Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| degradation of cellular mrna during influenza virus infection: its possible role in protein synthesis shutoff. | the kinetics of cellular mrna decay in influenza virus-infected cells have been studied by means of blot hybridization using as probes cloned cdnas of alpha- and beta-actin, alpha- and beta-tubulin and vimentin. both cellular mrnas isolated from the cytoplasmic fractions as well as total cell mrnas showed a rapid decay, with up to 50% concentration reductions at infection times at which influenza virus m1 mrna was still not detectable. in contrast, these cellular mrnas were stable in uninfected ... | 1992 | 1545220 |
| structural evidence for induced fit as a mechanism for antibody-antigen recognition. | the three-dimensional structure of a specific antibody (fab 17/9) to a peptide immunogen from influenza virus hemagglutinin [ha1(75-110)] and two independent crystal complexes of this antibody with bound peptide (tyrp100-leup108) have been determined by x-ray crystallographic techniques at 2.0 a, 2.9 a, and 3.1 a resolution, respectively. the nonapeptide antigen assumes a type i beta turn in the antibody combining site and interacts primarily with the fab hypervariable loops l3, h2, and h3. comp ... | 1992 | 1546293 |
| heterogeneity of the mutation rates of influenza a viruses: isolation of mutator mutants. | the rates of mutation to the mar (monoclonal antibody-resistant) genotype of individual influenza virus plaque isolates, obtained from a stock generated after two successive cloning steps, have been determined by the fluctuation test. when a random sample of 60 clones was analyzed, 7 contained a proportion of mar mutants significantly higher than the average, and among them, 2 showed a mutation rate two to three times higher than the average value obtained for the virus population when the hemag ... | 1992 | 1548773 |
| human and mouse mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle. | human mxa and mouse mx1 are interferon-induced proteins capable of inhibiting the multiplication of influenza virus. mxa protein is localized in the cytoplasm, whereas mx1 protein accumulates in the nucleus. taking advantage of stably transfected cell lines that constitutively express either mxa or mx1 protein, we examined the steps at which these proteins block influenza a viruses. in infected cells expressing mxa protein, all viral mrnas synthesized as a result of primary transcription in the ... | 1992 | 1548781 |
| acute severe deterioration in cystic fibrosis associated with influenza a virus infection. | the role of non-bacterial infection in respiratory exacerbations of cystic fibrosis has been studied less than that of bacterial infection. some non-bacterial infections, such as influenza a, may be associated with acute respiratory deterioration and may be preventable. | 1992 | 1549818 |
| evolutionary pattern of the h 3 haemagglutinin of equine influenza viruses: multiple evolutionary lineages and frozen replication. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the haemagglutinin genes coding for the ha 1 domain of h3n8 equine influenza viruses isolated over wide regions of the world were analyzed in detail to determine their evolutionary relationships. we have constructed a phylogenetic model tree by the neighbour-joining method using nucleotide sequences of 15 haemagglutinin genes, including those of five viruses determined in the present study. this gene tree revealed the existence of two major evol ... | 1992 | 1550498 |
| use of single-gene reassortant viruses to study the role of avian influenza a virus genes in attenuation of wild-type human influenza a virus for squirrel monkeys and adult human volunteers. | the transfer of six internal rna segments from the avian influenza a/mallard/new york/6750/78 (h2n2) virus reproducibly attenuates human influenza a viruses for squirrel monkeys and adult humans. to identify the avian influenza a virus genes that specify the attenuation and host range restriction of avian-human (ah) influenza a reassortant viruses (referred to as ah reassortants), we isolated six single-gene reassortant viruses (sgrs), each having a single internal rna segment of the influenza a ... | 1992 | 1551982 |
| immunization of infants and young children with live attenuated trivalent cold-recombinant influenza a h1n1, h3n2, and b vaccine. | seventeen triply seronegative infants and young children, and 15 infants and young children seropositive to all three influenza virus strains were vaccinated intranasally with 10(5) tcid50 of each of three (h1n1, h3n2, and b) live attenuated, cold-adapted influenza vaccine strains. seventeen controls were given placebo. vaccination with trivalent influenza vaccine was not associated with adverse reactions in triply seronegative or seropositive children. overall, 12 (71%), 13 (76%), and 13 (76%) ... | 1992 | 1552202 |
| transgenic mice lacking class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted t cells have delayed viral clearance and increased mortality after influenza virus challenge. | to investigate the role of cd8+ t lymphocytes in recovery from influenza pneumonia, we used transgenic mice either homozygous (-/-) or heterozygous (+/-) for beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) gene disruption. these mice lack major histocompatibility complex-restricted class i (cd8+) t cells. we found that after challenge with a nonlethal influenza virus, the beta 2-m (-/-) mice had significantly delayed pulmonary viral clearance. furthermore, after challenge with a more virulent influenza virus, t ... | 1992 | 1552285 |
| microbial etiology of acute pneumonia in hospitalized patients. | the purpose of this study was to determine the microbial etiology of pneumonia by using strict criteria among a group of hospitalized patients. patients with acute community-acquired or hospital-acquired pneumonia were studied in a systematic and comprehensive manner for bacterial, viral, chlamydial, mycobacterial, and fungal pathogens. a total of 198 patients with 204 episodes of pneumonia were evaluated. despite 100 percent follow-up of all surviving patients, a specific etiologic agent could ... | 1992 | 1555415 |
| [virologico-serologic studies in horses with respiratory tract diseases]. | of 1081 acute and chronically respiratory diseased as well as clinically normal horses 824 sera and 257 paired serum samples collected 1986 and 1987 were tested for antibodies against several different respiratory viruses such as influenza virus a/equi 1 and 2 (influenza 1 a. 2), equine herpesvirus type 1/4 (ehv 1/4), mammalian reovirus type 1-3 (reovirus 1-3), equine rhinovirus type 1 (erv 1), equine adenovirus type 1 (eadv 1), and equine arteritis virus (eav). the investigations resulted in an ... | 1992 | 1558530 |
| human immunodeficiency virus vectors for inducible expression of foreign genes. | tat-dependent expression of an endogenous lethal or deleterious foreign gene might be useful for abrogating the production of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) from cells. this type of hiv-induced cellular killing, as well as other approaches to gene therapy for hiv infection, would be facilitated by simple hiv vectors that express introduced genes in a tat-inducible manner. as part of studies to examine the feasibility of this concept, we constructed hiv-1 vectors that express the hygromycin b ... | 1992 | 1560523 |
