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efficacy of the biocide steri-7 against the common gram-negative bacterial pathogens (burkholderia cenocepacia, burkholderia gladioli, burkholderia multivorans, pseudomonas aeruginosa and stenotrophomonas maltophilia) associated with cystic fibrosis (cf). 201323888610
biodegradation of phenanthrene in bioaugmented microcosm by consortium asp developed from coastal sediment of alang-sosiya ship breaking yard.a phenanthrene-degrading bacterial consortium (asp) was developed using sediment from the alang-sosiya shipbreaking yard at gujarat, india. 16s rrna gene-based molecular analyses revealed that the bacterial consortium consisted of six bacterial strains: bacillus sp. asp1, pseudomonas sp. asp2, stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain asp3, staphylococcus sp. asp4, geobacillus sp. asp5 and alcaligenes sp. asp6. the consortium was able to degrade 300 ppm of phenanthrene and 1000 ppm of naphthalene with ...201323906474
bacterial bioeffectors modify bioactive profile and increase isoflavone content in soybean sprouts (glycine max var osumi).the effect of two bacterial strains to enhance bioactive contents (total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds and isoflavones) and antioxidant activity on 3-day-old soybean sprouts were investigated. to identify bacterial determinants responsible for these effects, viable and uv-treated strains were delivered to wounded seeds at different concentration. multivariate analysis performed with all the evaluated parameters indicated the different effectiveness of stenotrophomonas maltophilia ...201323918406
[isolation and identification of rumen bacteria for cellulolytic enzyme production].we screened aerobic bacteria with cellulolytic activity from ruminal fluid of sheep, cattle and camel in xinjiang.201323957151
chitooligosaccharides are converted to n-acetylglucosamine by n-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia.the stenotrophomonas maltophilia k279a (stm) hex gene encodes a polypeptide of 785 amino acid residues, with an n-terminal signal peptide. stmhex was cloned without signal peptide and expressed as an 83.6 kda soluble protein in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). purified stmhex was optimally active at ph 5.0 and 40 °c. the vmax, km and kcat/km for stmhex towards chitin hexamer were 10.55 nkat (mg protein)(-1), 271 μm and 0.246 s(-1) mm(-1), while the kinetic values with chitobiose were 30.65 nkat (mg ...201323965017
[effect of colistin consumption and prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria].recently, there has been a renaissance of the use of the antibiotic colistin resulting from increasing resistance of bacterial pathogens, particularly in intensive care patients. the study aimed at assessing the impact of colistin consumption on the prevalence of colistin-resistant bacteria in the university hospital olomouc (uho).201323965814
bloodstream infection in patients with end-stage renal disease in a teaching hospital in central-western brazil.vascular access in patients undergoing hemodialysis is considered a critical determinant of bloodstream infection (bsi) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. the purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of bsi in patients with end-stage renal disease using central venous catheters for hemodialysis.201323970309
identification and discrimination of bacteria using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.bacterial spectra were obtained in the wavenumber range of 4000-600 cm(-1) using ftir spectroscopy. ftir spectral patterns were analyzed and matched with 16s-rrna signatures of bacterial strains os1 and os2, isolated from oil sludge. specific spectral bands obtained from os1 (fj226761), reference strain bacillus flexus (atcc 49095), os2 (fj215874) and reference strain stenotrophomonas maltophilia (atcc 19861) respectively, suggested that os1 and atcc 49095 were closely related whereas os2 was di ...201323973597
involvement of mutation in ampd i, mrca, and at least one additional gene in β-lactamase hyperproduction in stenotrophomonas maltophilia.it has been reported that targeted disruption of ampd i or mrca causes β-lactamase hyperproduction in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. we show here that β-lactamase-hyperproducing laboratory selected mutants and clinical isolates can have wild-type ampd i and mrca genes, implicating mutation of at least one additional gene in this phenotype. the involvement of mutations at multiple loci in the activation of β-lactamase production in s. maltophilia reveals that there are significant deviations from ...201323979761
stenotrophomonas maltophilia: pathogenesis model using caenorhabditis elegans. 201323988629
evaluation of humoral immune response to nosocomial pathogen and functional status in elderly patients with sepsis.the clinical significance of humoral immune response to nosocomial pathogens and functional status in elderly patients with sepsis is not clear. we evaluated the humoral immune to nosocomial pathogens and the effect of functional dependencies on clinical outcomes among elderly patients with sepsis. this study prospectively enrolled patients aged ≥65 years with sepsis from september 2011 to may 2012 at a 2000-bed university hospital. the data including cd4 and cd8 t-cell count, functional status ...201323998496
a case of unusual gram-negative bacilli septic arthritis in an immunocompetent patient.the gram-negative bacilli acinetobacter baumannii, burkholderia cepacia, ochrobactrum anthropi, pseudomonas mendocina, ralstonia spp., serratia marcescens and stenotrophomonas maltophilia are ubiquitous environmental organisms of low virulence, and do not usually cause illness in immunocompetent hosts. we report a case of multiple concurrent opportunistic gram-negative bacilli causing septic arthritis in a healthy patient following trauma to the knee. repeated operations, including arthroscopy, ...201324005465
antimicrobial activity of novel nanostructured cu-sio2 coatings prepared by chemical vapour deposition against hospital related pathogens.there is increasing recognition that the healthcare environment acts as an important reservoir for transmission of healthcare acquired infections (hcai). one method of reducing environmental contamination would be use of antimicrobial materials. the antimicrobial activity of thin silica-copper films prepared by chemical vapour deposition was evaluated against standard strains of bacteria used for disinfectant testing and bacteria of current interest in hcai. the structure of the coatings was det ...201324007899
assessing the xylanolytic bacterial diversity during the malting process.the presence of microorganisms producing cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes such as xylanases during malting can improve mash filtration behavior and consequently have potential for more efficient wort production. in this study, the xylanolytic bacterial community during malting was assessed by isolation and cultivation on growth media containing arabinoxylan, and identification by 16s rrna gene sequencing. a total of 33 species-level operational taxonomic units (otus) were found, taking into account ...201324010623
