Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| vibrio cholerae o1 in 2 coastal villages, papua new guinea. | 2011 | 21192890 | |
| an atomic force microscopy method for the detection of binding forces between bacteria and a lipid bilayer containing higher order gangliosides. | we developed an atomic force microscopy (afm) method to determine the binding forces between a model cell wall plasma membrane and vibrio cholerae. v. cholerae cells were covalently attached to afm probes and forces were determined against a lipid bilayer containing sialic acid (n-acetylneuraminic acid) molecules as well as several control surfaces. | 2010 | 21192989 |
| mechanism of vibrio cholerae autoinducer-1 biosynthesis. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera, uses a cell to cell communication process called quorum sensing to control biofilm formation and virulence factor production. the major v. cholerae quorum-sensing signal cai-1 has been identified as (s)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one, and the cqsa protein is required for cai-1 production. however, the biosynthetic route to cai-1 remains unclear. here we report that (s)-adenosylmethionine (sam) is one of the two biosynthetic substrates for cqs ... | 2011 | 21197957 |
| a dominant-negative approach that prevents diphthamide formation confers resistance to pseudomonas exotoxin a and diphtheria toxin. | diphtheria toxin (dt), pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin a (eta) and cholix toxin from vibrio cholerae share the same mechanism of toxicity; these enzymes adp-rybosylate elongation factor-2 (ef-2) on a modified histidine residue called diphthamide, leading to a block in protein synthesis. mutant chinese hamster ovary cells that are defective in the formation of diphthamide have no distinct phenotype except their resistance to dt and eta. these observations led us to predict that a strategy that pr ... | 2010 | 21203470 |
| vibrio cholerae beats the competition. | 2011 | 21204303 | |
| quaternary structure of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase membrane complex and mechanistic relationships to pyruvate carboxylases. | the oxaloacetate decarboxylase primary na(+) pump (oad) is an essential membrane protein complex that functions in the citrate fermentation pathway of some pathogenic bacteria under anaerobic conditions. oad contains three different subunits: oad-α, a biotinylated extrinsic protein that catalyzes the α-ketodecarboxylation of oxaloacetate; oad-γ, a structural bitopic membrane protein whose cytosolic tail (named as oad-γ') binds tightly to oad-α; and oad-β, a multispan transmembrane α-helical prot ... | 2011 | 21209096 |
| oligomerization of epse coordinates residues from multiple subunits to facilitate atpase activity. | epse is an atpase that powers transport of cholera toxin and hydrolytic enzymes through the type ii secretion (t2s) apparatus in the gram-negative bacterium, vibrio cholerae. on the basis of structures of homologous type ii/iv secretion atpases and our biochemical data, we believe that epse is active as an oligomer, likely a hexamer, and the binding, hydrolysis, and release of nucleotide cause epse to undergo dynamic structural changes, thus converting chemical energy to mechanical work, ultimat ... | 2011 | 21209100 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae o139 belonging to multiple ribotypes and isolated from diarrhoeal patients in kerala, southern india. | twenty-four vibrio cholerae o139 strains isolated from kerala, southern india were characterized by pcr, ctx typing and ribotyping; all of which, except three strains, carried the core of the ctx genetic element, colonization-toxin co-regulated pilus, the adherence outer membrane protein, haemolysin, central regulatory protein encoded toxr, sxt genetic element, and produced cholera toxin and biofilm. results of rflp analysis revealed twenty-one of the o139 strains possess two copies of ctxφ and ... | 2011 | 21211572 |
| the dawn of medical microbiology: germ hunters and the discovery of the cause of cholera. | 2011 | 21212146 | |
| classical ctxb gene in vibrio cholerae o1 and o56 serogroups from kerala, south india. | 2011 | 21212148 | |
| habitat availability mediates chironomid density-dependent oviposition. | knowledge of density-dependent processes and how they are mediated by environmental factors is critically important for understanding population and community ecology of insects, as well as for mitigating harmful insect-borne diseases. here, we tested whether the oviposition of chironomids (diptera: chironomidae; non-biting midges), known to carry the cholera pathogen vibrio cholerae, is density dependent and if it is mediated by habitat availability. we used two multiple choice experiments in h ... | 2011 | 21212984 |
| [molecular subtyping of vibrio cholerae isolates from outbreaks of cholera by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in hainan in 2008]. | to analyze the molecular characteristics and genetic correlations of vibrio cholerae islolates in hainan in 2008, so as to provide pathogenic proof to diagnose the plague. | 2010 | 21215108 |
| [epidemic condition and biological characteristics of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae in haizhu district of guangzhou]. | to understand the epidemic condition, distribution and biological characteristics of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae from 2001 to 2009 in haizhu district, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of acute diarrhea. | 2010 | 21215109 |
| bacterial diseases of crabs: a review. | bacterial diseases of crabs are manifested as bacteremias caused by organisms such as vibrio, aeromonas, and a rhodobacteriales-like organism or tissue and organ tropic organisms such as chitinoclastic bacteria, rickettsia intracellular organisms, chlamydia-like organism, and spiroplasma. this paper provides general information about bacterial diseases of both marine and freshwater crabs. some bacteria pathogens such as vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus occur commonly in blue crab haemolymph ... | 2011 | 21215353 |
| preparation, spectroscopy, exafs, electrochemistry and pharmacology of new ruthenium(ii) carbonyl complexes containing ferrocenylthiosemicarbazone and triphenylphosphine/arsine. | a new series of new hetero-bimetallic complexes containing iron and ruthenium of the general formula [rucl(co)(b)(eph3)(l)] (where e=p or as; b=pph3, asph3, py or pip; l=ferrocene derived monobasic bidentate thiosemicarbazone ligand) have been synthesized by the reaction between ferrocene-derived thiosemicarbazones and ruthenium(ii) complexes of the type [ruhcl(co)(b)(eph3)2] (where e=p or as; b=pph3, asph3, py or pip). the new complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, ir, electro ... | 2010 | 21216187 |