| enhancement of the protective effect of inactivated influenza virus vaccine by cytokines. | the authors examined whether or not cytokines in conjunction with inactivated influenza virus vaccine enhance protection from influenza virus infection in mice. mice were infected with influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (pr/8) at 10 ld50 by nebulizer after intranasal administration of the cytokine and the vaccine. the survival rate of the group which received both the vaccine and mouse recombinant interferon-beta (muifn-beta; 1 x 10(4) iu/mouse) or mouse recombinant interferon-gamma (muifn-gamma; 1 x 10( ... | 1992 | 1561830 |
| infection enhancement of influenza a nws virus in primary murine macrophages by anti-hemagglutinin monoclonal antibody. | antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) of influenza a nws virus infection was investigated in primary murine macrophages (m phi) using anti-hemagglutinin(ha) monoclonal antibody (mab). contrary to previous reports of abortive influenza virus infection in primary m phi, this study demonstrated that the nws virus replicated productively in both resident peritoneal m phi and thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal m phi providing cleavage of the ha was achieved by trypsin; 5 micrograms/ml of trypsin was th ... | 1992 | 1564451 |
| [infectious agents associated with exacerbations of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies and asthma attacks]. | infections of the respiratory airways are frequently responsible for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and attacks of asthma. however, the causal infectious agents in practice are rarely precisely identified. we have undertaken a prospective study with the aim of researching into the bacteria and viruses associated with these exacerbations. forty-seven patients who were in hospital between 1987 and 1989 for attacks of asthma (13 episodes) or exacerbations of copd (35 ... | 1992 | 1565831 |
| evolution of influenza a(h1n1) viruses during a period of low antigenic drift in 1986-91: sequence of the ha1 domain of influenza a/finland/158/91. | this study used the nucleotide sequence coding for the ha1 domain of virus haemagglutinin to show that influenza a/finland/158/91, which represents the h1n1 subtype viruses prevalent in finland in 1990/91, was a direct descendant of a virus (a/nn/1605/88) isolated during the 1988/89 epidemic season in japan. the elevated rate of 7.4 x 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year is discussed. the new branch of h1n1 subtype viruses is characterized by loss of a glycosylation site, which may ... | 1992 | 1565849 |
| evidence that the amantadine-induced, m2-mediated conversion of influenza a virus hemagglutinin to the low ph conformation occurs in an acidic trans golgi compartment. | amantadine treatment of cells infected with h7 strains of influenza a viruses causes an m2 protein-mediated conversion of hemagglutinin (ha) from its native to its low ph conformation. immunofluorescence and electron microscopic observations showed that the structural alteration and hence drug action occur shortly after ha exits from the golgi complex during its passage through the strans golgi region. using the damp/anti-dnp ph probe it is evident that virus infection causes increased acidity o ... | 1992 | 1566569 |
| hemagglutinin activation of pathogenic avian influenza viruses of serotype h7 requires the protease recognition motif r-x-k/r-r. | the hemagglutinin of influenza virus a/fpv/rostock/34 (h7) was altered at its multibasic cleavage site by site-directed mutagenesis and assayed for proteolytic activation after expression in cv-1 cells. the results indicated that the cellular protease responsible for activation recognizes the tetrapeptide motif r-x-k/r-r that must be presented in the correct sequence position. studies on plaque variants of influenza virus a/fowl/victoria/75 (h7n7) showed that alteration of the consensus sequence ... | 1992 | 1566583 |
| a single point mutation of the influenza c virus glycoprotein (hef) changes the viral receptor-binding activity. | from strain jhb/1/66 of influenza c virus a mutant was derived with a change in the cell tropism. the mutant was able to grow in a subline of madin-darby canine kidney cells (mdck ii) which is resistant to infection by the parent virus due to a lack of receptors. inactivation of cellular receptors by either neuraminidase or acetylesterase and generation of receptors by resialylation of cells with n-acetyl-9-o-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5,9ac2) indicated that 9-o-acetylated sialic acid is a recept ... | 1992 | 1566586 |
| sequence analysis of the equine h7 influenza virus haemagglutinin gene. | the nucleotide sequences of ten haemagglutinin genes of representative h7n7 equine influenza viruses isolated between 1956 and 1977 have been determined by primer extension sequencing. their nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences demonstrate a high degree of homology. these equine viruses can be divided into two distinct subgroups, the prototype-like, and a group comprising the early american isolates and the remaining equine viruses. the equine h7 haemagglutinins form a quite distinct grou ... | 1992 | 1566601 |
| influenza viruses in birds of the atlantic flyway. | isolation of type a influenza viruses from the feces of 5013 birds of 16 species was attempted during a 33-month study (1977-79). seventy viruses were isolated from the feces of 3403 ring-billed gulls in baltimore, md., during 16 months of sampling. six hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes and seven neuraminidase (na) subtypes in 15 combinations were found. the h13n6 virus was the only subtype found each year and accounted for 40% of the isolates. the rate of isolation from gulls was 0.26% in the cold mo ... | 1992 | 1567297 |
| influenza in commercial broiler breeders. | influenza was detected in a flock of broiler breeders during routine serological monitoring. although there were no clinical signs, egg production may have been affected in hens on one story of a two-story breeder house. intensive measures were taken to avoid transmission to other farms. two months after the flock was found to be serologically positive, sentinel hens were placed in the flock, and they became serologically positive 1 month later. in spite of this evidence for virus being present ... | 1992 | 1567304 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 1992-1993 season. | 1992 | 1567753 | |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, and composition of the 1992-93 influenza vaccine. | during the 11 influenza seasons from 1977 through 1988, more than 10,000 excess deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (p&i) were reported during each of seven seasons, and approximately 45,000 deaths were reported during each of two seasons (cdc, unpublished data, 1992). the most important strategy for preventing influenza-associated morbidity and mortality is vaccination of persons in high-risk groups with vaccine closely matched to circulating strains. in collaboration with state and lo ... | 1992 | 1569915 |
| diagnosis and management of parotitis. | of all the salivary glands, the parotid gland is most commonly affected by an inflammatory process. infections of the parotid gland range from acute to severe. assessment of the disease process should differentiate local primary parotid infection from systemic infection when this gland is also involved as part of a generalized inflammatory condition. viral parotitis can be caused by paramyxovirus (mumps), epstein-barr virus, coxsackievirus, and influenza a and parainfluenza viruses. acute suppur ... | 1992 | 1571113 |
