Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| genomic evolution of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholera, the causal agent of cholera, also occupies an autochthonous aquatic inhabitant. the current, seventh cholera pandemic is linked to o1 el tor biotype and o139 serogroups. in the last decades, we have witnessed a shift involving genetically and phenotypically varied pandemic clones in asia and africa. recent comparative genomic studies have identified a large 'mobilome', or composed of mobile genomic islands in v. cholerae. all seventh pandemic isolates have highly related genome s ... | 2010 | 20851041 |
| the active zot domain (aa 288-293) increases zo-1 and myosin 1c serine/threonine phosphorylation, alters interaction between zo-1 and its binding partners, and induces tight junction disassembly through proteinase activated receptor 2 activation. | vibrio cholerae-derived zonula occludins toxin (zot) is a multifunctional protein that reversibly disassembles intestinal tight junctions (tjs). zot structure-function analysis has mapped this activity to aa 288-293, named at1002. at1002 reduced transepithelial electrical resistance across rat small intestine, ex vivo, as did zot and its processed mature form, δg. at1002 increased in vivo permeability to sugar tracers, whereas scrambled control peptides did not. binding and barrier assays in pro ... | 2011 | 20852064 |
| structure of the cholera toxin secretion channel in its closed state. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) is a macromolecular complex spanning the inner and outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria. remarkably, the t2ss secretes folded proteins, including multimeric assemblies such as cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin from vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, respectively. the major outer membrane t2ss protein is the 'secretin' gspd. cryo-em reconstruction of the v. cholerae secretin at 19-å resolution reveals a dodecameric structure remi ... | 2010 | 20852644 |
| identification of selective enzyme inhibitors by fragment library screening. | the microbial threat to human health is growing due to the dramatic increase in the number of multidrug-resistant organisms. the decline in effective antibiotics available to treat these growing threats has provided greater urgency to the search for new antibiotics. clearly, new approaches must be developed against novel targets to control these resistant infectious organisms. the screening of low molecular weight compounds against new protein targets provides an opportunity to identify novel in ... | 2010 | 20855558 |
| glycation sites in neoglycoglycoconjugates from the terminal monosaccharide antigen of the o-ps of vibrio cholerae o1, serotype ogawa, and bsa revealed by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization tandem mass spectrometry. | we present the maldi-tof/tof-ms analyses of various hapten-bovine serum albumin (bsa) neoglycoconjugates obtained by squaric acid chemistry coupling of the spacer-equipped, terminal monosaccharide of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o1, serotype ogawa, to bsa. these analyses allowed not only to calculate the molecular masses of the hapten-bsa neoglycoconjugates with different hapten-bsa ratios (4.3, 6.6 and 13.2) but, more importantly, also to localize the covalent linkages (conj ... | 2010 | 20860010 |
| structure of a cation-bound multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter. | transporter proteins from the mate (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) family are vital in metabolite transport in plants, directly affecting crop yields worldwide. mate transporters also mediate multiple-drug resistance (mdr) in bacteria and mammals, modulating the efficacy of many pharmaceutical drugs used in the treatment of a variety of diseases. mate transporters couple substrate transport to electrochemical gradients and are the only remaining class of mdr transporters whose structure ... | 2010 | 20861838 |
| a bistable switch and anatomical site control vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression in the intestine. | a fundamental, but unanswered question in host-pathogen interactions is the timing, localization and population distribution of virulence gene expression during infection. here, microarray and in situ single cell expression methods were used to study vibrio cholerae growth and virulence gene expression during infection of the rabbit ligated ileal loop model of cholera. genes encoding the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) and cholera toxin (ct) were powerfully expressed early in the infectious proces ... | 2010 | 20862321 |
| treatment of cholera-like diarrhoea with oral rehydration. | cholera diarrhoea remains a major global health problem that has caused seven pandemics. the pathogenesis of cholera is attributable to the production of cholera toxin by the causative pathogen, vibrio cholerae. the toxin causes increased production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and this results in massive water and electrolyte secretion into the intestinal lumen. these changes manifest clinically as the painless defecation of voluminous stools that resemble 'rice water', leading to severe d ... | 2010 | 20863435 |
| stochastic dynamics of cholera epidemics. | we describe the predictions of an analytically tractable stochastic model for cholera epidemics following a single initial outbreak. the exact model relies on a set of assumptions that may restrict the generality of the approach and yet provides a realm of powerful tools and results. without resorting to the depletion of susceptible individuals, as usually assumed in deterministic susceptible-infected-recovered models, we show that a simple stochastic equation for the number of ill individuals p ... | 2010 | 20866255 |
| inhibition of vibrio cholerae biofilm by aiia enzyme produced from bacillus spp. | vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of water-borne diarrheal disease, cholera. the formation of biofilm favors survival and persistence of v. cholerae in the aquatic environment and also inside the host. ahl lactonase (aiia), a metallo-beta-lactamase produced by bacillus spp., blocks quorum sensing in gram-negative bacteria by hydrolyzing n-acyl-homoserine lactones (ahls). in the present investigation, aiia-mediated inhibition of v. cholerae biofilm was studied. two novel alleles of aiia-enco ... | 2010 | 20872263 |
| a case of nosocomial cholera during a community outbreak in a thai-myanmar border area. | the present study presents a case of nosocomial cholera in one general hospital located in a thai-myanmar border area. between may and october 2007, a community outbreak of cholera with 477 cases took place in mae sot district, tak province. a 71-year-old diabetic female who had undergone craniotomy following intracerebral hemorrhage contracted nosocomial cholera with mild diarrhea on august 6, 2007, 37 days after admission in a female ward of the mae sot hospital. she received a nasogastric tub ... | 2010 | 20873088 |
