Publications

antimicrobial effects of marine algal extracts and cyanobacterial pure compounds against five foodborne pathogens.	the marine environment is a proven source of structurally complex and biologically active compounds. in this study, the antimicrobial effects of a small collection of marine-derived extracts and isolates, were evaluated against 5 foodborne pathogens using a broth dilution assay. results demonstrated that algal extracts from padina and ulva species and cyanobacterial compounds antillatoxin b, laxaphycins a, b and b3, isomalyngamide a, and malyngamides c, i and j showed antimicrobial activity agai ...	2016	26775951
bacteria and genetically modified bacteria as cancer therapeutics: current advances and challenges.	bacteria act as pro- or anti- tumorigenic agents. whole bacteria or cytotoxic or immunogenic peptides carried by them exert potent anti-tumor effects in the experimental models of cancer. the use of attenuated microorganism(s) e.g., bcg to treat human urinary bladder cancer was found to be superior compared to standard chemotherapy. although the phase-i clinical trials with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, has shown limited benefits in human subjects, a recent pre-clinical trial in pet d ...	2017	26778055
methodological considerations for using umu assay to assess photo-genotoxicity of engineered nanoparticles.	in this study we investigated the feasibility of high-throughput (96-well plate) umu assay to test the genotoxic effect of tio2 engineered nanoparticles (enps) under uv light (full spectrum) and visible light (455 nm). exposure of tio2 enps to up to 60 min of uv light induced a photocatalytic production of ros. however, uv light itself caused cytotoxic damage to salmonella typhimurium at exposures >15 min and a genotoxic effect at exposures >0.5 min; and use of uv filters did not lower this effe ...	2016	26778507
infiltration of matrix-non-producers weakens the salmonella biofilm and impairs its antimicrobial tolerance and pathogenicity.	bacterial biofilms display a collective lifestyle, wherein the cells secrete extracellular polymeric substances (eps) that helps in adhesion, aggregation, stability, and to protect the bacteria from antimicrobials. we asked whether the eps could act as a public good for the biofilm and observed that infiltration of cells that do not produce matrix components weakened the biofilm of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. eps production was costly for the producing cells, as indicated by a signi ...	2015	26779121
analysis of two complementary single-gene deletion mutant libraries of salmonella typhimurium in intraperitoneal infection of balb/c mice.	two pools of individual single gene deletion (sgd) mutants of s. typhimurium 14028s encompassing deletions of 3,923 annotated non-essential orfs and srnas were screened by intraperitoneal (ip) injection in balb/c mice followed by recovery from spleen and liver 2 days post infection. the relative abundance of each mutant was measured by microarray hybridization. the two mutant libraries differed in the orientation of the antibiotic resistance cassettes (either sense-oriented kan(r), sgd-k, or ant ...	2015	26779130
a plant-produced bacteriophage tailspike protein for the control of salmonella.	the receptor binding domain of the tailspike protein gp9 from the p22 bacteriophage was recently shown to reduce salmonella colonization in the chicken gut. in this study, we transiently expressed the receptor binding domain of the gp9 tailspike protein in nicotiana benthamiana, and targeted it to the endoplasmic reticulum (er) or to the chloroplasts. gp9 was also fused to either an elastin-like polypeptide (elp) or hydrophobin i tag, which were previously described to improve accumulation level ...	2015	26779243
photoexcited quantum dots for killing multidrug-resistant bacteria.	multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are an ever-growing threat because of the shrinking arsenal of efficacious antibiotics. metal nanoparticles can induce cell death, yet the toxicity effect is typically nonspecific. here, we show that photoexcited quantum dots (qds) can kill a wide range of multidrug-resistant bacterial clinical isolates, including methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneu ...	2016	26779882
the magnesium transporter a is activated by cardiolipin and is highly sensitive to free magnesium in vitro.	the magnesium transporter a (mgta) is a specialized p-type atpase, believed to import mg(2+) into the cytoplasm. in salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli, the virulence determining two-component system phoq/phop regulates the transcription of mgta gene by sensing mg(2+) concentrations in the periplasm. however, the factors that affect mgta function are not known. this study demonstrates, for the first time, that mgta is highly dependent on anionic phospholipids and in particular, cardiolip ...	2016	26780187
evaluation of in vitro probiotic potential of pediococcus pentosaceus ozf isolated from human breast milk.	this study was conducted to evaluate the probiotic properties of pediococcus pentosaceus ozf isolated from human breast milk. the results obtained so far suggest that the strain is resistant to low ph, bile salt, pepsin and pancreatin, so it could survive while passing through the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract and reveal its potential probiotic action on host organism. the strain was non-pathogenic (γ-hemolytic), produced anti-listerial bacteriocin, exhibited a strong autoaggregating ...	2010	26781239
differential effect of lactobacillus johnsonii bfe 6128 on expression of genes related to tlr pathways and innate immunity in intestinal epithelial cells.	probiotics have been shown to enhance immune defenses, but their mechanisms of action are only partially understood. we investigated the modulation of signal pathways involved in innate immunity in enterocytes by lactobacillus johnsonii bfe 6128 isolated from 'kule naoto', a maasai traditional fermented milk product. this lactobacillus sensitized ht29 intestinal epithelial cells toward recognition of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium by increasing the il-8 levels released after challenge w ...	2010	26781315
pseudomonas putida strain fstm2 isolated from shark skin: a potential source of bacteriocin.	bacteriocin-producing pseudomonas putida strain fstm2 isolated from shark showed broad range of antibacterial activity against all pathogens tested except bacillus subtilis atcc11774, mrsa n32064, proteus mirabilis atcc12453, enterococcus faecalis atcc14506, salmonella typhimurium atcc51312, salmonella mutan atcc25175, and aeromonas hydrophila wbf314. of the three growth media tested in this study, tsb was observed to support the bacteriocin activity the most. while the highest bacteriocin activ ...	2013	26782985
thai generic-brand dry canine foods: mutagenicity and the effects of feeding in vivo and in vitro.	the commercial pet-food industry and the market value of the pet industry have increased. most owners are concerned about their pets' health, and prefer commercial pet foods as their regular diet. this study thus aimed to determine whether a selection of local generic-brand dry canine foods had any potential to promote chronic disease.	2016	26785914
