Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| the cyclic amp (camp)-camp receptor protein signaling system mediates resistance of vibrio cholerae o1 strains to multiple environmental bacteriophages. | toxigenic vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the epidemic diarrheal disease cholera, interacts with diverse environmental bacteriophages. these interactions promote genetic diversity or cause selective enrichment of phage-resistant bacterial clones. to identify bacterial genes involved in mediating the phage-resistant phenotype, we screened a transposon insertion library of v. cholerae o1 el tor biotype strain c6706 to identify mutants showing altered susceptibility to a panel of phages iso ... | 2010 | 20472740 |
| attenuation of virulence in vibrio cholerae. | 1967 | 20475875 | |
| genetic heterogeneity of non-o1 and non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolates from shrimp aquaculture system: a comparison of rs-, rep- and eric-pcr fingerprinting approaches. | the genetic diversity of vibrio cholerae isolated from black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) aquaculture farms was determined using three pcr typing methods based on enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequences, ribosomal gene spacer (rs) sequence and repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) sequences. | 2010 | 20477960 |
| cholera incidence among patients with diarrhea visiting national public health laboratory, nepal. | the major objective of this study was to deliver vital statistics related to cholera to health authorities so as to aid in their attempt to prioritize communicable diseases in nepal. a laboratory-based surveillance was conducted from mid-june 2008 to mid-january 2009 at the national public health laboratory, nepal. diarrheal samples alone were processed for vibrio cholerae. isolation and identification of the organisms were carried out as per standard protocol. antimicrobial susceptibility tests ... | 2010 | 20495270 |
| a cholera epidemic in sekong province, lao people's democratic republic, december 2007-january 2008. | recent large-scale outbreaks in the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) were reported in 1993 and 1994 and from 2000 to 2002. on december 23, 2007, a drastic increase in acute watery diarrhea patients at a health center in sekong province was reported to the provincial health office. an outbreak investigation was initiated to understand the magnitude of the outbreak, identify new cases, identify the suspected causal agent, implement control measures, and prevent new cases. through active ... | 2010 | 20495276 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae outbreak strains with altered el tor biotype from southern india. | forty-four vibrio cholerae isolates collected over a 7-month period in chennai, india in 2004 were characterized for gene traits, antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic fingerprints. all 44 isolates were identified as o1 el tor ogawa, positive for various toxigenic and pathogenic genes viz. ace, ctxb, hlya, ompu, ompw, rfbo1, rtx, tcpa, toxr and zot. nucleotide sequencing revealed the presence of cholera toxin b of classical biotype in all the el tor isolates, suggesting infection of isolates ... | 2010 | 20495624 |
| natural transformation of vibrio cholerae as a tool--optimizing the procedure. | vibrio cholerae gains natural competence upon growth on chitin. this allows the organism to take up free dna from the environment and to incorporate it into its genome by homologous recombination. | 2010 | 20509862 |
| replication of vibrio cholerae chromosome i in escherichia coli: dependence on dam methylation. | we successfully substituted escherichia coli's origin of replication oric with the origin region of vibrio cholerae chromosome i (orici(vc)). replication from orici(vc) initiated at a similar or slightly reduced cell mass compared to that of normal e. coli oric. with respect to sequestration-dependent synchrony of initiation and stimulation of initiation by the loss of hda activity, replication initiation from oric and orici(vc) were similar. since hda is involved in the conversion of dnaa(atp) ... | 2010 | 20511501 |
| growth in a biofilm induces a hyperinfectious phenotype in vibrio cholerae. | biofilm formation plays a multifaceted role in the life cycles of a wide variety of microorganisms. in the case of pathogenic vibrio cholerae, biofilm formation in its native aquatic habitats is thought to aid in persistence during interepidemic seasons and to enhance infectivity upon oral ingestion. the structure of v. cholerae biofilms has been hypothesized to protect the bacteria during passage through the stomach. here, we directly test the role of biofilm architecture in the infectivity of ... | 2010 | 20515927 |
| [rapid detection of vibrio cholerae by loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method]. | vibrio cholerae is an important foodborne pathogen, mainly causes acute intestinal infectious disease. the development of rapid method for detecting vibrio cholerae is critical for early diagnosis of its infection. in this study, two pairs of specific primers were designed according to housekeeping gene mdh of vibrio cholerae. following optimization of the reaction, dna loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) for rapidly detecting vibrio cholerae was successfully established. the optimal r ... | 2010 | 20518355 |
| emerging trends in the etiology of enteric pathogens as evidenced from an active surveillance of hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in kolkata, india. | abstract: | 2010 | 20525383 |
| immunogenicity and protective efficacy of vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles in rabbit model. | we show here that oral immunization with purified outer membrane vesicles (omvs) of vibrio cholerae induces a prolonged high rise in the protective antibody titre. rabbit immune sera were vibriocidal against the homologous and against several heterologous v. cholerae strains in vitro. in addition, omv immunization conferred significant protective immunity against subsequent bacterial challenges. thirty omv-immunized rabbits were challenged with different v. cholerae strains; each challenged grou ... | 2010 | 20528929 |
| discovery of novel vibrio cholerae vsp-ii genomic islands using comparative genomic analysis. | this report describes vibrio seventh pandemic island ii (vsp-ii) and three novel variants revealed by comparative genomics of 23 vibrio cholerae strains and their presence among a large and diverse collection of v. cholerae isolates. three vsp-ii variants were reported previously and our results demonstrate the presence of three novel vsp-ii in clinical and environmental v. cholerae marked by major deletions and genetic rearrangements. a new vsp-ii cluster was found in the seventh pandemic v. ch ... | 2010 | 20528940 |
| sialidase enhances recovery from spinal cord contusion injury. | axons fail to regenerate in the injured spinal cord, limiting motor and autonomic recovery and contributing to long-term morbidity. endogenous inhibitors, including those on residual myelin, contribute to regeneration failure. one inhibitor, myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag), binds to sialoglycans and other receptors on axons. mag inhibition of axon outgrowth in some neurons is reversed by treatment with sialidase, an enzyme that hydrolyzes sialic acids and eliminates mag-sialoglycan binding. ... | 2010 | 20534525 |
