Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| ai-2 quorum-sensing inhibitors affect the starvation response and reduce virulence in several vibrio species, most likely by interfering with luxpq. | the increase of disease outbreaks caused by vibrio species in aquatic organisms as well as in humans, together with the emergence of antibiotic resistance in vibrio species, has led to a growing interest in alternative disease control measures. quorum sensing (qs) is a mechanism for regulating microbial gene expression in a cell density-dependent way. while there is good evidence for the involvement of auto-inducer 2 (ai-2)-based interspecies qs in the control of virulence in multiple vibrio spe ... | 2009 | 19778962 |
| vopf, a type iii effector protein from a non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain, demonstrates toxicity in a saccharomyces cerevisiae model. | vopf, a type iii effector protein, has been identified as a contributory factor to the intestinal colonization of type iii secretion system-positive, non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strains. to gain more insight into the function of vopf, a yeast model was developed. using this model, it was found that ectopic expression of vopf conferred toxicity in yeast. | 2010 | 19779031 |
| the pathogenic properties of a novel and conserved gene product, kerv, in proteobacteria. | identification of novel virulence factors is essential for understanding bacterial pathogenesis and designing antibacterial strategies. in this study, we uncover such a factor, termed kerv, in proteobacteria. experiments carried out in a variety of eukaryotic host infection models revealed that the virulence of a pseudomonas aeruginosa kerv null mutant was compromised when it interacted with amoebae, plants, flies, and mice. bioinformatics analyses indicated that kerv is a hypothetical methyltra ... | 2009 | 19779606 |
| differential response of vibrio cholerae planktonic and biofilm cells to autoinducer 2 deficiency. | the formation of biofilm communities enhances the persistence of vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments. biofilm production is repressed by the quorum-sensing regulator hapr in response to the accumulation of cai-1 and ai-2. cai-1 is the strongest input signal activating hapr, whereas the role of ai-2 remains ill-defined. in the present study, we show that a v. cholerae luxs (ai-2-defective) mutant made increased biofilm. interestingly, cells in the biofilm were more responsive to ai-2 deficien ... | 2009 | 19780972 |
| antisecretory activity from the flowers of chiranthodendron pentadactylon and its flavonoids on intestinal fluid accumulation induced by vibrio cholerae toxin in rats. | the flowers of chiranthodendron pentadactylon larreat. (sterculiaceae) has been traditionally used as folk medicine in mexico for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders such as diarrhea and dysentery. | 2009 | 19781621 |
| epidemics of severe cholera caused by el tor vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa possessing the ctxb gene of the classical biotype in orissa, india. | we investigated the epidemic of cholera that occurred in kashipur and dasmantpur blocks of orissa, reported during july-september 2007. | 2010 | 19781971 |
| identification and characterization of phage ps166 lysogens from non-o1, o139 strains of vibrio cholerae. | in recent years, non-o1, o139 serogroups of vibrio cholerae have become a major source of pathogenic infection. however, the origin and acquisition of their virulence properties remain under explored. in this regard bacteriophages of vibrio cholerae are well known to be the carriers of pathogenic traits across various strains. so, any possible association of vibriophages and non-o1, o139 serogroups would provide a deeper insight of their pathogenic threats. | 2009 | 19789504 |
| a duplex vibriocidal assay to simultaneously measure bactericidal antibody titers against vibrio cholerae o1 inaba and ogawa serotypes. | currently available cholera vaccines are formulated with killed-whole cells of vibrio cholerae o1 inaba and ogawa serotypes. a serum vibriocidal assay has been widely used to evaluate the immunogenicity of cholera vaccines in clinical trials. in this study, we developed a duplex vibriocidal assay to obtain vibriocidal antibody titers against both serotypes simultaneously. initially, serial dilutions of serum from vaccinees were incubated with guinea pig complements along with both streptomycin-r ... | 2009 | 19796659 |
| molecular evidence favouring step-wise evolution of mozambique vibrio cholerae o1 el tor hybrid strain. | the ctxab operon, encoding cholera toxin (ct) in vibrio cholerae, is carried by the genome of a filamentous phage, ctxphi. usually, specific ctxphi infect each of the two important biotypes, classical and el tor, of epidemic v. cholerae strains belonging to serogroup o1, and are called ctx(class)phi and ctx(et)phi, respectively. however, an unusual hybrid el tor strain carrying ctx(class)phi caused the cholera epidemic in mozambique in 2004. to understand the evolution of that strain, we have fu ... | 2010 | 19797359 |
| effects of enteropathogenic bacteria & lactobacilli on chemokine secretion & toll like receptor gene expression in two human colonic epithelial cell lines. | the intestinal epithelium is part of the innate immune system responding to contact with pathogenic or commensal bacteria. the objective of this study was to compare innate responses of intestinal epithelial cell lines to pathogenic bacteria and to lactobacilli. | 2009 | 19797815 |
| multiresistant vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 from waters in south india: resistance patterns and virulence-associated gene profiles. | from different aquatic locations in alleppey district, kerala, south india a number (n = 36) of multiresistant non-o1, non-o139 v. cholerae strains were isolated. water samples were filtered through 0.22 mum membrane filters, enriched in alkaline peptone water and plated onto thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (tcbs) agar. the isolates were resistance to cefotaxime (50%), nalidixic acid (44.4%), streptomycin and tetracycline (41.6%), trimethoprim (38.8%), co-trimoxazole (33.3%), furazolidone ... | 2009 | 19810041 |
| successful small intestine colonization of adult mice by vibrio cholerae requires ketamine anesthesia and accessory toxins. | vibrio cholerae colonizes the small intestine of adult c57bl/6 mice. in this study, the physical and genetic parameters that facilitate this colonization were investigated. successful colonization was found to depend upon anesthesia with ketamine-xylazine and neutralization of stomach acid with sodium bicarbonate, but not streptomycin treatment. a variety of common mouse strains were colonized by o1, o139, and non-o1/non-o139 strains. all combinations of mutants in the genes for hemolysin, the m ... | 2009 | 19812690 |