an evaluation of microbial and chemical contamination sources related to the deterioration of tap water quality in the household water supply system.the predominant microorganisms in samples taken from shower heads in residences in the korean city "n" were stenotrophomonas maltophilia, sphingomonas paucimobilis, acidovorax temperans, and microbacterium lacticum. legionella was not detected in this case. the volatile organic compounds (vocs) vinylacetate, nn-dma, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, epichlorohydrin, and styrene were measured in five types of plastic pipes: pvc, pb, pp, pe, and cpvc. the rate of multiplication of the heterotrophic plate ...201324018837
isolation and characterization of a novel strain of stenotrophomonas maltophilia possessing various dioxygenases for monocyclic hydrocarbon degradation.a gram-negative bacterium, designated as strain kb2, was isolated from activated sludge and was found to utilize different aromatic substrates as sole carbon and energy source. on the basis of morphological and physiochemical characteristics and 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the isolated strain kb2 was identified as stenotrophomonas maltophilia. strain kb2 is from among different stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains the first one described as exhibiting the activities of three types of dioxyg ...200924031359
screening, purification and characterization of a novel cold-active and organic solvent-tolerant lipase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia cgmcc 4254.an extracellular organic solvent-tolerant and cold-active lipase producing bacterium was isolated from oil-contaminated soil samples, and identified taxonomically as stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the lipase from s. maltophilia cgmcc 4254 (sml) was purified 60.5-fold to homogeneity with 38.9 u/mg specific activity. partially purified sml displayed remarkable stability in 50% and 100% (v/v) hydrophobic organic solvents after incubation for 7 days. the enzyme also retained more than 50% of its resi ...201324050922
an l-glucitol oxidizing dehydrogenase from bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110 for production of d-sorbose with enzymatic or electrochemical cofactor regeneration.a gene in bradyrhizobium japonicum usda 110, annotated as a ribitol dehydrogenase (rdh), had 87 % sequence identity (97 % positives) to the n-terminal 31 amino acids of an l-glucitol dehydrogenase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia dsmz 14322. the 729-bp long rdh gene coded for a protein consisting of 242 amino acids with a molecular mass of 26.1 kda. the heterologously expressed protein not only exhibited the main enantio selective activity with d-glucitol oxidation to d-fructose but also conver ...201424061413
[drug resistance of imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli in coal worker's pneumoconiosis chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with lower respiratory tract infection].to investigate the drug resistance of imipenem-resistant (ir) gram-negative bacilli (gnb) in coal workers' pneumoconiosis (cwp)-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) patients with lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) and to provide a basis for clinical treatment.201324064132
copper enhanced monooxygenase activity and ft-ir spectroscopic characterisation of biotransformation products in trichloroethylene degrading bacterium: stenotrophomonas maltophilia pm102.stenotrophomonas maltophilia pm102 (ncbi genbank acc. no. jq797560) is capable of growth on trichloroethylene as the sole carbon source. in this paper, we report the purification and characterisation of oxygenase present in the pm102 isolate. enzyme activity was found to be induced 10.3-fold in presence of 0.7 mm copper with a further increment to 14.96-fold in presence of 0.05 mm nadh. optimum temperature for oxygenase activity was recorded at 36°c. the reported enzyme was found to have enhance ...201324083236
meningitis due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia after a neurosurgical procedure.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic, glucose non- fermentative, gram negative bacillus, which is being increasingly recognized as a cause of serious infections such as bacteraemia, urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, endocarditis, meningitis and ocular infections in hospitalized patients. the treatment of invasive s. maltophilia infections is difficult, as this pathogen shows high levels of intrinsic or acquired resistance to different ...201324086879
whole-genome sequences of five oyster-associated bacteria show potential for crude oil hydrocarbon degradation.draft genome sequences of oyster-associated pseudomonas stutzeri strain mf28, p. alcaligenes strain ot69, p. aeruginosa strain wc55, stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain mf89, and microbacterium maritypicum strain mf109 are reported. genome-wide surveys of these isolates suggest that the oyster microbiome, which remains largely understudied, has a strong potential to degrade crude oil.201324092793
isolation and characterization of phenol utilizing bacteria from industrial effluent-contaminated soil and kinetic evaluation of their biodegradation potential.microbial degradation of phenol by pure bacterial species is a well-known approach towards alleviation of environmental pollution. in this study, five phenol-degrading bacterial species designated as cups-1 to cups-5 were isolated from the oil-effluent dumped sites of haldia industrial area of west bengal, india. detailed morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization identified cups-3 as a novel strain- stenotrophomonas maltophilia (gu358076), while the others could be identified as ...201424117085
can levofloxacin be a useful alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treating stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia?a retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of levofloxacin in the treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia. the 30-day mortality rates were similar between the trimerthoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) and levofloxacin treatment groups. adverse events related to antibiotics occurred more frequently in patients receiving tmp-smx, and recurrent bacteremia due to levofloxacin-resistant s. maltophilia strains developed in patients treated with levofloxacin. our data sugg ...201424126583
monotherapy with fluoroquinolone or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections.the treatment of choice for stenotrophomonas maltophilia is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (sxt). fluoroquinolones (fqs) have in vitro activity against s. maltophilia; however, there is limited published information on their effectiveness. the purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of fqs and sxt for the treatment of s. maltophilia. a retrospective review of 98 patients with s. maltophilia infections who received sxt or fq monotherapy was conducted. patients ≥18 years old with a po ...201424145530