| engineered bacterial communication prevents vibrio cholerae virulence in an infant mouse model. | to investigate the possibility of using commensal bacteria as signal mediators for inhibiting the disease cholera, we stably transformed escherichia coli nissle 1917 (nissle) to express the autoinducer molecule cholera autoinducer 1 (cai-1) (shown previously to prevent virulence when present with another signaling molecule, autoinducer 2, at high concentrations) and determined the effect on vibrio cholerae virulence gene expression and colonization in an infant mouse model. we found that pretrea ... | 2010 | 20534565 |
| toxigenic vibrio cholerae from environmental sources associated with the cholera outbreak after 'aila' cyclone in west bengal, india. | west bengal experienced a devastating storm named 'aila' in its coastal and southern districts. we attempted to understand the transmission dynamics emphasizing on potable water to detect the presence of toxigenic strains of vibrio cholerae, followed by the natural devastation. | 2010 | 20536711 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 bacteremia in pakistan: analysis of eight cases. | bacteremia caused by vibrio cholerae o1 has been a rare phenomenon. we report on eight cases of v. cholerae o1 bacteremia from pakistan which occurred during 1992-2008. six of the cases were seen in children (two neonates and four infants) and seven of the eight patients were female. urogenital malignancy, hepatitis b virus-associated end-stage liver disease, concurrent campylobacter enteritis and prematurity were the underlying conditions in four patients. two of the eight patients died and one ... | 2010 | 20538311 |
| an experimental study of the population and evolutionary dynamics of vibrio cholerae o1 and the bacteriophage jsf4. | studies of vibrio cholerae in the environment and infected patients suggest that the waning of cholera outbreaks is associated with rise in the density of lytic bacteriophage. in accordance with mathematical models, there are seemingly realistic conditions where phage predation could be responsible for declines in the incidence of cholera. here, we present the results of experiments with the el tor strain of v. cholerae (n16961) and a naturally occurring lytic phage (jsf4), exploring the validit ... | 2010 | 20538647 |
| structure-function relations in oxaloacetate decarboxylase complex. fluorescence and infrared approaches to monitor oxomalonate and na(+) binding effect. | oxaloacetate decarboxylase (oad) is a member of the na(+) transport decarboxylase enzyme family found exclusively in anaerobic bacteria. oad of vibrio cholerae catalyses a key step in citrate fermentation, converting the chemical energy of the decarboxylation reaction into an electrochemical gradient of na(+) ions across the membrane, which drives endergonic membrane reactions such as atp synthesis, transport and motility. oad is a membrane-bound enzyme composed of alpha, beta and gamma subunits ... | 2010 | 20543879 |
| natural transformation of vibrio fischeri requires tfox and tfoy. | summary recent evidence has indicated that natural genetic transformation occurs in vibrio cholerae, and that it requires both induction by chitin oligosaccharides, like chitohexaose, and expression of a putative regulatory gene designated tfox. using sequence and phylogenetic analyses we have found two tfox paralogues in all sequenced genomes of the genus vibrio. like v. cholerae, when grown in chitohexaose, cells of v. fischeri are able to take up and incorporate exogenous dna. chitohexaose-in ... | 2010 | 20545740 |
| vibrio cholerae el tor tcpa crystal structure and mechanism for pilus-mediated microcolony formation. | type iv pili (t4p) are critical to virulence for vibrio cholerae and other bacterial pathogens. among their diverse functions, t4p mediate microcolony formation, which protects the bacteria from host defences and concentrates secreted toxins. the t4p of the two v. cholerae o1 disease biotypes, classical and el tor, share 81% identity in their tcpa subunits, yet these filaments differ in their interaction patterns as assessed by electron microscopy. to understand the molecular basis for pilus-med ... | 2010 | 20545841 |
| detection of vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus by molecular and culture based methods from source water to household container-stored water at the point-of-use in south african rural communities. | detection methods for vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus which included the culture based approach with polymerase chain reaction (pcr) confirmation, pcr detection without enrichment and pcr with a pre-enrichment were developed and their performance evaluated. pcr assays targeted the sodb (v. cholerae species), flae (v. parahaemolyticus species), 16s rrna (vibrio and enterobacteriacea species) genes (multiplex 1) and v. cholerae o1 and v. cholerae o139 rfb genes, ctxa (cholera toxin) ge ... | 2010 | 20555205 |
| construction and characterization of an auxotrophic ctxa mutant of o139 vibrio cholerae. | cholera caused by the o139 serogroup still remains a public health concern in certain regions of the world and the existing o1 vaccines do not cross-protect cholera caused by this serogroup. an aminolevulinic acid (ala) auxotroph vaccine candidate against the o139 serogroup, designated as vcusm2, was recently developed. it was found to be immunogenic in animal model studies but showed mild reactogenic effects due to the presence of two intact copies of vibrio cholerae toxin (ctx) genetic element ... | 2010 | 20558271 |
| localization and function of the membrane-bound riboflavin in the na+-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na+-nqr) from vibrio cholerae. | the sodium ion-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) from the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is a respiratory membrane protein complex that couples the oxidation of nadh to the transport of na(+) across the bacterial membrane. the na(+)-nqr comprises the six subunits nqrabcdef, but the stoichiometry and arrangement of these subunits are unknown. redox-active cofactors are fad and a 2fe-2s cluster on nqrf, covalently attached fmns on nqrb and nqrc, and riboflavin and ubiquinone-8 ... | 2010 | 20558724 |
| the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system: as important for biofilm formation by vibrio cholerae as it is for metabolism in escherichia coli. | 2010 | 20562301 | |
| the lysr-type virulence activator aphb regulates the expression of genes in vibrio cholerae in response to low ph and anaerobiosis. | aphb is a lysr-type activator that initiates the expression of the virulence cascade in vibrio cholerae by cooperating with the quorum-sensing-regulated activator apha at the tcpph promoter on the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi). to identify the ancestral chromosomal genes in v. cholerae regulated by aphb, we carried out a microarray analysis and show here that aphb influences the expression of a number of genes that are not associated with the vpi. one gene strongly activated by aphb is cadc, ... | 2010 | 20562308 |
