Publications

helper t cell recognition of respiratory syncytial virus in mice.	in this study we aimed to define the protein and viral subtype specificities of helper th cells to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). balb/c mice were primed by infection with rsv, or with vaccinia viruses (vv) containing genes encoding several individual rsv proteins. priming for th cell memory was assayed by stimulating spleen cells in vitro with different rsv isolates and measuring rsv-specific interleukin 2 (il-2) release by t cells into supernatants using an il-2-dependent ctll cell line. s ...	1988	2963089
inhibition of vaccinia virus replication by nicotinamide: evidence for adp-ribosylation of viral proteins.	replication of vaccinia virus (vv) in monolayers of bsc40 cells was inhibited 99.9% in the presence of 60 mm nicotinamide (nic), a competitive inhibitor of adp-ribosylation reactions. dot-blot hybridization analysis of infected cell extracts utilizing a vv dna-specific probe indicated that the drug had only minimal effects on viral dna synthesis. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of newly synthesized vv proteins pulse-labeled at early (2 h) or late (8 h) times post-infection revealed that a ...	1988	2965468
[recombinant vaccinia viruses--the basis of new vaccines].		1988	2965621
thymic selection of h-2-incompatible bone marrow cells in scid mice. differences in t help for induction of b cell igg responses versus cytotoxic t cells.	mice with congenital severe combined immunodeficiency disease (scid) failed to mount either a t cell-independent igm or t cell-dependent igg anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) indiana (ind) response. they did not generate cytotoxic t cells against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) or vaccinia virus, but exhibited nk cell-like activities. when scid mice were given bone marrow from syngeneic balb/c (h-2d) nu/nu mice, all immune responses were expressed at control levels. if scid mice we ...	1988	2971754
establishment of tumor-specific immunotherapy model utilizing vaccinia virus-reactive helper t cell activity.	it was previously demonstrated that preimmunization of mice with live vaccinia virus (vv) and subsequent immunization with vv-infected (modified), syngeneic tumor cells resulted in enhanced induction of tumor-specific immunity through a cellular collaboration between vv-reactive helper t (vv-th) cells and tumor-specific effector cell precursors. on the basis of this augmenting system, a tumor-specific immunotherapy model was established in which a growing tumor regressed. c3h/hen mice were pretr ...	1988	2974424
[tumor-specific immunotherapy model utilizing virus-reactive helper t-cell activities].		1988	2976420
characterization of polyoma virus early proteins expressed from vaccinia virus recombinants.	we previously reported that live recombinant vaccinia viruses (vv) encoding either the large t (lt) or middle t (mt) antigens of polyoma virus (pyv) were able to induce rejection of tumors caused by pyv-transformed cells [lathe et al., nature 326 (1987) 878-880]. here we present evidence that pyv early proteins expressed by the recombinants retain the biochemical characteristics of their authentic counterparts despite the cytopathic effect of vv infection. vv-encoded lt is a nuclear phosphoprote ...	1988	2977356
immune response to vaccinia virus and recombinant virus products in dogs.	a study was undertaken to determine the safety and suitability of vaccinia virus as an eukaryotic expression vector in dogs. clinical signs were not seen in inoculated dogs, with the exception of small nodules at the site of inoculation. vaccinia virus did not spread from dogs that were inoculated by sc (n = 5), intradermal (id; n = 13), or intranasal (n = 3) routes to noninoculated dogs maintained in close contact. replication of vaccinia virus appeared to be restricted in dogs because greater ...	1988	2977718
subunit, recombinant and synthetic hepatitis b vaccines.	the failure to propagate hepatitis b virus in vitro has prevented the development of vaccines from virus grown in cell cultures. alternative approaches including the use of surface antigen purified from plasma, subunit polypeptide vaccines, vaccines produced by recombinant dna technology, expression by a recombinant vaccinia virus and the chemical synthesis of small peptides representing specific regions of surface antigens are reviewed in this article.	1985	2978963
antitumor efficacy of two kinds of tumor vaccine modified with vaccinia virus.	we compared antitumor effectiveness of two types of tumor vaccine modified with vaccinia virus (vv). one type is uv-inactivated vv (uv-vv) -absorbed tumor cell vaccine (uv-vv tcv) produced by tumor cells that had been absorbed in vitro with uv-vv and subsequently x-irradiated with 10(4) rads. the other type is vaccinia oncolysate vaccine (vov) from tumor cells that had been infected in vitro with live vv and subsequently sonicated. c3h/hen mice were inoculated i.p. with uv-vv after whole body x- ...	1988	2979853
natural killer cells vs cytotoxic t cells in the peripheral blood of virus-infected mice.	the cell-mediated immune response of mice against various enveloped rna and dna viruses expressed by immune lymphocytes from the spleen and the peripheral blood (pbl) were compared. pbl from mice of various strains infected with vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) were tested on histocompatible or incompatible target cells infected with the homologous virus. pbl from immune mice showed clear h-2 restriction, but additionally, they expres ...	1985	2981094
a soluble transcription system derived from purified vaccinia virions.	a soluble extract from purified vaccinia virus particles has been developed which displays site-specific initiation of transcription on exogenous dna templates that carry cloned vaccinia virus early gene sequences. bacterial plasmid vectors with segments of a strongly expressed early region of the vaccinia virus genome were active templates, whether in supercoiled or linear, truncated forms. correct initiation, corresponding to that found in vivo, was observed for all early genes tested. the inv ...	1985	2981338
transcriptional mapping of the vaccinia virus dna polymerase gene.	transcriptional analysis of the vaccinia virus dna polymerase gene revealed the presence of overlapping rnas. cloned dna fragments, previously shown to lie within the dna polymerase gene (e. v. jones and b. moss, j. virol. 49:72-77, 1984) hybridized to early rna species of ca. 3,400 and 3,700 nucleotides. nuclease s1 analysis was used to determine the direction of transcription and more precisely map the mrnas. a single 5' end and two major and one minor 3' ends were detected.	1985	2981354
mapping of a vaccinia host range sequence by insertion into the viral thymidine kinase gene.	a vaccinia virus mutant deleted of ca. 18 kilobase pairs at the left-hand end of the genome is unable to multiply on many human cell lines. to determine whether all or some of the deleted sequences were responsible for the host range property, the corresponding region from wild-type dna was cloned in three pieces into a vaccinia transplacement vector containing the thymidine kinase gene on the hindiii j fragment. the next step was to transfer these pieces to the genome of the host range deletion ...	1985	2981355