outbreak of stenotrophomonas maltophilia on an intensive care unit.stenotrophomonas maltophilia causes opportunistic infections and remains a problem pathogen on intensive care unit (icu) due to its multidrug resistance.201324148363
diversity and antimicrobial properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of olive trees and desert truffles of tunisia.a total of 119 lactic acid bacteria (lab) were isolated, by culture-dependant method, from rhizosphere samples of olive trees and desert truffles and evaluated for different biotechnological properties. using the variability of the intergenic spacer 16s-23s and 16s rrna gene sequences, the isolates were identified as the genera lactococcus, pediococcus, lactobacillus, weissella, and enterococcus. all the strains showed proteolytic activity with variable rates 42% were eps producers, while only 1 ...201324151598
prevention of biofilm colonization by gram-negative bacteria on minocycline-rifampin-impregnated catheters sequentially coated with chlorhexidine.resistant gram-negative bacteria are increasing central-line-associated bloodstream infection threats. to better combat this, chlorhexidine (chx) was added to minocycline-rifampin (m/r) catheters. the in vitro antimicrobial activity of chx-m/r catheters against multidrug resistant, gram-negative acinetobacter baumannii, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia was tested. m/r and chx-silver sulfadiazine (chx/ss) cathe ...201424165191
combination therapy for gram-negative bacteria: what is the evidence?the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria is challenging given the limited options for effective therapy. combination therapy has garnered great interest recently, with the goals of ensuring appropriate therapy with at least one active agent, and achieving synergistic activity among the anti-microbials used. in this review, we evaluate the data supporting the use of combination therapy against pseudomonas aeruginosa, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, ...201324168069
an analog of the host-defense peptide hymenochirin-1b with potent broad-spectrum activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and immunomodulatory properties.hymenochirin-1b (iklspetkdn(10)lkkvlkgaik(20)gaiavakmv.nh2) is a cationic, amphipathic, α-helical, host-defense peptide, first isolated from skin secretions of the congo clawed frog hymenochirus boettgeri (pipidae). structure-activity relationships were investigated by synthesizing analogs in which the pro(5), glu(6) and asp(9) on the hydrophilic face of the α-helix are substituted by one or more l-lysine or d-lysine residues. although replacement with l-lysine generates analogs with increased a ...201324172540
n-alkane dissimilation by rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides transferred oct plasmid.the oct plasmid from pseudomonas maltophilia n246-1 was transferred to rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides m1 with very low frequency (1.4-1.9 × 10(-5) per recipient cell at ph 7-8 for a 3-hour reaction time). p. maltophilia n246-1 was able to utilize c8-c14 of n-alkanes, whereas r. gas-liquid chromatography determined that the broad range of carbon numbers of n-alkanes in crude oil was remarkably degraded by the transconjugant, r. sphaeroides m1-c1, compared with donor strain n246-1. the fact that don ...199324190091
distribution of alginate genes in bacterial isolates from corroded metal surfaces.the distribution of alginate genes encoding biosynthesis of alginate was examined for bacterial isolates associated with corrosive biofilms recovered from source water, cooling lines, and reactor surfaces of a nuclear power plant. a total of 120 diverse gram-positive and -negative isolates were obtained. using dna:dna hybridization, 11 isolates were shown to contain sequences homologous to structural (algd, algg, alg-76) and/or regulatory (albb) alginate biosynthetic genes derived from an algina ...199424190336
[risk factors and clinical charasteristics of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteremia: a comparison with bacteremia due to other glucose-non fermenters].stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sm) is an important nosocomial pathogen. due to its intrinsic resistance to various therapeutic drugs, the optimal antimicrobial therapy is often delayed. from january 2005 to september 2012, we retrospectively compared drug susceptibilities, clinical backgrounds, and outcome of sm bacteremic patients (sm group) with these of other non fermentative gram negative bacilli bacteremic patients (non-sm group), at a tertiary-care hospital in kyoto, japan. among the sm gro ...201324195169
composition of the microflora of witloof chicory seeds.the bacterial microflora of nine varieties of witloof chicory (cichorium intybus l. var.foliosum hegi) seeds was studied. the 184 isolates were characterized by protein profiles determined by sds-protein polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the total cell proteins. isolates with identical protein profiles were grouped into one fingerprint type. sixty-seven fingerprint types were distinguished. two quantitatively major fingerprint types,erwinia herbicola and an arthrobacter, represented 52% of t ...198824201719
smqnr variants in clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia in brazil.stenotrophomonas maltophilia contains a novel chromosomally-encoded qnr gene named smqnr that contributes to low intrinsic resistance to quinolone. we described smqnr in 13 clinical isolates of s. maltophilia from two brazilian hospitals, over a 2-year period. the strains were identified by api 20 ne (biomérieux, france). susceptibility by microdilution method to trimetroprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, minocycline, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and ticarcillin/clavulanate was ...201524213195
growth and disinfestation of 6 different bacteria in embryogenic suspension cultures of cotton.growth of 6 different common laboratory bacteria (escherichia coli, flavobacterium balustrum, xanthomonas maltophilia, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas fluorescens, and agrobacterium tumefaciens) in a bacterial medium, fresh plant medium, and "spent" plant media was initially measured. in all cases, bacteria grew best in the bacterial medium followed by the fresh plant medium. the spent plant medium did not support growth of the bacteria and apparently was actively toxic to bacterial cells. pro ...199124221727
risk factors for levofloxacin resistance in stenotrophomonas maltophilia from respiratory tract in a regional hospital.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a bacterial pathogen associated with health-care associated infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. members of the fluoroquinolone drug class are frequently used to treat s. maltophilia infection; however, s. maltophilia resistance to fluoroquinolones, especially levofloxacin, has been increasing.201524239064