| chromosomally encoded blacmy-2 located on a novel sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative element in a proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. | integrating conjugative elements (ices) are mobile genetic elements that can transfer from the chromosome of a host to the chromosome of a new host through the process of excision, conjugation, and integration. although sxt/r391-related ices, originally demonstrated in vibrio cholerae o139 isolates, have become prevalent among v. cholerae isolates in asia, the prevalence of the ices among gram-negative bacteria other than vibrio spp. remains unknown. in addition, sxt/r391-related ices carrying g ... | 2010 | 20566768 |
| helicobacter pylori apo-fur regulation appears unconserved across species. | the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is a transcriptional regulator that is conserved across a broad number of bacterial species and has been shown to regulate expression of iron uptake and storage genes. additionally, fur has been shown to be an important colonization factor of the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori. in h. pylori, fur-dependent regulation appears to be unique in that fur is able to act as a transcriptional repressor when bound to iron as well as in its iron free (apo) form. to d ... | 2010 | 20571957 |
| development and characterization of a new epithelial cell line psf from caudal fin of green chromide, etroplus suratensis (bloch, 1790). | a new cell line [pearlspot fin (psf)] has been developed from caudal fin of etroplus suratensis, a brackish/freshwater fish cultivated in india. the cell line was maintained in leibovitz's l-15 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (fbs). the psf cell line consisted predominantly of epithelial-like cells. the cells were able to grow at temperatures between 25 degrees c and 32 degrees c with optimum temperature of 28 degrees c. the growth rate of psf cells increased as the fbs proportion incre ... | 2010 | 20577829 |
| pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis of vibrio cholerae isolates in southern thailand. | forty isolates of v. cholorae o1, o139 and non-o1/non-o139 collected from outbreaks in songkhla and phuket provinces of southern thailand during 1999-2001 and sporadic cases from different regions of thailand during 1993-2002 were characterized using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). digestion of chromosomal dna of the v cholerae isolates with restriction endonuclease noti, followed by pfge, generated 10 distinct restriction endonuclease analysis patterns consisting of 8 to 13 bands, rang ... | 2010 | 20578525 |
| detection of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in environmental water samples by an immunofluorescent-aggregation assay. | environmental waters are an important reservoir for vibrio cholerae, and effective surveillance of the pathogen can help to warn of and prevent infection with this potentially fatal pathogen. an immunofluorescent-aggregation (ifag) assay to detect v. cholerae o1 and o139 was established and evaluated with estuarine water samples. the practical application of this assay was compared with the conventional culture method and real-time pcr. the ifag method had a sensitivity of 10(3) cfu/ml for detec ... | 2010 | 20581193 |
| newer insights into the mechanism of action of psidium guajava l. leaves in infectious diarrhoea. | psidium guajava l., myrtaceae, is used widely in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhoea, dysentery, gastroenteritis, stomachaches, and indigestion. however, the effect of the leaf extract of p. guajava on the pathogenesis of infectious diarrhoea has not been studied. the present study evaluates the effect of a hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried leaves of p. guajava on parameters associated with pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea. the aim was to understand its possible mecha ... | 2010 | 20584265 |
| relatedness of vibrio cholerae o1/o139 isolates from patients and their household contacts, determined by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. | the genetic relatedness of vibrio cholerae o1/o139 isolates obtained from 100 patients and 146 of their household contacts in dhaka, bangladesh, between 2002 and 2005 was assessed by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. isolate genotypes were analyzed at five loci containing tandem repeats. across the population, as well as within households, isolates with identical genotypes were clustered in time. isolates from individuals within the same household were more likely to have simila ... | 2010 | 20585059 |
| evolution of seventh cholera pandemic and origin of 1991 epidemic, latin america. | thirty single-nucleotide polymorphisms were used to track the spread of the seventh pandemic caused by vibrio cholerae. isolates from the 1991 epidemic in latin america shared a profile with 1970s isolates from africa, suggesting a possible origin in africa. data also showed that the observed genotypes spread easily and widely. | 2010 | 20587187 |
| vrra mediates hfq-dependent regulation of ompt synthesis in vibrio cholerae. | ompt, an outer membrane porin of vibrio cholerae, is tightly regulated by the organism in response to different environments. two transcriptional regulators, camp receptor protein (crp) and toxr, compete at the ompt promoter region. crp activates ompt transcription by a loop-forming mechanism, while toxr functions as an antiactivator and repressor, depending on its interplay with crp. vrra, a 140-nt small noncoding rna in v. cholerae, is controlled by the alternative sigma factor sigma(e). we ha ... | 2010 | 20595045 |
| passive oral immunization by egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) to vibrio cholerae effectively prevents cholera. | in an attempt to prepare egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy) to treat and prevent cholera, hens were immunized by a mixture of heat- or formalin-killed vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 organisms, or by the recombinant cholera toxin b subunit (ctb). the igys were partially purified from egg yolk and orally administered to suckling mice before or after challenge with live o1 or o139 cells. the anti-o1 and o139 igys and the mixture of either igy with anti-ctb igy significantly protected the occurrence of chol ... | 2010 | 20596127 |
| a systems biology approach to modeling vibrio cholerae gene expression under virulence-inducing conditions. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacillus that is the causative agent of cholera. pathogenesis in vivo occurs through a series of spatiotemporally controlled events under the control of a gene cascade termed the toxr regulon. major genes in the toxr regulon include the master regulators toxrs and tcpph, the downstream regulator toxt, and virulence factors, the ctxab and tcpa operons. our current understanding of the dynamics of virulence gene expression is limited to microarray analyses of exp ... | 2010 | 20601467 |