vaccinia virus recombinants: expression of vsv genes and protective immunization of mice and cattle.	vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) causes a contagious disease of horses, cattle, and pigs. when dna copies of messenger rna's for the g or n proteins of vsv were linked to a vaccinia virus promoter and inserted into the vaccinia genome, the recombinants retained infectivity and synthesized vsv polypeptides. after intradermal vaccination with live recombinant virus expressing the g protein, mice produced vsv-neutralizing antibodies and were protected against lethal encephalitis upon intravenous ch ...	1985	2981435
suppression by cyclosporin a of murine t-cell-mediated immunity against viruses in vivo and in vitro.	the immunosuppressive effect of cyclosporin a on t-cell-mediated antiviral immune responses was examined. when administered intraperitoneally cs-a abrogated anti-vaccinia virus, anti-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), and anti-vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) t-cell responses in a dose-dependent fashion. usually 50-60 mg/kg were efficient in suppressing primary t-cell responses completely. in contrast, 10-20 mg/kg often enhanced t-cell responses significantly when compared with controls. ...	1985	2981641
genetically engineered herpes simplex virus vaccines.		1985	2982176
newer directions in vaccine development and utilization.	the gradually evolving technology for vaccine development from jenner to recombinant genetics has provided both solid accomplishment and possible bases for prophylactic control of essentially all the infectious diseases of humans. the present review gives a prospective view of future vaccines and the new biotechnology as illustrated mainly in the examples of vaccines for control of hepatitis and of herpesvirus infections. although vaccines offer great benefit for human health, their use is restr ...	1985	2982958
recombinants between vaccinia and ectromelia viruses bearing the specific pathogenicity markers of both parents.	nineteen recombinants between vaccinia virus (vv) dna-temperature-sensitive mutants and ectromelia virus (emv) were characterized with respect to their biological properties and genome structure. four of these recombinants acquired the pathogenicity for mice characteristic of emv, while the pathogenicity for rabbits characteristic of vv was not only preserved, but even enhanced. most unexpectedly, these recombinants with 'double pathogenicity', as well as four other recombinants, acquired a stab ...	1985	2983005
an inhibitor of interferon action: ii. biological properties of the ifn-gamma-associated inhibitor of interferon action.	previously an inhibitor of interferon action had been isolated from mitogen stimulated mouse spleen cells. this inhibitor was associated with the ifn-gamma molecule and might possibly represent an altered ifn-gamma molecule which can no longer induce an effective antiviral state. this report further investigates the biological properties of this inhibitor. inhibitor activity is independent of the virus used in the interferon assay. inhibitor activity has also been found to be species specific. m ...	1985	2985715
synthesis and antiviral activity of the carbocyclic analogues of (e)-5-(2-halovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridines and (e)-5-(2-halovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidines.	the carbocyclic analogues of the potent and selective antiherpes agents (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (bvdu), (e)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (ivdu), and (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (bvdc) were synthesized by conventional methods with use of carbocyclic 2'-deoxyuridine as starting material. c-bvdu, c-ivdu, and c-bvdc were equally selective, albeit slightly less potent, in their antiherpes action than bvdu, ivdu, and bvdc. although resistant to degradation by pyrimidine nucle ...	1985	2985782
vaccinia virus recombinant expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d prevents latent herpes in mice.	in humans, herpes simplex virus causes a primary infection and then often a latent ganglionic infection that persists for life. because these latent infections can recur periodically, vaccines are needed that can protect against both primary and latent herpes simplex infections. infectious vaccinia virus recombinants that contain the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein d gene under control of defined early or late vaccinia virus promoters were constructed. tissue culture cells infec ...	1985	2986288
evidence that ifn-alph/beta induces two antiviral states active against different viruses.	ifn-alpha/beta has been suggested to require only one round of mrna and protein synthesis to induce an antiviral state. we have examined the mechanism of induction of the antiviral states shown against three types of viruses: mengovirus (plus strand, sense rna), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv, minus strand rna), and vaccinia virus (dna). mouse l cells were treated with ifn-alpha/beta and cycloheximide and then with actinomycin d on a schedule which allowed only one round of mrna and protein syn ...	1985	2987400
nucleotide sequence of a cluster of early and late genes in a conserved segment of the vaccinia virus genome.	the nucleotide sequence of a 7.6 kb vaccinia dna segment from a genomic region conserved among different orthopox virus has been determined. this segment contains a tight cluster of 12 partly overlapping open reading frames most of which can be correlated with previously identified early and late proteins and mrnas. regulatory signals used by vaccinia virus have been studied. presumptive promoter regions are rich in a, t and carry the consensus sequences tata and aataa spaced at 20-24 base pairs ...	1985	2987815
generation of a dominant 8-mda deletion at the left terminus of vaccinia virus dna.	vaccinia virus mutants were obtained in high frequency from mouse friend erythroleukemia (fel) cells persistently infected with this virus, which contains a large (122-mda) dna. during long-term cell passages viral particles with deletions of the dna are generated in fel cells. these mutants have a major 8-mda deletion starting between 2.2 and 3.2 mda from the left terminus of the viral genome. more than half of the left end terminal repetition is deleted. these mutants have reduced infectivity ...	1985	2987924
antiviral potency of adenosine analogues: correlation with inhibition of s-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase.	for a series of adenosine analogues a close correlation (r = 0.986) was found between their antiviral potency (against vesicular stomatitis virus) and their inhibitory effects (ki/km) on s-adenosylhomocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase; thus, in order of increasing inhibitory potency for both virus replication and adohcy hydrolase activity: (s)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine less than (rs)-3-adenin-9-yl-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (isobutyl ester) less than carbocyclic 3-deazaadenosine less than neplanocin ...	1985	2988550