| high-resolution structure of the nitrile reductase quef combined with molecular simulations provide insight into enzyme mechanism. | here, we report the 1.53-å crystal structure of the enzyme 7-cyano-7-deazaguanine reductase (quef) from vibrio cholerae, which is responsible for the complete reduction of a nitrile (cn) bond to a primary amine (h(2)c-nh(2)). at present, this is the only example of a biological pathway that includes reduction of a nitrile bond, establishing quef as particularly noteworthy. the structure of the quef monomer resembles two connected ferrodoxin-like domains that assemble into dimers. ligands identif ... | 2010 | 20875425 |
| a novel and simple pcr walking method for rapid acquisition of long dna sequence flanking a known site in microbial genome. | acquisition of flanking sequence adjacent to a known dna site is an important task in microbial genome-related research. in this study, we developed a new method containing two rounds of pcr followed by cloning and sequencing. firstly, specific primer (sp) is added into the reaction system for primary locus-specific linear amplification, and then a complex long primer (clp) is added into the cooled reaction system for only one cycle. amplification products from the first round of pcr are directl ... | 2011 | 20878504 |
| antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of traditional thai herbal remedies for aphthous ulcers. | four medicinal plants (quercus infectoria, kaempferia galanga, coptis chinensis and glycyrrhiza uralensis) as well as one traditional thai treatment for aphthous ulcers based on these four plants were tested for antimicrobial activity. mic values for a range of bacteria and candida albicans were determined, with both type strains and clinical isolates being used. antioxidant activity was determined using the abts radical scavenging assay. among the four plants, q. infectoria showed antimicrobial ... | 2010 | 20878703 |
| cytotoxicity of vibrio cholerae on madin darby bovine kidney cells. | the cytotoxicity of cell-free culture filtrates of 31 isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139, 5 reference strains and 26 clinical isolates, was tested on madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells and vero cells. the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-y]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (mtt) test was used to detect the effect of the filtrates on the proliferation and viability of cultured cell populations. the filtrates were prepared from serial ten-fold dilutions of inoculated aki and apw broth media with ... | 2010 | 20884452 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of oral vaccines in developing countries: lessons from a live cholera vaccine. | oral vaccines, whether living or non-living, viral or bacterial, elicit diminished immune responses or have lower efficacy in developing countries than in developed countries. here i describe studies with a live oral cholera vaccine that include older children no longer deriving immune support from breast milk or maternal antibodies and that identify some of the factors accounting for the lower immunogenicity, as well as suggesting counter-measures that may enhance the effectiveness of oral immu ... | 2010 | 20920375 |
| studies on a novel serine protease of a δhapaδprtv vibrio cholerae o1 strain and its role in hemorrhagic response in the rabbit ileal loop model. | two well-characterized proteases secreted by vibrio cholerae o1 strains are hemagglutinin protease (hap) and v. cholerae protease (prtv). the hapa and prtv knock out mutant, v. cholerae o1 strain cha6.8δprtv, still retains residual protease activity. we initiated this study to characterize the protease present in cha6.8δprtv strain and study its role in pathogenesis in rabbit ileal loop model (ril). | 2010 | 20927349 |
| ecological study of vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments, okayama. | an ecological and molecular-epidemiological study of vibrio cholerae in some aquatic environments of okayama was carried out. the strains of non-o1/non-o139 were isolated frequently, and unconventional o1 strains were rarely observed. these non-o1/non-o139 strains did not have ctxa, the gene of choleratoxin, the major pathogenic factor of epidemic cholera, but possessed hlya, a gene encoding hemolysin thought to be a pathogenic factor for sporadic diarrhea or food poisoning. furthermore these st ... | 2010 | 20938097 |
| satellite phage tlcφ enables toxigenic conversion by ctx phage through dif site alteration. | bacterial chromosomes often carry integrated genetic elements (for example plasmids, transposons, prophages and islands) whose precise function and contribution to the evolutionary fitness of the host bacterium are unknown. the ctxφ prophage, which encodes cholera toxin in vibrio cholerae, is known to be adjacent to a chromosomally integrated element of unknown function termed the toxin-linked cryptic (tlc). here we report the characterization of a tlc-related element that corresponds to the gen ... | 2010 | 20944629 |
| in vitro and in vivo expression of virulence genes in vibrio isolates belonging to the harveyi clade in relation to their virulence towards gnotobiotic brine shrimp (artemia franciscana). | vibrios belonging to the harveyi clade are pathogenic marine bacteria affecting both vertebrates and invertebrates, thereby causing a severe threat to the aquaculture industry. in this study, the expression of haemolysin, metalloprotease, serine protease, the quorum sensing master regulator luxr and the virulence regulator toxr in different harveyi clade isolates was measured with reverse transcriptase real-time pcr with specific primers. there was relatively low variation in the in vitro expres ... | 2010 | 20946530 |
| rgb colour coding of y-shaped dna for simultaneous tri-analyte solid phase hybridization detection. | we present a new concept for tri-analyte dna detection based on the idea of a y-shaped capture probe which, after tri-target and fluorescently labeled reporter probe binding, becomes colour-coded to generate images in an rgb colour scheme. hence, the rgb value of the resulting secondary pseudo-colour presented by the hybridized y-dna can be related to the ratio of the primary pseudo-colours present in its make-up, and thus to the ratio of the three target concentrations. as a proof of concept we ... | 2010 | 20947332 |
| the tricarboxylic acid cycle in shewanella oneidensis is independent of fur and ryhb control. | it is well established in e. coli and vibrio cholerae that strains harboring mutations in the ferric uptake regulator gene (fur) are unable to utilize tricarboxylic acid (tca) compounds, due to the down-regulation of key tca cycle enzymes, such as acna and sdhabcd. this down-regulation is mediated by a fur-regulated small regulatory rna named ryhb. it is unclear in the γ-proteobacterium s. oneidensis whether tca is also regulated by fur and ryhb. | 2010 | 20950482 |