mutations of an nad(p)h-dependent flavoprotein monooxygenase that influence cofactor promiscuity and enantioselectivity.the flavoprotein monooxygenase (fpmo) from stenotrophomonas maltophilia (smfmo, uniprot: b2flr2) catalyses the asymmetric oxidation of thioethers and is unusual amongst fpmos in its ability to use the non-phosphorylated cofactor nadh, as well as nadph, for the reduction of the fad coenzyme. in order to explore the basis for cofactor promiscuity, structure-guided mutation of two residues in the cofactor binding site, gln193 and his194, in smfmo were performed in an attempt to imitate the cofactor ...201324251114
comparative in vitro activity of sulfametrole/trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and other agents against multiresistant gram-negative bacteria.sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim is standard therapy for infections caused by opportunist non-fermenters except pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter. sulfametrol(e)/trimethoprim is an alternative to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim available in some eu countries, with possible pharmacological advantages. we compared their activities against (i) non-fermenters, (ii) multiresistant enterobacteriaceae and (iii) reference strains with sul1 and sul2.201424257317
a polysaccharide lyase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia with a unique, ph-regulated substrate specificity.polysaccharide lyases (pls) catalyze the depolymerization of anionic polysaccharides via a β-elimination mechanism. pls also play important roles in microbial pathogenesis, participating in bacterial invasion and toxin spread into the host tissue via degradation of the host extracellular matrix, or in microbial biofilm formation often associated with enhanced drug resistance. stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative bacterium that is among the emerging multidrug-resistant organisms associ ...201324257754
emergence of unusual nonfermenting gram-negative nosocomial pathogens in a saudi hospital.this study aimed to determine the frequency of isolation and prevalence of drug resistance in nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (nfgnb) other than pseudomonas aeruginosa and predisposing factors for the acquisition of nosocomial infections caused by these emerging pathogens in a saudi tertiary care hospital. a total of 125 nonduplicating nfgnb nosocomial strains were isolated, of these, 68 (54.4%) were acinetobacter baumannii, 26 (20.8%) stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 14 (11.2%) alcaligenes fae ...201324270139
non-cephalosporin-susceptible, glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli meningitis in post-neurosurgical adults: clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcome.the clinical and laboratory characteristics of non-cephalosporin-susceptible (non-cs) glucose non-fermentative gram-negative (g(-)) infections in adults with postneurosurgical meningitis are rarely examined solely in the literature.201424287342
the influence of bioaugmentation and biosurfactant addition on bioremediation efficiency of diesel-oil contaminated soil: feasibility during field studies.the study focused on assessing the influence of bioaugmentation and addition of rhamnolipids on diesel oil biodegradation efficiency during field studies. initial laboratory studies (measurement of emitted co2 and dehydrogenase activity) were carried out in order to select the consortium for bioaugmentation as well as to evaluate the most appropriate concentration of rhamnolipids. the selected consortium consisted of following bacterial taxa: aeromonas hydrophila, alcaligenes xylosoxidans, gordo ...201424291585
a review of 11 years of stenotrophomonas maltophilia blood isolates at a tertiary care institute in canada.stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as a significant nosocomial pathogen with increasing resistance to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (tmp/smx), the current drug of choice for treatment.201224294268
microbe associated molecular patterns from rhizosphere bacteria trigger germination and papaver somniferum metabolism under greenhouse conditions.ten pgpr from different backgrounds were assayed on papaver somniferum var. madrigal to evaluate their potential as biotic elicitors to increase alkaloid content under the rationale that some microbe associated molecular patterns (mamps) are able to trigger plant metabolism. first, the 10 strains and their culture media at two different concentrations were tested for their ability to trigger seed germination. then, the best three strains were tested for their ability to increase seedling growth ...201424296249
new strategies against stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a serious worldwide intrinsically drug-resistant opportunistic pathogen.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a worldwide human opportunistic pathogen associated with serious infections in humans, and is most often recovered from respiratory tract infections. in addition to its intrinsic drug resistance, this organism may acquire resistance via multiple molecular mechanisms. new antimicrobial strategies are needed to combat s. maltophilia infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients, cystic fibrosis patients with polymicrobial infections of the lung, and in pati ...201424308713
genomic characterization and integrative properties of phisma6 and phisma7, two novel filamentous bacteriophages of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.two novel filamentous phages, phisma6 and phisma7, were isolated from stenotrophomonas maltophilia environmental strain khak84. we identified and annotated 11 potential open reading frames in each phage. while the overall layout of the functional gene groups of both phages was similar to that of the known filamentous phages, they differed from them in their molecular structure. the genome of phisma6 is a mosaic that evolved by acquiring genes from at least three different filamentous s. maltophi ...201424327089
additional observations and notes on the natural history of the prairie rattlesnake (crotalus viridis) in colorado.on account of their unique anatomy, physiology, natural history, ecology, and behavior, rattlesnakes make ideal subjects for a variety of different scientific disciplines. the prairie rattlesnake (crotalus viridis) in colorado was selected for investigation of its relationship to colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) with regard to spatial ecology. a total of 31 snakes were anesthetized and had radiotransmitters surgically implanted. in addition, at the time of their captu ...201324331557
contribution of hot spring bacterial consortium in cadmium and lead bioremediation through quadratic programming model.in the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted to isolate microbial strains from taptapani hot spring odisha, india for bioremediation of cadmium and lead. the strains stenotrophomonas maltophilia (ss1), aeromonas veronii (ss2) and bacillus barbaricus (ss3) have shown better adaptation to metal tolerance test, with different concentrations of cadmium and lead and hence have been selected for further studies of metal microbial interaction and optimization. the results o ...201424333714