| vibrio cholerae interactions with the gastrointestinal tract: lessons from animal studies. | vibrio cholerae is a curved gram-negative rod that causes the diarrheal disease cholera. one hundred and twenty five years of study of v. cholerae microbiology have made this lethal pathogen arguably the most well-understood non-invasive mucosal pathogen. over the past 25 years, modern molecular techniques have permitted the identification of many genes and cellular processes that are critical for v. cholerae colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. review of the literature reveals that there ... | 2009 | 19812979 |
| ai-2 does not function as a quorum sensing molecule in campylobacter jejuni during exponential growth in vitro. | campylobacter jejuni contains a homologue of the luxs gene shown to be responsible for the production of the signalling molecule autoinducer-2 (ai-2) in vibrio harveyi and vibrio cholerae. the aim of this study was to determine whether ai-2 acted as a diffusible quorum sensing signal controlling c. jejuni gene expression when it is produced at high levels during mid exponential growth phase. | 2009 | 19814796 |
| acanthamoeba polyphaga is a possible host for vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments. | acanthamoeba is a genus of free-living amoebae found to be able to host many bacterial species living in the environment. acanthamoebae and vibrio cholerae are found in the aquatic environments of cholera endemic areas. previously it has been shown that v. cholerae o1 and o139 can survive and grow in acanthamoeba castellanii. the aim of this study was to examine the ability of acanthamoeba polyphaga to host v. cholerae o1 and o139. the interaction between a. polyphaga and v. cholerae strains was ... | 2010 | 19815016 |
| a rapid, simple, and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification method to detect toxigenic vibrio cholerae in rectal swab samples. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method was designed for clinical diagnosis of vibrio cholerae carrying the ctxa gene. the detection limits of the method were 5 fg of purified genomic dna/reaction and 0.54 cfu/reaction. the method was applied to rectal swab samples from cholera patients and healthy volunteers (19 subjects each) and yielded the same results as the "gold standard" culture method, while the polymerase chain reaction-based method failed to detect v. cholerae in 8 of the ... | 2010 | 19815364 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa detoxified lipopolysaccharide structures as inducers of cytokines and oxidative species in macrophages. | multidrug resistance in several strains of vibrio cholerae has encouraged anti-cholera vaccine developmental attempts using various subcellular moieties. in order to examine the immunological efficacy of detoxified lps (dlps)-derived saccharide immunogens, ex vivo activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages (mphis) was investigated. the immunomodulatory effect was evaluated via induction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (il)-1 alpha and il-6 and accelera ... | 2010 | 19815665 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 capsular polysaccharide confers complement resistance in the absence or presence of antibody yet presents a productive target for cell lysis: implications for detection of bactericidal antibodies. | vibrio cholerae o139 variants with different surface phenotypes have been compared for their resistance to complement and also for their susceptibility to antibody-dependent, complement-mediated bacteriolysis (acb). while both capsular polysaccharide (cps) and lipopolysaccharide (lps) contribute to complement resistance in the absence of antibody, the relative survival of variants expressing only one of these surface polysaccharides reveals cps to be of much greater significance in this respect. ... | 2009 | 19818394 |
| efficacy and safety of a modified killed-whole-cell oral cholera vaccine in india: an interim analysis of a cluster-randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | oral cholera vaccines consisting of killed whole cells have been available for many years, but they have not been used extensively in populations with endemic disease. an inexpensive, locally produced oral killed-whole-cell vaccine has been used in high-risk areas in vietnam. to expand the use of this vaccine, it was modified to comply with who standards. we assessed the efficacy and safety of this modified vaccine in a population with endemic cholera. | 2009 | 19819004 |
| on the origins of a vibrio species. | thirty-two genome sequences of various vibrionaceae members are compared, with emphasis on what makes v. cholerae unique. as few as 1,000 gene families are conserved across all the vibrionaceae genomes analysed; this fraction roughly doubles for gene families conserved within the species v. cholerae. of these, approximately 200 gene families that cluster on various locations of the genome are not found in other sequenced vibrionaceae; these are possibly unique to the v. cholerae species. by comp ... | 2010 | 19830476 |
| vej{phi}, a novel filamentous phage of vibrio cholerae able to transduce the cholera toxin genes. | a novel filamentous bacteriophage, designated vejphi, was isolated from strain mo45 of vibrio cholerae of the o139 serogroup. a molecular characterization of the phage was carried out, which included sequencing of its whole genome, study of the genomic structure, identification of the phage receptor, and determination of the function of some of the genes, such as those encoding the major capsid protein and the single-stranded dna-binding protein. the genome nucleotide sequence of vejphi, which c ... | 2010 | 19833774 |
| the vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing autoinducer cai-1: analysis of the biosynthetic enzyme cqsa. | vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes the disease cholera, controls virulence factor production and biofilm development in response to two extracellular quorum-sensing molecules, called autoinducers. the strongest autoinducer, called cai-1 (for cholera autoinducer-1), was previously identified as (s)-3-hydroxytridecan-4-one. biosynthesis of cai-1 requires the enzyme cqsa. here, we determine the cqsa reaction mechanism, identify the cqsa substrates as (s)-2-aminobutyrate and decanoyl coenzym ... | 2009 | 19838203 |
| rapid detection of virulence-associated genes in environmental strains of vibrio cholerae by multiplex pcr. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera is ubiquitously distributed in aquatic environment particularly in coastal waters, estuaries, and rivers. in the present investigation, a multiplex pcr assay was developed for the detection of virulence-associated genes (rtxa, tcpa, ctxa, hlya, and sto) in environmental isolates of v. cholerae. a total of 90 strains isolated from different environmental sources were screened for the presence of virulence-associated genes. our results showed that th ... | 2010 | 19841974 |