| new insights into the signaling mechanism of the ph-responsive, membrane-integrated transcriptional activator cadc of escherichia coli. | the membrane-integrated transcriptional regulator cadc of escherichia coli activates expression of the cadba operon at low external ph with concomitantly available lysine, providing adaptation to mild acidic stress. cadc is a representative of the toxr-like proteins that combine sensory, signal transduction, and dna-binding activities within a single polypeptide. although several toxr-like regulators such as cadc, as well as the main regulator of vibrio cholerae virulence, toxr itself, which act ... | 2011 | 21216950 |
| aqueous synthesis of znte/dendrimer nanocomposites and their antimicrobial activity: implications in therapeutics. | the present strategy proposes a simple and single step aqueous route for synthesizing stable, fluorescent znte/dendrimer nanocomposites with varying dendrimer terminal groups. in these hybrid materials, the fluorescence of the semiconductor combines with the biomimetic properties of the dendrimer making them suitable for various biomedical applications. the znte nanocomposites thus obtained demonstrate bactericidal activity against enteropathogenic bacteria without having toxic effects on the hu ... | 2011 | 21218228 |
| signal production and detection specificity in vibrio cqsa/cqss quorum-sensing systems. | quorum sensing is a process of bacterial cell-cell communication that enables populations of cells to carry out behaviours in unison. quorum sensing involves detection of the density-dependent accumulation of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers that elicit population-wide changes in gene expression. in vibrio species, cqss is a membrane-bound histidine kinase that acts as the receptor for the cai-1 autoinducer which is produced by the cqsa synthase. in vibrio cholerae, cai-1 is (s ... | 2011 | 21219472 |
| enterotoxigenicity screening of viable environmental vibrio cholerae strains from rainwater pools in a university campus in chennai, south india. | vibrio spp., being primarily inhabitants of the aquatic environment, pose a severe health threat to humans. this problem is escalated in developing countries where water-logging after rainfall is very common. therefore, screening of environmental water samples for the presence of clinically important species of vibrio becomes essential. | 2011 | 21231812 |
| structure of the o-polysaccharide of vibriocholerae o43 containing a new monosaccharide derivative, 4-(n-acetyl-l-allothreonyl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose. | the o-polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o43 was studied using chemical analyses, triflic acid solvolysis and 2d nmr spectroscopy, including (1)h/(1)h cosy, tocsy, noesy and (1)h/(13)c gradient-selected hsqc experiments. the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established: →3)-β-d-quip4nacyl-(1→3)-α-d-galpnaca-(1→4)-α-d-galpnac-(1→3)-α-d-quipnac-(1→ where d-quinac stands for 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-d-glucose, d-qui4nacyl for 4-(n-acetyl-l-allothreon ... | 2010 | 21232736 |
| vibrio parahaemolyticus, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae. | this review highlighted the following: (i) pathogenic mechanism of the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by vibrio parahaemolyticus, especially on its cardiotoxicity, (ii) heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, especially structure-activity relationship of heat-stable enterotoxin, (iii) rna n-glycosidase activity of vero toxins (vt1 and vt2) produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, (iv) discovery of vibrio cholerae o139, (v) iso ... | 2011 | 21233598 |
| computational modeling of differences in the quorum sensing induced luminescence phenotypes of vibrio harveyi and vibrio cholerae. | vibrio harveyi and vibrio cholerae have quorum sensing pathways with similar design and highly homologous components including multiple small rnas (srnas). however, the associated luminescence phenotypes of strains with srna deletions differ dramatically: in v. harveyi, the srnas act additively; however, in v. cholerae, the srnas act redundantly. furthermore, there are striking differences in the luminescence phenotypes for different pathway mutants in v. harveyi and v. cholerae. however, these ... | 2011 | 21237177 |
| structure of the minor pseudopilin xcpw from the pseudomonas aeruginosa type ii secretion system. | pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the type ii secretion machinery to transport virulence factors through the outer membrane into the extracellular space. five proteins in the type ii secretion system share sequence homology with pilin subunits of type iv pili and are called the pseudopilins. the major pseudopilin xcpt(g) assembles into an intraperiplasmic pilus and is thought to act in a piston-like manner to push substrates through an outer membrane secretin. the other four minor pseudopilins, xc ... | 2011 | 21245534 |
| an image-based 384-well high-throughput screening method for the discovery of biofilm inhibitors in vibrio cholerae. | bacterial biofilms are assemblages of bacterial cells and extracellular matrix that result in the creation of surface-associated macrocolony formation. most bacteria are capable of forming biofilms under suitable conditions. biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria on medical implant devices has been linked to implant rejection in up to 10% of cases, due to biofilm-related secondary infections. in addition, biofilm formation has been implicated in both bacterial persistence and antibiotic resist ... | 2011 | 21246108 |
| emergence and progression of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variants and progenitor strains of mozambique variants in kolkata, india. | analysis of 75 vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated from hospitalized patients in kolkata from 1989 to 1994 revealed the existence of true el tor along with el tor variants that possessed the classical allele of ctxb (ctxb(cl)) in strains having an el tor backbone. based on the existence of different combinations of ctxb and rstr alleles and their localization sites in the genome, these strains were classified into multiple genetic groups. of 75 clinical strains, 11 were identified as non-toxigen ... | 2011 | 21247801 |