genes required for the fitness of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium during infection of immunodeficient gp91-/- phox mice.	salmonella enterica causes systemic diseases (typhoid and paratyphoid fever), nontyphoidal septicemia (nts), and gastroenteritis in humans and other animals worldwide. an important but underrecognized emerging infectious disease problem in sub-saharan africa is nts in children and immunocompromised adults. a current goal is to identify salmonella mutants that are not pathogenic in the absence of key components of the immune system such as might be found in immunocompromised hosts. such attenuate ...	2016	26787719
phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of pomace extracts from four virginia-grown grape varieties.	grape pomace is a potential source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties of pomace extracts from four virginia-grown grape varieties were investigated. white grape pomaces had higher (p < 0.05) solvent extraction yield than red varieties. concentrations of total phenolic (tpc), total flavonoid (tfc), total anthocyanin (tac), tannins, condensed tannins (ct), as well as antioxidant capacities (dpph• and abts•+free radical sca ...	2016	26788319
dual rna-seq unveils noncoding rna functions in host-pathogen interactions.	bacteria express many small rnas for which the regulatory roles in pathogenesis have remained poorly understood due to a paucity of robust phenotypes in standard virulence assays. here we use a generic 'dual rna-seq' approach to profile rna expression simultaneously in pathogen and host during salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection and reveal the molecular impact of bacterial riboregulators. we identify a phop-activated small rna, pint, which upon bacterial internalization temporally ...	2016	26789254
an outbreak of monophasic and biphasic salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella derby associated with the consumption of dried pork sausage in castellon (spain).	an outbreak of s.typhimurium occurred in several towns and cities in the province of castellon (spain) between 23 february and 27 may 2011. on april 5, the microbiology laboratory of a hospital in castellon alerted the health authorities to the increase in s.typhimurium isolated in fecal culture of children with gastroenteritis. the serotype and phage-type of 83 positive cases of s.typhimurium isolated in these period included 49 monophasic/biphasic s.typhimurium phage type 138, phage type 193, ...	2016	26790900
a conditionally lethal mutant of salmonella typhimurium induces a protective response in mice.	here we present the design of a conditionally lethal mutant of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium) which growth depends on tetracycline (tet). four mutants of s. typhimurium, with tet-conditional growth, were created by inserting the tetra cassette. three of the mutants presented a conditional-lethal phenotype in vitro. one mutant in the yabb gene remained conditional inside cells and did not persisted after 24 h in cell cultures. the capacity of s. typhimurium yabb::tetra t ...	2016	26792728
loop-to-helix transition in the structure of multidrug regulator acrr at the entrance of the drug-binding cavity.	multidrug transcription regulator acrr from salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium str. lt2 belongs to the tetracycline repressor family, one of the largest groups of bacterial transcription factors. the crystal structure of dimeric acrr was determined and refined to 1.56å resolution. the tertiary and quaternary structures of acrr are similar to those of its homologs. the multidrug binding site was identified based on structural alignment with homologous proteins and has a di(hy ...	2016	26796657
comparative evaluation of the mutagenicity and genotoxicity of smoke condensate derived from korean cigarettes.	cigarette smoking is associated with carcinogenesis owing to the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of cigarette smoke. the aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic and genotoxic effects of korean cigarettes using in vitro assays.	2015	26796893
intermittent fasting favored the resolution of salmonella typhimurium infection in middle-aged balb/c mice.	intermittent fasting (if) reportedly increases resistance and intestinal iga response to salmonella typhimurium infection in mature mice. the aim of this study was to explore the effect of aging on the aforementioned improved immune response found with if. middle-aged male balb/c mice were submitted to if or ad libitum (al) feeding for 40 weeks and then orally infected with s. typhimurium. thereafter, infected animals were all fed al (to maximize their viability) until sacrifice on day 7 or 14 p ...	2016	26798034
in vitro antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of plant extracts from spathodea campanulata, ficus bubu, and carica papaya.	african medicinal plants represent a prominent source of new active substances. in this context, three plants were selected for biological investigations based on their traditional uses.	2016	26799575
β-glucans from coriolus versicolor protect mice against s. typhimurium challenge by activation of macrophages.	the effects of β-glucans from coriolus versicolor (cvp), which are extracted from a well-known immune stimulator c. versicolor, have been demonstrated extensively in vitro and in vivo. however, until now, the phagocytic activity has not been elucidated. hence, the objective of the present study was to identify the antibacterial activity of cvp or cvp-treated macrophages by an analysis of cell cytotoxicity, phagocytic activity, intracellular bacterial survival, macrophage activation, production o ...	2016	26802244
antibiofilm formation and anti-adhesive property of three mediterranean essential oils against a foodborne pathogen salmonella strain.	plant extracts, and their essential oils (eos) are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. our aim was to determine the bioactive compound in three mediterranean essential oils belonging to lamiaceae family, satureja montana l., thymus vulgaris l. and rosmarinus officinalis l., and to assess their antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-adhesive potentials against a foodborne pathogen salmonella strain. the antibacterial activity of eos and its biofilm inhibiti ...	2016	26802522
trogocytosis-associated cell to cell spread of intracellular bacterial pathogens.	macrophages are myeloid-derived phagocytic cells and one of the first immune cell types to respond to microbial infections. however, a number of bacterial pathogens are resistant to the antimicrobial activities of macrophages and can grow within these cells. macrophages have other immune surveillance roles including the acquisition of cytosolic components from multiple types of cells. we hypothesized that intracellular pathogens that can replicate within macrophages could also exploit cytosolic ...	2016	26802627
evaluation of probiotic properties of lactobacillus plantarum wlpl04 isolated from human breast milk.	lactobacillus plantarum wlpl04, a specific strain isolated from human breast milk, was investigated for its survival capacity (acid and bile salt tolerance, survival in simulated gastrointestinal tract, inhibition of pathogens, antibiotic susceptibility, yield of exopolysaccharides) and probiotic properties (antiadhesion of pathogens, protection from harmful effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate, and antiinflammatory stress on caco-2 cells). the results showed that lb. plantarum wlpl04 had broad-spec ...	2016	26805974