| vibrio cholerae pare2 poisons dna gyrase via a mechanism distinct from other gyrase inhibitors. | dna gyrase is an essential bacterial enzyme required for the maintenance of chromosomal dna topology. this enzyme is the target of several protein toxins encoded in toxin-antitoxin (ta) loci as well as of man-made antibiotics such as quinolones. the genome of vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, contains three putative ta loci that exhibit modest similarity to the rk2 plasmid-borne parde ta locus, which is thought to target gyrase although its mechanism of action is uncharacterized. here we in ... | 2010 | 20952390 |
| health effects of the 1991 bangladesh cyclone: report of a unicef evaluation team. | to assess the impact on health of the cyclone and tidal wave that struck the southern coast of bangladesh on the evening of 29 april 1991, a team of health professionals visited cyclone affected areas from 4-27 june, 1991. team members met with health workers and officials of the government of bangladesh and with staff pom nongovernmental organizations, and conducted field surveys in two severely affected areas. mortality among the 135 households surveyed (pre-cyclone population 1,123) was 14 pe ... | 1993 | 20958764 |
| environmental influences on the distribution of the incidence of cholera: a case study in quelimane, mozambique. | cholera continues to cause widespread suffering in many parts of the world. previous research has mainly described modes of transmission and has correctly indicated the role of predisposing socio-economic conditions in affected areas. little field research has been carried out, however, in endemic zones, on the contribution of physical characteristics in environmental reservoirs which prolong the survival time or increase the toxigeneity of vibrio cholerae 01, despite substantial indication of t ... | 1993 | 20958774 |
| the liposome pcr assay is more sensitive than the vibrio cholerae enterotoxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination test at detecting cholera toxin in feces and water. | practical detection of cholera toxin (ct) by a liposome pcr (lpcr) immunoassay was compared to that of an established v. cholerae enterotoxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination (vet-rpla) assay. lpcr detected ct in the range of 10 pg/ml to 100 ng/ml in simulated feces and environmental water. detection by vet-rpla required at least 4 to 19 ng/ml ct. | 2010 | 20962142 |
| an acute gastroenteritis outbreak of vibrio parahaemolyticus o4:k55 in nursing college, thailand. | a cluster of acute gastroenteritis among nursing students was noticed on 13th september 2005. between 13th and 17th september 2005, a retrospective cohort study was then conducted to identify the most likely cause of gastroenteritis at a nursing college in bangkok, thailand. self-administered questionnaires, interviews, environmental investigations, and rectal swabs from all participants were carried out. in the investigation, 98.9% female nursing students were investigated and had completed the ... | 2010 | 20962724 |
| gastrointestinal helminthiasis presenting with acute diarrhoea and constipation: report of two cases with a second pathology. | gastrointestinal helminthiasis in developing countries contributes to malnutrition and anemia. diagnosis and treatment of helminthiasis, especially with low worm load is an unmet public health need in such settings. the infection may sometimes become manifest when a second pathology leads to purgation of the gastrointestinal tract. two cases of helminthiasis are presented in which the infections only became amenable to diagnosis due to acute diarrhoea caused by giardiasis and lactulose administr ... | 2010 | 20962736 |
| structural biology: last of the multidrug transporters. | 2010 | 20962836 | |
| taga is a secreted protease of vibrio cholerae that specifically cleaves mucin glycoproteins. | vibrio cholerae is a human diarrhoeal pathogen that is a major cause of gastrointestinal disease and death worldwide. pathogenic v. cholerae strains are characterized by the presence of a vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi) that encodes virulence factors, including the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp). taga is encoded within the vpi and is positively co-regulated with cholera toxin and tcp. taga is a sequelogue of the stce mucinase of escherichia coli o157 : h7. we investigated whether this sequence ... | 2010 | 20966091 |
| characterization of novel alleles of toxin co-regulated pilus a gene (tcpa) from environmental isolates of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is causative agent of life threatening diarrheal disease, cholera. the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) is a critical colonization factor of v. cholerae and it also serves as receptor for ctxф. in this study, we describe nucleotide sequence of four novel alleles of tcpa gene from toxigenic and non-toxigenic v. cholerae isolated from environmental sources. the phylogenetic analysis of tcpa revealed that it is related to tcpa of newly emerged o1 strain and unrelated to tcpa of wild t ... | 2010 | 20967447 |
| type vi secretion regulation: crosstalk and intracellular communication. | pathogens use type vi secretion systems (t6sss) to transport proteins into the environment or host cells in response to external stimuli. t6sss are tightly regulated together with other virulence determinants such as type iii secretion systems, quorum sensing (qs), and flagella synthesis. five pathogens (salmonella enterica, edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio cholerae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) are examined for crosstalk proteins (global regulators) that connect t6sss to other vi ... | 2011 | 20971679 |
| the vibrio cholerae type vi secretion system displays antimicrobial properties. | the acute diarrheal disease cholera is caused by the marine bacterium vibrio cholerae. a type vi secretion system (t6ss), which is structurally similar to the bacteriophage cell-puncturing device, has been recently identified in v. cholerae and is used by this organism to confer virulence toward phagocytic eukaryotes, such as j774 murine macrophages and dictyostelium discoideum. we tested the interbacterial virulence of v. cholerae strain v52, an o37 serogroup with a constitutively active t6ss. ... | 2010 | 20974937 |
| conjugative dna transfer induces the bacterial sos response and promotes antibiotic resistance development through integron activation. | conjugation is one mechanism for intra- and inter-species horizontal gene transfer among bacteria. conjugative elements have been instrumental in many bacterial species to face the threat of antibiotics, by allowing them to evolve and adapt to these hostile conditions. conjugative plasmids are transferred to plasmidless recipient cells as single-stranded dna. we used lacz and gfp fusions to address whether conjugation induces the sos response and the integron integrase. the sos response controls ... | 2010 | 20975940 |