| distribution and sequence analysis of virulence associated genes in vibrio cholerae o1, o139 and non-o1/non-o139 isolates from thailand. | virulence-associated genes of vibrio cholerae including o1, o139 and non-o1/non-o139 from an outbreak in songkhla province and sporadic cases occurred in thailand during 1993 - 2002 were investigated. one hundred eighty-five v. cholerae strains were examined for the presence of virulence-associated genes including ctxa, tcpa, zot, toxr, toxs, toxt, and ace by polymerase chain reaction. dna sequences of ctxa, tcpa, zot and toxr also were investigated in 8 selected isolates. results showed that th ... | 2009 | 19842384 |
| clinical outcomes in household contacts of patients with cholera in bangladesh. | multiple vibrio cholerae infections in the same household are common. the objective of this study was to examine the incidence of v. cholerae infection and associated clinical symptoms in household contacts of patients with cholera and to identify risk factors for development of severe dehydration in this cohort. | 2009 | 19842974 |
| genomic analysis of a novel integrative conjugative element in vibrio cholerae. | integrative conjugative elements (ices) are a class of self-transmissible mobile elements that mediate horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, and play an important role in bacterial evolution. since 1992, ices of the sxt/r391 family have been found to be widely distributed among vibrio cholerae strains isolated in asian countries. here we describe icevchb33, an ice found in the genomes of two v. cholerae o1 eltor strains, one isolated in india, 1994, and the other from mozambique, 2004. icevchb33 ... | 2009 | 19850044 |
| three-dimensional structure of different functional forms of the vibrio cholerae hemolysin oligomer: a cryo-electron microscopic study. | vibrio cholerae hemolysin (hlya) is a 65-kda water-soluble pore-forming toxin that causes lysis of eukaryotic cells by destroying selective permeability of the plasma membrane bilayer. the hlya monomer self-assembles on the target cell surface to the more stable beta-barrel amphipathic heptamer, which inserts into the membrane bilayer to form a diffusion channel. deletion of the 15-kda beta-prism lectin domain at the c terminus generates a 50-kda hemolysin variant (hlya50) with an approximately ... | 2010 | 19854900 |
| development of immunoglobulin m memory to both a t-cell-independent and a t-cell-dependent antigen following infection with vibrio cholerae o1 in bangladesh. | vibrio cholerae o1 can cause severe watery diarrhea that can be life-threatening without treatment. infection results in long-lasting protection against subsequent disease. development of memory b cells of the immunoglobulin g (igg) and iga isotypes to v. cholerae o1 antigens, including serotype-specific lipopolysaccharide (lps) and the b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb), after cholera infection has been demonstrated. memory b cells of the igm isotype may play a role in long-term protection, parti ... | 2010 | 19858296 |
| quorum sensing negatively regulates hemolysin transcriptionally and posttranslationally in vibrio cholerae. | recent work has shown that in addition to cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), other cytotoxic proteins in vibrio cholerae also cause disease symptoms, and this is particularly evident in strains lacking ct. one such protein is the hemolysin encoded by hlya. here we show that, like ct and tcp, hlya is repressed by the quorum-sensing-regulated transcription factor hapr. this repression occurs on two levels: one at the transcriptional level that is independent of the metallopr ... | 2010 | 19858311 |
| household fish preparation hygiene and cholera transmission in monrovia, liberia. | in the 1980s vibrio cholerae was found to be an autochthonous resident of aquatic environments. as result, ingestion of undercooked, contaminated fish has been associated with cholera transmission. an alternative mechanism of transmission associated with fish was hypothesised by schürmann et al. in 2002. he described a cholera case that was more likely to have been infected by contamination on the patient's hands rather than by ingestion of contaminated fish. | 2009 | 19858575 |
| [establishment and application of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for rapid diagnosis of vibrio cholerae]. | to establish a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) method for rapid diagnosis of vibrio cholerae. | 2009 | 19861266 |
| [cholera epidemics in mali between 1995 and 2004]. | cholera represents a public health problem in developing countries like mali. | 2009 | 19863017 |
| the cultivation of amoebae in pure culture upon autolyzed tissues. | since the purpose of this paper is to record the cultivation of amoebae upon autolyzed tissue without bacterial association, the morphological characteristics, life cycle, means of differentiating species, and pathogenicity of the protozoa have been omitted. these subjects will be considered in later publications. the result of this study proves that some species of amoebae from liver abscesses and the human intestine can be cultivated upon various autolyzed tissues of man and some of the lower ... | 1913 | 19867701 |
| a group of paratyphoid bacilli from animals closely resembling those found in man. | 1. in addition to the paratyphoid bacilli already named there exists a group which occurs in a variety of animals and which culturally is the same as bacillus schottmülleri. as a rule this group can be separated from the latter by the type of clumps formed when bouillon cultures are used as antigens, while other antigens and complement fixation tests have failed to differentiate it. agglutination absorption tests sharply separate the animal from the human paratyphoids. 2. no differences have bee ... | 1920 | 19868428 |
| bacilli of the hog-cholera group (bacillus cholerae suis) in man. | 1. the organisms isolated by hirschfeld from febrile cases resembling paratyphoid fever and named paratyphoid c can be placed in the hog-cholera bacillus group by their agglutination absorption properties though they are not typical culturally. 2. when fed to a pig a febrile disease resulted from which the animal recovered. after injection of hog-cholera virus the organisms fed were found generally, distributed and some of them had lost cultural characters so that they are brought into the class ... | 1920 | 19868429 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of vibrio cholerae by loop-mediated isothermal amplification targeted to the gene of outer membrane protein ompw. | the present study was aimed to develop a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for rapid and specific detection of vibrio cholerae. | 2010 | 19874480 |
| isolation of vibrio cholerae el tor serotype inaba in 2006 and the most common phage type of v. cholerae in mumbai. | 2009 | 19876467 | |
| identification, cloning, and functional characterization of emrd-3, a putative multidrug efflux pump of the major facilitator superfamily from vibrio cholerae o395. | a putative multidrug efflux pump, emrd-3, belonging to the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) of transporters and sharing homology with the bcr/cfla subfamily, was identified in vibrio cholerae o395. we cloned the emrd-3 gene and evaluated its role in antimicrobial efflux in a hypersensitive escherichia coli strain. the efflux activity of this membrane protein resulted in lowering the intracellular concentration of ethidium. the recombinant plasmid carrying emrd-3 conferred enhanced resistance ... | 2009 | 19876617 |