protein acetylation is involved in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium virulence.	salmonella causes a range of diseases in different hosts, including enterocolitis and systemic infection. lysine acetylation regulates many eukaryotic cellular processes, but its function in bacteria is largely unexplored. the acetyltransferase pat and nad(+)-dependent deacetylase cobb are involved in the reversible protein acetylation in salmonella typhimurium. here, we used cell and animal models to evaluate the virulence of pat and cobb deletion mutants in s. typhimurium and found that pat is ...	2016	26810370
a novel contribution of spvb to pathogenesis of salmonella typhimurium by inhibiting autophagy in host cells.	salmonella plasmid virulence genes (spv) are highly conserved in strains of clinically important salmonella serovars. it is essential for salmonella plasmid-correlated virulence, although the exact mechanism remains to be elucidated. autophagy has been reported to play an important role in host immune responses limiting salmonella infection. our previous studies demonstrated that salmonella conjugative plasmid harboring spv genes could enhance bacterial cytotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy. in t ...	2016	26811498
pharmaco-phylogenetic investigation of methyl gallate isolated from acacia nilotica (l.) delile and its cytotoxic effect on nih3t3 mouse fibroblast.	present exploration deals with the therapeutic perspective of methyl gallate isolated from the leaf extract of acacia nilotica (l.) delile in contrast to food-borne bacterial pathogen's viz., escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus with their evolutionary succession. the extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis and isolated compound was identified as methyl gallate using uv-vis, ir and nmr spectra. it was found most ...	2016	26813302
isolation, identification, and evaluation of novel probiotic strains isolated from feces of breast-fed infants.	to isolate, identify, and evaluate the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from the feces of breast-fed infants.	2016	26817236
prevalence of nontyphoidal salmonella and salmonella strains with conjugative antimicrobial-resistant serovars contaminating animal feed in texas.	the objective of this study was to characterize 365 nontyphoidal salmonella enterica isolates from animal feed. among the 365 isolates, 78 serovars were identified. twenty-four isolates (7.0%) were recovered from three of six medicated feed types. three of these isolates derived from the medicated feed, salmonella newport, salmonella typhimurium var. o 5- (copenhagen), and salmonella lexington var. 15+ (manila), displayed antimicrobial resistance. susceptibility testing revealed that only 3.0% ( ...	2016	26818979
in vitro effects of thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli k88.	although thymol is bactericidal against many pathogens in vitro, its in vivo effectiveness against pathogens in the lower gastrointestinal tract is limited because of its rapid absorption in the proximal gut. thymol-β-<small>d</small>-glucopyranoside (β-thymol), a conjugated form of thymol, can deliver thymol to the lower gastrointestinal tract and has shown antibacterial effects. in the present study, we examined the in vitro effects of β-thymol on salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (st) a ...	2016	26818992
correction: the autophagy receptor tax1bp1 and the molecular motor myosin vi are required for clearance of salmonella typhimurium by autophagy.	[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005174.].	2016	26820152
development of functional microfold (m) cells from intestinal stem cells in primary human enteroids.	intestinal microfold (m) cells are specialized epithelial cells that act as gatekeepers of luminal antigens in the intestinal tract. they play a critical role in the intestinal mucosal immune response through transport of viruses, bacteria and other particles and antigens across the epithelium to immune cells within peyer's patch regions and other mucosal sites. recent studies in mice have demonstrated that m cells are generated from lgr5+ intestinal stem cells (iscs), and that infection with sa ...	2016	26820624
molecular analysis of the adaptive response in salmonella typhimurium after starvation in salty conditions.	the pathogenic bacterium salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium elicits a variety of genetic programs to adapt to stress conditions encountered within hostile environments such as host phagocytes and preserved food.	2016	26829540
characterization of slya in shigella flexneri identifies a novel role in virulence.	the slya transcriptional regulator has important roles in the virulence and pathogenesis of several members of the enterobacteriaceae family, including salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and escherichia coli. despite the identification of the slya gene in shigella flexneri nearly 2 decades ago, as well as the significant conservation of slya among enteric bacteria, the role of slya in shigella remains unknown. the genes regulated by slya in closely related organisms often are absent from or ...	2016	26831468
host-microbiota interactions in the pathogenesis of antibiotic-associated diseases.	improved understanding of the interplay between host and microbes stands to illuminate new avenues for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. here, we provide a high-resolution view of the dynamics between host and gut microbiota during antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota depletion, opportunistic salmonella typhimurium and clostridium difficile pathogenesis, and recovery from these perturbed states in a mouse model. host-centric proteome and microbial community profiles provide a nua ...	2016	26832403
[determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and mutagenicity of mainstream smoke and heavy metals in tobacco filler of cigarettes of a brand in japan and cigarettes of the same brand imported privately from other asian countries].	some japanese smokers imported japanese cigarette brands from other asian countries for personal use because of the increase in tobacco tax in 2010, which meant that privately importing the cigarettes was cheaper than purchasing them in japan. we assumed that the health hazards of locally made cigarettes were different from those of privately imported cigarettes, despite the brands being the same. in this study, we carried out a comparative toxicological analysis of domestic and privately import ...	2016	26832621
tatc-dependent translocation of pyoverdine is responsible for the microbial growth suppression.	infections are often not caused by a colonization of pseudomonas aeruginosa alone but by a consortium of other bacteria. little is known about the impact of p. aeruginosa on the growth of other bacteria upon coinfection. here, cell-ree culture supernatants obtained from p. aeruginosa suppressed the growth of a number of bacterial strains such as corynebacterium glutamicum, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, and agrobacterium tumefaciens, but had little effect on the growth of escherichia ...	2016	26832668
[epidemiological and laboratory investigations on an infant case with diarrhea caused by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium].		2015	26833017