the use of colistin in critically ill children in a pediatric intensive care unit.colistin is active against most multidrug-resistant, aerobic gram-negative bacteria. because of the reported nephrotoxicity during the first years of use of colistin, there were concerns of its use in pediatrics where there was limited experience the aim of this study is to document the clinical characteristics and outcomes of use of colistin in pediatric patients at a pediatric intensive care unit in turkey.201424346607
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in a neonate. 201324357872
evaluation of early discharge after hospital treatment of neutropenic fever in acute myeloid leukemia (aml).hospital admission for neutropenic fever in patients with aml is a standard practice. however, discharge practices vary once patients become afebrile, with many patients hospitalized until rise in the absolute neutrophil count (anc) to >500 (anc recovery). data to support this practice are sparse. we hypothesized that patients admitted for neutropenic fever, particularly if in complete remission (cr) or about to enter cr following the chemotherapy course associated with neutropenic fever, might ...201324371771
effect of moxifloxacin on survival, lipid peroxidation and inflammation in immunosuppressed rats with soft tissue infection caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia.in order to investigate the effect of moxifloxacin on survival, lipid peroxidation and inflammation in immunosuppressed rats with soft tissue infection caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 144 white male wistar rats were randomized into six groups: groups a and b received saline or moxifloxacin once per day, respectively; groups c and d received saline or moxifloxacin twice per day, respectively, and groups e and f received saline or moxifloxacin three times per day, respectively. blood sampl ...201424372798
smeop-tolcsm efflux pump contributes to the multidrug resistance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.a five-gene cluster, tolcsm-pcm-smero-smeo-smep, of stenotrophomonas maltophilia was characterized. the presence of smeop and smero-pcm-tolcsm operons was verified by reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. both operons were negatively regulated by the tetr-type transcriptional regulator smero, as demonstrated by quantitative rt-pcr and a promoter-fusion assay. smeo and smep were associated with tolcsm (the tolc protein of s. maltophilia) for the assembly of a resistance-nodulation-cell-division (rnd)-t ...201424395237
correlations between microbiological outcomes and clinical responses in patients with severe pneumonia.in treatment of pneumonia, microorganisms sometimes persist, appear or reappear despite good clinical responses. on the other hand, recent increasing antibiotic resistance emphases the goal of rapid eradication of pathogen in severe infection. this study was planned to evaluate the correlations between microbiological outcomes and clinical responses in severe pneumonia.201324396629
antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of stenotrophomonas maltophilia at a teaching hospital in riyadh, saudi arabia.stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as a significant pathogen in compromised patients, causing infections which are difficult to treat. this study was carried out to comprehend the recent trend of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of s. maltophilia and suggest management guidance for patients in general and in our region in particular.201424397046
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry: rapid identification of bacteria isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.despite extensive research into the diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis (cf) over the past decades, sufferers still have a median life expectancy of less than 37 years. respiratory tract infections have a significant role in increasing the morbidity and mortality of patients with cf via a progressive decline in lung function. rapid identification of organisms recovered from cf sputum is necessary for effective management of respiratory tract infections; however, standard techniques of id ...201324400425
a highly thermostable xylanase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia: purification and partial characterization.seven xylanolytic bacterial strains were isolated from saw-dust dump soil. the bacterial strain x6 was selected on the basis of the highest xylanase activity with no cellulase contamination. it was identified as stenotrophomonas maltophilia by biochemical tests and 16s rrna gene sequencing approach. xylanase production studies by s. maltophilia on different commercial xylans and agro-industrial residues suggested that wheat bran was the best carbon source for xylanase production (26.4 ± 0.6 iu/m ...201324416589
predictors and outcome of low initial forced expiratory volume in 1 second measurement in children with cystic fibrosis.to identify the characteristics of children with cystic fibrosis with low initial forced expiratory volume in 1 second (fev1) % predicted and to investigate their outcome.201424418473
effects of a sulfonylurea herbicide on the soil bacterial community.sulfonylurea herbicides are widely used on a wide range of crops to control weeds. chevalier® onepass herbicide is a sulfonylurea herbicide intensively used on cereal crops in algeria. no information is yet available about the biodegradation of this herbicide or about its effect on the bacterial community of the soil. in this study, we collected an untreated soil sample, and another sample was collected 1 month after treatment with the herbicide. using a high-resolution melting dna technique, we ...201424420563
host-defense peptides with therapeutic potential from skin secretions of frogs from the family pipidae.skin secretions from frogs belonging to the genera xenopus, silurana, hymenochirus, and pseudhymenochirus in the family pipidae are a rich source of host-defense peptides with varying degrees of antimicrobial activities and cytotoxicities to mammalian cells. magainin, peptide glycine-leucine-amide (pgla), caerulein-precursor fragment (cpf), and xenopsin-precursor fragment (xpf) peptides have been isolated from norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from several species of xenopus and silurana ...201424434793
the cystic fibrosis lung microbiome.the chronic colonization of the lower airways by bacterial pathogens is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cf pathogen, followed by staphylococcus aureus. improvements in airway clearance and more effective treatment of the conventional cf pathogens has led to the emergence of new airway pathogens such as stenotrophomonas maltophilia, mycobacterium abscessus, and achromobacter. more recently, it has become ...201424437409