| development of a live oral attaching and effacing escherichia coli vaccine candidate using vibrio cholerae cvd 103-hgr as antigen vector. | attaching and effacing escherichia coli (aeec) share the ability to induce pedestal formation and intimate adherence of the bacteria to the intestinal epithelial cell and effacement of microvilli of epithelial tissue. the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) pathogenicity island encodes the ability to induce attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions and contains the gene eae, which encodes intimin, an outer membrane protein that is an adhesin for a/e lesion formation. here we show the utility of usin ... | 2010 | 19878715 |
| a rice-based oral cholera vaccine induces macaque-specific systemic neutralizing antibodies but does not influence pre-existing intestinal immunity. | we previously showed that oral immunization of mice with a rice-based vaccine expressing cholera toxin (ct) b subunit (mucorice-ct-b) induced ct-specific immune responses with toxin-neutralizing activity in both systemic and mucosal compartments. in this study, we examined whether the vaccine can induce ct-specific ab responses in nonhuman primates. orally administered mucorice-ct-b induced high levels of ct-neutralizing serum igg abs in the three cynomolgus macaques we immunized. although the a ... | 2009 | 19880451 |
| comparison of clinical features and immunological parameters of patients with dehydrating diarrhoea infected with inaba or ogawa serotypes of vibrio cholerae o1. | vibrio cholerae o1, ogawa and inaba serotypes, both cause severe cholera. we compared clinical and immunological features in patients in bangladesh infected with these 2 serotypes. blood was collected from hospitalized ogawa (n=146) or inaba (n=191) patients at the acute stage (day 2) and 5 and 19 days later. ogawa patients were younger than inaba, presented with shorter duration of diarrhoea, and had more frequent abdominal pain, vomiting and need for intravenous fluids (p<0.05). inaba patients ... | 2010 | 19883159 |
| beyond antibiotic resistance: integrating conjugative elements of the sxt/r391 family that encode novel diguanylate cyclases participate to c-di-gmp signalling in vibrio cholerae. | in vibrio cholerae, the second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) increases exopolysaccharides production and biofilm formation and decreases virulence and motility. as such, c-di-gmp is considered an important player in the transition from the host to persistence in the environment. c-di-gmp level is regulated through a complex network of more than 60 chromosomal genes encoding predicted diguanylate cyclases (dgcs) and phosphodiesterases. herein we report th ... | 2010 | 19888998 |
| simultaneous differential detection of human pathogenic and nonpathogenic vibrio species using a multiplex pcr based on gyrb and pnta genes. | to develop a multiplex pcr targeting the gyrb and pnta genes for vibrio species differentiation. | 2010 | 19891709 |
| hybrid el tor vibrio cholerae o1, kuwait. | 2009 | 19891900 | |
| synthesis of silver nanoparticles using acalypha indica leaf extracts and its antibacterial activity against water borne pathogens. | in the present study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and its activity on water borne bacterial pathogens were investigated. silver nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized using leaf extract of acalypha indica and the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 30min. the results recorded from uv-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (sem), x-ray diffraction (xrd) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (eds) support the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles. from high ... | 2010 | 19896347 |
| structural basis of ligand binding by a c-di-gmp riboswitch. | the second messenger signaling molecule bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) regulates many processes in bacteria, including motility, pathogenesis and biofilm formation. c-di-gmp-binding riboswitches are important downstream targets in this signaling pathway. here we report the crystal structure, at 2.7 a resolution, of a c-di-gmp riboswitch aptamer from vibrio cholerae bound to c-di-gmp, showing that the ligand binds within a three-helix junction that involves base-pai ... | 2009 | 19898477 |
| recognition of the bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate by its cognate riboswitch. | the cyclic diguanylate (bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate, c-di-gmp) riboswitch is the first known example of a gene-regulatory rna that binds a second messenger. c-di-gmp is widely used by bacteria to regulate processes ranging from biofilm formation to the expression of virulence genes. the cocrystal structure of the c-di-gmp responsive gemm riboswitch upstream of the tfox gene of vibrio cholerae reveals the second messenger binding the rna at a three-helix junction. the two-f ... | 2009 | 19898478 |
| construction and characterization of rtxa and rtxc mutants of auxotrophic o139 vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that causes diarrheal disease. v. cholerae o1 and o139 serogroups are toxigenic and are known to cause epidemic cholera. these serogroups produce cholera toxin and other accessory toxins such as accessory cholera enterotoxin, zonula occludens toxin, and multifunctional, autoprocessing repeat in toxin (martx). in the present study, we incorporated mutated rtxa and rtxc genes that encode martx toxin into the existing aminolevulinic acid (ala) auxotrophi ... | 2010 | 19900531 |
| novel pcr-based genotyping method, using genomic variability between repetitive sequences of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 el tor and o139. | a novel genotyping method for toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 el tor and o139 was developed. the method was designed to amplify dna sequences "sandwiched" between any given pair of repetitive sequences, "v. cholera repeats (vcr)", in highly polymorphic "integron island" of ca. 125 kb in the small chromosome of toxigenic v. cholerae so that the resultant pcr amplicons would present with a strain-specific electrophoretic pattern. the vcr-targeted pcr assay (vcr-pcr) for 37 strains of toxigenic v. cho ... | 2010 | 19900536 |
| an outbreak of cholera associated with an unprotected well in parbatia, orissa, eastern india. | in november 2003, an outbreak (41 cases; attack rate-4.3%; no deaths) of severe diarrhoea was reported from a village in orissa, eastern india. thirteen of these cases were hospitalized. a matched case-control study was conducted to identify the possible exposure variables. since all wells were heavily chlorinated immediately after the outbreak, water samples were not tested. the cases were managed symptomatically. descriptive epidemiology suggested clustering of cases around one public well. vi ... | 2009 | 19902800 |