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium exploits inflammation to modify swine intestinal microbiota.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium is an important zoonotic gastrointestinal pathogen responsible for foodborne disease worldwide. it is a successful enteric pathogen because it has developed virulence strategies allowing it to survive in a highly inflamed intestinal environment exploiting inflammation to overcome colonization resistance provided by intestinal microbiota. in this study, we used piglets featuring an intact microbiota, which naturally develop gastroenteritis, as model for sal ...	2015	26835435
on-chip acoustophoretic isolation of microflora including s. typhimurium from raw chicken, beef and blood samples.	pathogen analysis in food samples routinely involves lengthy growth-based pre-enrichment and selective enrichment of food matrices to increase the ratio of pathogen to background flora. similarly, for blood culture analysis, pathogens must be isolated and enriched from a large excess of blood cells to allow further analysis. conventional techniques of centrifugation and filtration are cumbersome, suffer from low sample throughput, are not readily amenable to automation and carry a risk of damagi ...	2016	26835844
a diva vaccine for cross-protection against salmonella.	swine are often asymptomatic carriers of salmonella spp., a leading cause of human bacterial foodborne disease. vaccination against salmonella is effective for protecting animal health and enhancing food safety. however, with >2500 salmonella serovars, current vaccines for swine offer limited cross-protection against heterologous serovars. also, existing vaccines can interfere with surveillance programs that monitor the salmonella status of swine herds. to overcome salmonella vaccine limitations ...	2016	26836212
label-free impedimetric biosensor for salmonella typhimurium detection based on poly [pyrrole-co-3-carboxyl-pyrrole] copolymer supported aptamer.	the gram-negative bacterium, salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) is a food borne pathogen responsible for numerous hospitalisations and deaths all over the world. conventional detection methods for pathogens are time consuming and labour-intensive. hence, there is considerable interest in faster and simpler detection methods. polypyrrole-based polymers, due to their intrinsic chemical and electrical properties, have been demonstrated to be valuable candidates for the fabrication of chemo/bio ...	2016	26836649
immunogenicity of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) m gene delivered by attenuated salmonella typhimurium in mice.	attenuated salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium) was selected as a transgenic vehicle for the development of live mucosal vaccines against transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) based on the m gene. an approximate 1.0 kb dna fragment, encoding for glycoprotein m, was amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pvax1. the recombinant plasmid pvax-m was transformed by electroporation into attenuated s. typhimurium sl7207, and the expression and translation of the pvax-m ...	2016	26837896
aim2 contributes to the maintenance of intestinal integrity via akt and protects against salmonella mucosal infection.	the mechanism regulating the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier remains poorly understood. we herein demonstrate that absent in melanoma-2 (aim2) contributes to the maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity and defense against bacterial infection. aim2-deficient mice displayed an increased susceptibility to mucosal but not systemic infection by salmonella typhimurium, indicating a protective role for aim2 in the gastrointestinal tract. in a salmonella colitis model, compared with wild-type mi ...	2016	26838050
salmonella employs multiple mechanisms to subvert the tlr-inducible zinc-mediated antimicrobial response of human macrophages.	we aimed to characterize antimicrobial zinc trafficking within macrophages and to determine whether the professional intramacrophage pathogen salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s typhimurium) subverts this pathway. using both escherichia coli and s typhimurium, we show that tlr signaling promotes the accumulation of vesicular zinc within primary human macrophages. vesicular zinc is delivered to e. coli to promote microbial clearance, whereas s. typhimurium evades this response via salmonel ...	2016	26839376
flagellin encoded in gene-based vector vaccines is a route-dependent immune adjuvant.	flagellin has been tested as a protein-based vaccine adjuvant, with the majority of studies focused on antibody responses. here, we evaluated the adjuvant activity of flagellin for both cellular and humoral immune responses in balb/c mice in the setting of gene-based immunization, and have made several novel observations. dna vaccines and adenovirus (ad) vectors were engineered to encode mycobacterial protein ag85b, with or without flagellin of salmonella typhimurium (flic). dna-encoded flagelli ...	2016	26844553
tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r: an overview.	the present chapter reviews the development of the tumor-targeting amino-acid auxotrophic strain s. typhimurium a1 and the in vivo selection and characterization of the high-tumor-targeting strain s. typhimurium a1-r. efficacy of s. typhimurium a1-r in nude-mouse models of prostate, breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer, as well as sarcoma and glioma in orthotopic mouse models is described. also reviewed is efficacy of s. typhimurium a1-r targeting of primary bone tumor and lung metastasis of h ...	2016	26846797
visualization of anticancer salmonella typhimurium engineered for remote control of therapeutic proteins.	tumor-targeting bacteria are studied for their ability to carry therapeutic molecules to tumors or, when designed as imaging probes, to visualize the infection pathway. the present protocol describes a method to achieve remote control of therapeutic gene expression in bacteria which are also engineered to visualize the therapeutic process. this strategy may increase the safety of bacteria used to deliver therapeutic genes to tumors in vivo.	2016	26846808
methods for tumor targeting with salmonella typhimurium a1-r.	salmonella typhimurium a1-r (s. typhimurium a1-r) has shown great preclinical promise as a broad-based anti-cancer therapeutic (please see chapter 1 ). the present chapter describes materials and methods for the preclinical study of s. typhimurium a1-r in clinically-relevant mouse models. establishment of orthotopic metastatic mouse models of the major cancer types is described, as well as other useful models, for efficacy studies of s. typhimurium a1-r or other tumor-targeting bacteria, as well ...	2016	26846809
salmonella typhimurium a1-r and cell-cycle decoy therapy of cancer.	cancer cells in g0/g1 are resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy agents which kill only cycling cancer cells. salmonella typhimurium a1-r (s. typhimurium a1-r) decoyed cancer cells in monolayer culture and in tumor spheres to cycle from g0/g1 to s/g2/m, as demonstrated by fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (fucci) imaging. s. typhimurium a1-r targeted fucci-expressing subcutaneous tumors, and tumors growing on the liver, growing in nude mice and also decoyed quiescent cancer cel ...	2016	26846810