isolation of cis-acting vaccinia virus dna fragments promoting the expression of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase by recombinant viruses.	recombinant tk- vaccinia viruses containing the pbr322 sequence inserted in either orientation within the coding sequence of the viral thymidine kinase gene were constructed. they were characterized by genomic analysis, hybridization studies, reversion to wild-type virus by in vivo recombination, and rescue from their genomes of plasmids which contained all or parts of the pbr322 sequence. tk- cells were infected with one of these recombinant viruses and then transfected with pools of chimeric p ...	1985	2989553
[development of a numerically additive combined vaccine against tetanus and smallpox].	mandatory vaccination against smallpox was abolished on the account of smallpox-eradication proclaimed by the who and the postvaccinal complications detected after smallpox vaccination. at the same time vaccine banks with the vaccinia virus strain "elstree" were organized. should mass vaccinations with this vaccinia virus strain be carried out in a case of emergency, severe postvaccinal diseases and complications can arise in overaged and immunosuppressed vaccinees after primovaccination. theref ...	1985	2990123
polyamine metabolism and virus replication.		1985	2991036
retrieval of latent herpes simplex virus type 1 genetic information from murine trigeminal ganglia by superinfection with heterotypic virus in vivo.	mice previously latently infected with the f strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) can be successfully colonized with a second virus strain if hsv-2 is introduced at the same peripheral site as hsv-1. on the other hand, hsv-1 strains seemed able mutually to exclude establishment of latency with each other. mice (3 months or 3 years after nasal infection) latently infected with hsv-1 were thus superinfected with hsv-2. the mice were sacrificed 2 days post-infection when hsv-2 replication ...	1985	2991439
variation in the hindiii restriction fragments of dna from the chinese tian tan strain of vaccinia virus.	hindiii fragments d to p of dna from a chinese vaccine strain (tian tan) of vaccinia virus have been molecularly cloned into the plasmid pat153 at the unique hindiii site. the chinese strain dna differs from a non-vaccine american strain (wr) in having an additional hindiii fragment (p). twelve hindiii d clones and 12 hindiii f clones of the chinese strain were analysed by digestion by ecori, bamhi, psti and xhoi. two forms of d (designated a and b) and of f (a and b) were demonstrated. in each ...	1985	2991446
transcriptional and translational analysis of the vaccinia virus late gene l65.	among the products of vaccinia virus genes which are expressed late in infection is a major polypeptide (mr, 65,000) designated l65. pulse-chase analyses indicated that l65 is not subject to posttranslational cleavage as is the core polypeptide p4b which migrates to a similar position in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. a polypeptide of 65,000 molecular weight produced in reticulocyte lysates programmed with viral mrna isolated late in infection was identified as l65 by peptide mappin ...	1985	2991568
intracellular location of rabbit poxvirus nucleic acid within infected cells as determined by in situ hybridization.	the intracellular location of rabbit poxvirus dna within cells during the course of infection has been determined by the hybridization in situ of labeled viral dna probes to uninfected and infected cells under various conditions. extensive control experiments were performed to demonstrate that dna could be detected selectively and accurately within the cell. our results suggest that rabbit poxvirus dna is located only within the cytoplasm during the reproductive cycle, and we found no evidence t ...	1985	2991586
isolation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against two subunits of rabbit poxvirus-associated, dna-directed rna polymerase.	a library of monoclonal antibodies directed against individual proteins of the rabbit poxvirus (rpv) virion within a complex immunogenic mixture has been generated through the use of in vivo and in vitro immunization regimens. the relative efficacies of the two procedures were compared. based on immunoblot analysis, the in vitro immunization regimen led both to a wider variety of monoclonal antibodies to different proteins and to a larger number of antibodies directed against proteins of higher ...	1985	2991589
similarity of vaccinia 28k, v-erb-b and egf receptors.		1985	2991765
recombinant vaccinia virus: immunization against multiple pathogens.	the coding sequences for the hepatitis b virus surface antigen, the herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d, and the influenza virus hemagglutinin were inserted into a single vaccinia virus genome. rabbits inoculated intravenously or intradermally with this polyvalent vaccinia virus recombinant produced antibodies reactive to all three authentic foreign antigens. in addition, the feasibility of multiple rounds of vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus was demonstrated.	1985	2992092
in vitro growth of two related leporipoxviruses in lymphoid cells.	we examined the in vitro growth patterns of two leporipoxviruses, malignant rabbit fibroma virus (mv) and shope fibroma virus (sfv), in lymphoid cells. mv replicates well in normal spleen cells in vitro. at low m.o.i. (0.001), dramatic virus growth occurs in unstimulated cell cultures. this growth is enhanced by addition of the t lymphocyte mitogen, concanavilin a, or the b lymphocyte mitogen, escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. shope fibroma virus does not grow in lymphocytes in culture, with ...	1985	2992155
stimulation of a cell-mediated cytotoxic response to felv-induced t cell lymphomas in the cat.	nonspecific cell-mediated cytotoxicity was examined in the peripheral blood and spleens of normal and vaccinia virus-infected adult domestic cats. natural cytotoxic (nc)-like cells, as measured by lysis of vaccinia- or hsv-infected, adherent cat tongue cells, were found in both the spleen and peripheral blood of normal, nonimmune cats. cytotoxicity was expressed in a 16-hr assay but not in a 4-hr assay. natural killer (nk)-like cells, as measured by lysis of an felv-induced lymphoid tumor cell l ...	1985	2993416
synthesis and biological activity of 5-thiobredinin and certain related 5-substituted imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleosides.	a number of 5-substituted imidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleosides were prepared and tested for their biological activity. treatment of 5-chloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (2) with methanethiol provided 5-(methylthio)-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (3a). similar treatment of 2 with ethanethiol or benzenemethanethiol gave the corresponding 5-ethylthio and 5-benzylthio derivatives 3b and 3c. oxidation of 3a and 3b with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid furnished the corre ...	1985	2993613