| on the discovery of the nature of cholera toxin in india. | this brief account looks at the discovery of the nature of cholera toxin in india. during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries research on cholera was being carried out in bombay and calcutta. robert koch visited india in 1883 and isolated and purified vibrio cholera the following year.this paper considers the contribution of dr sambhu nath de, known best as s. n. de, (1915-1985) to cholera toxin discovery and notes the 2009 conference which honoured his memory. | 2010 | 20977152 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, western africa. | 2010 | 21029554 | |
| small rna target genes and regulatory connections in the vibrio cholerae quorum sensing system. | the two-component quorum sensing (qs) system, first described in the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi and evolutionarily conserved among members of the genus vibrio, has been best studied in the human pathogen vibrio cholerae (1, 2). in the v. cholerae qs system, the response to the accumulation of extracellular autoinducers triggers a signaling cascade resulting in the transcription of four small regulatory rnas (srnas). our results support the model that the qs srnas bind to the 5' untranslated ... | 2011 | 21031313 |
| [antibacterial susceptibility/resistance of vibrio cholerae eltor clinical strains isolated in the caucasus during the seventh cholera pandemic]. | the data on antibacterial susceptibility and resistance of vibrio cholerae eltor phenotypes with different sets of the susceptibility or resistance markers conditioning the outbreaks and sporadic cases of cholera in the caucasus within 1970-1998 are presented. an increase of the number of the vibrio cholerae phenotypes resistant to tetracycline and chloramphenicol usually used in the treatment of cholera was recorded in 1990-1994 vs. 1970-1989. the el tor cholera vibrios stored on synthetic medi ... | 2010 | 21033468 |
| lactic acid as a potential decontaminant of selected foodborne pathogenic bacteria in shrimp (penaeus merguiensis de man). | fresh raw shrimps were dipped for 10, 20, and 30 min at room temperature (25°c ± 1°c) in lactic acid (la; 1.5%, 3.0%, v/v) to evaluate their antipathogenic effects against vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, salmonella entreitidis, and escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated at a level of 10(5) cfu/g. significant reductions in the population of all these pathogenic bacteria were recorded after dipping treatments, which were correlated to the corresponding la concentrations and treatment time. ... | 2010 | 21034165 |
| a fadd mutant of vibrio cholerae is impaired in the production of virulence factors and membrane localization of the virulence regulatory protein tcpp. | in the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae, expression of the major virulence factors is controlled by the hierarchical expression of several regulatory proteins comprising the toxr regulon. in this study, we demonstrate that disruption of the fadd gene encoding a long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme a ligase has marked effects on expression of the toxr virulence regulon, motility, and in vivo lethality of v. cholerae. in the v. cholerae fadd mutant, expression of the major virulence genes ctxab and tcpa ... | 2010 | 21041490 |
| genetic analysis of the capsule polysaccharide (k antigen) and exopolysaccharide genes in pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus o3:k6. | pandemic vibrio parahaemolyticus has undergone rapid changes in both k- and o-antigens, making detection of outbreaks more difficult. in order to understand these rapid changes, the genetic regions encoding these antigens must be examined. in vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus, both o-antigen and capsular polysaccharides are encoded in a single region on the large chromosome; a similar arrangement in pandemic v. parahaemolyticus would help explain the rapid serotype changes. however, previous ... | 2010 | 21044320 |
| emergence of tetracycline resistance in vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor serotype ogawa from north india. | 2010 | 21045454 | |
| cholera outbreak --- haiti, october 2010. | an outbreak of cholera is ongoing in haiti. on october 21, 2010, toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1, serotype ogawa, biotype el tor was identified by the national laboratory of public health of the ministry of public health and population in haiti. identification of the isolate was confirmed by cdc. antimicrobial susceptibility testing of selected v. cholerae o1 isolates conducted at the national laboratory of public health and at cdc demonstrated susceptibility to tetracycline (susceptibility to this ... | 2010 | 21048563 |
| interaction of vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 with copepods, cladocerans and competing bacteria in the large alkaline lake neusiedler see, austria. | vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen and natural inhabitant of aquatic environments. serogroups o1/o139 have been associated with epidemic cholera, while non-o1/non-o139 serogroups usually cause human disease other than classical cholera. v. cholerae non-o1/non-o139 from the neusiedler see, a large central european lake, have caused ear and wound infections, including one case of fatal septicaemia. recent investigations demonstrated rapid planktonic growth of v. cholerae non-o1/non-o139 and corre ... | 2010 | 21049271 |
| infectious diseases. haiti's outbreak is latest in cholera's new global assault. | 2010 | 21051601 | |
| structural characterization of metalloprotease vibriolysin of cholera pathogen vibrio cholerae. | vibriolysin is among several zinc metalloproteases produced by vibrio cholerae. it is involved in the molecular pathogenicity of cholera. here, we cloned and expressed full-length vibriolysin gene from v. cholerae. electrophoretic and mass spectrometric data showed that the n-terminal pro-peptide was removed from pro-vibriolysin generating a 45-kda segment containing the metalloprotease plus the c-terminal domains, and the 35 kda metalloprotease. the 35 kda metalloprotease segment of vibriolysin ... | 2011 | 21054266 |
| characterization of filamentous bacteriophage pe226 infecting ralstonia solanacearum strains. | the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize new bacteriophages that infect a wide range of plant pathogenic ralstonia solanacearum strains. | 2010 | 21054700 |
| effects of conjugated and unconjugated bile acids on the activity of the vibrio cholerae porin ompt. | during infection, the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae encounters a bile-containing environment. previous studies have shown that bile and/or bile acids exert several effects on the virulence and physiology of the bacterial cells. these observations have led to the suggestion that bile acids may play a signaling role in infection. we have previously reported that the bile component deoxycholic acid blocks the general diffusion porin ompt in a dose-dependent manner, presumably as it transits thro ... | 2010 | 21067451 |