| antibacterial effect (in vitro) of moringa oleifera and annona muricata against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. | antibacterial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of seeds of moringa (moringa oleifera) and pods of soursop (annona muricata) in the concentration of 1:5 and 1:10 in volumes 50, 100, 150 and 200 microl were examined against staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, escherichia coli (isolated from the organism and the aquatic environment) and salmonella enteritidis. antibacterial activity (inhibition halo > 13 mm) against s. aureus, v. cholerae and e. coli isolated from the whiteleg shrimp, ... | 2010 | 20602021 |
| the effect of gastrointestinal enzymes on cholera toxin. | in clinical cases of cholera vibrio cholerae grows, multiplies and undergoes lysis in the intestine. although there are numerous works on the enzymatic make-up of v. cholerae, there is hardly any literature on the effect of different gastrointestinal enzymes on the toxin in bringing about the signs and symptoms of the disease. according to one school of thought, cholera toxin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease.the effects of gastrointestinal enzymatic extracts of rabbit a ... | 1963 | 20604142 |
| the bacteriophage-susceptibility test in differentiating vibrio cholerae and vibrio el tor. | the haemolytic properties of el tor vibrios are usually utilized to differentiate them from the non-haemolytic cholera vibrios. in some freshly isolated vibrio el tor strains, however, the haemolytic property may be ill-developed and this test may then fail to reveal the true identity of the strains. in order to overcome this difficulty a number of tests have been developed. investigations reported in this paper indicate that, of these, the bacteriophage-susceptibility test gives the most persis ... | 1963 | 20604144 |
| bacteriophage typing of cholera. | a bacteriophage-typing scheme for vibrio cholerae has been developed on the basis of the pattern of susceptibility of v. cholerae strains to four groups of freshly isolated cholera bacteriophages. some 4066 strains of v. cholerae isolated in calcutta during the period 1955-61 have been classified into seven types and subtypes. less than 1% of the strains were untypable. no correlation was found to exist between the phage-types and serological types of v. cholerae. in lysogenic strains, however, ... | 1963 | 20604145 |
| an experimental study on the usefulness of bacteriophage in the prophylaxis and treatment of cholera. | five different samples of bacteriophages were tried on weanling rabbits intra-intestinally infected with the inaba 569 b strain of vibrio cholerae. three of these prevented the onset of the disease and proved useful in the treatment of early cases of experimental cholera. the prophylactic and curative (if administered early) values of choleraphage observed during these studies appear to agree with the observations of several workers in clinical cases. one of the choleraphages used proved to be v ... | 1963 | 20604146 |
| comparative studies of the polymyxin-b test with bacteriophage typing for the differentiation of vibrio cholerae and vibrio el tor: preliminary report. | 1965 | 20604201 | |
| antimicrobial suceptibility of v. cholerae in north west, ethiopia. | various vibrio cholerae serogroups cause cholera, which occurs as major epidemic disease in most developing countries. this study was aimed at determining the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of v. cholerae and its serotypes from cholera cases. | 2010 | 20607994 |
| energy transducing redox steps of the na+-pumping nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | na(+)-nqr is a unique respiratory enzyme that couples the free energy of electron transfer reactions to electrogenic pumping of sodium across the cell membrane. this enzyme is found in many marine and pathogenic bacteria where it plays an analogous role to the h(+)-pumping complex i. it has generally been assumed that the sodium pump of na(+)-nqr operates on the basis of thermodynamic coupling between reduction of a single redox cofactor and the binding of sodium at a nearby site. in this study, ... | 2010 | 20616050 |
| non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae bacteraemia in a cirrhotic patient. | vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 or o139 are the aetiological agents of cholera. the pathogenicity of non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae is less well known. these worldwide bacteria are responsible for gastrointestinal infections or, more rarely, bacteraemia in patients with an underlying disease, leading to life-threatening complications. we report a case of non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae bacteraemia due to a haemolytic strain in a cirrhotic patient. early antibiotherapy allowed a good outcome. the aim of ... | 2010 | 20616193 |
| effect of storage and sodium chloride on excision of ctxphi or pre-ctxphi and ctxphi from vibrio cholerae o139 strains. | we examined the effect of storage and sodium chloride on excision of ctxphi or pre-ctxphi and ctxphi from vibrio cholerae o139 strains. we found that one strain of v. cholerae o139 vo146p showed loss of the complete phage array, and other strain vo170p showed partial loss of the phage array giving rise to altered strains designated as vo146n and vo170n. results of pcr and rflp analysis revealed that both strains (vo146p and vo170p) possessed a single copy of pre-ctx(et)phi and two copies of ctxp ... | 2010 | 20621579 |
| identification and characterization of a phosphodiesterase that inversely regulates motility and biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae switches between free-living motile and surface-attached sessile lifestyles. cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) is a signaling molecule controlling such lifestyle changes. c-di-gmp is synthesized by diguanylate cyclases (dgcs) that contain a ggdef domain and is degraded by phosphodiesterases (pdes) that contain an eal or hd-gyp domain. we constructed in-frame deletions of all v. cholerae genes encoding proteins with ggdef and/or eal domains and screened mutants for altered motility ph ... | 2010 | 20622061 |
| inositol hexakisphosphate-induced autoprocessing of large bacterial protein toxins. | large bacterial protein toxins autotranslocate functional effector domains to the eukaryotic cell cytosol, resulting in alterations to cellular functions that ultimately benefit the infecting pathogen. among these toxins, the clostridial glucosylating toxins (cgts) produced by gram-positive bacteria and the multifunctional-autoprocessing rtx (martx) toxins of gram-negative bacteria have distinct mechanisms for effector translocation, but a shared mechanism of post-translocation autoprocessing th ... | 2010 | 20628577 |
| chicken cathelicidin-2-derived peptides with enhanced immunomodulatory and antibacterial activities against biological warfare agents. | host defence peptides (hdps) are considered to be excellent candidates for the development of novel therapeutic agents. recently, it was demonstrated that the peptide c1-15, an n-terminal segment of chicken hdp cathelicidin-2, exhibits potent antibacterial activity while lacking cytotoxicity towards eukaryotic cells. in the present study, we report that c1-15 is active against bacteria such as bacillus anthracis and yersinia pestis that may potentially be used by bioterrorists. substitution of s ... | 2010 | 20630709 |
