflora in order to lend the particular characteristics of milk. the purpose of the present project was the study of the total viable count (t.v.c.) and the count of total psychrotr ... | 2011 | 21620987 |
| modulation of the cd95-induced apoptosis: the role of cd95 n-glycosylation. | protein modifications of death receptor pathways play a central role in the regulation of apoptosis. it has been demonstrated that o-glycosylation of trail-receptor (r) is essential for sensitivity and resistance towards trail-mediated apoptosis. in this study we ask whether and how glycosylation of cd95 (fas/apo-1), another death receptor, influences disc formation and procaspase-8 activation at the cd95 disc and thereby the onset of apoptosis. we concentrated on n-glycostructure since o-glycos ... | 2011 | 21625644 |
| synthesis of the conjugation ready, downstream disaccharide fragment of the o-ps of vibrio cholerae o:139. | the linker-equipped disaccharide, 8-amino-3,6-dioxaoctyl 2,6-dideoxy-2-acetamido-3-o-β-d-galactopyranosyluronate-β-d-glucopyranoside (10), was synthesized in eight steps from acetobromogalactose and ethyl 4,6-o-benzylidene-2-deoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-1-thio-β-d-glucopyranoside. the hydroxyl group present at c-4(ii) in the last intermediate, 8-azido-3,6-dioxaoctyl 4-o-benzyl-6-bromo-2,6-dideoxy-2-trichloroacetamido-3-o-(benzyl 2,3-di-o-benzyl-β-d-galactopyranosyluronate)-β-d-glucopyranoside (9), ... | 2011 | 21641585 |
| developments in immunological technologies leading to improvements in point-of-care diagnostic testing. | 2011 | 21641940 | |
| temporal and spatial variability in culturable pathogenic vibrio spp. in lake pontchartrain, louisiana, usa, following hurricanes katrina and rita. | we investigated the abundance, distribution, and virulence gene content of v. cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus in the waters of southern lake pontchartrain in louisiana, usa, on four occasions from october 2005 to september 2006, using selective cultivation and molecular assays. the three, targeted pathogenic vibrios were generally below detection in january 2006 when the water was cold (13° c), and highest in september 2006 when lake water was warmest (30° c). the maximum values for ... | 2011 | 21642406 |
| recognition of dna by the helix-turn-helix global regulatory protein lrp is modulated by the amino terminus. | the asnc/lrp family of regulatory proteins links bacterial and archaeal transcription patterns to metabolism. in escherichia coli lrp regulates approximately 400 genes, over 200 of them directly. in earlier studies, lrp genes from vibrio cholerae, proteus mirabilis, and e. coli were introduced into the same e. coli background, and yielded overlapping but significantly different regulons. these differences were seen despite amino acid sequence identities of 92% (vibrio) and 98% (proteus) to e. co ... | 2011 | 21642464 |
| the prevalence of functional quorum-sensing systems in recently emerged vibrio cholerae toxigenic strains. | vibrio cholerae live in aquatic environments and cause cholera disease. like many other bacteria, v. cholerae use quorum-sensing (qs) systems to control various cellular functions, such as pathogenesis and biofilm formation. however, some v. cholerae strains are naturally qs-defective, including defective mutations in the quorum sensing master regulator hapr. here we examined the qs functionality of 602 v. cholerae clinical and environmental strains isolated in china from 1960-2007, by measuring ... | 2011 | 21643457 |