| conventional and molecular methods to detect bacterial pathogens in mussels. | to detect aeromonas spp., salmonella spp., vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in mussels and water samples from a farming area, conventional and molecular methods were applied to enrichment cultures. | 2010 | 21070267 |
| recombination shapes the structure of an environmental vibrio cholerae population. | vibrio cholerae consists of pathogenic strains that cause sporadic gastrointestinal illness or epidemic cholera disease and nonpathogenic strains that grow and persist in coastal aquatic ecosystems. previous studies of disease-causing strains have shown v. cholerae to be a primarily clonal bacterial species, but isolates analyzed have been strongly biased toward pathogenic genotypes, while representing only a small sample of the vast diversity in environmental strains. in this study, we characte ... | 2010 | 21075874 |
| comparative genomics of clinical and environmental vibrio mimicus. | whether vibrio mimicus is a variant of vibrio cholerae or a separate species has been the subject of taxonomic controversy. a genomic analysis was undertaken to resolve the issue. the genomes of v. mimicus mb451, a clinical isolate, and vm223, an environmental isolate, comprise ca. 4,347,971 and 4,313,453 bp and encode 3,802 and 3,290 orfs, respectively. as in other vibrios, chromosome i (c-i) predominantly contains genes necessary for growth and viability, whereas chromosome ii (c-ii) bears gen ... | 2010 | 21078967 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization vibrio cholerae o139 of clinical and aquatic isolates in china. | to enhance the understanding of epidemiological impact of environmental vibrio cholerae o139 strains, we characterized 10 clinical and 20 environmental isolates collected from human clinical samples and pear river estuary during 2006 to 2008. isolates were tested by pcr for eight virulence genes: cholera toxin (ctxa), zonula occludens toxin (zot), accessory cholera enterotoxin (ace), hemolysin (hlya), nag-specific heat-stable toxin (st), toxin-coregulated pilus (tcpa), outer membrane protein (om ... | 2010 | 21079963 |
| quorum sensing and a global regulator tsra control expression of type vi secretion and virulence in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen that causes the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera. a type vi secretion system (t6ss) was recently shown to be required for full virulence in the o37 serogroup strain v52, which causes only sporadic human disease, but t6ss is not expressed in seventh pandemic o1 el tor strains under standard laboratory conditions. in this study, we show that in the o1 el tor strain c6706, t6ss is repressed by both quorum sensing and the uncharacterized protein vc0070 ( ... | 2010 | 21084635 |
| update: cholera outbreak --- haiti, 2010. | on october 19, 2010, the haitian ministry of public health and population (mspp) was notified of unusually high numbers of patients from artibonite and centre departments who had acute watery diarrhea and dehydration, in some cases leading to death. within 4 days, the national public health laboratory (lnsp) in haiti isolated vibrio cholerae serogroup o1, serotype ogawa, from stool specimens obtained from patients in the affected areas by an investigation team from mspp and cdc haiti. this repor ... | 2010 | 21085088 |
| comparison of amplified fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for subtyping of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139. | molecular typing of vibrio cholerae strains is a powerful tool for the surveillance of cholera. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) is considered to be a powerful subtyping technique to distinguish bacterial strains at the genetic level. optimization and standardization of aflp protocol is required to allow data comparisons across different laboratories in a surveillance network. here, we performed aflp using different restriction enzymes and primer pairs for subtyping of v. cholerae s ... | 2010 | 21091215 |
| a bacterial two-hybrid system that utilizes gateway cloning for rapid screening of protein-protein interactions. | comprehensive clone sets representing the entire genome now exist for a large number of organisms. the gateway entry clone sets are a particularly useful means to study gene function, given the ease of introduction into any gateway-suitable destination vector. we have adapted a bacterial two-hybrid system for use with gateway entry clone sets, such that potential interactions between proteins encoded within these clone sets can be determined by new destination vectors. we show that utilizing the ... | 2010 | 21091448 |
| the vibrio cholerae virulence regulatory cascade controls glucose uptake through activation of tara, a small regulatory rna. | vibrio cholerae causes the severe diarrhoeal disease cholera. a cascade of regulators controls expression of virulence determinants in v. cholerae at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. toxt is the direct transcription activator of the major virulence genes in v. cholerae. here we describe tara, a highly conserved, small regulatory rna, whose transcription is activated by toxt from toxboxes present upstream of the toxt-activated gene tcpi. tara regulates ptsg, encoding a major ... | 2010 | 21091503 |
| genetic screening for bacterial mutants in liquid growth media by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. | many bacterial pathogens have defined in vitro virulence inducing conditions in liquid media which lead to production of virulence factors important during an infection. identifying mutants that no longer respond to virulence inducing conditions will increase our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis. however, traditional genetic screens require growth on solid media. bacteria in a single colony are in every phase of the growth curve, which complicates the analysis and makes screens for growth ... | 2010 | 21094189 |
| identification of a tertiary interaction important for cooperative ligand binding by the glycine riboswitch. | the glycine riboswitch has a tandem dual aptamer configuration, where each aptamer is a separate ligand-binding domain, but the aptamers function together to bind glycine cooperatively. we sought to understand the molecular basis of glycine riboswitch cooperativity by comparing sites of tertiary contacts in a series of cooperative and noncooperative glycine riboswitch mutants using hydroxyl radical footprinting, in-line probing, and native gel-shift studies. the results illustrate the importance ... | 2010 | 21098652 |
| cholera tightens grip on haiti. | 2010 | 21107395 | |
| pathogen-host interactions in dictyostelium, legionella, mycobacterium and other pathogens. | dictyostelium discoideum is a haploid social soil amoeba that is an established host model for several human pathogens. the research areas presently pursued include the use of d. discoideum to identify genetic host factors determining the outcome of infections and the use as screening system for identifying bacterial virulence factors. here we report about the legionella pneumophila directed phagosome biogenesis and the cell-to-cell spread of mycobacterium species. moreover, we highlight recent ... | 2010 | 21109012 |