gene structures of low-neurovirulent vaccinia virus lc16m0, lc16m8, and their lister original (lo) strains.	vaccinia viruses lc16m0 and lc16m8 are temperature-sensitive and low-neurovirulent variants derived from the lister (elstree) (lo) strain. analyses of genome dnas by digestion with restriction endonucleases and cross-hybridization of the digested fragments revealed that lc16m0 and lc16m8 possess a new xhoi site in addition to the 14 xhoi sites of lo. this new site is located at about 12 x 10(6) daltons from the right terminal end. there was no significant difference in the genome structures betw ...	1985	2993828
recombinant vaccinia viruses as live virus vectors for vaccine antigens: memorandum from a who/usphs/nibsc meeting.	a scientific workshop sponsored by the world health organization, the us public health service, and the national institute for biological standards and control, london, was held in bethesda, md, usa, on 13 and 14 november 1984 to review progress in research relevant to the development of genetically and antigenically modified vaccinia viruses as live vaccines for human and veterinary use. the meeting was followed by an informal consultation convened by who to consider the advantages and disadvan ...	1985	2994898
the balb/c mouse as a model to study orthopoxviruses.		1985	2994954
synthesis and biological activity of certain 6-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted 2'-deoxytubercidins prepared via the stereospecific sodium salt glycosylation procedure.	a number of 6-substituted and 2,6-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosides were prepared by the direct stereospecific sodium salt glycosylation procedure. reaction of the sodium salt of 4-chloro-6-methyl-2-(methylthio)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (6a) or 4,6-dichloro-2-(methylthio)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (6b) with 1-chloro-2-deoxy-3,5-di-o-p-toluoyl-alpha-d-erythro-pentofuranose (9) provided the corresponding n7 2'-deoxy-beta-d-ribofuranosyl blocked derivatives (8a and 8c) whi ...	1985	2995666
locating a nucleotide-binding site in the thymidine kinase of vaccinia virus and of herpes simplex virus by scoring triply aligned protein sequences.	computer techniques were used to locate related segments of amino acid sequences in the thymidine kinases of vaccinia virus and of herpes simplex virus type 1 and in porcine adenylate kinase. as determined by a procedure that evaluates triply aligned sequences, the probability that the similarities among the segments described here arose by chance was no greater than 0.001. because the sequence in porcine adenylate kinase is a nucleotide phosphate-binding site it is concluded that the segments i ...	1985	2995987
a history of the discovery and clinical application of antiviral drugs.		1985	2996681
specific transcription of orthopox virus dna by hela cell rna polymerase ii.	a hela cell extract was used to transcribe dna isolated from cowpox virus. truncated templates generate accurately initiated run-off transcripts of discrete sizes and whose sensitivity to inhibition by alpha-amanitin indicates synthesis by cell rna polymerase ii. a mapped restriction fragment of wild-type cowpox dna contains specific sites of initiation which are not detected in the geographically equivalent fragment from a cowpox mutant having a defined sequence rearrangement in this region.	1985	2996941
transcription of vaccinia virus early genes by a template-dependent soluble extract of purified virions.	an extract capable of selectively transcribing early vaccinia virus genes was prepared by disrupting purified vaccinia virions and passing the soluble material through a deae-cellulose column to remove endogenous dna. runoff transcripts of predicted size were synthesized by using double-stranded dna templates that contained truncated early vaccinia virus genes, whereas several late vaccinia virus genes were not transcribed under these conditions. proper dilution of the enzyme extract was critica ...	1985	2997463
reexamination of the efficacy of vaccination against mousepox.	experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of three strains of vaccinia virus, ihd-t, lister and wyeth, to immunize the balb/cbyj mouse against infection with ectromelia virus. mice vaccinated with any of the strains were protected for at least 12 weeks against clinically apparent disease when challenged with cage-mates infected with a virulent stain (nih-79) of ectromelia virus. however, 4 to 8 weeks after vaccination mice were capable of transmitting virus to non-vaccinated cage-mates ...	1985	2997541
molecular characterization of two strains of shope fibroma virus.	an isolate of shope fibroma virus (sfv), designated indiana (sfv-i), was previously described to be tumorigenic in vivo as sfv, cytocidal in vitro as the orthopoxviruses (vaccinia, rabbitpox, etc.), and to share antigenic determinants with sfv and vaccinia. the genetic relatedness of sfv-i to sfv and vaccinia was studied by means of southern blotting and hybridization. the results indicated that sfv-i shares extensive dna homology with vaccinia, but few common sequences with sfv. by contrast, sf ...	1985	2997996
orthopoxvirus dna: a comparison of restriction profiles and maps.	characteristic dna endonuclease digest fragment electropherograms and restriction site maps permitted differentiation and genome structure analysis of 38 orthopoxviruses that included isolates of monkeypox virus from humans and animals, monkeypox white variants, variola, vaccinia, ectromelia, tatera (gerbil) and raccoon poxviruses, and cowpox and camelpox viruses. hindiii cleavage sites mapped on the 38 virus genome dnas plus smai, bgli, saci, kpni, xhoi, and sali maps for variola (harvey) and m ...	1985	2998003
characterization, molecular cloning, and physical mapping of the shope fibroma virus genome.	five strains of shope fibroma virus (sfv), a strain of rabbit myxoma virus, and a strain of vaccinia virus were compared by restriction endonuclease digestion of their viral dnas. restriction digest patterns revealed that sfv and rabbit myxoma, both members of the leporipoxvirus genus, were distinct from vaccinia, an orthopoxvirus. all strains of sfv examined had a high degree of nucleotide sequence homology as shown by conservation of restriction sites within their genomes. however, restriction ...	1985	2998033
[danger to the human caused by animal poxvirus following discontinuation of mandatory vaccination against smallpox].	the discontinuation of smallpox vaccination will lead to a gradual decrease or disappearance of immunity to poxviruses of the genus orthopoxvirus. it is discussed whether orthopoxviruses of animals may then constitute a potential danger to man, with respect to their mutagenic and adaptation capabilities as well as their possible genetic interactions. infection of man with these viruses is generally possible, but at present, not of acute importance. monkeypox and cowpox viruses, as well as their ...	1985	2999033