| antibacterial activities of a new brominated diterpene from borneon laurencia spp. | in our continuous interest to study the diversity of halogenated metabolites of malaysian species of the red algal genus laurencia, we examined the chemical composition of five populations of unrecorded laurencia sp. a new brominated diterpene, 10-acetoxyangasiol (1), and four other known metabolites, aplysidiol (2), cupalaurenol (3), 1-methyl-2,3,5-tribromoindole (4), and chamigrane epoxide (5), were isolated and identified. isolated metabolites exhibited potent antibacterial activities against ... | 2010 | 20631866 |
| an experimental study of the mechanism of action of vibrio cholerae on the intestinal mucous membrane. 1953. | 2010 | 20635557 | |
| ultrasensitive detection of vibrio cholerae o1 using microcantilever-based biosensor with dynamic force microscopy. | this work presents the first demonstration of a cantilever based cholerae sensor. dynamic force microscopy within atomic force microscope (afm) is applied to measure the cantilever's resonance frequency shift due to mass of cell bound on microcantilever surface. the vibrio cholerae o1, a food and waterborne pathogen that caused cholera disease in human, is a target bacterium cell of interest. commercial gold-coated afm microcantilevers are immobilized with monoclonal antibody (anti-v. cholerae o ... | 2010 | 20637589 |
| assessment of factors influencing antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and cymene against vibrio cholerae in food. | carvacrol and cymene, phenolic compounds naturally present in the essential oil of oregano and thyme, were examined for their antimicrobial activity against vibrio cholerae (atcc 14033, vc1, and vc7) inoculated in carrot juice. carvacrol exhibited a dose dependent inhibitory effect on the bacteria. although cymene did not have antimicrobial activity against the bacteria, it enhanced the inhibitory ability of carvacrol. at 25 °c, the lowest concentrations of carvacrol and cymene required for zero ... | 2010 | 20638331 |
| presence of bacteroidales as a predictor of pathogens in surface waters of the central california coast. | the value of bacteroidales genetic markers and fecal indicator bacteria (fib) to predict the occurrence of waterborne pathogens was evaluated in ambient waters along the central california coast. bacteroidales host-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) was used to quantify fecal bacteria in water and provide insights into contributing host fecal sources. over 140 surface water samples from 10 major rivers and estuaries within the monterey bay region were tested over 14 months with four bacteroidales- ... | 2010 | 20639358 |
| vibrio cholerae hemolysin is required for lethality, developmental delay, and intestinal vacuolation in caenorhabditis elegans. | cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-co-regulated pili (tcp) are the major virulence factors of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains that contribute to the pathogenesis of disease during devastating cholera pandemics. however, ct and tcp negative v. cholerae strains are still able to cause severe diarrheal disease in humans through mechanisms that are not well understood. | 2010 | 20644623 |
| evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides, isolated triterpene acids, and ursolic acid derivatives. | the methylene chloride extract of miconia ligustroides (dc.) naudin (melastomataceae), the isolated compounds ursolic and oleanolic acids and a mixture of these acids, and ursolic acid derivatives were evaluated against the following microorganisms: bacillus cereus (atcc 14579), vibrio cholerae (atcc 9458), salmonella choleraesuis (atcc 10708), klebsiella pneumoniae (atcc 10031), and streptococcus pneumoniae (atcc 6305). the microdilution method was used for determination of the minimum inhibito ... | 2010 | 20645834 |
| [toll-like receptor 4 expression in macrophages in endotoxin-induced uveitis in wistar rats]. | to investigate the dynamics and distribution of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) in uvea-resident tissue macrophages during endotoxin-induced uveitis (eiu) in wistar rats. | 2010 | 20654065 |
| evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic dipstick kit for diagnosis of cholera emphasizes its outbreak utility. | we evaluated the crystal vc, a commercially produced dipstick, for the rapid detection of vibrio cholerae serotypes o1 and o139 directly from the stool samples of hospitalized diarrheal patients using the conventional bacteriological method as gold standard. the sensitivity and specificity of the dipsticks were about 92 and 73%, respectively. introduction of the pcr-based method along with the classical bacteriological method as the gold standard for the evaluation of a kit may improve the sensi ... | 2010 | 20657061 |
| antibacterial activity of psidium guajava leaf and bark against multidrug-resistant vibrio cholerae: implication for cholera control. | in clinical cholera, a 3-day course of antibiotic complements extensive rehydration therapy by reducing stool volume, shortening the illness, and averting death. however, antibiotic therapy, which has lifesaving implications for cholera, is often hindered due to multidrug resistance in vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera. crude aqueous mixture and water soluble methanol extract from leaf and bark of psidium guajava, a tropical fruit guava of the family myrtaceae, showed strong antibacterial ac ... | 2010 | 20657067 |
| phob regulates both environmental and virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a facultative pathogen that thrives in two nutritionally disparate environments, aquatic and human small intestine. phosphate (p(i) ) is an essential nutrient that is limited in aquatic ecosystems and of unknown availability in the small intestine. here, we show that the p(i) (pho) regulon, which is controlled by the p(i)-specific transporter (pst) and two-component system phobr, is required for v. cholerae survival in both environments, though for differing reasons. while ind ... | 2010 | 20659293 |
| a highly sensitive and specific multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. | to develop an effective multiplex pcr for simultaneous and rapid detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus, the three most important vibrio species that can cause devastating health hazards among human. | 2010 | 20666989 |
| cholera between 1991 and 1997 in mexico was associated with infection by classical, el tor, and el tor variants of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor (et), the cause of the current 7th pandemic, has recently been replaced in asia and africa by an altered et biotype possessing cholera toxin (ctx) of the classical (cl) biotype that originally caused the first six pandemics before becoming extinct in the 1980s. until recently, the et prototype was the biotype circulating in peru; a detailed understanding of the evolutionary trend of v. cholerae causing endemic cholera in latin america is lacking. the present ret ... | 2010 | 20668130 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis of vibrio cholerae in comparison with pulsed field gel electrophoresis and virulotyping. | molecular analysis of malaysian vibrio cholerae was carried out using a multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (mlva) assay based on 7 loci of v. cholerae. the discriminatory ability of the assay was compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using 43 malaysian v. cholerae isolated from various sources. in addition, the virulotypes of the strains were determined. based on mlva, 38 allelic profiles were obtained (f = 0.63) while pfge generated 35 pulsotypes (f = 0.71). s ... | 2010 | 20671932 |