future of bacterial therapy of cancer.	bacterial therapy of cancer has a centuries-long history and was first-line therapy at the hospital in new york city that would become memorial sloan-kettering cancer center, under dr. william b. coley. however, after coley's death in 1936, bacterial therapy of cancer ceased in the clinic until the present century. clinical trials have been recently carried out for strains of the obligate anaerobe clostridium novyi with the toxin gene deleted, and on an attenuated strain of salmonella typhimuriu ...	2016	26846811
antibacterial flavonoids from medicinal plants covalently inactivate type iii protein secretion substrates.	traditional chinese medicines (tcms) have been historically used to treat bacterial infections. however, the molecules responsible for these anti-infective properties and their potential mechanisms of action have remained elusive. using a high-throughput assay for type iii protein secretion in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, we discovered that several tcms can attenuate this key virulence pathway without affecting bacterial growth. among the active tcms, we discovered that baicalein, a ...	2016	26847396
phenotypic characteristics and genotypic correlation between salmonella isolates from a slaughterhouse and retail markets in yangzhou, china.	an epidemiological investigation of salmonella spp. in pig and pork samples from one slaughterhouse and its downstream retail markets in yangzhou, jiangsu province, china, was conducted from october 2013 to march 2014. a total of 71.8% (155/216) and 70.9% (78/110), respectively, of the slaughterhouse and retail market samples were recovered positive for salmonella. all salmonella isolates were characterized using serotyping, antimicrobial resistance detection, multilocus sequence typing (mlst), ...	2016	26851738
novel small rna (srna) landscape of the starvation-stress response transcriptome of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.	small rnas (srnas) are short (∼50-200 nucleotides) noncoding rnas that regulate cellular activities across bacteria. salmonella enterica starved of a carbon-energy (c) source experience a host of genetic and physiological changes broadly referred to as the starvation-stress response (ssr). in an attempt to identify novel srnas contributing to ssr control, we grew log-phase, 5-h c-starved and 24-h c-starved cultures of the virulent salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar typhimurium strai ...	2016	26853797
biofilm-associated bacterial amyloids dampen inflammation in the gut: oral treatment with curli fibres reduces the severity of hapten-induced colitis in mice.	a disruption of epithelial barrier function can lead to intestinal inflammation. toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 activation by microbial products promotes intestinal epithelial integrity and overall gut health. several bacterial species, including enteric bacteria, actively produce amyloid proteins as a part of their biofilms. recognition of amyloid fibres found in enteric biofilms, termed curli, by the toll-like receptor (tlr)2/1 complex reinforces barrier function. here, we investigated the effect ...	2017	26855788
[genetic evaluation of control variants of strains salmonella typhimurium, used in the test salmonella/microsome (ames test)].	there were analyzed data of controls with solvents (dmso and distilled water) of experiments performed in the laboratory of genetic monitoring in 2004-2014 on salmonella typhimurium ta 100, ta 98 and ta 97 strains in the versions without and in the presence of metabolic activation. for all strains there was no revealed effect of the either solvent or system of metabolic activation on the average number of colonies of revertants in control. generalized parameters (historical control) of the avera ...	2015	26856154
novel two-step hierarchical screening of mutant pools reveals mutants under selection in chicks.	contaminated chicken/egg products are major sources of human salmonellosis, yet the strategies used by salmonella to colonize chickens are poorly understood. we applied a novel two-step hierarchical procedure to identify new genes important for colonization and persistence of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium in chickens. a library of 182 s. typhimurium mutants each containing a targeted deletion of a group of contiguous genes (for a total of 2,069 genes deleted) was used to identify regi ...	2016	26857572
retinoic acid decreases the severity of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium mediated gastroenteritis in a mouse model.	gastroenteritis is a global burden; it's the major cause of morbidity and mortality both in adults and children of developing countries. salmonella is one of the leading causes of bacteria-mediated gastroenteritis and due to its increasing multidrug antibiotic resistance; salmonella-mediated gastroenteritis is difficult to control. retinoic acid, the biologically active agent of vitamin a has an anti-inflammatory effect on experimental colitis. in this study we have shown all trans retinoic acid ...	2016	26858186
centrifugal sedimentation immunoassays for multiplexed detection of enteric bacteria in ground water.	waterborne pathogens pose significant threat to the global population and early detection plays an important role both in making drinking water safe, as well as in diagnostics and treatment of water-borne diseases. we present an innovative centrifugal sedimentation immunoassay platform for detection of bacterial pathogens in water. our approach is based on binding of pathogens to antibody-functionalized capture particles followed by sedimentation of the particles through a density-media in a mic ...	2016	26858815
tumor-targeting salmonella typhimurium a1-r in combination with doxorubicin eradicate soft tissue sarcoma in a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) model.	a patient with high grade undifferentiated pleomorphic soft-tissue sarcoma from a striated muscle was grown orthotopically in the right biceps femoris muscle of mice to establish a patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (pdox) model. twenty pdox mice were divided into 4 groups: g1, control without treatment; g2, salmonella typhimurium (s. typhimurium)a1-r administered by intratumoral (i.t.) injection once a week for 4 weeks; g3, doxorubicin (dox) administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on ...	2016	26859573
understanding the antimicrobial activity behind thin- and thick-rolled copper plates.	the aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial properties of the surfaces of copper plates that were rolled to a thickness of 25 and 100 μm. differences in topology of 25- and 100-μm-thick copper plates were studied using scanning electron microscopy (sem), atomic force microscopy (afm), and x-ray diffraction (xrd). antibacterial activity of the copper surfaces was tested against strains of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria m ...	2016	26860943
a multi-drug resistant salmonella typhimurium st213 human-invasive strain (33676) containing the bla cmy-2 gene on an incf plasmid is attenuated for virulence in balb/c mice.	classical strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (typhimurium) predominantly cause a self-limiting diarrheal illness in humans and a systemic disease in mice. in this study, we report the characterization of a strain isolated from a blood-culture taken from a 15-year old woman suffering from invasive severe salmonellosis, refractory to conventional therapy with extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc).	2016	26862033