transcriptional and translational mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis of a vaccinia virus gene encoding the precursor of the major core polypeptide 4b.	we prepared antiserum that reacted with a major core polypeptide of approximately 62,000 daltons (62k polypeptide), designated 4b, and its 74k precursor, designated p4b. a cell-free translation product of vaccinia virus late mrna that comigrated with p4b was specifically immunoprecipitated. the late mrna encoding p4b hybridized to restriction fragments derived from the left end of the hindiii a fragment and to a lesser extent from the right side of the hindiii d fragment. a polypeptide that comi ...	1985	2999438
[vaccination against mouse pox].	attenuated mva-strain of vaccinia virus has been efficient in the control of enzootic mousepox and in prophylactic vaccination. the virus has been used as a live vaccine for prophylactic and emergency vaccinations as well as for sanitation of populations. more than 100 000 vaccinations were carried out safely. even after suspension of the obligatory vaccination of humans against smallpox the mva-vaccine can be employed without risk and danger.	1985	3000022
physical mapping and dna sequence analysis of the rifampicin resistance locus in vaccinia virus.	rifampicin has been shown to inhibit the maturation of poxviruses at a discrete step in envelope formation (moss et al., 1969; pennington et al., 1970; nagayama et al., 1970; grimley et al., 1970). a rifampicin-resistant vaccinia virus mutant (rifr) was selected for its ability to grow in the presence of 100 micrograms/ml of rifampicin. utilizing intact dna or endonuclease restricted cloned dna subfragments derived from the rifr mutant virus, the locus specifying rifampicin resistance was physic ...	1985	3000072
studies of tgev spike protein gp195 expressed in e. coli and by a tge-vaccinia virus recombinant.	the gene coding for the surface spike protein gp195 of tgev has been cloned and expressed in e. coli in the form of fusion proteins. these proteins were isolated and used to immunize laboratory animals. all animals developed antibodies cross-reacting with the tgev virion but failed to neutralize the virus. the entire gp195 gene was also inserted into vaccinia to generate a tgev-vaccinia recombinant virus (vtge) that expressed tgev gp195. animals vaccinated with vtge produced neutralizing antibod ...	1985	3000150
epidermal growth factor receptor occupancy inhibits vaccinia virus infection.	vaccinia virus encodes vgf, an early protein of relative molecular mass 19,000 (19k) which, from amino-acid residues 45 to 85, is homologous in 19 residues to epidermal growth factor (egf), and transforming growth factor-alpha (tgf-alpha). the conserved sequence includes a region of high homology (6 out of 10 amino acids) from residues 71 to 80, corresponding to the third disulphide loop of both egf and tgf-alpha. this region has recently been shown to contain a binding region of tgf-alpha for t ...	1985	3001528
type i topoisomerase activity after infection of enucleated, synchronized mouse l cells by vaccinia virus.	the time course of appearance of type i topoisomerase activity after the infection of mouse l cytoplasts by vaccinia virus was determined. when the enucleation procedure was carried out with unsynchronized cell cultures, a high level of host-cell-specific type i topoisomerase activity was found associated with the resulting cytoplasts. if cells were first synchronized by the two-cycle thymidine block method and then enucleated after release, the level of host type i topoisomerase activity was al ...	1986	3003375
sequence-nonspecific replication of transfected plasmid dna in poxvirus-infected cells.	a system in which transfected plasmid dna replicates in the cytoplasm of poxvirus-infected cells is described. a variety of recombinant plasmids was introduced into poxvirus-infected cells by transfection, and replication of input plasmid dna was monitored by (i) digestion with restriction enzymes that discriminate between input methylated plasmid dna and unmethylated dna produced by replication in mammalian cells; (ii) amplification of intracellular plasmid dna; and (iii) density shift analysis ...	1986	3003742
detection of a subunit of cellular pol ii within highly purified preparations of rna polymerase isolated from rabbit poxvirus virions.	a large (approximately 200 kd) subunit of cellular rna polymerase ii (pol ii) and a virus-encoded subunit of rabbit poxvirus (rpv) rna polymerase (137 kd) react with common monoclonal antibodies. hybridization studies with viral and cellular dna clones confirm that the viral and cellular proteins are related. following rpv infection, the pol ii subunit is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasmic virosomes, then packaged into mature virus, and is found associated with the viral rna polyme ...	1986	3004740
recombinant vaccinia virus induces neutralising antibodies in rabbits against epstein-barr virus membrane antigen gp340.	the epstein-barr virus membrane antigen gene gp340 was isolated, inserted into several strains of vaccinia virus and expressed under the control of a vaccinia virus promoter. the ebv-derived protein which was produced by the recombinant vaccinia viruses was heavily glycosylated, readily labelled with threonine, could be detected at the surface of infected cells and had a mol. wt. of approximately 340 kd, all of which are properties of the authentic gp340. polyclonal rabbit antisera against gp340 ...	1985	3004944
epidermal growth factor, its receptor, and related proteins.	an interesting aspect of the developments forthcoming from the study of cell growth control by growth factors is the structural and functional homologies that have been found to exist between growth factors or their receptors and other molecules. the epidermal growth factor (egf) system has been particularly fruitful in this regard. the information in this article is meant to summarize the relationships that have been recently described between egf and other egf-like molecules and between the eg ...	1986	3007185
synthesis, structure, and antitumor and antiviral activities of a series of 5-halouridine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates.	a series of potential prodrug 5-halouridine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphates (5-x-cumps, x = f, cl, br, i, 1-4) has been prepared and tested for antitumor activity against murine leukemia l1210/0 and human lymphoblast raji/0 cells and their deoxythymidine kinase deficient (tk-) counterparts, as well as for antiviral activity in primary rabbit kidney cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 or 2, vaccinia virus, or vesicular stomatitis virus. the 5-halopyrimidine bases, nucleosides (5-x-u), and ...	1986	3007759
expression of the htlv-iii envelope gene by a recombinant vaccinia virus.	the discovery that the aetiological agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a retrovirus, referred to as human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) or lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lav) (for review see ref. 1), has raised the possibility of developing a vaccine. in this regard, the envelope (env) proteins of murine retroviruses can induce protective immunity in mice. the htlv-iii env gene specifies a primary polypeptide of approximately 860 amino acids that is glycosylated ...	1986	3008001