| direct detection of influenza virus antigen in nasopharyngeal specimens by direct enzyme immunoassay in comparison with quantitating virus shedding. | we developed a direct enzyme immunoassay [eia; enzygnost influenza a(ag) and enzygnost influenza b(ag)] for the direct detection of influenza a and b virus antigens in nasopharyngeal secretion specimens (nps). the test is performed without sonification of specimens, and results are obtained within 4 h. a direct comparison between direct eia and quantitation of virus shedding for influenza a and b virus antigen detection was carried out. a total of 210 nps and 98 nasopharyngeal wash specimens (np ... | 1992 | 1572972 |
| comparison of different approaches to measuring influenza a virus-specific hemagglutination inhibition antibodies in the presence of serum inhibitors. | the a/los angeles/2/87 (h3n2) (a/la/2/87) virus is sensitive to inhibitors of hemagglutination present in certain human sera. it was found that the effect of these inhibitors could be removed by treating sera with high-concentration receptor-destroying enzyme or trypsin-periodate or by using inhibitor-resistant viruses in the hemagglutination inhibition (hai) test. inhibitor-resistant viruses were not effective for detecting rises in antibody titers in the sera of volunteers infected with the a/ ... | 1992 | 1572989 |
| interference of maternal antibodies with the immune response of foals after vaccination against equine influenza. | the purpose of the study was twofold. first, using two groups of 22 foals each, we investigated the extent to which maternal antibodies interfere with the humoral response against equine influenza. the foals were born to mares that had been vaccinated twice yearly against influenza since 1982. foals of group i were vaccinated three times at early ages (12, 16, and 32 weeks of age), and foals of group ii were likewise vaccinated but a later ages (24, 28, and 44 weeks of age). after the first and ... | 1992 | 1574831 |
| translational control by influenza virus. selective and cap-dependent translation of viral mrnas in infected cells. | in cells infected by influenza virus type a, host protein synthesis undergoes a rapid and dramatic shutoff. to define the molecular mechanisms underlying this selective translation, a transfection/infection protocol was developed utilizing viral and cellular cdna clones. when cos-1 cells were transfected with cdnas encoding nonviral genes and subsequently infected with influenza virus, protein expression from the exogenous genes was diminished, similar to the endogenous cellular genes. however, ... | 1992 | 1577765 |
| from the centers for disease control. influenza activity--united states and worldwide; composition of the 1992-1993 influenza vaccine. | 1992 | 1578585 | |
| evolution and ecology of influenza a viruses. | in this review we examine the hypothesis that aquatic birds are the primordial source of all influenza viruses in other species and study the ecological features that permit the perpetuation of influenza viruses in aquatic avian species. phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of influenza a virus rna segments coding for the spike proteins (ha, na, and m2) and the internal proteins (pb2, pb1, pa, np, m, and ns) from a wide range of hosts, geographical regions, and influenza a virus subt ... | 1992 | 1579108 |
| [value of fast indirect immunofluorescence diagnosis of respiratory viruses]. | four hundred and three nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospitalized children have been analysed for rsv, influenza a and b, parainfluenza 3, adenovirus, with monofluor kits diagnostics pasteur. one hundred and seventeen positive samples were found, rsv: 69, influenza a: 17, influenza b: 12, parainfluenza 3: 2 and adenovirus: 17. rapid diagnosis of viral diseases allows to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infections, to watch over infants carrying rsv who might develop severe bronchiolitis. thi ... | 1992 | 1580744 |
| oral immunization with polyvalent bacterial lysate and infection with streptococcus pneumoniae: influence on interferon-gamma and pmn elastase concentrations in murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | we recently demonstrated that oral immunization with a polyvalent bacterial lysate (paspat oral) significantly reduces mortality rates in mice, infected with streptococcus pneumoniae or influenza a virus. in this study it is demonstrated that oral immunization with the same bacterial lysate reduces the intrapulmonary inflammatory reaction to infection with s. pneumoniae, assessed by measurement of pmn elastase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. furthermore, it is demonstrated that oral immunizatio ... | 1992 | 1582708 |
| application of directigen flu-a for the detection of influenza a virus in human and nonhuman specimens. | directigen flu-a, a new enzyme immunoassay membrane test, rapidly detects influenza a virus antigen in specimens from patients. nasopharyngeal washes and pharyngeal gargles were used to determine the effectiveness of the assay as applied to different types of routinely collected clinical samples. all specimens had been previously shown to contain influenza a virus by virus isolation in tissue culture. directigen flu-a was 90% sensitive (95% confidence interval, 56 to 99.7%) with nasopharyngeal w ... | 1992 | 1583103 |
| neutralization of influenza virus by low concentrations of hemagglutinin-specific polymeric immunoglobulin a inhibits viral fusion activity, but activation of the ribonucleoprotein is also inhibited. | high concentrations of hemagglutinin-specific neutralizing polymeric monoclonal immunoglobulin a (iga) inhibit attachment of the majority of type a influenza virus virions to cell monolayers and tracheal epithelium (h. p. taylor and n. j. dimmock, j. exp. med. 161:198-209, 1985; m. c. outlaw and n. j. dimmock, j. gen. virol. 71:69-76, 1990). a minority of virions attaches but is not infectious. here, we report that a different mechanism operates when influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) is ... | 1992 | 1583731 |
| synthesis and processing of the influenza virus neuraminidase, a type ii transmembrane glycoprotein. | the influenza virus neuraminidase (na), a type ii transmembrane glycoprotein, is expressed at the surface of infected cells and is a major structural component of the virion. the kinetics of biosynthesis of na, including modification of n-linked sugar chains, association with grp78-bip, oligomerization, and transport to the cell surface, were examined in a/wsn/33 influenza-infected bhk cells. prior to gaining endoglycosidase h (endo h) resistance, na was found to transiently associate with grp78 ... | 1992 | 1585634 |
| an outbreak of influenza a (h3n2) in a well immunized nursing home population. | to describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of influenza a that occurred in a skilled nursing home although over 90 percent of the resident population had previously received influenza vaccine. | 1992 | 1587976 |
| amino acid sequence identity between the ha1 of influenza a (h3n2) viruses grown in mammalian and primary chick kidney cells. | primary isolation of type a influenza (h3n2) virus in mammalian madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells results in a virus with haemagglutinin (ha) identical to that of the virus replicating in the infected individual, whereas similar isolation of virus in the embryonated egg results in the selection of variants with amino acid substitutions in the globular head region of the ha molecule. to determine whether other mammalian and avian host cells routinely used in laboratory isolation of influenza ... | 1992 | 1588320 |