| mucosal immunologic responses in cholera patients in bangladesh. | vibrio cholerae o1 causes dehydrating diarrhea with a high mortality rate if untreated. the infection also elicits long-term protective immunity. since v. cholerae is noninvasive, mucosal immunity is likely important for protection. in this study, we compared humoral immune responses in the duodenal mucosa and blood of cholera patients at different time points after the onset of disease and compared them with those of healthy controls (hcs). immune responses to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and the r ... | 2011 | 21248157 |
| antibiotic resistance mechanisms of vibrio cholerae. | as the causative agent of cholera, the bacterium vibrio cholerae represents an enormous public health burden, especially in developing countries around the world. cholera is a self-limiting illness; however, antibiotics are commonly administered as part of the treatment regimen. here we review the initial identification and subsequent evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains of v. cholerae. antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including efflux pumps, spontaneous chromosomal mutation, conjugative p ... | 2011 | 21252269 |
| salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a are avirulent in newborn and infant mice even when expressing virulence plasmid genes of salmonella typhimurium. | salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a are human host-restricted pathogens. therefore, there is no small susceptible animal host that can be used to assess the virulence and safety of vaccine strains derived from these salmonella serovars. however, infant mice have been used to evaluate virulence and colonization by another human host-restricted pathogen, vibrio cholerae. | 2010 | 21252450 |
| remodelling of the vibrio cholerae membrane by incorporation of exogenous fatty acids from host and aquatic environments. | the gram-negative bacteria vibrio cholerae poses significant public health concerns by causing an acute intestinal infection afflicting millions of people each year. v. cholerae motility, as well as virulence factor expression and outer membrane protein production, has been shown to be affected by bile. the current study examines the effects of bile on v. cholerae phospholipids. bile exposure caused significant alterations to the phospholipid profile of v. cholerae but not of other enteric patho ... | 2010 | 21255114 |
| in vivo cross-linking of epsg to epsl suggests a role for epsl as an atpase-pseudopilin coupling protein in the type ii secretion system of vibrio cholerae. | the type ii secretion system is a multi-protein complex that spans the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria and promotes the secretion of proteins, including several virulence factors. this system is homologous to the type iv pilus biogenesis machinery and contains five proteins, epsg-k, termed the pseudopilins that are structurally homologous to the type iv pilins. the major pseudopilin epsg has been proposed to form a pilus-like structure in an energy-dependent process that requires the atp ... | 2011 | 21255118 |
| participation of chromosome segregation protein parai of vibrio cholerae in chromosome replication. | vibrio cholerae carries homologs of plasmid-borne para and parb genes on both of its chromosomes. the par genes help to segregate many plasmids and chromosomes. here we have studied the par genes of v. cholerae chromosome i. earlier studies suggested that parbi binds to the centromeric site parsi near the origin of replication (orii), and parsi-parbi complexes are placed at the cell poles by parai. deletion of parai and parsi caused the origin-proximal dna to be less polar. here we found that de ... | 2011 | 21257772 |
| vgjphi integration and excision mechanisms contribute to the genetic diversity of vibrio cholerae epidemic strains. | most strains of vibrio cholerae are not pathogenic or cause only local outbreaks of gastroenteritis. acquisition of the capacity to produce the cholera toxin results from a lysogenic conversion event due to a filamentous bacteriophage, ctx. two v. cholerae tyrosine recombinases that normally serve to resolve chromosome dimers, xerc and xerd, promote ctx integration by directly recombining the ssdna genome of the phage with the dimer resolution site of either or both v. cholerae chromosomes. this ... | 2011 | 21262799 |
| nod-like receptor activation by outer membrane vesicles from vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139 strains is modulated by the quorum-sensing regulator hapr. | vibrio cholerae is an inhabitant of aquatic systems and one of the causative agents of severe dehydrating diarrhea in humans. it has also emerged as an important cause of different kinds of inflammatory responses, and in particular, v. cholerae strains of the non-o1 non-o139 serogroups (novc) have been associated with such infections in human. we analyzed the potential of outer membrane vesicles (omvs) derived from the novc strain v:5/04 to induce inflammatory responses in human host cells. v:5/ ... | 2011 | 21263023 |
| nuclear factor translocation and acute anterior uveitis. | to investigate the roles of activation of macrophages isolated from c3h/hen and c3h/hej mice and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (lps), and toll-like receptor 4-mediated signal transduction in the development of acute anterior uveitis. | 2011 | 21264236 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of vibrio cholerae clinically isolated in surabaya, indonesia. | the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of 6 clinical strains of vibrio cholerae isolated in surabaya, indonesia in 2009 were examined. the dna fingerprints obtained suggested that these isolates were not from a single clone. furthermore, all isolates produced cholera toxin and possessed the classical type of toxin b subunit gene, thus meaning that this is the first report of the occurrence of el tor variants of v. cholerae in indonesia. although all isolates were sensitive to almost all an ... | 2011 | 21266749 |
| coral-mucus-associated vibrio integrons in the great barrier reef: genomic hotspots for environmental adaptation. | integron cassette arrays in a dozen cultivars of the most prevalent group of vibrio isolates obtained from mucus expelled by a scleractinian coral (pocillopora damicornis) colony living on the great barrier reef were sequenced and compared. although all cultivars showed >99% identity across reca, pyrh and rpob genes, no two had more than 10% of their integron-associated gene cassettes in common, and some individuals shared cassettes exclusively with distantly-related members of the genus. of cas ... | 2011 | 21270840 |
| epidemiology. despite sensitivities, scientists seek to solve haiti's cholera riddle. | 2011 | 21273460 | |