| synthesis, antimicrobial and anticancer activity of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives. | thiosemicarbazones of p-aminobenzoic acid (paba) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. hydroxamate derivatives 4a-4l were found to have better antimicrobial and anticancer activity than their acid counterpart. compound 4d was found to have good antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, and bacillus subtilis with ic(50) value of about 1 µm. compound 4f showed potent antifungal activity aga ... | 2010 | 21110310 |
| presence of genes for type iii secretion system 2 in vibrio mimicus strains. | vibrios, which include more than 100 species, are ubiquitous in marine and estuarine environments, and several of them e.g. vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus and v. mimicus, are pathogens for humans. pathogenic v. parahaemolyticus strains possess two sets of genes for type iii secretion system (t3ss), t3ss1 and t3ss2. the latter are critical for virulence of the organism and be classified into two distinct phylogroups, t3ss2α and t3ss2β, which are reportedly also found in patho ... | 2010 | 21110901 |
| cholera's western front. | 2010 | 21112083 | |
| modeling pilus structures from sparse data. | bacterial type ii secretion systems (t2ss) and type iv pili (t4p) biogenesis machineries share the ability to assemble thin filaments from pilin protein subunits in the plasma membrane. here we describe in detail the calculation strategy that served to determine a detailed atomic model of the t2ss pilus from klebsiella oxytoca (campos et al., pnas 2010). the strategy is based on molecular modeling with generalized distance restraints and experimental validation (salt bridge charge inversion; dou ... | 2010 | 21115127 |
| the three vibrio cholerae chromosome ii-encoded pare toxins degrade chromosome i following loss of chromosome ii. | three homologues of the plasmid rk2 parde toxin-antitoxin system are present in the vibrio cholerae genome within the superintegron on chromosome ii. here we found that these three loci-two of which have identical open reading frames and regulatory sequences-encode functional toxin-antitoxin systems. the pare toxins inhibit bacterial division and reduce viability, presumably due to their capacity to damage dna. the in vivo effects of pare1/3 mimic those of pare2, which we have previously demonst ... | 2010 | 21115657 |
| excision dynamics of vibrio pathogenicity island-2 from vibrio cholerae: role of a recombination directionality factor vefa. | vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (vpi-2) is a 57 kb region present in choleragenic v. cholerae isolates that is required for growth on sialic acid as a sole carbon source. v. cholerae non-o1/o139 pathogenic strains also contain vpi-2, which in addition to sialic acid catabolism genes also encodes a type 3 secretion system in these strains. vpi-2 integrates into chromosome 1 at a trna-serine site and encodes an integrase intv2 (vc1758) that belongs to the tyrosine recombinase family. intv2 is requir ... | 2010 | 21118541 |
| [travellers' compliance with the use of an oral cholera vaccine]. | a questionnaire study was performed amongst subjects travelling to high-risk areas for traveller's diarrhoea and who had been prescribed the oral cholera vaccine dukoral. the study was performed in 2006 at two travel medicine centres in northern italy. one-hundred subjects participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. compliance with the vaccine was very good (83.2%) and no serious adverse reactions were reported. 14.3% of vaccinated subjects reported diarrhoea. | 2010 | 21132038 |
| newly discovered and characterized antivirulence compounds inhibit bacterial mono-adp-ribosyltransferase toxins. | the mono-adp-ribosyltransferase toxins are bacterial virulence factors that contribute to many disease states in plants, animals, and humans. these toxins function as enzymes that target various host proteins and covalently attach an adp-ribose moiety that alters target protein function. we tested compounds from a virtual screen of commercially available compounds combined with a directed poly(adp-ribose) polymerase (parp) inhibitor library and found several compounds that bind tightly and inhib ... | 2010 | 21135177 |
| crystallization of the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na+-nqr) from the human pathogen vibrio cholerae couples the exergonic oxidation of nadh by membrane-bound quinone to na+ translocation across the membrane. na+-nqr consists of six different subunits (nqra-nqrf) and contains a [2fe-2s] cluster, a noncovalently bound fad, a noncovalently bound riboflavin, two covalently bound fmns and potentially q8 as cofactors. initial crystallization of the entire na+-nqr complex was achieved by the sitting-dr ... | 2010 | 21139223 |
| the use of genetic typing methods to discriminate among strains of vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus. | this review article summarizes the findings of recent typing studies conducted on vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus. the dna-based methods used to type the vibrio spp. include whole genome approaches, such as pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), ribotyping, and repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep)-pcr, single gene targets, and multiple gene targets (multilocus approaches). the goals of these studies include establishing the relatedness of isolates from disease epidem ... | 2010 | 21140669 |
| the origin of the haitian cholera outbreak strain. | although cholera has been present in latin america since 1991, it had not been epidemic in haiti for at least 100 years. recently, however, there has been a severe outbreak of cholera in haiti. | 2010 | 21142692 |
| structural insights into ligand recognition by a sensing domain of the cooperative glycine riboswitch. | glycine riboswitches regulate gene expression by feedback modulation in response to cooperative binding to glycine. here, we report on crystal structures of the second glycine-sensing domain from the vibrio cholerae riboswitch in the ligand-bound and unbound states. this domain adopts a three-helical fold that centers on a three-way junction and accommodates glycine within a bulge-containing binding pocket above the junction. glycine recognition is facilitated by a pair of bound mg(2+) cations a ... | 2010 | 21145485 |
| five complementary interventions to slow cholera: haiti. | 2010 | 21146206 | |
| multidrug resistant vibrio cholerae o1 el tor carrying classical ctxb allele involved in a cholera outbreak in south western india. | cholera is a fatal diarrheal disease characterized with enormous fluid loss through stools. a total of 41 vibrio cholerae isolates collected from a recent cholera outbreak in solapur, south western india were found to belong to serogroup o1, biotype el tor and serotype ogawa. molecular analysis revealed the prevalence of different toxigenic and pathogenic genes in the isolates. all the isolates harboured rstr(el)(tor) allele indicating the presence of ctxφ(el)(tor). however, cholera toxin (ctxb) ... | 2010 | 21147057 |