| anti-influenza virus effect of some propolis constituents and their analogues (esters of substituted cinnamic acids). | the antiviral activity of six synthetic substances, esters of substituted cinnamic acids, identical with or analogous to some of the constituents of the et2o fraction of propolis was studied in vitro. one of them, isopentyl ferulate, inhibited significantly the infectious activity of influenza virus a/hong kong (h3n2) in vitro and the production of hemagglutinins in ovo. by the use of diverse experimental patterns, it was found that the maximal inhibition of viral reproduction was observed when ... | 1992 | 1593279 |
| effects of influenza and the common cold on the stroop color-word test. | two experiments examined the effects of experimentally induced upper respiratory viral infections on selective attention. in exp. 1, 61 adults were challenged with a cold-producing virus; analysis showed no effect of infection or illness on performance of the stroop task. in contrast to this the results of exp. 2, involving 27 adults, showed that influenza increased distractibility from irrelevant stimuli. | 1992 | 1594430 |
| emergence and transmission of influenza a viruses resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. | amantadine- and rimantadine-resistant viruses have been recovered from approximately 30% of patients treated for acute h3n2 subtype influenza and less often from their close contacts receiving drug prophylaxis. the limited data suggest that resistant viruses can emerge rapidly during drug therapy, as early as 2-3 days into treatment. these viruses retain their resistance phenotype during multiple passages in the laboratory and appear to be genetically stable in this regard. studies in families a ... | 1992 | 1600749 |
| a cross-species functional interaction between the murine major histocompatibility complex class i alpha 3 domain and human cd8 revealed by peptide-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | the monomorphic cell surface glycoprotein cd8 acts as co-receptor in the recognition of peptide-major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i complexes by cytotoxic lymphocytes (ctl) by binding to the monomorphic alpha 3 domain of the class i molecule. positions 227 and 245 in the class i alpha 3 domain appear to be especially important for this interaction. recent reports suggest there is no interspecies recognition between cd8 and mhc class i. in this study, hybrid genes from human class i hl ... | 1992 | 1601046 |
| mutational analysis of the promoter required for influenza virus virion rna synthesis. | an in vitro rna synthesis system was established in which the influenza virus virion (minus-sense) rna was made from the synthetic plus-sense rna (crna) template by the purified viral polymerase complex. the crna promoter was studied by mutational analysis using the in vitro system, and on the basis of these experiments, the first 11 nucleotides of the 3' noncoding sequence were found to contain the minimum promoter required for virion rna synthesis. the addition of extra nucleotides at the 3' e ... | 1992 | 1602547 |
| two distinct serum mannose-binding lectins function as beta inhibitors of influenza virus: identification of bovine serum beta inhibitor as conglutinin. | normal bovine and mouse sera contain a component, termed beta inhibitor, that inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza a viruses of the h1 and h3 subtypes. we have previously shown these beta inhibitors to be mannose-binding lectins that apparently act by binding to carbohydrate on the viral hemagglutinin, blocking access of the receptor-binding site to receptors on host cells (e. m. anders, c. a. hartley, and d. c. jackson, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 87:4485-4489, 199 ... | 1992 | 1602549 |
| cloning, sequencing and distribution of the salmonella typhimurium lt2 sialidase gene, nanh, provides evidence for interspecies gene transfer. | the salmonella typhimurium lt2 sialidase (neuraminidase, ec 3.2.1.18) structural gene, nanh, has been cloned and sialidase overproduced from multicopy plasmids in escherichia coli. sialidase expression was regulated positively by camp. in contrast, certain tn1000 insertions located upstream of nanh coding sequences reduced sialidase activity. a nanh chromosomal insertion mutation constructed by marker exchange demonstrated a single sialidase gene copy in s. typhimurium lt2. the complete nucleoti ... | 1992 | 1602967 |
| monte carlo docking of oligopeptides to proteins. | a new two-step procedure has been developed for the docking of flexible oligopeptide chains of unknown conformation to static proteins of known structure. in the first step positions and conformations are sampled and the association energy minimized starting from an approximate preselected docking position. the resulting conformations are further optimized in the second step by a metropolis monte carlo minimization, which optimizes each of these structures. the method has been tested on the hiv- ... | 1992 | 1603811 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the ha1 coding portion of the haemagglutinin gene of swine h1n1 influenza viruses. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences coding for the ha1 portion of the haemagglutinin (ha) genes of three swine influenza viruses were determined and compared with published ha sequence data for human h1n1 influenza viruses. sequence differences between the classic swine influenza has sw37 (a/swine/29/37) and nj76 (a/new jersey/11/76) were randomly distributed in the molecule without being confined to antigenic sites. in contrast, sequence differences between the has of sw37 and the a ... | 1992 | 1604929 |
| respiratory tract viruses in otosclerotic lesions. an immunohistochemical study. | a series of viral antigens, including adenovirus, influenza a and b, parainfluenza types 1 and 3, measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial (rsv) and epstein barr (ebv) viruses was studied in a prospective series of stapes specimens from 24 consecutive patients operated on for otosclerosis. the stapes specimens were processed for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. with the exception of one case of positive specific reactivity for anti-rsv antibody in one multinuclear osteoclastic cell, no sp ... | 1992 | 1605002 |
| utilization of pulse oximetry for the study of the inhibitory effects of antiviral agents on influenza virus in mice. | pulmonary disease in mice induced by influenza virus was monitored by measurement of oxygen saturation (sao2) in blood with a pulse oximeter. the sao2 declined in inverse proportion to the viral inoculum. the known antiviral agent ribavirin inhibited the sao2 decline, prevented death, lowered lung consolidation, and reduced the level of recoverable virus. pulse oximetry is an effective means of monitoring murine influenzal disease and can be used in the study of potential antiviral drugs. | 1992 | 1605614 |
| mhc restriction of synovial fluid lymphocyte responses to the triggering organism in reactive arthritis. absence of a class i-restricted response. | synovial fluid mononuclear cells (sfmc) from patients with reactive arthritis (rea) show marked proliferative responses to preparations of the organism triggering the arthritis. initial studies with mhc-specific moabs have indicated that a significant element of these proliferative responses is mediated by class ii mhc-restricted cd4+ t cells. it is imperative to establish the presence or absence of a class i-restricted response, for two reasons. firstly, the association of rea with the mhc clas ... | 1992 | 1606728 |
| species specificity in the interaction of cd8 with the alpha 3 domain of mhc class i molecules. | the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the class i mhc molecule constitute the putative binding site for processed peptides and the tcr, although the alpha 3 domain has been implicated as a binding site for the cd8 molecule. species specificity in the binding of cd8 to the alpha 3 domain has been suggested as an explanation for the low xenogeneic t cell response to class i molecules, but results on this point have been conflicting and controversial. we have addressed this issue using ctl lines from ... | 1992 | 1607650 |