heme oxygenase 1 controls early innate immune response of macrophages to salmonella typhimurium infection.	macrophages are central for the immune control of intracellular microbes. heme oxygenase 1 (ho-1, hmox) is the first and rate limiting enzyme in the breakdown of heme originating from degraded senescent erythrocytes and heme-proteins, yielding equal amounts of iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. ho-1 is strongly up-regulated in macrophages in response to inflammatory signals, including bacterial endotoxin. in view of the essential role of iron for the growth and proliferation of intracellular ...	2016	26866925
structural and biochemical insights into the peptidoglycan hydrolase domain of flgj from salmonella typhimurium.	flgj is a glycoside hydrolase (gh) enzyme belonging to the carbohydrate active enzyme (cazy) family gh73. it facilitates passage of the bacterial flagellum through the peptidoglycan (pg) layer by cleaving the β-1,4 glycosidic bond between n-acetylglucosamine and n-acetylmuramic acid sugars that comprise the glycan strands of pg. here we describe the crystal structure of the gh domain of flgj from bacterial pathogen salmonella typhimurium (stflgj). interestingly, the active site of stflgj was blo ...	2016	26871950
identification of methylglyoxal as a major mutagen in wood and bamboo pyroligneous acids.	to identify the major mutagen in pyroligneous acid (pa), 10 wood and 10 bamboo pyroligneous acids were examined using the ames test in salmonella typhimurium strains ta100 and ta98. subsequently, the mutagenic dicarbonyl compounds (dcs), glyoxal, methylglyoxal (mg), and diacetyl in pa were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography, and the mutagenic contribution ratios for each dc were calculated relative to the mutagenicity of pa. eighteen samples were positive for mutagens and sh ...	2016	26872409
human gbp1 does not localize to pathogen vacuoles but restricts toxoplasma gondii.	guanylate binding proteins (gbps) are a family of large interferon-inducible gtpases that are transcriptionally upregulated upon infection with intracellular pathogens. murine gbps (mgbps) including mgbp1 and 2 localize to and disrupt pathogen-containing vacuoles (pvs) resulting in the cell-autonomous clearing or innate immune detection of pv-resident pathogens. human gbps (hgbps) are known to exert antiviral host defense and activate the nlrp3 inflammasome, but it is unclear whether hgbps can d ...	2016	26874079
purification and characteristics of a novel bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis l11 isolated from chinese traditional fermented cucumber.	to purify and characterize a novel bacteriocin with broad inhibitory spectrum produced by an isolate of enterococcus faecalis from chinese fermented cucumber.	2016	26875092
relationship between digital information and thermodynamic stability in bacterial genomes.	ever since the introduction of the watson-crick model, numerous efforts have been made to fully characterize the digital information content of the dna. however, it became increasingly evident that variations of dna configuration also provide an "analog" type of information related to the physicochemical properties of the dna, such as thermodynamic stability and supercoiling. hence, the parallel investigation of the digital information contained in the base sequence with associated analog parame ...	2016	26877724
elmo1 has an essential role in the internalization of salmonella typhimurium into enteric macrophages that impacts disease outcome.	4-6 million people die of enteric infections each year. after invading intestinal epithelial cells, enteric bacteria encounter phagocytes. however, little is known about how phagocytes internalize the bacteria to generate host responses. previously, we have shown that bai1 (brain angiogenesis inhibitor 1) binds and internalizes gram-negative bacteria through an elmo1 (engulfment and cell motility protein 1)/rac1-dependent mechanism. here we delineate the role of elmo1 in host inflammatory respon ...	2015	26878033
attenuation of dmba/croton oil induced mouse skin papilloma by apodytes dimidiata mediated by its antioxidant and antimutagenic potential.	context considering the role of cellular oxidative stress in mutations and subsequent transformation, phytochemicals with antioxidant potential has become a primary choice as chemopreventives. apodytes dimidiata e. mey. ex. arn (icacinaceae), a widely used plant in zulu traditional medicine, is reported to possess antioxidant activity. objective to investigate the chemopreventive efficacy of methanol extract of a. dimidiata leaf (amf). materials and methods antimutagenic potential of amf (25, 50 ...	2016	26878464
fecal prevalence, serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of salmonellae in dairy cattle in central ethiopia.	salmonellae are major worldwide zoonotic pathogens infecting a wide range of vertebrate species including humans. consumption of contaminated dairy products and contact with dairy cattle represent a common source of non-typhoidal salmonella infection in humans. despite a large number of small-scale dairy farms in addis ababa and its surrounding districts, little is known about the status of salmonella in these farms.	2016	26879347
the horizontally-acquired response regulator ssrb drives a salmonella lifestyle switch by relieving biofilm silencing.	a common strategy by which bacterial pathogens reside in humans is by shifting from a virulent lifestyle, (systemic infection), to a dormant carrier state. two major serovars of salmonella enterica, typhi and typhimurium, have evolved a two-component regulatory system to exist inside salmonella-containing vacuoles in the macrophage, as well as to persist as asymptomatic biofilms in the gallbladder. here we present evidence that ssrb, a transcriptional regulator encoded on the spi-2 pathogenicity ...	2016	26880544
compensating the fitness costs of synonymous mutations.	synonymous mutations do not change the sequence of the polypeptide but they may still influence fitness. we investigated in salmonella enterica how four synonymous mutations in the rpst gene (encoding ribosomal protein s20) reduce fitness (i.e., growth rate) and the mechanisms by which this cost can be genetically compensated. the reduced growth rates of the synonymous mutants were correlated with reduced levels of the rpst transcript and s20 protein. in an adaptive evolution experiment, these f ...	2016	26882986
intestinal long-chain fatty acids act as a direct signal to modulate expression of the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 type iii secretion system.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium uses the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (spi1) type iii secretion system (t3ss) to induce inflammatory diarrhea and bacterial uptake into intestinal epithelial cells. the expression of hila, encoding the transcriptional activator of the t3ss structural genes, is directly controlled by three arac-like regulators, hild, hilc, and rtsa, each of which can activate hild, hilc, rtsa, and hila genes, forming a complex feed-forward regulatory loop. expression o ...	2016	26884427