| investigation of a cholera outbreak in ethiopia's oromiya region. | objectives: in late june 2006, ethiopia's oromiya region was affected by an outbreak of acute watery diarrhea, subsequently confirmed to be caused by vibrio cholerae o1, a pathogen not known to be endemic to this area. despite initial control efforts, the outbreak quickly spread to neighboring zones and regions. the oromiya health bureau required public health assistance to investigate the outbreak, determine potential causes, and assess the adequacy of the response, particularly given the conc ... | 2010 | 21149233 |
| update: outbreak of cholera ---haiti, 2010. | the first cholera outbreak in haiti in at least a century was confirmed by the haitian national public health laboratory on october 21, 2010. surveillance data through december 3, provided by the haitian ministry of public health and population (mspp), indicated that the outbreak had spread nationwide and that cases of cholera and cholera-associated hospitalizations and deaths had climbed rapidly in november. as of december 3, mspp reported 91,770 cases of cholera from all 10 departments and the ... | 2010 | 21150867 |
| functional analysis of vopf activity required for colonization in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative facultative pathogen, is the etiologic agent for the diarrheal disease cholera. we previously characterized a clinical isolate, am-19226, that translocates a type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector protein with actin-nucleating activity, vopf, into the host cells. from comparative genomic studies, we identified a divergent t3ss island in additional isolates which possess a vopf homolog, vopn. unlike the vopf-mediated protrusion formation, vopn localizes to stre ... | 2010 | 21151774 |
| unusual case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio cholerae o137. | we report a case of necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio cholerae o137 in an immunocompromised 49-year-old man. the infection was acquired following a minor traumatic injury and exposure to seawater during the summer of 2009 in italy. although highly immunocompromised, the patient survived. the strain was cytotoxic, invasive, and adhesive and contained a fragment of the el tor-like hemolysin (el tor hlya) gene. | 2010 | 21159937 |
| development of a single base extension-tag microarray for the detection of pathogenic vibrio species in seafood. | in this study, a single base extension-tag array on glass slides (sbe-tags) microarray was established to detect the seven leading seafood-borne pathogens, including vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio mimicus, vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio anguillarum, and vibrio harveyi. three multiplex pcr assays were developed to specifically target the following species with individual gene markers, which are aads, tdh, and trh for v. parahaemolyticus; col, toxr, and vvh for v ... | 2010 | 21161212 |
| evidence-based point-of-care tests and device designs for disaster preparedness. | to define pathogen tests and device specifications needed for emerging point-of-care (poc) technologies used in disasters. | 2010 | 21162410 |
| vibrio cholerae: lessons for mucosal vaccine design. | the ability of vibrio cholerae to persist in bodies of water will continue to confound our ability to eradicate cholera through improvements to infrastructure, and thus cholera vaccines are needed. we aim for an inexpensive vaccine that can provide long-lasting protection from all epidemic cholera infections, currently caused by o1 or o139 serogroups. recent insights into correlates of protection, epidemiology and pathogenesis may help us design improved vaccines. this notwithstanding, we have c ... | 2011 | 21162623 |
| genotypic characterization of vibrio cholerae isolates using several dna fingerprint techniques. | serious pandemics of cholera have occurred throughout the known history of mankind, especially in india, which is a motherland for cholera disease. for the last 20 years several dna-based typing methods have been employed to study the clonal relatedness between vibrio cholerae isolates irrespective of their geographical locations. traditional typing methods, such as biochemical tests, phage typing, serotyping, biotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility tests, have produced reliable and informati ... | 2011 | 21162634 |
| [development of multiplex real time pcr methodology for better identification and discrimination of vibrio cholerae and o139 serotype.] | objective: to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific assay method, based on multiplex real time pcr for identifying vibrio cholerae and distinguishing vibrio cholerae o139 serotype from vibrio cholerae. methods: cholera toxin a subunit gene (ctxa) and glycosyltransferase gene (lpsgt) were chosen as targets according to vibrio cholerae and vibrio cholerae o139 serotype, and then the primers and taqman-mgb probe were designed. the 5'end of probes was labeled with fam and vic fluoresceins respecti ... | 2010 | 21162870 |
| [outbreak of cholera associated with consumption of soft-shelled turtles, sichuan province, china, 2009.] | objective: vibrio cholera was extremely rare in sichuan province(no cases in 2008). any outbreak could indicate contamination through the food supply system. in july 2009, a hospital reported a cluster of 7 diarrhea patients;all attended the same banquet. one patient was confirmed to have vibrio cholera (o139). we conducted this investigation to identify the source of this possible cholera outbreak. methods: we defined a suspect case as any banquet attendee with diarrhea (≥ 3 times/day). a confi ... | 2010 | 21162875 |
| replication patterns and organization of replication forks in vibrio cholerae. | we have investigated the replication patterns of the two chromosomes of the bacterium vibrio cholerae grown in four different media. by combining flow cytometry and quantitative real-time pcr with computer simulations, we show that in rich media, v. cholerae cells grow with overlapping replication cycles of both the large chromosome (chri) and the small chromosome (chrii). in luria-bertani (lb) medium, initiation occurs at four copies of the chri origin and two copies of the chrii origin. replic ... | 2010 | 21163839 |
| h-ns binding and repression of the ctx promoter in vibrio cholerae. | expression of the ctx and tcp genes, which encode cholera toxin and the toxin coregulated pilus, the vibrio cholerae o1 virulence determinants having the largest contribution to cholera disease, is repressed by the nucleoid-associated protein h-ns and activated by the arac-like transcriptional regulator toxt. to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which h-ns controls transcription of the ctxab operon, h-ns repression and binding were characterized by using a promoter truncation series, gel mobi ... | 2010 | 21169492 |