| presentation of three different viral peptides, htlv-1 tax, hcmv gb, and influenza virus m1, is determined by common structural features of the hla-a2.1 molecule. | to determine whether similar or dissimilar molecular features of class i molecules are involved in the presentation of structurally distinct peptides, we have investigated the influence of different pockets of the hla-a2.1 molecule on the presentation of three different viral peptides. htlv-i tax peptide 12-19, hcmv gb 619-628, and influenza m1 58-66 are minimal peptides that induce hla-a2.1-restricted noncross-reactive ctl. a detailed analysis of the structural features of hla-a2.1 that are inv ... | 1992 | 1607654 |
| transcription of a recombinant influenza virus rna in cells that can express the influenza virus rna polymerase and nucleoprotein genes. | a new transfection system for influenza virus was developed using the clone 76 cell line, in which the viral rna polymerase and nucleoprotein (np) genes can be expressed in response to dexamethasone. ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes were reconstituted by expressing proteins from a chimeric ns-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) rna consisting of the full-length negative-strand rna of the cat gene positioned between the 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences of influenza virus rna segment 8, and puri ... | 1992 | 1607855 |
| origin and evolutionary characteristics of antigenic reassortant influenza a (h1n2) viruses isolated from man in china. | during the 1988/1989 influenza season, five antigenic reassortant influenza a (h1n2) viruses not previously isolated from man were isolated in hebei province, people's republic of china. all isolates contained haemagglutinins (has) and neuraminidases (nas) which were antigenically similar to those of the recent russian (h1n1) and hong kong influenza a (h3n2) viruses, respectively. the results of antigenic and nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the genes encoding the polymerase, nucleopro ... | 1992 | 1607856 |
| influenza virus pyrogenicity: central role of structural orientation of virion components and involvement of viral lipid and glycoproteins. | ultraviolet light-inactivated, non-infectious influenza virus is pyrogenic; virion components are probably responsible for this pyrogenicity. to try to identify the pyrogenic component, influenza virions were disrupted with either bromelain or sodium deoxycholate (doc). treatment of infectious virions with bromelain, under conditions that removed the surface glycoproteins (spikes), destroyed their pyrogenicity. the supernatant, containing non-aggregated and modified glycoproteins, was also non-p ... | 1992 | 1607857 |
| [anti-infectious immunity and bacteriuria in patients with the nephrotic syndrome]. | the study was made of antiviral antibodies to respiratory viruses, mycoplasma, o-streptolysin, of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of bacteriuria in 52 patients with nephrotic syndrome (ns) due to glomerulonephritis against 18 ns control subjects without glomerulonephritis. significant differences between the groups appeared in the titers of antibodies to coxsackie and influenza a viruses. o-streptolysin. persistence of viral latent infection in ns is suggested as well as a trigger r ... | 1992 | 1608190 |
| [rational means of the determination of costs and etiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia]. | the cost and effectiveness of examinations (sputum staining and culturing, antitest determination for influenza a and b, rsv, adenovirus, chlamydia psittaci and pneumoniae, coxiella burnetii, mycoplasma pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila, and determination for streptococcus pneumoniae antigen) performed to explore the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the case of 258 hospitalised patients were analysed. the aetiology could be determined in 44.2% of the cases. on the basis of prevai ... | 1992 | 1608606 |
| etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in a rural community in the gambia. | approximately 500 children younger than 5 years old resident in 7 villages in a rural area of the gambia were monitored closely for 1 year for episodes of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri). each episode was investigated with antigen detection techniques and antibody assays as well as culture for bacteria and viruses. a pathogen was identified in 76 (34.2%) of 222 cases with clinical signs of alri and in 34 (42%) of the 81 cases who, in addition, had radiologic evidence of alri. evid ... | 1992 | 1608684 |
| pandemic influenza: a zoonosis? | in the last two decades, influenza a viruses have been found to occur throughout the animal kingdom, mainly in birds, notably aquatic ones, in which infection is largely intestinal, waterborne, and asymptomatic. the domestic duck of southern china, raised in countless numbers all year round mainly as an adjunct to rice farming, is the principal host of influenza a viruses. studies based on hong kong h3n2 viruses from southern china suggest that pandemic strains originate from the domestic duck t ... | 1992 | 1609163 |
| unique features of influenza viruses, and their implications. | despite 50 years in intense research, influenza remains unique as the only truly pandemic viral infection of humans. in addition, although vaccines against this disease have been developed and used for the past four decades, they remain less effective than those used against other viral infections. many of the reasons for this are now known, and depend on our understanding of the unique events that occur during virus replication. in particular, our understanding of virus variation following sing ... | 1992 | 1609164 |
| clinical features of influenza. | influenza, an acute, usually self-limited, febrile illness of global importance, appears virtually every year and infects the respiratory tract either sporadically, as a local outbreak, or as a widespread epidemic. the most severe outbreak known, the 1918 to 1919 influenza a pandemic, was responsible for an estimated 20 million deaths globally. in the united states, the influenza pandemics of 1957 and 1968 were associated with an attack rate of up to 50% and an estimated 100,000 deaths. interpan ... | 1992 | 1609165 |
| the diagnosis of influenza. | our ability to establish a specific diagnosis of influenza infections has dramatically improved. clinical signs and symptoms of influenza infection and epidemiological indicators of an influenza outbreak can be verified with a variety of rapid detection methods. viral isolation and an acute change in serology, which characteristically took from 5 to 28 days, are now being supplemented with methods that detect influenza viral antigen directly on clinical specimens and/or influenza virus in tissue ... | 1992 | 1609167 |
| influenza virus vaccine: a need for emphasis. | each year, there are more than 20,000 influenza associated deaths during influenza virus epidemics. there is an increase in hospital admission for patients with pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, croup, and congestive heart failure, and an increase in school and industrial absenteeism. yet only 30% of the high-risk target population receives influenza vaccination annually. health care providers and patients are reluctant to use vaccine despite its generally excelle ... | 1992 | 1609168 |