| characterization of two novel gene cassettes, dfra27 and aada16, in a non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolate from china. | two novel integron-borne cassettes, dfra27 (encoding trimethoprim resistance) and aada16 (encoding streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance), located on a conjugative plasmid, have been found in a non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholera isolate. dfra27 shares 75% amino acid identity with dfra5, and aada16 shares 88% identity with adaa6. cloning of the cassette region and expression analysis demonstrated that the aada16 gene can be expressed from its own promoter sequence, which is present upstream of t ... | 2010 | 19906273 |
| vibrio cholerae cytolysin causes an inflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells that is modulated by the prtv protease. | vibrio cholerae is the causal intestinal pathogen of the diarrheal disease cholera. it secretes the protease prtv, which protects the bacterium from invertebrate predators but reduces the ability of vibrio-secreted factor(s) to induce interleukin-8 (il-8) production by human intestinal epithelial cells. the aim was to identify the secreted component(s) of v. cholerae that induces an epithelial inflammatory response and to define whether it is a substrate for prtv. | 2009 | 19907657 |
| the phob regulatory system modulates biofilm formation and stress response in el tor biotype vibrio cholerae. | the phobr regulatory system is required for the induction of multiple genes under conditions of phosphate limitation. here, we examine the role of phob in biofilm formation and environmental stress response in vibrio cholerae of the el tor biotype. deletion of phob or hapr enhanced biofilm formation in a phosphate-limited medium. planktonic and redispersed biofilm cells of the deltaphob mutant did not differ from wild type for the expression of hapr, suggesting that phob negatively affects biofi ... | 2010 | 19909344 |
| validation of a method for the detection of five species, serogroups, biotypes and virulence factors of vibrio by multiplex pcr in fish and seafood. | in this work a sequential multiplex pcr system was designed and validated for the detection of most frequent foodborne pathogen vibrio species in fish and seafood (vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus, vibrio alginoliticus and vibrio mimicus). the method proposed functions in a hierarchical way, being composed of an end-point multiplex pcr to detect the presence of dna belonging to the studied species, followed by multiplex pcr and fragment analysis allowing the viability ... | 2010 | 19913702 |
| deciphering bacterial language. | 2009 | 19915530 | |
| rtxa1-induced expression of the small gtpase rac2 plays a key role in the pathogenicity of vibrio vulnificus. | infection with the human pathogen vibrio vulnificus leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) via nad(p)h oxidase (nox) in host cells. in the present study, we employed mutant v. vulnificus strains to identify an essential virulence factor responsible for this ros generation. we found that repeats-in-toxin a1 (rtxa1) expressed by v. vulnificus acts via nox1 to induce significant ros generation in the intestine epithelial cells, which ultimately results in cell death. furthermore, ... | 2010 | 19919301 |
| the toxt-dependent methyl-accepting chemoreceptors acfb and tcpi contribute to vibrio cholerae intestinal colonization. | vibrio cholerae colonizes the human intestine and causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera. flagellar-mediated chemotaxis contributes to intestinal colonization as well as infectivity. the virulence-regulatory protein toxt activates transcription of the genes encoding the major virulence factors cholera toxin and toxin coregulated pilus. toxt additionally activates transcription of two genes, tcpi and acfb, located within the vibrio pathogenicity island predicted to encode methyl-accepting che ... | 2010 | 19929967 |
| triclosan resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 is due to fabv, a triclosan-resistant enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase. | triclosan, a very widely used biocide, specifically inhibits fatty acid synthesis by inhibition of enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase. escherichia coli fabi is the prototypical triclosan-sensitive enoyl-acp reductase, and e. coli is extremely sensitive to the biocide. however, other bacteria are resistant to triclosan, because they encode triclosan-resistant enoyl-acp reductase isozymes. in contrast, the triclosan resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 has been attributed to active ef ... | 2010 | 19933806 |
| the virulence transcriptional activator apha enhances biofilm formation by vibrio cholerae by activating expression of the biofilm regulator vpst. | vibrio cholerae is the agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, and it perpetuates in aquatic reservoirs when not in the host. within the host's intestines, the bacteria execute a complex regulatory pathway culminating with the production of virulence factors that allow colonization and cause disease. the ability of v. cholerae to form biofilms is thought to aid its persistence in the aquatic environment and passage through the gastric acid barrier of the stomach. the transcriptional activ ... | 2010 | 19933826 |
| targeting the replication initiator of the second vibrio chromosome: towards generation of vibrionaceae-specific antimicrobial agents. | the vibrionaceae is comprised of numerous aquatic species and includes several human pathogens, such as vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera. all organisms in this family have two chromosomes, and replication of the smaller one depends on rctb, a gene that is restricted to the vibrionaceae. given the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistance in pathogenic vibrios, there is a need for new targets and drugs to combat these pathogens. here, we carried out a high throughput cell-based screen t ... | 2009 | 19936046 |
| g(i)-coupled gpcr signaling controls the formation and organization of human pluripotent colonies. | reprogramming adult human somatic cells to create human induced pluripotent stem (hips) cell colonies involves a dramatic morphological and organizational transition. these colonies are morphologically indistinguishable from those of pluripotent human embryonic stem (hes) cells. g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are required in diverse developmental processes, but their role in pluripotent colony morphology and organization is unknown. we tested the hypothesis that g(i)-coupled gpcr signaling ... | 2009 | 19936228 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of total and specific vibrio species. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique is widely used for efficient detection of food-borne pathogens because of speed and specificity. however, pcr methods have focused mostly on species-specific detection. in the present work, we describe a pcr-based method for the simultaneous detection of all vibrio species because lots of them are notorious food-borne human pathogens. we then combined this total detection method with specific detection of vibrio cholerae pathogen. using a degenerate ... | 2010 | 19937156 |