expression of aids virus envelope gene in recombinant vaccinia viruses.	acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is an infectious disease characterized by severe impairment of the patient's cell-mediated immune system. several lines of evidence have indicated that the aetiological agent of aids is a group of t-lymphotropic retroviruses, variously known as lymphadenopathy-associated virus (lav), human t-lymphotropic virus type iii (htlv-iii) and aids-associated retrovirus (arv). serological surveys have indicated that as many as one million people in the united sta ...	1986	3008002
a tandemly-oriented late gene cluster within the vaccinia virus genome.	the nucleotide sequence of a 5.1 kilobase-pair fragment from the central portion of the vaccinia virus genome has been determined. within this region, five complete and two incomplete open reading frames (orfs) are tightly-clustered, tandemly-oriented, and read in the leftward direction. late mrna start sites for the five complete orfs and one incomplete orf were determined by s1 nuclease mapping. the two leftmost complete orfs correlated with late polypeptides of 65,000 and 32,000 molecular wei ...	1986	3008103
nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus hemagglutinin gene.	vaccinia virus hemagglutinin (ha) is expressed at late time of infection cycle, and it is nonessential for virus growth. location of the ha structural gene was determined by hybrid-arrested and hybrid-selected translation methods at the right terminus of the hindiii a fragment. the position of the ha gene was confirmed by the production of the complete ha protein in the cells transfected with the plasmid containing that region. examination of this nucleotide sequence revealed the positions of cl ...	1986	3008418
selective in vitro and in vivo activities of 5-(2-haloalkyl)pyrimidine nucleoside analogs, particularly 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine, against herpes simplex virus.	5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cedu), 5-(3-chloropropyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cpdu), and 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxycytidine (cedc) were evaluated for activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 in vitro. their mics for hsv-1 in primary rabbit kidney cell cultures were 0.15, 0.20, and 0.60 micrograms/ml, respectively; their mics for hsv-2 were about 10-fold higher. when tested in parallel, the reference compounds 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine, acyclovir, and ( ...	1985	3010841
surface expression of viral glycoproteins is polarized in epithelial cells infected with recombinant vaccinia viral vectors.	in polarized epithelial cells, maturation sites of enveloped viruses that form by budding at cell surfaces are restricted to particular membrane domains. recombinant vaccinia viruses were used to investigate the sites of surface expression in the madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cell line of the hemagglutinin (ha) of influenza virus, the g glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and gp70/p15e of friend murine leukemia virus (mulv). these glycoproteins could be demonstrated by immunoflu ...	1986	3011398
recognition of cloned vesicular stomatitis virus internal and external gene products by cytotoxic t lymphocytes.	it has generally been assumed that most if not all ctl specific for vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv)-infected cells recognize the viral glycoprotein (g), an integral membrane protein abundantly expressed on infected cell surfaces. using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing copies of cloned vsv genes to examine ctl recognition of vsv, we have confirmed that g is recognized by vsv-specific ctl. more interestingly, however, we have also found that nucleocapsid protein (n), an internal virion pro ...	1986	3011949
use of vaccinia virus as a neuropeptide expression vector.		1986	3012250
homology between dna polymerases of poxviruses, herpesviruses, and adenoviruses: nucleotide sequence of the vaccinia virus dna polymerase gene.	a 5400-base-pair segment of the vaccinia virus genome was sequenced and an open reading frame of 938 codons was found precisely where the dna polymerase had been mapped by transfer of a phosphonoacetate-resistance marker. a single nucleotide substitution changing glycine at position 347 to aspartic acid accounts for the drug resistance of the mutant vaccinia virus. the 5' end of the dna polymerase mrna was located 80 base pairs before the methionine codon initiating the open reading frame. corre ...	1986	3012524
the search for an aids vaccine.		1986	3012619
vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus, and carcinogens induce dna amplification in a human cell line and support replication of a helpervirus dependent parvovirus.	the sv40-transformed human kidney cell line, nb-e, amplifies integrated as well as episomal sv40 dna upon treatment with chemical (dmba) or physical (uv irradiation) carcinogens ("initiators") as well as after infection with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 or with vaccinia virus. in addition it is shown that vaccinia virus induces sv40 dna amplification also in the sv40-transformed chinese hamster embryo cell line, co631. these findings demonstrate that human cells similar to chinese hamster c ...	1986	3012864
[antiviral agents. 28. aliphatic substituted chlordihexylamino-1,3,5-triazine].	the nucleophilic substitution of one chlorine atom in 2,4-dichloro-6-(dihexylamino)-1,3,5-triazine (1) by primary (2a-b) or secondary (2c) amines leads to the aliphatically substituted chloro-dihexylamino-1,3,5-triazines (3a-c) structures of type 3 may be characterized by the spectroscopic data. in the mass spectra, the complete degradation of the alkyl groupings is striking and manifested in a series of consecutive peaks with differences of 14 between each other. antiviral activity is exhibited ...	1986	3013214
conserved taaat motif in vaccinia virus late promoters: overlapping tata box and site of transcription initiation.	we have characterized the vaccinia virus 11-kd late promoter through 5' and 3' deletions and site-directed mutagenesis. the promoter function appears to be contained within an approximately 30-bp fragment, which after translocation is able to direct rna synthesis late in infection at a reduced level. we demonstrate that a taaat sequence in the proximal part of the promoter is essential for its function. this cis-acting element is highly conserved within vaccinia virus late promoters and overlaps ...	1986	3013615
insertion and deletion mutants of vaccinia virus.	thirteen viable insertion mutants of vaccinia virus have been constructed. these mutants, containing coding sequences of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene, were generated by marker transfer via in vivo recombination. the mutants were identified using a replica filter plating technique by in situ hybridization using 32p-nick translated hsv-tk sequences and obtained as pure cultures by repeated plaque purification. some of these insertion mutants were in turn used as substrat ...	1986	3014720