| antivirals for the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of influenza. | influenza virus infections are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the united states. several antiviral agents, amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin, have been shown to be either therapeutically or prophylactically effective in influenza virus infections. amantadine and rimantadine are effective, via the oral route, in treating and preventing influenza a infections. aerosolized preparations of amantadine and rimantadine have also shown therapeutic efficacy against influenza ... | 1992 | 1609169 |
| recombinant vaccine vector-induced protection of athymic, nude mice from influenza a virus infection. analysis of protective mechanisms. | athymic, nude mice, which normally succumb to virus infection, can resolve infection with recombinant vaccinia virus (rvv) engineered to express il-2. we have demonstrated that interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) produced by natural killer (nk) cells and other immunocytes in response to the virus-encoded interleukin-2 (il-2) is crucial to recovery. here, we extend this work to show that nude mice, when primed intravenously with rvv co-expressing both il-2 and an influenza virus haemagglutinin (ha) gene ... | 1992 | 1615287 |
| immunogenicity of inactivated influenza vaccine in residential homes for elderly people. | one hundred and seventy residents of 11 leicester city council homes for the elderly, with a total of 515 beds, were studied during a 30-week period from september 1988 to march 1989 to determine the use of influenza vaccine, the levels of influenza antibody, the incidence of influenza, and the protection afforded by vaccination. the study group of 133 women and 37 men had a mean age of 85 years and 59% had one or more chronic medical conditions. the immunization rates by home for the 170 sympto ... | 1992 | 1615780 |
| comparison of two reconstituted systems for in vitro transcription and replication of influenza virus. | the transcription and replication of influenza rna can be studied in vitro by the reconstitution of functional ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complex from viral core proteins including the rna polymerase (complex of three p protein subunits) and nucleoprotein (np), and model templates. here, two different core protein preparations, one based on cscl centrifugation (cs enzyme) and the other on micrococcal nuclease treatment of viral cores (mn enzyme), were compared side-by-side. short model rna template ... | 1992 | 1618740 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel trypsin-like protease found in rat bronchiolar epithelial clara cells. a possible activator of the viral fusion glycoprotein. | a novel trypsin-like protease associated with rat bronchiolar epithelial clara cells, named tryptase clara, was purified to homogeneity from rat lung by a series of standard chromatographic procedures. the enzyme has apparent molecular masses of 180 +/- 16 kda on gel filtration and 30 +/- 1.5 kda on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. its isoelectric point is ph 4.75. studies with model peptide substrates showed that the enzyme preferentially reco ... | 1992 | 1618859 |
| assembly of mhc class i molecules in ex vivo carcinoma cells induced by ifn-gamma or by a binding peptide. | it has been reported that the assembly of mhc class i molecules in mutagenized cell lines could be induced by specific binding peptides. we have now demonstrated that the defect in assembly between heavy and light chains of class i molecules naturally occurred in tumor cells of one spontaneous ovarian carcinoma detected by one-dimensional isoelectric focusing of immunoprecipitates with anti-monomorphic class i mab (w6/32) and by immunostaining with free heavy chain and beta 2m-specific mabs. in ... | 1992 | 1623553 |
| mycoplasma felis pleuritis in two show-jumper horses. | mycoplasma felis was identified as the cause of acute pleuritis in 2 show-jumping horses. the pleural exudate was proteinaceous, contained large numbers of neutrophils, and had a markedly increased lactate concentration. m. felis was isolated in pure culture from pleural fluid. rising serum antibody titers to m. felis as well as a precipitous decline in titers to equine influenza virus were demonstrated in both horses. pleural effusion in both horses and a pneumothorax detected in one of the hor ... | 1992 | 1623728 |
| [isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae and antibodies to the agent in patients with acute bronchitis]. | isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae and serologic tests were performed on 85 children and adults patients with acute bronchitis admitted to the kitasato institute hospital from january 1989 to may 1991. c. pneumoniae was isolated from sputa or tonsillar swabs in 11 of 57 (19%) patients examined. of these, 10 patients were tested serologically and 9 (90%) had 16 or higher titer of igg antibody. a total of 68 patients were tested serologically, and 17 (25%) revealed positive; 14 had a fourfold rise ... | 1992 | 1624841 |
| host dependence of naturally occurring temperature-sensitive influenza a viruses and location of their genetic lesions. | naturally occurring temperature-sensitive (ts) strains have been found in large number in human influenza a viruses of all subtypes (j. virol. 41 (1982) 353). further studies have demonstrated that the ts phenotype of these viruses is host-dependent in that they are highly ts in chick embryos and chick embryonic cells, but are ts+ in mdck cells. previous studies have located by complementation tests the ts lesion of two h3n2 viruses (hk/8/68 and ningxia/01/72, also known as xia-ts) on the np gen ... | 1992 | 1626417 |
| regulation of ph by the m2 protein of influenza a viruses. | inhibition of the function of the m2 protein by amantadine can cause a conformational change in the haemagglutinin (ha) of h7 influenza a viruses and the consequent expression of the low ph form of the glycoprotein on the surface of virus-infected cells. immunofluorescence studies showed that this conversion occurs shortly after ha exists from the golgi complex apparently during its transport through the trans golgi network and using the ph probe, damp/anti-dnp, that it is the direct result of r ... | 1992 | 1626420 |
| host range determination and functional mapping of the nucleoprotein and matrix genes of influenza viruses using monoclonal antibodies. | construction and comparison of phylogenetic trees, the standard approach to determining the host-specific lineage of influenza a virus genes is tedious and expensive. in this study, panels of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against the matrix proteins (m1) of a/wsn and a/pr/8/34 and the nucleoprotein (np) of a/wsn were assessed for their value in identifying the hosts of origin of the m1 and np genes in influenza virus isolates and in mapping the proteins' functional domains. using elisa a ... | 1992 | 1626421 |
| influenza a virus np protein expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus is associated with a protein kinase activity and possesses single-stranded rna binding activity. | influenza a virus np protein, the phosphoprotein associated with viral rna in ribonucleoprotein (rnp) complexes, has been expressed at high levels (approximately 100 mg/liter cells) in insect (sf9) cells by a baculovirus recombinant, and was localized almost entirely in the nuclei of these cells. np was purified by immuno-affinity chromatography, and purified np was shown to autophosphorylate and to phosphorylate casein in a camp-independent reaction. furthermore, purified np was able to bind to ... | 1992 | 1626426 |