| complex binding of the fabr repressor of bacterial unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis to its cognate promoters. | two transcriptional regulators, the fadr activator and the fabr repressor, control biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in escherichia coli. fabr represses expression of the two genes, faba and fabb, required for unsaturated fatty acid synthesis and has been reported to require the presence of an unsaturated thioester (of either acyl carrier protein or coa) in order to bind the faba and fabb promoters in vitro. we report in vivo experiments in which unsaturated fatty acid synthesis was blocke ... | 2011 | 21276098 |
| icevchind5 is prevalent in epidemic vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains isolated in india. | integrative conjugative elements (ices) of the sxt/r391 family are self-transmissible mobile elements mainly involved in antibiotic resistance spread among ?-proteobacteria, including vibrio cholerae. we demonstrated that the recently described icevchind5 is prevailing in v. cholerae o1 clinical strains isolated in wardha province (maharashtra, india) from 1994 to 2005. genetic characterization by ribotyping and multiple-locus ssr analysis proved the same clonal origin for v. cholerae o1 isolate ... | 2011 | 21276749 |
| liver abscess due to non-o1 vibrio cholerae in a cirrhotic patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. | 2011 | 21281673 | |
| identification of vibrio cholerae type iii secretion system effector proteins. | am-19226 is a pathogenic o39 serogroup vibrio cholerae strain that lacks the typical virulence factors for colonization (toxin-coregulated pilus [tcp]) and toxin production (cholera toxin [ct]) and instead encodes a type iii secretion system (t3ss). the mechanism of pathogenesis is unknown, and few effector proteins have been identified. we therefore undertook a survey of the open reading frames (orfs) within the ~49.7-kb t3ss genomic island to identify potential effector proteins. we identified ... | 2011 | 21282418 |
| use of ompu porins for attachment and invasion of crassostrea gigas immune cells by the oyster pathogen vibrio splendidus. | ompu porins are increasingly recognized as key determinants of pathogenic host vibrio interactions. although mechanisms remain incompletely understood, various species, including the human pathogen vibrio cholera, require ompu for host colonization and virulence. we have shown previously that ompu is essential for virulence in the oyster pathogen vibrio splendidus lgp32. here, we showed that v. splendidus lgp32 invades the oyster immune cells, the hemocytes, through subversion of host-cell actin ... | 2011 | 21282662 |
| a multipathogen selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of salmonella spp., vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio cholerae. | a selective enrichment broth (svv) was formulated to allow concurrent growth of salmonella spp., v. parahaemolyticus, and v. cholerae. potassium tellurite and sodium citrate were added as the inhibitors, while glucose, mannitol, anhydrous sodium sulfite and sodium pyruvate were employed as the growth-promoters. when mixed in equal or varied proportions, the target pathogens in svv had a great accumulation (10(5)-10(8) cfu/ml) and effectively inhibited the growth of competitive microflora. in the ... | 2010 | 21282902 |
| characterization of a mutant escherichia coli heat-labile toxin, lt(r192g/l211a), as a safe and effective oral adjuvant. | despite the fact that the adjuvant properties of the heat-labile enterotoxins of escherichia coli (lt) and vibrio cholerae (ct) have been known for more than 20 years, there are no available oral vaccines containing these molecules as adjuvants, primarily because they are both very potent enterotoxins. a number of attempts with various degrees of success have been made to reduce or eliminate the enterotoxicity of lt and ct so they can safely be used as oral adjuvants or immunogens. in this repor ... | 2011 | 21288994 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives. | thiosemicarbazones of p-aminobenzoic acid (paba) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. hydroxamate derivatives 4a-4l were found to have better antimicrobial and anticancer activity than their acid counterpart. compound 4d was found to have good antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and bacillus subtilis with ic(50) value of about 1 µm. compound 4f showed potent antifungal activity aga ... | 2010 | 21290424 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new n-substituted quinoline derivatives of 1h-pyrazole. | a new series of 32 derivatives of 4-pyrazolyl-n-(hetero)arylquinoline 5a-p and 6a-p were synthesized by a one-pot base-catalyzed cyclocondensation reaction of 1-phenyl-3-(hetero)aryl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde 1a-h, malononitrile 2, and 3-(hetero)aryl-5,5-disubstitutedcyclohex-2-enone 3a-b or 4a-b, respectively. all the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, ft-ir, (1) h-nmr, and (13) c-nmr spectral data. all the synthesized compounds were screened, against six bacterial pa ... | 2010 | 21290425 |
| alanine-scanning mutagenesis of selected residues in the n-terminal region alters the functionality of luxo: lessons from a natural variant luxopl91. | 2011 | 21292858 | |
| bullous cellulitis in cirrhotic patients--a rare but life-threatening infection caused by non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae bacteraemia. | 2011 | 21292862 | |
| antimicrobial resistance surveillance of vibrio cholerae in thailand from 2000 to 2004. | to study the trends of antimicrobial resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae in thailand between 2000 and 2004. | 2009 | 21294503 |
| presence of qnrvc3 gene cassette in sxt and class 1 integrons of vibrio cholerae. | 2011 | 21295446 | |
| the genus listonella macdonell and colwell 1986 is a later heterotypic synonym of the genus vibrio pacini 1854 (approved lists 1980) - a taxonomic opinion. | we analyzed the taxonomic position of the genus listonella based on phylogenetic, genomic and phenotypic data. the species of the genus listonella were nested within the genus vibrio according to the 16s rrna-based phylogenetic tree. the closest neighbor of vibrio listonella) anguillarum (lmg4437t and atcc 68554=775) was vibrio ordalii (lmg 13544t) with more than 99.5 % gene sequence similarity. furthermore, v. (listonella) pelagius is highly related to vibrio splendidus. according to average am ... | 2011 | 21296930 |
| antibacterial activity of thai medicinal plants pikutbenjakul. | bacterial infections caused by resistant strains have been increased dramatically. pikutbenjakul, a thai medicinal plant formula containing piper longum, piper sarmentosum, piper interruptum, plumbago indica and zingiber officinale have been widely used in thai traditional medicine. | 2010 | 21298838 |