tumorigenic poxviruses: analysis of viral dna sequences implicated in the tumorigenicity of shope fibroma virus and malignant rabbit virus.	the dna sequence has been determined for a 7-kb region within the terminal inverted repeats (tir) of shope fibroma virus (sfv), a poxvirus which induces benign fibromas in rabbits. this region of the sfv tir, which flanks the junction of the tir with the unique internal sequences of the viral genome, had previously been shown to be also present in the genome of malignant rabbit virus (mrv), a hybrid poxvirus derived from a recombination event between sfv and a related leporipoxvirus, myxoma. unl ...	1986	3014722
inactivation of the aids-causing retrovirus and other human viruses in antihemophilic plasma protein preparations by pasteurization.	heat treatment at 60 degrees c for 10 h in solution (pasteurization) was introduced into the manufacturing process of antihemophilic cryoprecipitate (ahc) and factor viii concentrates (f viii) to reduce the risk of transmission of hepatitis to hemophiliacs. since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may also be transmitted to hemophiliacs by antihemophilic plasma protein preparations, we have investigated inactivation of the aids virus htlv iii by pasteurization in ahc or f viii and inc ...	1986	3014743
identification and cloning of the fowlpox virus thymidine kinase gene using vaccinia virus.	using vaccinia virus as a selection and cloning vehicle, a thymidine kinase (tk) gene of fowlpox virus (fpv) has been identified. a plasmid, pf130, containing part of the hindiii-f region of vaccinia virus was used to shotgun clone ecori fragments of fpv dna into tk- vaccinia virus and select for tk+ recombinants. the tk+ recombinant vaccinia virus contained a 5.5 kb ecori fragment of fpv. this fpv fragment was cloned into puc9 and the presence of the tk gene in this fragment was confirmed by it ...	1986	3016154
replication and resolution of cloned poxvirus telomeres in vivo generates linear minichromosomes with intact viral hairpin termini.	the covalently closed terminal hairpins of the linear duplex-dna genomes of the orthopoxvirus vaccinia and the leporipoxvirus shope fibroma virus (sfv) have been cloned as imperfect palindromes within circular plasmids in yeast cells and recombination-deficient escherichia coli. the viral telomeres inserted within these recombinant plasmids are equivalent to the inverted-repeat structures detected as telomeric replicative intermediates during poxvirus replication in vivo. although the telomeres ...	1986	3016294
herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific human t-cell clones recognize hsv glycoprotein d expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus.	human cytotoxic t-cell (ctl) clones that lyse autologous cells infected with herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 or 2 were generated by stimulating lymphocytes with a recombinant vaccinia virus (recombinant vaccinia-gd-1 virus) that expresses hsv type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1). furthermore, ctl clones generated with hsv type 1 or with cloned gd-1 lysed autologous cells infected with the recombinant vaccinia-gd-1 virus. our findings thus showed that gd serves as a target antigen for human ctls and th ...	1986	3016312
transcriptional mapping of early rna from regions of the shope fibroma and malignant rabbit fibroma virus genomes.	malignant rabbit fibroma virus (mv) is a recombinant poxvirus derived from shope fibroma virus (sfv) and rabbit myxoma virus (d. s. strayer, e. skaletsky, g. f. cabirac, p. a. sharp, l. b. corbeil, s. sell, and j. l. leibowitz, 1983a, j. immunol. 130, 399-404; w. block, c. upton, and g. mcfadden, 1984, virology 140, 113-124). we report here the transcriptional mapping of early rnas transcribed from the sfv sequences within mv and from the corresponding regions in sfv. hybridization analysis and ...	1986	3016986
antibodies against herpes simplex virus in a group of healthy humans without reactions to herpes simplex virus antigens in blasttransformation assays.	22 healthy individuals with different reactions in humoral and cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus (hsv), as found in complement-fixation, neutralization, and blasttransformation assays have been further investigated using antibody-dependent cell-mediated immunity (adcc) as a serological test. sera from all individuals were absorbed on hsv-infected, varicella zoster virus (vzv)-infected or uninfected cell monolayers, before they were used in adcc with hsv-infected cells, as target. th ...	1986	3018253
neomycin resistance as a dominant selectable marker for selection and isolation of vaccinia virus recombinants.	the antibiotic g418 was shown to be an effective inhibitor of vaccinia virus replication when an appropriate concentration of it was added to cell monolayers 48 h before infection. genetic engineering techniques were used in concert with dna transfection protocols to construct vaccinia virus recombinants containing the neomycin resistance gene (neo) from transposon tn5. these recombinants contained the neo gene linked in either the correct or incorrect orientation relative to the vaccinia virus ...	1985	3018537
functional analysis of the 5' flanking sequence of a vaccinia virus late gene.	a series of mutations, including 5' and 3' deletions, as well as insertions were introduced into the 5' flanking nucleotide sequence of a vaccinia virus late gene. this dna has been shown previously to contain all the necessary elements for correct regulation of the gene most probably transcribed by the viral rna polymerase. to facilitate the assays, the mutated dna was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and inserted into the genome of live vaccinia virus. the effects of the mut ...	1986	3019674
[double recombinants of the vaccinia virus expressing hepatitis b virus surface antigen and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase].		1986	3021422
conserved taaatg sequence at the transcriptional and translational initiation sites of vaccinia virus late genes deduced by structural and functional analysis of the hindiii h genome fragment.	the sequence of the 8,600-base-pair hindiii h fragment, located at the center of the vaccinia virus genome, was determined to analyze several late genes. seven major complete open reading frames (orfs) and two that started from or continued into adjacent dna segments were identified. orfs were closely spaced and present on both dna strands. some adjacent orfs had oppositely oriented overlapping termination codons or contiguous stop and start codons. nucleotide compositional analysis indicated th ...	1986	3021979
[effect of silver compounds on viruses in water].	two commercial substances, certisil and micropur, containing microbicidal silver compounds and destinated for decontamination as well as preservation of water were examined for virus inactivating activity against ecbo-, influenza a, newcastle disease, pseudorabies and vaccinia viruses in drinking water. in the recommended concentration as well as higher concentrated the lability of the viruses was increased by the silver compounds. this activity which cannot be designated as a true virucidal eff ...	1986	3022501