| cytokine-induced resistance to microbial infections in normal, immunosuppressed and bone marrow transplanted mice. | we studied the efficacy of in vivo and in vitro treatments with il-1, il-2, il-3, and gm-csf in the protection against bacterial (salmonella typhimurium), fungal (candida albicans) and viral (influenza virus a/pr8) infections, of normal, sublethally irradiated and lethally irradiated, bone marrow (bm) reconstituted mice. in parallel, the cytokines were tested for their ability to potentiate hematopoietic activity in vitro and in vivo. we demonstrate that, under the experimental conditions employ ... | 1992 | 1628132 |
| influenza virus hemagglutinin with multibasic cleavage site is activated by furin, a subtilisin-like endoprotease. | many viruses have membrane glycoproteins that are activated at cleavage sites containing multiple arginine and lysine residues by cellular proteases so far not identified. the proteases responsible for cleavage of the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus, a prototype of these glycoproteins, has now been isolated from madin-darby bovine kidney cells. the enzyme has a mol. wt of 85,000, a ph optimum ranging from 6.5 to 7.5, is calcium dependent and recognizes the consensus sequence r-x-k/r-r at the ... | 1992 | 1628614 |
| evidence for a sialosyl cation transition-state complex in the reaction of sialidase from influenza virus. | the enzyme mechanism of sialidase from influenza virus has been investigated by kinetic isotope methods, nmr, and a molecular dynamics simulation of the enzyme-substrate complex. comparison of the reaction rates obtained with the synthetic substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-n-acetyl-alpha-d-neuraminic acid and the [3,3-2h]-substituted substrate revealed beta-deuterium isotope effects for v/km ranging over 1.09-1.15 in the ph range 6.0-9.5, whereas the effects observed for v in this ph range increase ... | 1992 | 1628657 |
| mechanism of attenuation of a chimeric influenza a/b transfectant virus. | the ribonucleoprotein transfection system for influenza virus allowed us to construct an influenza a virus containing a chimeric neuraminidase (na) gene in which the noncoding sequence is derived from the ns gene of influenza b virus (t. muster, e. k. subbarao, m. enami, b. p. murphy, and p. palese, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 88:5177-5181, 1991). this transfectant virus is attenuated in mice and grows to lower titers in tissue culture than wild-type virus. since such a virus has characteristics ... | 1992 | 1629948 |
| the production of equine monoclonal immunoglobulins by horse-mouse heterohybridomas. | studies were carried out to determine the optimum conditions for the production of equine monoclonal antibodies (mabs). lymphocytes from ponies immunised with influenza a equine 2 virus, isolate a/equine/newmarket/79 (h3n8) were fused with mouse myeloma (nso) cells and with horse-mouse heterohybridomas made aminopterin-sensitive by selective growth in 8-azaguanine. although all fusions initially resulted in heterohybridoma colonies that secreted equine immunoglobulin, many of these were unable t ... | 1992 | 1632074 |
| membrane fusion of influenza virus with phosphatidylcholine liposomes containing viral receptors. | ph-dependent membrane fusion of influenza virus with liposomes made of phosphatidylcholine was studied by the spin-labelling method. efficiency of viral fusion with liposomes composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine or dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was considerably lower compared to dioleoyl phosphatidyl choline or egg yolk phosphatidylcholine, suggesting importance of unsaturation of acyl chains of lipid bilayers. reconstitution of specific viral receptors such as glycophorin or sialylpara ... | 1992 | 1632777 |
| rapid diagnosis of influenza a. comparison with elisa immunocapture and culture. | the directigen flu-a is an enzyme immunoassay for detecting in 15 min the influenza a nucleoproteinic antigen directly from specimens after passive adsorption on a cellulose membrane. the test was assessed using 160 frozen (-20 degrees c) specimens collected during the 1988-1989 a/h1n1 influenza epidemic and the 1989-1990 a/h3n2 epidemic. compared to the elisa immunocapture test, the sensitivity of the commercial test was 87.8% and the specificity was 97.6%. when compared to isolation of viruses ... | 1992 | 1634600 |
| cross-protection against influenza virus infection afforded by trivalent inactivated vaccines inoculated intranasally with cholera toxin b subunit. | cross-protection against influenza virus infection was examined in mice, immunized intranasally with a nasal site-restricted volume of inactivated vaccines together with cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) as an adjuvant. the mice were challenged with either a small or a large volume of mouse-adapted virus suspension, each of which gave virgin mice either a predominant upper or lower respiratory tract infection. a single dose of a monovalent influenza a h3n2 virus vaccine with ctb provided complete cr ... | 1992 | 1634780 |
| secretion of fowl plague virus haemagglutinin from insect cells requires elimination of both hydrophobic domains. | in the present study we have investigated the role of the hydrophobic domains of the fowl plague virus (fpv) haemagglutinin (ha) on its intracellular transport and maturation in insect cells. to this end processing of full-length ha (a+) has been compared to that of two truncated forms lacking either the cytoplasmic domain and the transmembrane domain (a-) or lacking the entire ha2 subunit, i.e. the transmembrane domain and the fusion peptide (ha2-). all glycosylation sites present on a- and ha2 ... | 1992 | 1634875 |
| low ph deforms the influenza virus envelope. | influenza virus membrane fusion is induced by low ph, which triggers an irreversible conformational change in the viral haemagglutinin (ha). the result of this change is the extrusion of the ha fusion peptide, after which it may act in the fusion of virus and endosomal membranes. here we describe electron microscopic observations on low ph-treated virus after negative staining or cryo-electron microscopy of virus in the frozen hydrated state. the results indicate a destabilization of the virus m ... | 1992 | 1634881 |
| influenza--united states, 1989-90 and 1990-91 seasons. | during the 1989-90 influenza season, 98% of all influenza viruses isolated in the united states and reported to cdc were influenza a. almost all those that were antigenically characterized were similar to influenza a/shanghai/11/87(h3n2), a component of the 1989-90 influenza vaccine. regional and widespread influenza activity began to be reported in late december 1989, peaked in mid-january 1990, and declined rapidly through early april 1990. most of the outbreaks reported to cdc were among nurs ... | 1992 | 1635548 |
| proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the binding of sialosides to intact influenza virus. | the dissociation constants for binding of sialic acid derivatives to the hemagglutinin on intact influenza virus were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the dissociation constants determined with whole virus are similar to, but slightly higher than, those determined with bha (hemagglutinin released from virus by treatment with the protease bromelain; sauter et al., 1989, biochemistry 28, 8388-8396), indicating that the sialic acid binding site is not significantly al ... | 1992 | 1641979 |