| antimicrobial lipids from the hemolymph of brachyuran crabs. | the potential of marine crabs as a source of biologically active products is largely unexplored. in the present study, antimicrobial activity of the hemolymph (plasma) and hemocytes (plasma cells) of six brachyuran crabs was investigated against 16 pathogenic strains. among the 16 strains tested maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in the hemolymph of hyas araneus against shigella flexineri. interestingly staphylococcus aureus and salmonella typhi were susceptible to all the hemolymph and hem ... | 2010 | 19937399 |
| preparation of synthetic polyoxazoline based carrier and vibrio cholerae o-specific polysaccharide conjugate vaccine. | multiple chemical attachments of carbohydrate antigens to linear polymer represent promising technique for creating biologically effective conjugates. a novel conjugate consisting of detoxified lipopolysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o135, linear polymer (polyoxazoline copolymer, serving as a matrix) and bsa (as immunogenic protein), has been prepared. the reaction conditions were optimized for obtaining high degree of conjugation. analytical methods were evaluated to characterize conjugates obtai ... | 2010 | 19939517 |
| activation of proinflammatory response in human intestinal epithelial cells following vibrio cholerae infection through pi3k/akt pathway. | vibrio cholerae activates proinflammatory response in cultured intestinal epithelial cells. in this study, we demonstrate that v. cholerae o395 infection of intestinal epithelial cells results in the activation of akt. inhibition of akt significantly decreases il-1alpha, il-6, and tnf-alpha production in v. cholerae infected int407 cells. analysis of the mechanisms of akt influences on cytokine response demonstrates that akt promotes nf-kappab activation. we have extended these findings to show ... | 2009 | 19940940 |
| evolution of new variants of vibrio cholerae o1. | vibrio cholerae typically contains a prophage that carries the genes encoding the cholera toxin, which is responsible for the major clinical symptoms of the disease. in recent years, new pathogenic variants of v. cholerae have emerged and spread throughout many asian and african countries. these variants display a mixture of phenotypic and genotypic traits from the two main biotypes (known as 'classical' and 'el tor'), suggesting that they are genetic hybrids. classical and el tor biotypes have ... | 2010 | 19942436 |
| development of peru-15 (choleragarde), a live-attenuated oral cholera vaccine: 1991-2009. | epidemics of severe dehydrating cholera are on the increase in resource-limited settings around the world. adults, children and young infants are all at risk of these infections. considerable efforts have been made for the development of safe and efficacious oral cholera vaccines over the last three decades. whole-cell-inactivated as well as live oral cholera vaccines have been developed and tested in different field settings to determine the efficacy and/or effectiveness of such vaccines for re ... | 2009 | 19943759 |
| transferable quinolone resistance in vibrio cholerae. | ciprofloxacin was introduced for treatment of patients with cholera in bangladesh because of resistance to other agents, but its utility has been compromised by the decreasing ciprofloxacin susceptibility of vibrio cholerae over time. we correlated levels of susceptibility and temporal patterns with the occurrence of mutation in gyra, which encodes a subunit of dna gyrase, followed by mutation in parc, which encodes a subunit of dna topoisomerase iv. we found that ciprofloxacin activity was more ... | 2010 | 19949057 |
| susceptibility to fluoroquinolones of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from diarrheal patients in zimbabwe. | 2009 | 19952318 | |
| [development of taqman real-time pcr in detection of aeromonas hydrophila]. | to develop a taqman real-time pcr for the detection of aeromonas hydrophila. | 2009 | 19954074 |
| come together, right now. | 2009 | 19956202 | |
| simplified, enhanced protein purification using an inducible, autoprocessing enzyme tag. | we introduce a new method for purifying recombinant proteins expressed in bacteria using a highly specific, inducible, self-cleaving protease tag. this tag is comprised of the vibrio cholerae martx toxin cysteine protease domain (cpd), an autoprocessing enzyme that cleaves exclusively after a leucine residue within the target protein-cpd junction. importantly, v. cholerae cpd is specifically activated by inositol hexakisphosphate (insp(6)), a eukaryotic-specific small molecule that is absent fro ... | 2009 | 19956581 |
| mining regulatory 5'utrs from cdna deep sequencing datasets. | regulatory 5' untranslated regions (r5'utrs) of mrnas such as riboswitches modulate the expression of genes involved in varied biological processes in both bacteria and eukaryotes. new high-throughput sequencing technologies could provide powerful tools for discovery of novel r5'utrs, but the size and complexity of the datasets generated by these technologies makes it difficult to differentiate r5'utrs from the multitude of other types of rnas detected. here, we developed and implemented a bioin ... | 2010 | 19969537 |
| synthesis, spectral analysis and in vitro microbiological evaluation of 3-(3-alkyl-2,6-diarylpiperin-4-ylidene)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones as a new class of antibacterial and antifungal agents. | in the present work, a new series of bis hybrid heterocycle comprising both piperidine and thiohydantoin nuclei together namely 3-(3-alkyl-2,6-diarylpiperin-4-ylidene)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones 46-60 was synthesized by the treatment of the respective thiosemicarbazones 31-45 with chloroethyl acetate and anhydrous sodium acetate in refluxing ethanol for 4h and were characterized by melting point, elemental analysis, ms, ft-ir, one-dimensional nmr ((1)h, d(2)o exchanged (1)h and (13)c), two dime ... | 2010 | 20004098 |
| classical rs1 and environmental rs1 elements in vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains harbouring a tandem repeat of ctx prophage: revisiting mozambique in 2005. | currently, vibrio cholerae o1 serogroup biotype el tor strains producing classical type cholera toxin (altered strains or el tor variants) are prevalent in asia and in mozambique. mozambican strains collected in 2004 contained a tandem repeat of ctx prophage on the small chromosome and each ctx prophage harboured the classical rstr and classical ctxb. we found that the majority of the strains collected in 2005 in mozambique contained extra elements on the large chromosome in addition to the tand ... | 2010 | 20007761 |