salmonella suppresses the trif-dependent type i interferon response in macrophages.	salmonella enterica is an intracellular pathogen that causes diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever. salmonella bacteria trigger an autophagic response in host cells upon infection but have evolved mechanisms for suppressing this response, thereby enhancing intracellular survival. we recently reported that s. enterica serovar typhimurium actively recruits the host tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (fak) to the surface of the salmonella-containing vacuole (scv) (k. a. owen et ...	2016	26884434
antibacterial activity of aquatic gliding bacteria.	the study aimed to screen and isolate strains of freshwater aquatic gliding bacteria, and to investigate their antibacterial activity against seven common pathogenic bacteria. submerged specimens were collected and isolated for aquatic gliding bacteria using four different isolation media (dw, ma, sap2, and vy/2). gliding bacteria identification was performed by 16s rrna gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. crude extracts were obtained by methanol extraction. antibacterial activity against ...	2016	26885469
investigation of in vitro cytotoxic, mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects of shirazolide extracted from jurinea leptoloba.	shirazolide is an elemanolide isolated from jurinea leptoloba dc. the aim of this study was to determine the cytotoxic, mutagenic and anti-mutagenic properties of shirazolide from j. leptoloba dc in vitro. cytotoxicity was measured using a modified mtt (3-(4,5-di methyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di phenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on normal human lymphocytes and tumor hela cells, showing that the cytotoxicity of shirazolide is much higher for hela cells than for normal lymphocytes. mutagenic and anti-mu ...	2016	26886048
extraction method plays critical role in antibacterial activity of propolis-loaded hydrogels.	extracted propolis has been used for a long time as a remedy. however, if the release rate of propolis is not controlled, the efficacy is reduced. to overcome this issue, extracted propolis was added to a cryogel system. propolis collected from southern brazil was extracted using different methods and loaded at different concentrations into polyvinyl alcohol (pva) and polyacrylic acid hydrogels as carrier systems. the material properties were investigated with a focus on the propolis release pro ...	2016	26886307
rampant infections of bone marrow stem cell niches as triggers for spondyloarthropathies and rheumatoid arthritis.	tropheryma whipplei can induce rheumatism mimicking spa or ra, but even more rampant bacterial/viral infections in epiphyseal bones could also contribute to the onset of ra and spa. indeed, as bone marrow stem cell niches are enriched in tregs and myeloid derived suppressor cells, these areas are favourable for the persistence of quiescent viruses and/or dormant bacteria. this review focuses on the possibility that such silent infections of bone marrow stem cell niches might contribute to the pa ...	2017	26886813
photoactivated hypericin is not genotoxic.	the study was designed to test the potential photogenotoxicity of hypericin (hyp) at three different levels: primary dna damages, gene mutations and chromosome aberrations. primary genetic changes were detected using the comet assay. the potential mutagenic activity of hyp was assessed using the ames/salmonella typhimurium assay. finally, the ability of photoactivated hyp to induce chromosome aberrations was evaluated by the in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test and compared to that of n ...	2016	26891274
mutagenicity assessment of aerosols in emissions from domestic combustion processes.	domestic biofuel combustion is one of the major sources of regional and local air pollution, mainly regarding particulate matter and organic compounds, during winter periods. mutagenic and carcinogenic activity potentials of the ambient particulate matter have been associated with the fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) and their oxygenated (opah) and nitrogenated (npah) derivatives. this study aimed at assessing the mutagenicity potential of the fraction of this polycyclic aromat ...	2016	26893179
de novo sphingolipid synthesis is essential for salmonella-induced autophagy and human beta-defensin 2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells.	sphingolipids are important for innate immune response to eliminate infected pathogens and involved in autophagy. on the other hand, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (nod2) served as an intracellular pattern recognition receptor to enhance host defense by inducing autophagy and the production of antimicrobial peptides, such as human beta-defensin-2 (hbd-2). however, the role of sphingolipids in salmonella-induced autophagy and hbd-2 response in intestinal epithelial ...	2016	26893616
rational design, synthesis, and preliminary structure-activity relationships of α-substituted-2-phenylcyclopropane carboxylic acids as inhibitors of salmonella typhimurium o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase.	cysteine is a building block for several biomolecules that are crucial for living organisms. the last step of cysteine biosynthesis is catalyzed by o-acetylserine sulfydrylase (oass), a highly conserved pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme, present in different isoforms in bacteria, plants, and nematodes, but absent in mammals. beside the biosynthesis of cysteine, oass exerts a series of "moonlighting" activities in bacteria, such as transcriptional regulation, contact-dependent growth ...	2016	26894308
diazonium-based impedimetric aptasensor for the rapid label-free detection of salmonella typhimurium in food sample.	fast and accurate detection of microorganisms is of key importance in clinical analysis and in food and water quality monitoring. salmonella typhimurium is responsible for about a third of all cases of foodborne diseases and consequently, its fast detection is of great importance for ensuring the safety of foodstuffs. we report the development of a label-free impedimetric aptamer-based biosensor for s. typhimurium detection. the aptamer biosensor was fabricated by grafting a diazonium-supporting ...	2016	26894987
comparative investigation of the mutagenicity of propenylic and allylic asarone isomers in the ames fluctuation assay.	α-, β- and γ-asarone are naturally occurring phenylpropenes that occur in different plant families, mainly in aristolochiaceae, acoraceae and lauraceae. plants containing asarones are used as flavouring ingredients in alcoholic beverages (bitters), traditional phytomedicines and the rhizome of e.g. acorus calamus is used to prepare tea. although α- and β-asarone show a potential in the treatment of several diseases, previous studies have shown carcinogenicity in rodents (duodenum, liver). howeve ...	2016	26895844
determination of the stoichiometry of the complete bacterial type iii secretion needle complex using a combined quantitative proteomic approach.	precisely knowing the stoichiometry of their components is critical for investigating structure, assembly, and function of macromolecular machines. this has remained a technical challenge in particular for large, hydrophobic membrane-spanning protein complexes. here, we determined the stoichiometry of a type iii secretion system of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium using two complementary protocols of gentle complex purification combined with peptide concatenated standard and synthetic sta ...	2016	26900162