nonpolarized expression of a secreted murine leukemia virus glycoprotein in polarized epithelial cells.	vaccinia virus recombinants were generated which express the intact gp70/p15e of friend mink cell focus inducing virus (f-mcfv) or truncated forms of the glycoprotein that lack the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. the transport of the intact and truncated envelope glycoproteins to apical or basolateral surfaces was studied in the polarized epithelial mdck cell line. infection of mdck cells with the recombinant expressing the intact f-mcfv envelope glycoprotein resulted in transport exclusi ...	1986	3022940
synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 1,4-dioxane nucleoside analogues related to nucleoside dialdehydes.	since biologically active nucleoside 2',3'-dialdehydes exist as six-membered cyclic acetals (1) in solution, we have investigated the antiviral activity of some structurally similar 1,4-dioxane nucleoside analogues. by reacting 2',3'-seconucleoside tosylates with base, the guanine (10) and adenine (18) substituted (hydroxymethyl)dioxanes have been constructed. in addition, an unusual adenine-substituted divinyl ether (22) was synthesized via a base-catalyzed, double elimination of a 2',3'-di-o-t ...	1986	3023613
identification and nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase gene of shope fibroma virus.	the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of shope fibroma virus (sfv), a tumorigenic leporipoxvirus, was localized within the viral genome with degenerate oligonucleotide probes. these probes were constructed to two regions of high sequence conservation between the vaccinia virus tk gene and those of several known eucaryotic cellular tk genes, including human, mouse, hamster, and chicken tk genes. the oligonucleotide probes initially localized the sfv tk gene 50 kilobases (kb) from the right terminus of t ...	1986	3023681
[inactivation characteristics of polyene macrolide antibiotics].	roseofungin, a pentaen was used as an example in investigation of certain characteristics of inactivation of polyenic antibiotics. an inactivation product of the antibiotic having no antiviral or antimycotic activity was isolated by tlc and column chromatography on sefadex lh-20. uv, ir and epr spectroscopy showed that this product was cys-tetraen without conjugation of the lactone carbonyl to the polyenic system.	1986	3024559
identification of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b gene and induction of neutralizing antibodies via its expression in recombinant vaccinia virus.	a human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) glycoprotein gene with homology to glycoprotein b (gb) of herpes simplex virus and epstein-barr virus and gpii of varicella zoster virus has been identified by nucleotide sequencing. the gene has been expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus and the gene product recognized by monoclonal antibodies and human immune sera. rabbits immunized with the recombinant vaccinia virus produced antibodies that immunoprecipitate gb from hcmv-infected cells and neutralize hcmv inf ...	1986	3024973
polarized expression of a chimeric protein in which the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the influenza virus hemagglutinin have been replaced by those of the vesicular stomatitis virus g protein.	in polarized epithelial cells, influenza virus buds exclusively from the apical domain of the plasma membrane, whereas vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) buds exclusively from the basolateral domain. in virus-infected cells, the envelope proteins, influenza hemagglutinin (ha) and vesicular stomatitis virus g (vsv g), are likewise transported to and localized in the same domain of the plasma membrane from which the viruses bud. previous studies have shown that influenza ha and vsv g proteins, when ...	1986	3025835
molecular cloning, encoding sequence, and expression of vaccinia virus nucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase gene.	a rabbit poxvirus genomic library contained within the expression vector lambda gt11 was screened with polyclonal antiserum prepared against vaccinia virus nucleic acid-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase (ntpase)-i enzyme. five positive phage clones containing from 0.72- to 2.5-kilobase-pair (kbp) inserts expressed a beta-galactosidase fusion protein that was reactive by immunoblotting with the ntpase-i antibody. hybridization analysis allowed the location of this gene within the vaccinia hindi ...	1986	3025846
a serological survey on 15 murine pathogens in mice and rats.	a serological survey for 15 murine pathogens was performed on 269 mouse sera collected from 21 conventional and 12 barrier colonies, and on 376 rat sera collected from 21 conventional and 23 barrier colonies. animals having an antibody against at least one of the antigens were contained in 81.0% of conventional and 16.7% of barrier mouse colonies and also in 81.0% of conventional and 43.5% of barrier rat colonies. main contaminants were mouse hepatitis virus and sendai virus in mice, and sendai ...	1986	3026818
accumulation and chemotaxis of natural killer/large granular lymphocytes at sites of virus replication.	a model for monitoring the accumulation of natural killer cell/large granular lymphocytes (nk/lgl) at a site of virus replication was studied by using mice infected i.p. with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), pichinde virus, or vaccinia virus. an i.p. but not i.v. infection resulted in a localized increase in nk/lgl cell number (a fourfold to greater than 20-fold increase) and augmentation (a 10- to 20-fold increase) of ...	1987	3027167
structure-activity relationship of novel oligopeptide antiviral and antitumor agents related to netropsin and distamycin.	a group of oligopeptides have been synthesized that are structurally related to the natural antiviral antitumor agents netropsin and distamycin. cytostatic activity against both human and murine tumor cell lines as well as their in vitro activity against a range of viruses is reported. the biological activity of these agents is discussed both in terms of their structural differences and, in particular, in relation to their observed base- and sequence-dependent minor-groove binding to duplex olig ...	1986	3027326
synthesis and antitumor and antiviral properties of 5-halo- and 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphates and neutral triesters.	the title diesters (11-15; halo substituents f, cl, br, i) were prepared by dcc-induced cyclization of the precursor 5'-monophosphate or direct halogenation of the 2'-deoxyuridine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. antitumor activities of 11-15 in cell systems (l1210 and raji/0) were compared to those of the corresponding nucleosides and 5'-monophosphates. thus, the 5-f- and 5-cf3-2'-deoxyuridines proved to be highly active derivatives [id50 values (microgram/ml) for l1210, 0.002 and 0.06, respectively ...	1986	3027328