| pcr-amplification of influenza a virus specific sequences. | the possibilities of pcr-technique for rapid influenza virus a diagnostic using universal and m- or ns- gene specific primers were demonstrated. the results of pcr-analyses of specimens from people correlated with virological, serological and immunochemical data and the results of spot-hybridization test. | 1992 | 1642557 |
| the iga and subclass igg responses and protection in mice immunised with influenza antigens administered as iscoms, with fca, alh or as infectious virus. | comparative studies on the local iga, and circulating igg subclass antibody responses of mice to a/sichuan/2/87 (h3n2) influenza virus surface antigens administered with different carrier or delivery systems by the parenteral route, were carried out. the results obtained were compared with the responses observed following live influenza virus infection, and the protection afforded to these animals by these various preparations determined. infection with live virus elicited early and high levels ... | 1992 | 1642561 |
| molecular pathotyping of two avian influenza viruses isolated during the victoria 1976 outbreak. | 1992 | 1642597 | |
| immunoelectron microscopy of influenza a virus neuraminidase glycoprotein topography. | using immunoelectron microscopy, the distribution of influenza a virus neuraminidase (na) glycoproteins was examined, after performing immunoreactions to virions on the grid. with polyclonal antibody, the immunolabels of the glycoproteins were found to be homogeneously distributed, whereas with monoclonal antibody they were found to be distributed in clusters. after destruction of haemagglutinin (ha) but not of na activity with a high concentration of trypsin, the remaining visible spikes were e ... | 1992 | 1645138 |
| serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses in episodes of acute otitis media. | although the findings of epidemiological studies have suggested viral respiratory tract infection (rti) to be crucially involved in the development of acute otitis media (aom), the relationship between aom and viral rti remains unclear. serum samples, obtained in the acute and convalescent phases of 57 aom episodes (in 35 children during the first three years of life) were analysed for igg antibodies against influenza a viruses, influenza b viruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, respiratory syncyt ... | 1991 | 1645761 |
| characterisation of the influenza virus associated protein kinase and its resemblance to casein kinase ii. | the protein kinase activity associated with purified influenza virus has been examined. by use of a radiolabelled photoreactive atp analogue (3'-o-(4-benzoyl) benzoyl adenosine triphosphate) a 47 kd polypeptide has been identified that binds atp. a comparison of the sensitivity of the kinase activity and the 47 kda polypeptide labelling to inhibitors indicate that the 47 kda polypeptide is likely to represent the major protein kinase activity of the virus. the virus associated protein kinase pho ... | 1991 | 1645907 |
| rapid diagnosis of viral respiratory infections. comparison between immunofluorescence on clinical samples and immunofluorescence on centrifuged cell cultures. | we compared the technique of immunofluorescence on clinical samples (ifcs) and immunofluorescence on centrifuged cell cultures (ifcc) for the detection of respiratory viruses, using monoclonal antibodies. four hundred fourty five nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested prospectively for rsv, influenza- (a and b), parainfluenza viruses (1, 2, 3) and adenovirus. ifcs and ifcc detected 94% and 51% of rsv respectively, 78.5% and 82% of influenza viruses, 8.3% and 100% of parainfluenzaviruses and 0 and ... | 1991 | 1645920 |
| cross-protection against influenza a virus infection by passively transferred respiratory tract iga antibodies to different hemagglutinin molecules. | mice that were intranasally immunized with different influenza a virus hemagglutinins (ha), derived from pr8 (h1n1), a/yamagata (h1n1) or a/fukuoka (h3n2) virus, together with cholera toxin b subunit as an adjuvant, were examined for protection against pr8 infection; pr8 ha and a/yamagata ha immunization conferred complete protection, while a/fukuoka ha immunization failed to confer protection. in parallel with protection, pr8 ha-, a/yamagata ha-, and a/fukuoka ha-immunized mice produced a high, ... | 1991 | 1646112 |
| an influenza haemagglutinin-specific igg enhances class i mhc-restricted ctl killing in vitro. | lungs of h-2k mice co-inoculated with type a/wsn influenza virus+detective interfering wsn virus contain haemagglutinin (ha)-specific igg which have three different activities. these have been purified by adsorbtion and elution using different forms of ha. the first igg recognizes ha in a form present on h-2k cells infected with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the wsn ha gene (vaccinia-ha virus), but not on virus particles, and enhances class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-rest ... | 1991 | 1646161 |
| virucidal activity and viral protein modification by myeloperoxidase: a candidate for defense factor of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against influenza virus infection. | influenza virus (ifv) was inactivated by treatment with degranulated fluid (df) or myeloperoxidase (mpo) from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of h2o2. hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities of the virus were also reduced by df treatment. in addition, treatment with df or mpo in the presence of h2o2 resulted in delayed migration of viral proteins in sds-page, indicating extensively modified viral proteins. parallel with this aberrant migration, the radioactivity of each pro ... | 1991 | 1647427 |
| [congenital encephalomyelopathy as a possible slow infection in humans]. | a slow influenzal congenital infection of man (in a child aged 2.5 years) is described for the first time. the infection manifests itself by encephalomyelopathy (retarded psychomotor development, sluggish spinal pareses of the limbs) and resembles werdnig-hoffmann amyotrophy. besides, one can ses neuroendocrine disorders (hypophyseal nanism, hypogonadism ) and the signs of immunodeficiency. the long-term persistence of influenza a virus, its defective form was detected in the blood and csf by me ... | 1991 | 1647619 |
| the effect of total or partial t lymphocyte depletion on susceptibility to influenza virus infection and development of antiviral immunity in lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with immune syngeneic bone marrow grafts. | in a previous study, we showed that lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with bone marrow (bm) enriched with spleen cells obtained from a/pr8/34 influenza virus-immune donors had an improved survival rate compared to the survival seen in recipients of naive bm, immune bm or t cell-depleted bm obtained from immune mice. our purpose was to determine which cell population was responsible for this effect. we therefore compared the resistance to influenza virus of lethally irradiated balb/c mice re ... | 1991 | 1647828 |
| size and frequency characteristics of alpha beta and gamma delta t cells in the spleens of normal and cyclophosphamide-suppressed virus-infected chickens. | the characteristics of avian lymphocytes expressing surface cd8 (ct8) and t cell receptor (tcr) glycoproteins have been monitored by two-color flow microfluorimetry. exposure of 1-month-old birds to a lethal influenza a virus, which is known to be lympholytic, significantly decreased the frequency of both the alpha beta tcr2+ct8+ and gamma delta tcr1+ct8- subsets in spleen. however, all categories of t cells showed evidence of greater mean cell size, indicating that they are responding. inoculat ... | 1991 | 1647883 |