| vibrio cholerae triggers sos and mutagenesis in response to a wide range of antibiotics: a route towards multiresistance. | antibiotic resistance development has been linked to the bacterial sos stress response. in escherichia coli, fluoroquinolones are known to induce sos, whereas other antibiotics, such as aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, do not. here we address whether various antibiotics induce sos in vibrio cholerae. reporter green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusions were used to measure the response of sos-regulated promoters to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. we show that unlike t ... | 2011 | 21300836 |
| evidence of a dominant lineage of vibrio cholerae-specific lytic bacteriophages shed by cholera patients over a 10-year period in dhaka, bangladesh. | lytic bacteriophages are hypothesized to contribute to the seasonality and duration of cholera epidemics in bangladesh. however, the bacteriophages contributing to this phenomenon have yet to be characterized at a molecular genetic level. in this study, we isolated and sequenced the genomes of 15 bacteriophages from stool samples from cholera patients spanning a 10-year surveillance period in dhaka, bangladesh. our results indicate that a single novel bacteriophage type, designated icp1 (for the ... | 2011 | 21304168 |
| a strategy for neuraminidase inhibitors using mechanism-based labeling information. | a potent inhibitor for vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (vcna) was developed by using a novel two-step strategy, a target amino acid validation using mechanism-based labeling information, and a potent inhibitor search using a focused library. the labeling information suggested the hidden dynamics of a loop structure of vcna, which can be a potential target of the novel inhibitor. a focused library composed of 187 compounds was prepared from a 9-azide derivative of 2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic aci ... | 2011 | 21305698 |
| microtiter dish biofilm formation assay. | biofilms are communities of microbes attached to surfaces, which can be found in medical, industrial and natural settings. in fact, life in a biofilm probably represents the predominate mode of growth for microbes in most environments. mature biofilms have a few distinct characteristics. biofilm microbes are typically surrounded by an extracellular matrix that provides structure and protection to the community. microbes growing in a biofilm also have a characteristic architecture generally compr ... | 2011 | 21307833 |
| gene reading steps up a gear. | 2011 | 21307910 | |
| [identification of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139 by monoclonal antibodies in the slide agglutination test]. | the agglutinating properties of mca-o1 of the igg class and mca-o139 of the igm class towards epitopes of o-antigen of vibrio cholerae o1 and accordingly vibrio cholerae o139 were studied. the ascitic and cultural fluids by hybridomas f8g12 and d11 deposited in the specialized collection of cell cultures of vertebrates (saint petersburg) under rkkk (ii) 386 d and rkkk (ii) 674 d were the sources of monoclonal immunoglobulins. the advantage of diagnostic monoclonal immunoglobulins is that they ar ... | 2010 | 21313756 |
| mixed infections of vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa el tor with shigella dysenteriae. | mixed infections caused by enteric pathogens such as bacteria, virus, protozoa and helminthes were reported in different literatures. this report also describes the co-infections caused by vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa el tor with shigella dysenteriae in a patient. a 36-year-old man was admitted in fatemeh zahra hospital of bushehr iran with fever, vomiting and dysentery. his stool sample was cultured, for identification purposes tcbs, xld and other media were used. v. cholerae and s. dysenteriae wer ... | 2010 | 21313886 |
| in situ grazing resistance of vibrio cholerae in the marine environment. | previous laboratory experiments revealed that vibrio cholerae a1552 biofilms secrete an antiprotozoal factor that prevents rhynchomonas nasuta from growing and thus prevents grazing losses. the antiprotozoal factor is regulated by the quorum-sensing response regulator, hapr. here, we investigate whether the antiprotozoal activity is ecologically relevant. experiments were conducted in the field as well as under field-like conditions in the laboratory to assess the grazing resistance of v. choler ... | 2011 | 21314704 |
| genetic diversity of o-antigen biosynthesis regions in vibrio cholerae. | o-antigen biosynthetic (wbf) regions for vibrio cholerae serogroups o5, o8, and o108 were isolated and sequenced. sequences were compared to those of other published v. cholerae o-antigen regions. these wbf regions showed a high degree of heterogeneity both in gene content and in gene order. genes identified frequently showed greater similarities to polysaccharide biosynthesis genes from species other than v. cholerae. our results demonstrate the plasticity of o-antigen genes in v. cholerae, the ... | 2011 | 21317260 |
| identification of a chitin-induced small rna that regulates translation of the tfox gene, encoding a positive regulator of natural competence in vibrio cholerae. | the tfox (also called sxy) gene product is the central regulator of dna uptake in the naturally competent bacteria haemophilus influenzae and vibrio cholerae. however, the mechanisms regulating tfox gene expression in both organisms are poorly understood. our previous studies revealed that in v. cholerae, chitin disaccharide (glcnac)2 is needed to activate the transcription and translation of v. cholerae tfox (tfox(vc)) to induce natural competence. in this study, we screened a multicopy library ... | 2011 | 21317321 |
| apha and luxr/hapr reciprocally control quorum sensing in vibrios. | bacteria cycle between periods when they perform individual behaviors and periods when they perform group behaviors. these transitions are controlled by a cell-cell communication process called quorum sensing, in which extracellular signal molecules, called autoinducers (ais), are released, accumulate, and are synchronously detected by a group of bacteria. ai detection results in community-wide changes in gene expression, enabling bacteria to collectively execute behaviors such as bioluminescenc ... | 2011 | 21325136 |