antibactr: dynamic antibacterial-drug-target ranking integrating comparative genomics, structural analysis and experimental annotation.development of novel antibacterial drugs is both an urgent healthcare necessity and a partially neglected field. the last decades have seen a substantial decrease in the discovery of novel antibiotics, which combined with the recent thrive of multi-drug-resistant pathogens have generated a scenario of general concern. the procedures involved in the discovery and development of novel antibiotics are economically challenging, time consuming and lack any warranty of success. furthermore, the return ...201424438389
ventilator-associated pneumonia due to carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli in an intensive care unit without carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae or epidemic acinetobacter baumannii.risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (cr-gnb) have rarely been evaluated in intensive care units (icu) without epidemic carbapenemase-producing acinetobacter baumannii or enterobacteriaceae. we addressed this issue in a cohort of 141 patients (previous antimicrobial exposure, n = 131) with a first episode of vap in a medico-surgical icu. twenty-six vap (18.4%) involved a cr-gnb (pseudomonas aeruginosa, n = 14, stenotrophomona ...201424447250
interplay between intrinsic and acquired resistance to quinolones in stenotrophomonas maltophilia.to analyse whether the mutation-driven resistance-acquisition potential of a given bacterium might be a function of its intrinsic resistome, quinolones were used as selective agents and stenotrophomonas maltophilia was chosen as a bacterial model. s. maltophilia has two elements - smqnr and smedef - that are important in intrinsic resistance to quinolones. using a battery of mutants in which either or both of these elements had been removed, the apparent mutation frequency for quinolone resistan ...201424447641
extracellular enzyme profiling of stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. 201424448556
clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with pleural infections due to stenotrophomonas maltophilia at a medical center in taiwan, 2004-2012.stenotrophomonas maltophilia can cause various clinical diseases; however, pleural infections due to s. maltophilia are rare. we evaluated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with pleural infections (complicated parapneumonic effusion or empyema) due to s. maltophilia who were treated at a medical center in taiwan from 2004 to 2012. during the study period, 40 patients were treated for pleural infections due to s. maltophilia. the incidence of s. maltophilia pleural infections ...201424458500
risk factors for hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria in critically ill patients: a multicenter study in korea.we performed a case-control study to identify risk factors of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (crgnb) as an increasing cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap). the study included critically ill adult patients with hap whose microbial etiology was identified at eight tertiary centers in korea between june 2008 and december 2009. eighty two patients with 86 isolates of crgnb (62 acinetobacter baumannii, 14 pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 10 stenotrophomonas maltophilia) were included in ...201424462178
genomic sequence of temperate phage smp131 of stenotrophomonas maltophilia that has similar prophages in xanthomonads.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous gram-negative bacterium previously named as xanthomonas maltophilia. this organism is an important nosocomial pathogen associated with infections in immunocompromised patients. clinical isolates of s. maltophilia are mostly resistant to multiple antibiotics and treatment of its infections is becoming problematic. several virulent bacteriophages, but not temperate phage, of s. maltophilia have been characterized.201424472137
stent hypersensitivity and infection in sinus cavities.persistent mucosal inflammation, granulation tissue formation, hypersensitivity, and multifactorial infection are newly described complications of retained drug-eluting stents from endoscopic sinus surgery for refractory rhinosinusitis. in an important report published in allergy and rhinology, a 45-year-old male patient suffering from recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery and was found, for the first time, to have steroid-eluting catheters that were i ...201324498522
the impact of respiratory tract infections on the nutritional state of children with cystic fibrosis.cystic fibrosis (cf) is a life-shortening, autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by intestinal malabsorption, impaired growth and lung disease. recurrent pulmonary infections in children with cf are often associated with nutritional deficiencies.201424502062
laboratory culture and maintenance of stenotrophomonas maltophilia.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a ubiquitous soil bacterium that is increasingly recognized as an emerging nosocomial pathogen. this unit includes protocols for the in vitro growth and maintenance of s. maltophilia.201424510848
bacterial resistance control on mineral surfaces of hydroxyapatite and human teeth via surface charge-driven antifouling coatings.this works reports a set of new functionalized polyethyleneimine (pei) polymers, including a neutral pegylated polymer pei-g-pegma, a negatively charged polymer pei-g-sa, and a zwitterionic polymer pei-g-sbma, and their use as antibiofouling coating agent for human teeth protection. polymers were synthesized by michael addition, xps analysis revealed that each polymer could be efficiently coated onto hydroxyapatite, ceramic material used as a model tooth. polymers carrying a negative net charge ...201424513459
virulence genes in clinical and environmental stenotrophomas maltophilia isolates: a genome sequencing and gene expression approach.the rate of nosocomial infections with the opportunistic pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia has remarkably increased in the last decade. to determine s. maltophilia virulence genes, the complete genome sequences of two s. maltophilia isolates were compared. the clinical strain skk35 was proved virulent in an amoeba host-pathogen model, and wastewater strain ra8 was determined as non-virulent in the amoeba model. the genome sequences of three additional s. maltophilia strains, k279a (clinical, ...201424530922
life-threatening hemorrhagic pneumonia caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia in the treatment of hematologic diseases.since the late 1990s, stenotrophomonas maltophilia (s. maltophilia) has become one of the most common nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli that cause opportunistic infection. patients with hematologic diseases are the most risky candidate for s. maltophilia pneumonia or sepsis because of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or immunodeficiency. frequent exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics and prolonged insertion of central venous catheter further enhance the risk of s. maltophilia infection. one o ...201424535696
antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative bacteria in febrile neutropenic patients with cancer: current epidemiology and clinical impact.in the recent years, several studies involving cancer patients have demonstrated a clear trend in the epidemiology of bacterial infections showing a shift in the prevalence from gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria and the extensive emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains among gram-negatives isolated from the blood. the aim of this systematic review was to examine the recent trends in epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance in gram-negatives recovered from neutropenic cancer patients, ...201424573013
in vitro activity of tigecycline against isolates collected from complicated skin and skin structure infections and intra-abdominal infections in africa and middle east countries: test 2007-2012.complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis) and intra-abdominal infections (iais) are problematic due to decreasing therapeutic options available against multidrug-resistant pathogens common among these types of infections. a total of 2245 isolates from african and the middle eastern (afme) countries were collected to determine in vitro activity for tigecycline and comparators during 2007-2012 as part of the tigecycline evaluation surveillance trial program. tigecycline was launched ...201424582580
stenotrophomonas maltophilia virulence and specific variations in trace elements during acute lung infection: implications in cystic fibrosis.metal ions are necessary for the proper functioning of the immune system, and, therefore, they might have a significant influence on the interaction between bacteria and host. ionic dyshomeostasis has been recently observed also in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, whose respiratory tract is frequently colonized by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. for the first time, here we used an inductively mass spectrometry method to perform a spatial and temporal analysis of the pattern of changes in a broad ran ...201424586389
susceptibility of stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains in china to antimicrobial combinations.we aimed to investigate the activity levels of several combinations of antimicrobials against stenotrophomonas maltophilia. in this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility of s. maltophilia clinical isolates was determined, and the synergistic activity of three pairs of antimicrobial combinations was evaluated by the fractional inhibitory concentration index (fici). the antimicrobial susceptibility in vitro against 83 s. maltophilia strains was greater for minocycline (80·7%) than for trimethopr ...201424588423
phenotypic and genetic characterization of carbapenemase and esbls producing gram-negative bacteria (gnb) isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) in tehran hospitals.cystic fibrosis (cf) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in white populations caused by mutation in a gene that encodes cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) protein. since frequent respiratory tract infections are the major problem in patients with cf, obligation to identify the causative bacteria and determining their antibiotic resistance pattern is crucial. the purpose of this project was to detect gram-negative bacteria (gnb) isolated from sputa of cf patients an ...201424596716
crystallization of the n-terminal regulatory domain of the enhancer-binding protein fleq from stenotrophomonas maltophilia.fleq is a master regulator that controls bacterial flagellar gene expression. it is a unique enhancer-binding protein or repressor protein comprising an n-terminal fleq domain, an aaa(+)/atpase σ54-interaction domain and a helix-turn-helix dna-binding domain. flen is a putative atpase with a deviant walker a motif that works together with fleq by binding to the fleq n-terminal domain to fully express pel, psl and cdr operons in the presence of c-di-gmp to enhance biofilm formation. stenotrophomo ...201424598919
cases of active infective endocarditis in a university hospital during a 10-year period.to determine the features of patients with active infective endocarditis, and to identify causative microorganisms in blood and/or valve cultures.201324601198
influence of co-existed benzo[a]pyrene and copper on the cellular characteristics of stenotrophomonas maltophilia during biodegradation and transformation.microbial remediation has been proposed as a promising technique to remove pollutions, however, its application has been hindered by the lack of understanding the mechanisms involved in contaminants conversion and the influence of pollutants on cellular characteristics. to address this problem, biodegradation and transformation of bap-cu(ii) by stenotrophomonas maltophilia, along with interactions of these pollutants with microbial cells through fcm assay were investigated. the results indicated ...201424603491
draft genome sequence of stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain 5ba-i-2, a soil isolate and a member of a phylogenetically basal lineage.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an omnipresent environmental bacterium emerging as an opportunistic human pathogen and exhibiting multidrug resistance. here, we report the draft genome sequence of s. maltophilia strain 5ba-i-2, a soil isolate and a member of a phylogenetically basal lineage.201424604648
evaluation of treatment outcomes for stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia.the goal of this study was to retrospectively collect data about treatment outcomes in patients diagnosed with stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia over a period of 20 years and evaluate these data with respect to the efficacy of treatment options.201424627266
stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a single-center experience.to examine risk factors for stenotrophomonas maltophilia (s. maltophilia) infection during allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct), we retrospectively analyzed 259 patients who underwent allo-hsct. not only s. maltophilia infection but also s. maltophilia colonization was associated with mortality during allo-hsct. among 52 episodes in 39 patients in whom s. maltophilia was detected, documented infection developed in 33 episodes (25 patients). the onset of s. maltophilia i ...201424628242
antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative organisms isolated from patients hospitalised with pneumonia in us and european hospitals: results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, 2009-2012.here we evaluated the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients hospitalised with pneumonia in medical centres in the usa (n=28) and europe and the mediterranean region (emr) (n=25) in 2009-2012. susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution methods. overall, 12851 isolates were collected (6873/5978 in usa/emr). the same top 11 organisms were observed in both geographic regions, but in different rank ...201424630306