| attenuation of bacterial virulence by quorum sensing-regulated lysis. | genetically attenuated pathogenic bacteria have been extensively considered as vaccine candidates. however, insufficient attenuation has been a frequent limitation of this approach. many pathogens use quorum sensing to escape host defense mechanism. here, we hypothesized that quorum sensing can be manipulated to diminish pathogenesis. to test this hypothesis, we modified the quorum sensing circuitry of a live cholera vaccine strain to add a second layer of attenuation. attenuation resulted from ... | 2010 | 20673838 |
| mucosal immunization with vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles provides maternal protection mediated by antilipopolysaccharide antibodies that inhibit bacterial motility. | vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease that remains endemic in many parts of the world and can cause outbreaks wherever sanitation and clean water systems break down. prevention of disease could be achieved through improved sanitation and clean water provision supported by vaccination. v. cholerae serogroup o1 is the major cause of cholera; o1 serotypes inaba and ogawa have similar disease burdens, while o139 is the only non-o1 serogroup to cause epidemics. ... | 2010 | 20679439 |
| identification of the tcpp-binding site in the toxt promoter of vibrio cholerae and the role of toxr in tcpp-mediated activation. | toxr-dependent recruitment of tcpp to the toxt promoter facilitates toxt transcription in vibrio cholerae, initiating a regulatory cascade that culminates in cholera toxin expression and secretion. although tcpp usually requires toxr to activate the toxt promoter, tcpp overexpression can circumvent the requirement for toxr in this process. to define nucleotides critical for tcpp-dependent promoter recognition and activation, a series of toxt promoter derivatives with single-base-pair transversio ... | 2010 | 20679441 |
| does water hyacinth on east african lakes promote cholera outbreaks? | cholera outbreaks continue to occur regularly in africa. cholera has been associated with proximity to lakes in east africa, and vibrio cholerae has been found experimentally to concentrate on the floating aquatic plant, water hyacinth, which is periodically widespread in east african lakes since the late 1980s. from 1994 to 2008, nyanza province, which is the kenyan province bordering lake victoria, accounted for a larger proportion of cholera cases than expected by its population size (38.7% o ... | 2010 | 20682884 |
| detection and differentiation of vibrio spp. in seafood and fish samples with cultural and molecular methods. | vibrio spp. as natural inhabitants of sea- and brackwater of both tropical and temperate regions of the world are commonly found in different kinds of seafood. even among the three main human pathogenic species vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio cholerae and vibrio vulnificus most of the isolates from seafood do not carry the different virulence factors responsible for foodborne infections. therefore, the risk assessment of vibrio spp. in seafood is currently based mainly on the knowledge of the ge ... | 2010 | 20688407 |
| a toxr-dependent role for the putative phosphoporin vca1008 in bile salt resistance in vibrio cholerae el tor n16961. | the putative phosphoporin encoded by vca1008 of vibrio cholerae o1 is expressed in vivo during infection and is essential for the intestinal colonization of infant mice. in vitro, its expression is induced under inorganic phosphate (p(i)) limitation in a phob/r-dependent manner. in this work we demonstrated that vca1008 has a strain-specific role in the physiology and pathogenicity of v. cholerae o1. disruption of vca1008 led to a growth defect, an inability to colonize and a high susceptibility ... | 2010 | 20688821 |
| structure of vibriophage d10 tail sheath revealed by electron microscopy and computational image processing. | vibriophage d10, a member of the vibrio cholerae o-1el-tor phage typing scheme, is used to detect the spread of the cholera epidemic and belongs to the myoviridae family. the outer sheath of the tail of vibriophage is highly contractile in nature. we have used electron microscopy and computational image-processing techniques to determine the structure of this contractile tail sheath. the three-dimensional density map of the tail sheath reveals the presence of ∼35 å long and ∼25 å wide protrusion ... | 2011 | 20689316 |
| back to the future: studying cholera pathogenesis using infant rabbits. | cholera is a severe diarrheal disease, caused by vibrio cholerae, for which there has been no reproducible, nonsurgical animal model. here, we report that orogastric inoculation of v. cholerae into 3-day-old rabbits pretreated with cimetidine led to lethal, watery diarrhea in virtually all rabbits. the appearance and chemical composition of the rabbit diarrheal fluid were comparable to those of the "rice-water stool" produced by cholera patients. as in humans, v. cholerae mutants that do not pro ... | 2010 | 20689747 |
| evaluating the growth potential of pathogenic bacteria in water. | the degree to which a water sample can potentially support the growth of human pathogens was evaluated. for this purpose, a pathogen growth potential (pgp) bioassay was developed based on the principles of conventional assimilable organic carbon (aoc) determination, but using pure cultures of selected pathogenic bacteria (escherichia coli o157, vibrio cholerae, or pseudomonas aeruginosa) as the inoculum. we evaluated 19 water samples collected after different treatment steps from two drinking wa ... | 2010 | 20693455 |
| cloning, overexpression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of chey3, a response regulator that directly interacts with the flagellar 'switch complex' in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is the aetiological agent of the severe diarrhoeal disease cholera. this highly motile organism uses the processes of motility and chemotaxis to travel and colonize the intestinal epithelium. chemotaxis in v. cholerae is far more complex than that in escherichia coli or salmonella typhimurium, with multiple paralogues of various chemotaxis genes. in contrast to the single copy of the chemotaxis response-regulator protein chey in e. coli, v. cholerae contains four cheys (chey1-che ... | 2010 | 20693676 |
| epidemiological characteristics of cholera in singapore, 1992-2007. | we carried out an epidemiological review of cholera in singapore to determine its trends and the factors contributing to its occurrence. | 2010 | 20697667 |