| infectious diarrhea: cellular and molecular mechanisms. | diarrhea caused by enteric infections is a major factor in morbidity and mortality worldwide. an estimated 2-4 billion episodes of infectious diarrhea occur each year and are especially prevalent in infants. this review highlights the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diarrhea associated with the three classes of infectious agents, i.e., bacteria, viruses and parasites. several bacterial pathogens have been chosen as model organisms, including vibrio cholerae as a classical example of ... | 2010 | 21327112 |
| the vibrio cholerae vars/vara two-component system controls the expression of virulence proteins through toxt regulation. | although the conditions for inducing virulence protein expression in vitro are different, both classical and el tor biotypes of vibrio cholerae have been reported to regulate the expression of virulence proteins such as cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) through the toxr/s/t system. the transcription activator toxr responds to environmental stimuli such as ph and temperature and activates the second transcriptional regulator toxt, which upregulates expression of virulence protei ... | 2011 | 21330435 |
| subcutaneous and intranasal immunization with stx2b-tir-stx1b-zot reduces colonization and shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7 in mice. | the type iii secretion system of escherichia coli o157:h7 is involved in colonization of mammalian hosts by the organism. the translocated intimin receptor (tir) is inserted into the mammalian host cell plasma membrane in a hairpin loop topology with the central loop of the molecule exposed to the host cell surface and accessible for interaction with an lee-encoded bacterial outer membrane adhesin called intimin. shiga toxin type 1 and 2 produced by e. coli o157:h7 are responsible for hemolytic ... | 2011 | 21338683 |
| age specific aetiological agents of diarrhoea in hospitalized children aged less than five years in dar es salaam, tanzania. | this study aimed to determine the age-specific aetiologic agents of diarrhoea in children aged less than five years. the study also assessed the efficacy of the empiric treatment of childhood diarrhoea using integrated management of childhood illness (imci) guidelines. | 2011 | 21345186 |
| antigen-specific memory b-cell responses in bangladeshi adults after one- or two-dose oral killed cholera vaccination and comparison with responses in patients with naturally acquired cholera. | the mediators of protective immunity against cholera are currently unknown, but memory b-cell responses may play a central role in facilitating long-term and anamnestic responses against vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera. we compared memory b-cell responses in adults with natural cholera in bangladesh (n = 70) to responses in bangladeshi adults after one-dose (n = 30) or two-dose (n = 30) administration of an oral killed cholera vaccine, wc-rbs (dukoral; crucell), assessing the responses at ... | 2011 | 21346055 |
| mannose-containing oligosaccharides of non-specific human secretory immunoglobulin a mediate inhibition of vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. | the role of antigen-specific secretory iga (siga) has been studied extensively, whereas there is a limited body of evidence regarding the contribution of non-specific siga to innate immune defenses against invading pathogens. in this study, we evaluated the effects of non-specific siga against infection with vibrio cholerae o139 strain mo10 and biofilm formation. seven day old infant mice deficient in iga (iga(-/-) mice) displayed significantly greater intestinal mo10 burden at 24 hr post-challe ... | 2011 | 21347387 |
| waterborne cholera outbreak following cyclone aila in sundarban area of west bengal, india, 2009. | following cyclone aila, a block of sundarban area, west bengal, india, reported an increased number of diarrhoea cases at the end of may 2009. this study was performed to identify the agent and source of the outbreak as well as to propose control measures. the outbreak is described by time, place and person. a matched case-control study was conducted and rectal swabs and water specimens were collected. in total, 1076 probable case patients and 14 deaths (attack rate 44/10 000) were identified. v ... | 2011 | 21353273 |
| genetic detoxification of bacterial toxins. | several pathogens, such as corynebacterium diphtheriae, clostridium tetani, bordetella pertussis, vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic escherichia co1i (1), and even some emerging pathogens, such as helicobacter pylori (2), produce potent toxins that are responsible for the pathology caused by the bacterium. in most cases the disease, and often even the infection, can be prevented by a vaccine that induces immunity against the toxin. in order to be used in vaccines, the dangerous toxins need to be d ... | 1996 | 21359697 |
| multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based assay for the specific detection of toxin-producing vibrio cholerae in fish and fishery products. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mpcr)-based assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of vibrios using the genus-specific rna polymerase subunit a (rpoa) gene and specific detection of toxin-producing vibrio cholerae strains using two sets of primer based on cholera toxin subunit a (ctxa) and repeat in toxin subunit a (rtxa)-producing genes. the mpcr method developed is applicable to both the simultaneous and the two-step detection of genus vibrio total and toxigenic v. cholerae ... | 2011 | 21360148 |
| the type vi secretion system: a multipurpose delivery system with a phage-like machinery. | whether they live in the soil, drift in the ocean, survive in the lungs of human hosts or reside on the surfaces of leaves, all bacteria must cope with an array of environmental stressors. bacteria have evolved an impressive suite of protein secretion systems that enable their survival in hostile environments and facilitate colonization of eukaryotic hosts. collectively, gram-negative bacteria produce six distinct secretion systems that deliver proteins to the extracellular milieu or directly in ... | 2011 | 21361789 |
| accessory cholera enterotoxin, ace, from vibrio cholerae: structure, unfolding, and virstatin binding. | vibrio cholerae accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace) is the third toxin, along with cholera toxin (ct) and zonula occludens toxin (zot), that causes the endemic disease cholera. structural characterization of ace has been restricted because of the limited production of this toxic protein by v. cholerae. we have cloned, overexpressed, and purified ace from v. cholerae strain o395 in escherichia coli to homogeneity and determined its biological activity. the unfolding of the purified protein was in ... | 2011 | 21366345 |