first report of digital skin ulcer with stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in an immunocompetent patient.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus that usually causes infection in immunocompromised patients. we present the case of an immunocompetent patient with a distal necrosis of the second and third fingers of the right hand caused by s. maltophilia infection. the patient underwent antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole on the basis of the susceptibility tests and underwent surgical debridement of the necrotic tissues, including of the distal phalanx bone ...201424632983
images in emergency medicine. an unusual swelling at the pacemaker pocket site. pacemaker pocket infection caused by stenotrophomonas maltophilia. 201424655444
life-threatening coagulopathy and hypofibrinogenaemia induced by tigecycline in a patient with advanced liver cirrhosis.bacterial infections because of multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria are spreading worldwide. in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis, healthcare-acquired and hospital-acquired infections are common and are frequently sustained by mdr bacteria. in these settings, tigecycline, a new antibiotic, has been shown to be useful in the treatment of mdr bacteria, and it has been proposed for the treatment of hospital-acquired infections in patients with cirrhosis. nevertheless, poor data exist on the saf ...201424667348
nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli other than pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. causing respiratory tract infections in a tertiary care center.nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli have emerged as important healthcare-associated pathogens. it is important to correctly identify all clinically significant nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli considering the intrinsic multidrug resistance exhibited by these bacteria.201324672175
are community environmental surfaces near hospitals reservoirs for gram-negative nosocomial pathogens?hospital visitors and staff visit neighboring businesses, creating the potential for contamination of surfaces with hospital flora.201424679558
effects of green tea compound epigallocatechin-3-gallate against stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection and biofilm.we investigated the in vitro and in vivo activities of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg), a green tea component, against stenotrophomonas maltophilia (sm) isolates from cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. in vitro effects of egcg and the antibiotic colistin (col) on growth inhibition, survival, and also against young and mature biofilms of s. maltophilia were determined. qualitative and quantitative changes on the biofilms were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm). further, in vivo e ...201424690894
degradation potential of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from crude extract of stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain kb2 immobilized in calcium alginate hydrogels and on glyoxyl agarose.microbial intradiol dioxygenases have been shown to have a great potential for bioremediation; however, their structure is sensitive to various environmental and chemical agents. immobilization techniques allow for the improvement of enzyme properties. this is the first report on use of glyoxyl agarose and calcium alginate as matrixes for the immobilization of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. multipoint attachment of the enzyme to the carrier caused maintenance of its initial activity during the ...201424693536
antibiotic treatment for stenotrophomonas maltophilia in people with cystic fibrosis.stenotrophomonas maltophilia is one of the most common emerging multi-drug resistant organisms found in the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis and its prevalence is increasing. chronic infection with stenotrophomonas maltophilia has recently been shown to be an independent predictor of pulmonary exacerbation requiring hospitalization and antibiotics. however, the role of antibiotic treatment of stenotrophomonas maltophilia infection in people with cystic fibrosis is still unclear.201424696136
nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonia in a community hospital intensive care unit: a retrospective review and analysis.nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) are causes of significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. we analyzed a) the incidence and the outcome of pneumonias caused by different pathogens in the intensive care unit (icu) of a medium-sized twenty-four bed community hospital and b) the incidence of complications of such pneumonias requiring surgical intervention such as thoracotomy and decortication.201424725655
carbazole angular dioxygenation and mineralization by bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated tropical african soil.four bacterial strains isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in lagos, nigeria, displayed extensive degradation abilities on carbazole, an n-heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. physicochemical analyses of the sampling sites (acpp, mwo, nesu) indicate gross pollution of the soils with a high hydrocarbon content (157,067.9 mg/kg) and presence of heavy metals. phylogenetic analysis of the four strains indicated that they were identified as achromobacter sp. strain sl1, pseudomonas sp. strain ...201424728574
malakoplakia of liver: report of two cases.malakoplakia is an unusual chronic inflammatory condition characterized by the presence of michaelis-gutmann bodies. patients with malakoplakia often have an immunodeficiency state. it is believed that malakoplakia results from a defective macrophage response to phagocytosed bacteria. malakoplakia most commonly affects the genitourinary tract. cases confined to the liver are rare, with only five cases described in the literature. we report two cases of malakoplakia of liver; both were incidental ...201424755510
clinical significance of surveillance culture in liver transplant recipients.routine microbiologic surveillance is a method of infection control, but its clinical significance in transplant recipients is not known. we analyzed microbiologic data to evaluate the influence of cultured microorganisms between the point of surveillance and infectious episodes in liver transplant recipients.201424767358
two different rpf clusters distributed among a population of stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains display differential diffusible signal factor production and virulence regulation.the quorum-sensing (qs) system present in the emerging nosocomial pathogen stenotrophomonas maltophilia is based on the signaling molecule diffusible signal factor (dsf). production and detection of dsf are governed by the rpf cluster, which encodes the synthase rpff and the sensor rpfc, among other components. despite a well-studied system, little is known about its implication in virulence regulation in s. maltophilia. here, we have analyzed the rpff gene from 82 s. maltophilia clinical isolat ...201424769700
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