| genetic manipulation of vibrio cholerae by combining natural transformation with flp recombination. | even though vibrio cholerae is a well-known human pathogen, it is also a normal member of aquatic habitats. within this environment it often forms biofilms on the chitin-containing exoskeleton of crustaceans and their molts. chitin not only serves as nutrient source but also induces a developmental program called natural competence. naturally competent bacteria take up free dna and integrate it into their genome by homologous recombination, thereby becoming naturally transformed. in this study, ... | 2010 | 20709100 |
| high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains of vibrio cholerae, in a cholera outbreak in tehran-iran, during june-september 2008. | following the occurrence of suspected cases of vibrio cholerae in karaj in 2008, this study was conducted in order to determine whether or not the cases were infected with cholera and, if so, to describe the prevalence of serotypes, route of transmission and the antimicrobial resistance profile. in this cross-sectional study, 6505 rectal swabs were collected from patients with acute gastroenteritis. serotypes and biotypes of the isolates were determined by standard procedures. the antimicrobial ... | 2010 | 20709810 |
| lt-iic, a new member of the type ii heat-labile enterotoxin family encoded by an escherichia coli strain obtained from a nonmammalian host. | two families of bacterial heat-labile enterotoxins (hlts) have been described: the type i hlts are comprised of cholera toxin (ct) of vibrio cholerae, lt-i of escherichia coli, and several related hlts; the type ii hlts are comprised of lt-iia and lt-iib. herein, we report lt-iic, a new type ii hlt encoded from an enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) strain isolated from an avian host. using a mouse y1 adrenal cell bioassay, lt-iic was shown to be less cytotoxic than ct, lt-iia, or lt-iib. cytotoxicit ... | 2010 | 20713622 |
| dissection of the conformational cycle of the multidrug/lipida abc exporter msba. | recent crystal structures of the multidrug atp-binding cassette (abc) exporters sav1866 from staphylococcus aureus, msba from escherichia coli, vibrio cholera, and salmonella typhimurium, and mouse abcb1a suggest a common alternating access mechanism for export. however, the molecular framework underlying this mechanism is critically dependent on assumed conformational relationships between nonidentical crystal structures and therefore requires biochemical verification. the structures of homodim ... | 2010 | 20715055 |
| the diheme cytochrome c(4) from vibrio cholerae is a natural electron donor to the respiratory cbb(3) oxygen reductase. | the respiratory chain of vibrio cholerae contains three bd-type quinol oxygen reductases as well as one cbb(3) oxygen reductase. the cbb(3) oxygen reductase has been previously isolated and characterized; however, the natural mobile electron donor(s) that shuttles electrons between the bc(1) complex and the cbb(3) oxygen reductase is not known. the most likely candidates are the diheme cytochrome c(4) and monoheme cytochrome c(5), which have been previously shown to be present in the periplasm o ... | 2010 | 20715760 |
| immunological efficacy of glycoconjugates derived from vibrio cholerae o1 serotype ogawa detoxified lps in mice. | this study focused on changes in selected parameters of humoral and cellular immunity following vaccination of mice with unique vibrio cholerae lps-protein-complexed conjugates. the v. cholerae detoxified lps (dlps)-derived antigenic structures o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) and de-o-acylated lps (deoac-lps) were used to prepare glycoconjugates by linking both dlpss to glucan, the immunomodulating matrix, and then to bsa carrier. animals were given a primary vaccination and boosted at 2-week i ... | 2010 | 20724514 |
| [2007 cholera epidemic in comoros islands: a step towards endemisation?]. | in 2007, a cholera epidemic occurred on two of the three islands of the comoros archipelago: grande comore and moheli. this study is based on data from the files of the 1571 patients admitted to five cholera treatment centers (ctc). the outbreak lasted for ten months. a dramatic peak was observed in july and august corresponding to the traditional wedding season during which hundreds of guests including returning diaspora gather to celebrate "grand marriages". initial stool cultures identified v ... | 2010 | 20734608 |
| association of water-borne diseases morbidity pattern and water quality in parts of ibadan city, nigeria. | occurrence of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases in cities of developing countries has been on the increase over the decades largely due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene among human population. this study examined the relationship between the spatial pattern of water-borne diseases vis-a-vis water quality in parts of ibadan city in nigeria. data on 1334 cases of various water-borne diseases was collected from eight public hospitals with catchments covering the study ... | 2009 | 20734698 |
| diagnostic limitations to accurate diagnosis of cholera. | the treatment regimen for diarrhea depends greatly on correct diagnosis of its etiology. recent diarrhea outbreaks in bangladesh showed vibrio cholerae to be the predominant cause, although more than 40% of the suspected cases failed to show cholera etiology by conventional culture methods (cms). in the present study, suspected cholera stools collected from every 50th patient during an acute diarrheal outbreak were analyzed extensively using different microbiological and molecular tools to deter ... | 2010 | 20739485 |
| a fatal vibrio cholerae o37 enteritis. | 2010 | 20798215 | |
| [study of expression of contact-dependent secretion systems in vibrio cholerae on the model of dictyostelium discoideum]. | to detect t3ss and t6ss genes in vibrio cholerae genomes and assessment of resistance of strains with different genotype characteristics to ingestion by dictyostelium discoideum amoeba. | 2010 | 20799403 |
| cholera outbreak in baghdad in 2007: an epidemiological study. | in 2007 there was an epidemic of cholera in iraq with 4667 cases. the first case in baghdad was diagnosed on 19 september 2007 and the last case on 13 december 2007. in all, 136 cases were reported (2.9% of the country total) in 6 of the 13 districts of baghdad. the median age of the cases was 11 years (range = 0.3-71 years). there were 3 deaths giving a case fatality rate of 2.2%. bacteriological testing confirmed that the outbreak was caused by vibrio cholerae o1, biotype el tor, serotype inab ... | 2010 | 20799583 |
| extracts of edible and medicinal plants damage membranes of vibrio cholerae. | the use of natural compounds from plants can provide an alternative approach against food-borne pathogens. the mechanisms of action of most plant extracts with antimicrobial activity have been poorly studied. in this work, changes in membrane integrity, membrane potential, internal ph (ph(in)), and atp synthesis were measured in vibrio cholerae cells after exposure to extracts of edible and medicinal plants. a preliminary screen of methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extracts of medicinal and edi ... | 2010 | 20802077 |