| the isolation of minicells. | the term minicell was introduced by adler et al. (1) for the small spherical cells produced by abnormal cell division at polar ends of certain escherichia coli cells. the phenomenon itself however, had already been described as early as 1930 (2) for a strain of vibrio cholera. these minicells do not contain any chromosomal dna, but they do inherit in most cases the plasmid dna present in the parental strain. since plasmid-containing minicells are able to synthesize dna, rna, protein, and other c ... | 1985 | 21374210 |
| regulation of type vi secretion gene clusters by sigma54 and cognate enhancer binding proteins. | type vi secretion systems (t6ss) are bacteriophage-derived macromolecular machines responsible for the release of at least two proteins in the milieu, which are thought to form an extracellular appendage. although several t6ss have been shown to be involved in the virulence of animal and plant pathogens, clusters encoding these machines are found in the genomes of most species of gram-negative bacteria, including soil, marine, and environmental isolates. t6ss have been associated with several ph ... | 2011 | 21378190 |
| involvement of the gspab complex in assembly of the type ii secretion system secretin of aeromonas and vibrio species. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) functions as a transport mechanism to translocate proteins from the periplasm to the extracellular environment. the exea homologue in aeromonas hydrophila, gspa(ah), is an atpase that interacts with peptidoglycan and forms an inner membrane complex with the exeb homologue (gspb(ah)). the complex may be required to generate space in the peptidoglycan mesh that is necessary for the transport and assembly of the megadalton-sized exed homologue (gspd(ah)) secretin ... | 2011 | 21378198 |
| dna damage and reactive nitrogen species are barriers to vibrio cholerae colonization of the infant mouse intestine. | ingested vibrio cholerae pass through the stomach and colonize the small intestines of its host. here, we show that v. cholerae requires at least two types of dna repair systems to efficiently compete for colonization of the infant mouse intestine. these results show that v. cholerae experiences increased dna damage in the murine gastrointestinal tract. agreeing with this, we show that passage through the murine gut increases the mutation frequency of v. cholerae compared to liquid culture passa ... | 2011 | 21379340 |
| [effect of neutrophilokines on functional activity of macrophages during formation of immunity against cholera]. | to study effect of neutrophilokines on functional activity of macrophages (mph) during formation of immunity against cholera. | 2010 | 21381379 |
| [comparative assessment of dot-immunoassay and immunochromatography methods for detection of 01 serogroup of vibrio cholerae]. | comparative study of sensitivity and specificity of immunochromatographic (ic) assay kit and dot-immunoanalysis for assessment of feasibility of their use for laboratory diagnostics of cholera. | 2010 | 21381382 |
| aptamer-mediated inhibition of mycobacterium tuberculosis polyphosphate kinase 2. | inorganic polyphosphate (polyp) plays a number of critical roles in bacterial persistence, stress, and virulence. polyp intracellular metabolism is regulated by the polyphosphate kinase (ppk) protein families, and inhibition of ppk activity is a potential approach to disrupting polyp-dependent processes in pathogenic organisms. here, we biochemically characterized mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) ppk2 and developed dna-based aptamers that inhibit the enzyme's catalytic activities. mtb ppk2 catal ... | 2011 | 21381755 |
| evidence on how a conserved glycine in the hinge region of hapr regulates its dna binding ability: lessons from a natural variant. | hapr has been recognized as a quorum-sensing master regulator in vibrio cholerae. because it controls a plethora of disparate cellular events, the absence of a functional hapr affects the physiology of v. cholerae to a great extent. in the current study, we pursued an understanding of an observation of a natural protease-deficient non-o1, non-o139 variant v. cholerae strain v2. intriguingly, a nonfunctional hapr (henceforth designated as hapr(v2)) harboring a substitution of glycine to aspartate ... | 2011 | 21383015 |
| pharmacology and toxicology of an oral tablet whole cells inactivated cholera vaccine in sprague dawley rats. | here we further investigate the pharmacological and toxicological properties of a cholera vaccine based on inactivated whole cells presented in either enteric coated (coa) or uncoated (u/c) tablet formulation from vibrio cholerae c7258 strain. tablets were dispersed in 2ml drinking water and administered orally to sprague dawley rats distributed in five groups (i coa7, ii u/c7 immunized at 0, 7, 69days and iii coa14, iv u/c14 immunized at 0, 14, 69days and v control group). serum vibriocidal ant ... | 2011 | 21385634 |
| proteomic analysis of the vibrio cholerae type ii secretome reveals new proteins, including three related serine proteases. | the type ii secretion (t2s) system is responsible for extracellular secretion of a broad range of proteins, including toxins and degradative enzymes that play important roles in the pathogenesis and life cycle of many gram-negative bacteria. in vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, the t2s machinery transports cholera toxin, which induces profuse watery diarrhea, a hallmark of this life-threatening disease. besides cholera toxin, four other proteins have been shown to be transported ... | 2011 | 21385872 |
| a new family of quorum sensing pheromones synthesized using s-adenosylmethionine and acyl-coas. | it is now widely accepted that populations of bacterial cells often co-ordinate their behaviour via diffusible chemical signals. many different signals have been documented, but they fall into a relatively small number of families. one such signal, cai-1, from vibrio cholerae consists of a substituted 13-carbon alkane. in this issue, bassler and colleagues provide evidence that cai-1 exemplifies an entirely new class of pheromones. they also show that one species of vibrio synthesizes and detect ... | 2011 | 21388458 |
| crystal structure of an integron gene cassette-associated protein from vibrio cholerae identifies a cationic drug-binding module. | the direct isolation of integron gene cassettes from cultivated and environmental microbial sources allows an assessment of the impact of the integron/gene cassette system on the emergence of new phenotypes, such as drug resistance or virulence. a structural approach is being exploited to investigate the modularity and function of novel integron gene cassettes. | 2011 | 21390267 |