peracetic acid treatment generates potent inactivated oral vaccines from a broad range of culturable bacterial species.	our mucosal surfaces are the main sites of non-vector-borne pathogen entry, as well as the main interface with our commensal microbiota. we are still only beginning to understand how mucosal adaptive immunity interacts with commensal and pathogenic microbes to influence factors such as infectivity, phenotypic diversity, and within-host evolution. this is in part due to difficulties in generating specific mucosal adaptive immune responses without disrupting the mucosal microbial ecosystem itself. ...	2016	26904024
physiological properties and salmonella growth inhibition of probiotic bacillus strains isolated from environmental and poultry sources.	the objective of the present study was to describe the physiological properties of seven potential probiotic strains of bacillus spp. isolates were characterized morphologically, biochemically, and by 16s rrna sequence analyses for identification. tolerance to acidic ph, high osmotic concentrations of nacl, and bile salts were tested. isolates were also evaluated for their ability to metabolize different carbohydrates sources. the antimicrobial sensitivity profiles were determined. inhibition of ...	2013	26904728
antibacterial attributes of apigenin, isolated from portulaca oleracea l.	the flavonoid apigenin was isolated from aerial part of p. oleracea l. the dried sample of plant was powdered and subjected to soxhlet extractor by adding 80 ml of ethanol : water (70 : 30). the extract was centrifuged at 11000 rpm for 30 min; supernatant was taken for further use. the fraction was concentrated and subjected to ptlc. the r f value of isolated apigenin was calculated (0.82). purified material was also subjected to its ir spectra, lc-ms, nmr, and hplc for structural elucidation. t ...	2014	26904730
screening of the enterocin-encoding genes and antimicrobial activity in enterococcus species.	in the current study, a total of 135 enterococci strains from different sources were screened for the presence of the enterocin-encoding genes enta, entp, entb, entl50a, and entl50b. the enterocin genes were present at different frequencies, with enta occurring the most frequently, followed by entp and entb; entl50a and l50b were not detected. the occurrence of single enterocin genes was higher than the occurrence of multiple enterocin gene combinations. the 80 isolates that harbor at least one ...	2016	26907753
virulence-associated genes, antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from swine from 2000 to 2012 in brazil.	the aims of this study were to assess the pathogenic potential, antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity of salmonella typhimurium strains isolated in brazil from swine (22) and the surrounding swine environment (5) from 2000 to 2012 and compare them to the profiles of 43 human strains isolated from 1983 to 2010, which had been previously studied.	2016	26913828
the extended structure of the periplasmic region of cdsd, a structural protein of the type iii secretion system of chlamydia trachomatis.	the type iii secretion system (t3ss) is required for the virulence of many gram-negative bacterial human pathogens. it is composed of several structural proteins, forming the secretion needle and its basis, the basal body. in chlamydia spp., the t3ss inner membrane ring (im-ring) of the basal body is formed by the periplasmic part of cdsd (outer ring) and cdsj (inner ring). here we describe the crystal structure of the c-terminal, periplasmic part of cdsd, not including the last 60 residues. two ...	2016	26914207
comparing the ability of luminex xmap(®) salmonella serotyping assay and traditional serotyping method for serotyping salmonella isolated from southern chinese population.	to investigate whether the luminex xmap(®) salmonella serotyping assay (xmap ssa) is applicable to serotype salmonella from humans in southern china.	2016	26914944
catch me if you can.	direct contact between host cells allows some bacteria to spread within the body without being attacked by the immune system.	2016	26919282
structural investigation of the thymidine phosphorylase from salmonella typhimurium in the unliganded state and its complexes with thymidine and uridine.	highly specific thymidine phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic cleavage of thymidine, with the help of a phosphate ion, resulting in thymine and 2-deoxy-α-d-ribose 1-phosphate. thymidine phosphorylases do not catalyze the phosphorolysis of uridine, in contrast to nonspecific pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases and uridine phosphorylases. understanding the mechanism of substrate specificity on the basis of the nucleoside is essential to support rational drug-discovery investigations of new ...	2016	26919527
photo-active float for field water disinfection.	the present study investigates the antibacterial activity of a photoactive float fabricated with visible light active n-f-tio2 for the disinfection of field water widely contaminated with gram positive and gram negative bacteria like, salmonella typhimurium (gram negative), escherichia coli (gram negative), staphylococcus aureus (gram positive), bacillus species (gram positive), and pseudomonas species (gram negative). the antibacterial activity can be attributed to the unique properties of the ...	2016	26924232
use of genetically manipulated salmonella typhimurium strains to evaluate the role of human sulfotransferases in the bioactivation of nitro- and aminotoluenes.	various nitro- and aminotoluenes demonstrated carcinogenic activity in rodent studies, but were inactive or weakly active in conventional in vitro mutagenicity assays. standard in vitro tests do not take into account activation by certain classes of enzymes. this is true in particular for sulfotransferases (sults). these enzymes may convert aromatic hydroxylamines and benzylic alcohols, two major classes of phase-i metabolites of nitro- and aminotoluenes, to reactive esters. here it is shown tha ...	2016	26924705
immunopotentiation of different adjuvants on humoral and cellular immune responses induced by ha1-2 subunit vaccines of h7n9 influenza in mice.	in spring 2013, human infections with a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus were reported in china. the number of cases has increased with over 200 mortalities reported to date. however, there is currently no vaccine available for the h7 subtype of influenza a virus. virus-specific cellular immune responses play a critical role in virus clearance during influenza infection. in this study, we undertook a side-by-side evaluation of two different adjuvants, salmonella typhimurium flagellin (flic) ...	2016	26930068
the relationship between invasive nontyphoidal salmonella disease, other bacterial bloodstream infections, and malaria in sub-saharan africa.	country-specific studies in africa have indicated that plasmodium falciparum is associated with invasive nontyphoidal salmonella (ints) disease. we conducted a multicenter study in 13 sites in burkina faso, ethiopia, ghana, guinea-bissau, kenya, madagascar, senegal, south africa, sudan, and tanzania to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of ints disease, other systemic bacterial infections, and malaria.	2016	26933016