| reduced expression of the vca0421 gene of vibrio cholerae o1 results in innate resistance to ciprofloxacin. | a mini-tn5 insertion into a ciprofloxacin (cip)-resistant mutant of vibrio cholerae o1 revealed that overexpression of the vca0421 gene, which encodes a hypothetical protein, in the cip-resistant mutant carrying a mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of the gyra gene causes sensitization to cip. we propose a new intrinsic mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones due to the inherently reduced expression of the vca0421 gene in v. cholerae o1. | 2010 | 20805389 |
| cholera toxin production by the el tor variant of vibrio cholerae o1 compared to prototype el tor and classical biotypes. | vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant strains produced much more cholera toxin than did prototype el tor strains. the amount of cholera toxin produced by el tor variant strains both in vitro and in vivo was more or less equivalent to that produced by classical strains. | 2010 | 20810767 |
| structure elucidation of two new bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids and nmr assignments of the alkaloids from the fruits of tiliacora racemosa. | besides three known biphenyldibenzodioxinbisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids, two novel alkaloids of the same group have been isolated from the fruits of tiliacora racemosa. the structures of these new compounds designated tiliaimine and nordinklacorine were established on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, including cosy, tocsy, roesy, hmbc and hsqc experiments. preliminary antibacterial activity studies on the known compounds (tiliarine, 2'-nortiliacorinine, 2'-nortiliacorine) from the fruit ... | 2010 | 20812212 |
| cholera toxin inhibits hiv-1 replication in human colorectal epithelial ht-29 cells through adenylate cyclase activation. | mixed feeding, combining breast milk and nonhuman milk and/or solid food, is a common practice in developing countries that increases the risk of vertical hiv-1 transmission. it also enhances the risk of infection by waterborne microorganisms such as vibrio cholerae, a diarrhoea-causing pathogen that frequently infects children below 18 months of age. although both hiv-1 and v. cholerae affect young children and target intestinal epithelial cells, no information is currently available on possibl ... | 2010 | 20816895 |
| freshwater non-o1 vibrio cholerae infection. | it is not appreciated by most physicians that vibrio infections can be acquired from freshwater exposure. a case of non-o1 vibrio cholerae urinary tract infection associated with freshwater exposure is reported. the potential for vibrios to grow in brachish water and for summer heat to cause evaporation leading to relative increased salinity in freshwater bodies and the broad geographic range of these occurrences to include north american and both eastern and western europe is noted. a literatur ... | 2010 | 20818301 |
| novel insights into haemagglutinin protease (hap) gene regulation in vibrio cholerae. | abstract quorum sensing is the phenomenon, whereby bacteria use signal molecules to communicate with each other. for example, to establish a successful infection, pathogenic bacteria become virulent only when they reach a certain local concentration in their host. bassler and others have highlighted the surprising observation that quorum sensing seems to repress vibrio cholerae virulence factor expression (e.g. cholera toxin), in contrast to what has been observed for virulence gene expression i ... | 2010 | 20819164 |
| analysis of a cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) and human mucin 1 (muc1) conjugate protein in a muc1-tolerant mouse model. | since epithelial mucin 1 (muc1) is associated with several adenocarcinomas at the mucosal sites, it is pertinent to test the efficacy of a mucosally targeted vaccine formulation. the b subunit of the vibrio cholerae cholera toxin (ctb) has great potential to act as a mucosal carrier for subunit vaccines. in the present study we evaluated whether a muc1 tandem repeat (tr) peptide chemically linked to ctb would break self-antigen tolerance in the transgenic muc1-tolerant mouse model (muc1.tg) thro ... | 2010 | 20824430 |
| is vibrio fluvialis emerging as a pathogen with epidemic potential in coastal region of eastern india following cyclone aila? | an isolated area with diarrhoea epidemic was explored at pakhirala village of the sundarbans, a coastal region of south 24 parganas district of west bengal, eastern india. the pakhirala village was surrounded by other villages affected by a similar epidemic. the affected villages experienced this epidemic following the cyclone aila, which had hit the coastal region of the sundarbans in eastern india. in pakhirala, the situation was the worst. within a span of six weeks (5 june-20 july 2009), 3,5 ... | 2010 | 20824973 |
| the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the structure of the periplasmic domain of the vibrio cholerae toxr protein. | proteins adsorbed on nanoparticles (nps) are being used as biosensors and in drug delivery. however, our understanding of the effect of nps on the structure of proteins is still in a nascent state. in this work we report the unfolding behavior of the periplasmic domain of the toxr protein (toxrp) of vibrio cholerae on zinc oxide (zno) nanoparticles with a diameter of 2.5 nm. this protein plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of several virulence factors in the pathogenesis of cholera ... | 2010 | 20825484 |
| molecular evidence of cholera outbreak caused by a toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 el tor variant strain in kelantan, malaysia. | a total of 20 vibrio cholerae isolates were recovered for investigation from a cholera outbreak in kelantan, malaysia, that occurred between november and december 2009. all isolates were biochemically characterized as v. cholerae serogroup o1 ogawa of the el tor biotype. they were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics, including tetracycline, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, streptomycin, penicillin g, and polymyxin b, with 35% of the isolates being resistant to ampicillin. a ... | 2010 | 20826646 |
| conversion of viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae to the culturable state by co-culture with eukaryotic cells. | vbnc vibrio cholerae o139 vc-280 obtained by incubation in 1% solution of artificial sea water io at 4°c for 74 days converted to the culturable state when co-cultured with cho cells. other eukaryotic cell lines, including ht-29, caco-2, t84, hela, and intestine 407, also supported conversion of vbnc cells to the culturable state. conversion of vbnc v. cholerae o1 n16961 and v. cholerae o139 vc-280/pg13 to the culturable state, under the same conditions, was also confirmed. when vbnc v. cholerae ... | 2010 | 20840148 |
| syntaxin 3 is necessary for camp- and cgmp-regulated exocytosis of cftr: implications for enterotoxigenic diarrhea. | enterotoxins elaborated by vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli cannot elicit fluid secretion in the absence of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) chloride channels. after enterotoxin exposure, cftr channels are rapidly recruited from endosomes and undergo exocytic insertion into the apical plasma membrane of enterocytes to increase the number of channels on the cell surface by at least fourfold. however, the molecular machinery that orchestrates exocytic inser ... | 2010 | 20844248 |