| tetracycline-resistant vibrio cholerae o1, kolkata, india. | 2011 | 21392467 | |
| pc promoter from class 2 integrons and the cassette transcription pattern it evokes. | integrons are considered expression systems due to the presence of pc promoters that drive gene cassette transcription. the role and configurations of pc are well known in class 1 integrons; however, this region has not yet been identified in class 2 integrons. this study aimed to characterize the pc promoter from class 2 integrons and to determine the effect of gene cassette position on transcription driven by this promoter. | 2011 | 21393219 |
| 1885 cholera controversy: klein versus koch. | this paper will try to give new insight into the cholera controversy, which occurred 125 years ago. the majority of papers already written on the topic have emphasised the role of robert koch who described the comma bacillus as the cause of cholera epidemics. at the same time they have marginalised the role of emanuel edward klein by stating that he was wrong when he objected to robert koch's statement, because as an employee of the british government he was politically motivated. moreover, they ... | 2010 | 21393276 |
| the vars/vara two-component system modulates the activity of the vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator hapr. | the human pathogen vibrio cholerae uses quorum sensing to regulate the expression of a number of phenotypes, including virulence factor production, in response to changes in cell density. it produces small molecules called autoinducers that increase in concentration as cell density increases, and these autoinducers bind to membrane sensors once they reach a certain threshold. this binding leads to signalling through a downstream phosphorelay pathway to alter the expression of the transcriptional ... | 2011 | 21393367 |
| zoonotic pathogens isolated from wild animals and environmental samples at two california wildlife hospitals. | to determine types and estimate prevalence of potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens shed by wild animals admitted to either of 2 wildlife hospitals and to characterize distribution of these pathogens and of aerobic bacteria in a hospital environment. | 2011 | 21401435 |
| the binding of cholera toxin to the periplasmic vestibule of the type ii secretion channel. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) is a large macromolecular complex spanning the inner and outer membranes of many gram-negative bacteria. the t2ss is responsible for the secretion of virulence factors such as cholera toxin (ct) and heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) from vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, respectively. ct and lt are closely related ab5 heterohexamers, composed of one a subunit and a b-pentamer. both ct and lt are translocated, as folded protein complexes, from th ... | 2011 | 21406971 |
| binding efficiencies of carbohydrate ligands with different genotypes of cholera toxin b: molecular modeling, dynamics and docking simulation studies. | vibrio cholerae produces cholera toxin (ct) that consists of two subunits, a and b, and is encoded by a filamentous phage ctxf. the a subunit carries enzymatic activity that ribosylates adp, whereas the b subunit binds to monosialoganglioside (gm1) receptor in epithelial cells. molecular analysis of toxigenic v. cholerae strains indicated the presence of multiple ctxb genotypes. in this study, we employed a comparative modeling approach to define the structural features of all known variants of ... | 2011 | 21409571 |
| medical microbiology | bacteria are classified and identified to distinguish one organism from another and to group similar organisms by criteria of interest to microbiologists or other scientists. the most important level of this type of classification is the species level. a species name should mean the same thing to everyone. within one species, strains and subgroups can differ by the disease they produce, their environmental habitat, a ... | 1996 | 21413329 |
| medical microbiology | vibrios are highly motile, gram-negative, curved or comma-shaped rods with a single polar flagellum. of the vibrios that are clinically significant to humans, vibrio cholerae o group 1, the agent of cholera, is the most important. vibrio cholerae was first isolated in pure culture by robert koch in 1883, although it had been seen by other investigators, including pacini, who is credited with describing it first i ... | 1996 | 21413330 |
| medical microbiology | all bacteria, both pathogenic and saprophytic, are unicellular organisms that reproduce by binary fission. most bacteria are capable of independent metabolic existence and growth, but species of chlamydia and rickettsia are obligately intracellular organisms. bacterial cells are extremely small and are most conveniently measured in microns (10-6 m). they range in size from large cells such as ... | 1996 | 21413343 |
| dr sambhu nath de: unsung hero. | 2011 | 21415484 | |
| the role of c-terminus carbohydrate-binding domain of vibrio cholerae haemolysin/cytolysin in the conversion of the pre-pore ß-barrel oligomer to a functional diffusion channel. | vibrio cholerae cytolysin/hemolysin (vcc) is a 65 kda pore-forming toxin (pft) secreted by o1 el tor and non-o1 strains. the purified toxin, which contains two c-terminus carbohydrate-binding domains in addition to the cytolytic domain at the core, causes lysis of a wide spectrum of eukaryotic cells at picomolar concentrations, apoptogenesis of intestinal and immune cells and accumulation of fluid in rabbit ligated ileal loop. therefore, it may potentially complement the action of cholera toxin ... | 2011 | 21415486 |
| influence of relative humidity in vibrio cholerae infection: a time series model. | spread of cholera in west bengal is known to be related to its ecosystem which favours vibrio cholerae. incidence of cholera has not been correlated with temperature, relative humidity and rainfall, which may act as favourable factors. the aim of this study was to investigate the relational impact of climate changes on cholera. | 2011 | 21415487 |
| a de in the life of cholera. | the 50-year commemoration of s.n. de's seminal 1959 publication in nature provides an opportunity to reflect on scientific discovery, recognition, and public health. de's paper marked the first major conceptual advance in cholera research since 1884, when robert koch definitively identified der kommabazillus as the aetiological agent of cholera. unfortunately, koch reported that systemic toxinosis and multi-organ failure led to severe dehydrating diarrhoea, thereby mistaking cause for effect. as ... | 2011 | 21415488 |