| isolation of a bacteriophage specific for cs7-expressing strains of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the most common bacterial cause of childhood diarrhoea in bangladesh. among the virulence factors of etec, toxins and colonization factors (cfs) play a major role in pathogenesis. unlike vibrio cholerae, the relationship between etec and etec-specific phages is poorly understood and the possible role of etec phages in the evolution of etec strains in the environment is yet to be established. this study was designed specifically to isolate phages that ar ... | 2010 | 20007763 |
| structure and mechanism of a pentameric formate channel. | formate transport across the inner membrane is a critical step in anaerobic bacterial respiration. members of the formate/nitrite transport protein family function to shuttle substrate across the cytoplasmic membrane. in bacterial pathogens, the nitrite transport protein is involved in protecting bacteria from peroxynitrite released by host macrophages. we have determined the 2.13-a structure of the formate channel foca from vibrio cholerae, which reveals a pentamer in which each monomer possess ... | 2010 | 20010838 |
| hypoxia and the hypoxic response pathway protect against pore-forming toxins in c. elegans. | pore-forming toxins (pfts) are by far the most abundant bacterial protein toxins and are important for the virulence of many important pathogens. as such, cellular responses to pfts critically modulate host-pathogen interactions. although many cellular responses to pfts have been recorded, little is understood about their relevance to pathological or defensive outcomes. to shed light on this important question, we have turned to the only genetic system for studying pft-host interactions-caenorha ... | 2009 | 20011506 |
| [non-toxigenic hemolytic vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139 fatal septicemia. report of one case]. | we report a 70-year-old woman, who had recently consumed shellfish, that was admitted to the intensive care unit with septic shock and died 19 hours later due to a multi-organic failure. microbiological, serological and molecular assays confirmed a hemolytic tdh+ vibrio cholerae non-01, non 0139 as the etiologic agent. | 2009 | 20011960 |
| mobile antibiotic resistance encoding elements promote their own diversity. | integrating conjugative elements (ices) are a class of bacterial mobile genetic elements that disseminate via conjugation and then integrate into the host cell genome. the sxt/r391 family of ices consists of more than 30 different elements that all share the same integration site in the host chromosome but often encode distinct properties. these elements contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in several gram-negative bacteria including vibrio cholerae, the agent of cholera. here ... | 2009 | 20019796 |
| [a duplex nested pcr assay detecting of vibrio cholerae and its application on environmental specimens]. | to establish a duplex nested pcr assay system which is capable for detecting o1 and o139 groups of vibrio cholerae simultaneously, and is applicable to environmental specimens from routine cholera surveillance. | 2009 | 20021845 |
| the el tor biotype of vibrio cholerae exhibits a growth advantage in the stationary phase in mixed cultures with the classical biotype. | vibrio cholerae strains of the o1 serogroup that typically cause epidemic cholera can be classified into two biotypes, classical and el tor. the el tor biotype emerged in 1961 and subsequently displaced the classical biotype as a cause of cholera throughout the world. in this study we demonstrate that when strains of the el tor and classical biotypes were cocultured in standard lb medium, the el tor strains clearly had a competitive growth advantage over the classical biotype starting from the l ... | 2010 | 20023022 |
| mechanisms involved in governing adherence of vibrio cholerae to granular starch. | vibrio cholerae has been shown to adhere to cornstarch granules. the present work explored the mechanisms involved in this adhesion and the possibility of its occurrence in vivo. the findings suggest that both specific and nonspecific interactions are involved in the adhesion. nonspecific hydrophobic interactions may play a role, since both v. cholerae and cornstarch granules exhibited hydrophobic properties when they were tested using a xylene-water system. in addition, the presence of bile aci ... | 2010 | 20023099 |
| critical evaluation of the volumetric "bottle effect" on microbial batch growth. | we have analyzed the impact of surface-to-volume ratio on final bacterial concentrations after batch growth. we examined six bottle sizes (20 to 1,000 ml) using three independent enumeration methods to quantify growth. we found no evidence of a so-called volumetric bottle effect, thus contradicting numerous previous reports. | 2010 | 20023110 |
| [laboratory diagnosis of cholera: analysis and prospects for improvement]. | microbiological monitoring of the circulation of vibro cholerae remains one of the key factors contributing to optimization of epidemiological surveillance in a specific area and the laboratory diagnosis of cholera is a basic applied tool for the detection and characterization of isolated cultures. the quality of etiological identification of the pathogen, the competent use of procedures, and the observance of a laboratory diagnosis scheme increases the likelihood of the cholera pathogen being d ... | 2009 | 20030273 |
| genetic analysis of ctx prophages with special reference to ctxb and rstr alleles of vibrio cholerae o139 strains isolated from kolkata over a decade. | chronological analysis of 125 vibrio cholerae o139 strains isolated during 1993-2005 in kolkata revealed the prevalence of two new genotypes of cholera toxin (ct) and novel combinations of ctxb and rstr alleles resulting in variant ctx prophages. one of the new genotypes of ctxb, which first appeared in 1996 with the re-emerged v. cholerae o139 strains that had ctx calcutta phage, was designated as genotype 4. in 1998, another new genotype, designated as genotype 5, was detected that prevailed m ... | 2010 | 20030720 |
| characterization of an sxt variant vibrio cholerae o1 ogawa isolated from a patient in trivandrum, india. | the emerging multiple drug resistance in bacterial pathogens is complicating the treatment of diseases and hence is a major public health concern. in the present study, vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa isolated from a patient was examined for antibiotic susceptibility pattern, presence of sxt and its transmissibility, associated drug resistance genes and variation in the int gene and the attp attachment site of sxt. the strain showed resistance to ampicillin, polymixin b, co-trimoxazole, trimetho ... | 2010 | 20030727 |
| impact of temperature variability on cholera incidence in southeastern africa, 1971-2006. | africa has a number of climate-sensitive diseases. one that remains a threat to public health is cholera. the aquatic environment temperature is the most important ecological parameter governing the survival and growth of vibrio cholerae. indeed, recent studies indicate that global warming might create a favorable environment for v. cholerae and increase its incidence in vulnerable areas. in light of this, a poisson regression model has been used to analyze the possible association between the c ... | 2009 | 20039097 |