| cholera- and anthrax-like toxins are among several new adp-ribosyltransferases. | chelt, a cholera-like toxin from vibrio cholerae, and certhrax, an anthrax-like toxin from bacillus cereus, are among six new bacterial protein toxins we identified and characterized using in silico and cell-based techniques. we also uncovered medically relevant toxins from mycobacterium avium and enterococcus faecalis. we found agriculturally relevant toxins in photorhabdus luminescens and vibrio splendidus. these toxins belong to the adp-ribosyltransferase family that has conserved structure d ... | 2010 | 21170356 |
| in silico prediction of drug targets in vibrio cholerae. | identification of potential drug targets is the first step in the process of modern drug discovery, subjected to their validation and drug development. whole genome sequences of a number of organisms allow prediction of potential drug targets using sequence comparison approaches. here, we present a subtractive approach exploiting the knowledge of global gene expression along with sequence comparisons to predict the potential drug targets more efficiently. based on the knowledge of 155 known viru ... | 2010 | 21174131 |
| update on cholera --- haiti, dominican republic, and florida, 2010. | on october 21, 2010, a cholera outbreak was confirmed by the haitian national public health laboratory. by november 19, the outbreak had reached every department of the country, and by december 17, a total of 121,518 cases of cholera, resulting in 63,711 hospitalizations and 2,591 deaths, had been reported. by november 16, additional cases of cholera had been confirmed in the neighboring dominican republic and in florida. several confirmed cases in the dominican republic and all confirmed u.s. c ... | 2010 | 21178947 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new n-substituted quinoline derivatives of 1h-pyrazole. | a new series of 32 derivatives of 4-pyrazolyl-n-(hetero)arylquinoline 5a-p and 6a-p were synthesized by a one-pot base-catalyzed cyclocondensation reaction of 1-phenyl-3-(hetero)aryl-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde 1a-h, malononitrile 2, and 3-(hetero)aryl-5,5-disubstitutedcyclohex-2-enone 3a-b or 4a-b, respectively. all the synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, ft-ir, (1)h-nmr, and (13)c-nmr spectral data. all the synthesized compounds were screened, against six bacterial path ... | 2010 | 21181734 |
| global microbial ecology: biogeography and diversity of vibrios as a model. | an environmental source of cholera was hypothesized as early as the late nineteenth century by robert koch, but not proven because of the ability of vibrio cholera, the causative agent of cholera, to enter a dormant phase between epidemics. standard bacteriological procedures for isolation of the vibrios from the environmental samples, including water, between epidemics generally were unsuccessful. vibrio cholera, a marine vibrio requiring salt for growth, enters into a dormant 'viable but non-c ... | 1998 | 21182702 |
| development of a dry reagent-based triplex pcr for the detection of toxigenic and non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae has caused severe outbreaks of cholera worldwide with thousands of recorded deaths annually. molecular diagnosis for cholera has become increasingly important for rapid detection of cholera as the conventional methods are time-consuming and labour intensive. however, traditional pcr tests still require cold-chain transportation and storage as well as trained personnel to perform, which makes them user-unfriendly. the aim of this study was to develop a thermostabilized triplex pcr ... | 2010 | 21183596 |
| spread of the qnrvc quinolone resistance determinant in vibrio cholerae. | 2011 | 21183688 | |
| cloning and molecular analysis of a mannitol operon of phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase (pts) type from vibrio cholerae o395. | a putative mannitol operon of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase (pts) type was cloned from vibrio cholerae o395, and its activity was studied in escherichia coli. the 3.9-kb operon comprising three genes is organized as mtladr. based on the sequence analysis, these were identified as genes encoding a putative mannitol-specific enzyme iicba (eii(mtl)) component (mtla), a mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtld), and a mannitol operon repressor (mtlr). the transport of [(3)h]mannitol by ... | 2010 | 21184218 |
| characterization of the novel antibacterial peptide leucrocin from crocodile (crocodylus siamensis) white blood cell extracts. | four novel antibacterial peptides, leucrocin i-iv from siamese crocodile white blood cell extracts were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). leucrocins exhibit strong antibacterial activity towards staphylococcus epidermidis, salmonella typhi and vibrio cholerae. the peptides were 7-10 residues in length with different primary structure. the amino acid sequence of leucrocin i is ngvqpky with molecular mass around 806.99 da and leucrocin ii is nagsllsgwg wit ... | 2010 | 21184776 |
| induction of immune memory by a multisubunit chlamydial vaccine. | we tested the hypothesis that intramuscular immunization with a multisubunit chlamydial vaccine candidate will induce long lasting immune responses in mice. accordingly, groups of female c57bl/6 mice were immunized intramuscularly with vibrio cholerae ghosts (vcg) expressing the poring b and polymorphic membrane protein-d proteins of chlamydia trachomatis or a control antigen. humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were evaluated following immunization and after live chlamydial infection. im ... | 2010 | 21184858 |
| effect of neem extract against the bacteria isolated from marine fish. | marine ornamental fishes are exceedingly valuable due to their high demand in domestic and international markets. there is a growing global interest to rear the fishes in captivity. but problem due to bacteria and fungi are the major hitch in captive condition. since, the use of antibiotics is banned, an attempt was made to ascertain in vitro assay of the neem leaves extract against the bacterial pathogens isolated from infected fishes. bacterial strains isolated from infected regions of the clo ... | 2010 | 21186711 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 infection in taiwan. | 2010 | 21187112 | |
| vibrio cholerae anaerobic induction of virulence gene expression is controlled by thiol-based switches of virulence regulator aphb. | bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated signal transduction systems to coordinately control the expression of virulence determinants. for example, the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is able to respond to host environmental signals by activating transcriptional regulatory cascades. the host signals that stimulate v. cholerae virulence gene expression, however, are still poorly understood. previous proteomic studies indicated that the ambient oxygen concentration plays a role in v. cholerae ... | 2010 | 21187377 |