| molecular characterisation of vibrio cholerae o1 strains carrying an sxt/r391-like element from cholera outbreaks in kenya: 1994-2007. | over the last decade, cholera outbreaks in parts of kenya have become common. although a number of recent studies describe the epidemiology of cholera in kenya, there is paucity of information concerning the diversity and occurrence of mobile genetic elements in vibrio cholerae strains implicated in these outbreaks. a total of 65 vibrio cholerae o1 el tor serotype inaba isolated between 1994 and 2007 from various outbreaks in kenya were investigated for mobile genetic elements including integron ... | 2009 | 20040104 |
| comparative ice genomics: insights into the evolution of the sxt/r391 family of ices. | integrating and conjugative elements (ices) are one of the three principal types of self-transmissible mobile genetic elements in bacteria. ices, like plasmids, transfer via conjugation; but unlike plasmids and similar to many phages, these elements integrate into and replicate along with the host chromosome. members of the sxt/r391 family of ices have been isolated from several species of gram-negative bacteria, including vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera, where they have been important vec ... | 2009 | 20041216 |
| deletion of penicillin-binding protein 5 (pbp5) sensitises escherichia coli cells to beta-lactam agents. | escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 5 (pbp5), a dd-carboxypeptidase encoded by the daca gene, plays a key role in the maintenance of cell shape. although pbp5 shares one of the highest copy numbers among the pbps, it is not essential for cell survival. to determine the effect of this redundant pbp on beta-lactam antibiotic susceptibility, pbp5 was deleted from o-antigen-negative e. coli k-12 (cs109) and o8-antigen-positive e. coli 2443, thus creating strains am15-1 and ag1o5-1, respectiv ... | 2010 | 20047819 |
| enteric pathogens in hiv/aids from a tertiary care hospital. | patterns of enteric infections in hiv in developing countries may differ in several important ways from developed countries, the knowledge of which can often guide therapy when resource limitations hamper the exact diagnosis of the etiological agent in hiv-associated diarrhea. | 2009 | 20049303 |
| chloroplast-derived vaccine antigens confer dual immunity against cholera and malaria by oral or injectable delivery. | cholera and malaria are major diseases causing high mortality. the only licensed cholera vaccine is expensive; immunity is lost in children within 3 years and adults are not fully protected. no vaccine is yet available for malaria. therefore, in this study, the cholera toxin-b subunit (ctb) of vibrio cholerae fused to malarial vaccine antigens apical membrane antigen-1 (ama1) and merozoite surface protein-1 (msp1) was expressed in lettuce and tobacco chloroplasts. southern blot analysis confirme ... | 2010 | 20051036 |
| virulence regulator aphb enhances toxr transcription in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera. extensive studies reveal that complicated regulatory cascades regulate expression of virulence genes, the products of which are required for v. cholerae to colonize and cause disease. in this study, we investigated the expression of the key virulence regulator toxr under different conditions. | 2010 | 20053280 |
| acute cholecystitis caused by nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 inaba. | a rare case of acute cholecystitis caused by serogroup o1 vibrio cholerae in an 83-year-old man is presented. his risk factors for cholecystitis included advanced age and previous abdominal surgeries. the patient had consumed raw oysters several days before presentation. the patient had a poor outcome after admission for this infection, likely due to his underlying illnesses that complicated his hospital course. | 2010 | 20053858 |
| the francisella tularensis pathogenicity island encodes a secretion system that is required for phagosome escape and virulence. | francisella tularensis causes the human disease tularemia. f. tularensis is able to survive and replicate within macrophages, a trait that has been correlated with its high virulence, but it is unclear the exact mechanism(s) this organism uses to escape killing within this hostile environment. f. tularensis virulence is dependent upon the francisella pathogenicity island (fpi), a cluster of genes that we show here shares homology with type vi secretion gene clusters in vibrio cholerae and pseudo ... | 2009 | 20054881 |
| mechanism and inhibition of the fabv enoyl-acp reductase from burkholderia mallei. | enoyl-acp reductases catalyze the final step in the elongation cycle of the bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis (fas-ii) pathway. at present, four distinct enoyl-acp reductases have been identified, which are the products of the fabi, fabl, fabk, and fabv genes. the fabv enoyl-acp reductase is the most recent member of this enzyme class and was originally identified in vibrio cholerae by cronan and co-workers [massengo-tiasse, r. p., and cronan, j. e. (2008) vibrio cholerae fabv defines a new clas ... | 2010 | 20055482 |
| rapid identification and characterization of vibrio species using whole-cell maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | vibrio identification by means of traditional microbiological methods is time consuming because of the many biochemical tests that have to be performed to distinguish closely related species. this work aimed at evaluating the use of maldi-tof mass spectrometry for the rapid identification of vibrio (v.) spp. as an advantageous application to rapidly discriminate the most important vibrio spp. and distinguish vibrio spp. from closely related bacterial species like photobacterium damselae and grim ... | 2010 | 20059616 |
| fish as reservoirs and vectors of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the etiologic agent of cholera, is autochthonous to various aquatic environments, but despite intensive efforts its ecology remains an enigma. recently, it was suggested that copepods and chironomids, both considered as natural reservoirs of v. cholerae, are dispersed by migratory waterbirds, thus possibly distributing the bacteria between water bodies within and between continents. although fish have been implicated in the scientific literature with cholera cases, as far as we ... | 2010 | 20066040 |
| development of simple and rapid pcr-fingerprinting methods for vibrio cholerae on the basis of genetic diversity of the superintegron. | to develop simple and rapid pcr-fingerprinting methods for vibrio cholerae o1 (el tor and classical biotypes) and o139 serogroup strains which cause major cholera epidemics, on the basis of the diversity of superintegron (si) carried by these strains. | 2010 | 20070445 |