Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the panorama of animal leptospirosis in rio de janeiro, brazil, regarding the seroepidemiology of the infection in tropical regions. | leptospirosis is an important disease caused by various serovars of leptospira sp. it can affect humans as well as domestic and wild animals; therefore, it has importance for public health, animal production, and wild species. the aim of this paper is to discuss the epidemiology of animal leptospirosis in rio de janeiro, brazil, as a possible model for other tropical regions. in several studies conducted in the last 20 years, a total of 47 rats, 120 dogs, 875 cows, 695 horses, 1,343 goats, 308 s ... | 2013 | 24289165 |
| sleeping site selection by savanna chimpanzees in ugalla, tanzania. | we examined sleeping site selection by chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) in the ugalla savanna woodland area, western tanzania, from 1994 to 2012. we established 488 km of line transects and recorded 379 chimpanzee beds within 30 m perpendicular to the transects. comparisons between 60 × 60 m(2) quadrats containing new and recent beds and the remaining quadrats without beds along the transects indicated that evergreen forests accounted for disproportionately more area in quadrats with beds than in t ... | 2014 | 24293003 |
| water borne hepatitis a and hepatitis e in malwa region of punjab, india. | hepatitis-a virus infection (hav) and hepatitis e virus infection (hev) are faecally contaminated water borne infection of great public interest in developing countries. hav has a world-wide /dablestribution and affects infant and young children in developing countries and its epidemics are not very common. hev is restricted to tropical countries and affects older children and young adults and its epidemics are common. studies suggested that hev is etiologically responsible for 10%-95% of admitt ... | 2013 | 24298465 |
| possible pheromonal regulation of reproduction in wild carnivores. | recent observations of social behavior and reproduction in wolves, coyotes, hunting dogs, mongooses, and lions suggest possible involvement of pheromones in the regulation of reproductive activity. observed phenomena resemble the known pheromonal effects in mice such as suppression or synchronization of estrus, induction of maternal behavior, and interruption of pregnancy. further studies are necessary to verify the supposed biological effects of carnivore pheromones and to determine their chemi ... | 1985 | 24309850 |
| linking reproduction and survival can improve model estimates of vital rates derived from limited time-series counts of pinnipeds and other species. | we propose a method to model the physiological link between somatic survival and reproductive output that reduces the number of parameters that need to be estimated by models designed to determine combinations of birth and death rates that produce historic counts of animal populations. we applied our reproduction and somatic survival linked (rssl) method to the population counts of three species of north pacific pinnipeds (harbor seals, phoca vitulina richardii (gray, 1864); northern fur seals, ... | 2013 | 24324541 |
| cross-modal transitivity in a california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | the ability of an experimentally experienced female california sea lion to form transitive relations across sensory modalities was tested using a matching-to-sample procedure. the subject was trained by trial-and-error, using differential reinforcement, to relate an acoustic sample stimulus to one member from each of two previously established visual classes. once the two auditory-visual relations were formed, she was tested to determine whether untrained transitive relations would emerge betwee ... | 2014 | 24337783 |
| data-poor management of african lion hunting using a relative index of abundance. | sustainable management of terrestrial hunting requires managers to set quotas restricting offtake. this often takes place in the absence of reliable information on the population size, and as a consequence, quotas are set in an arbitrary fashion, leading to population decline and revenue loss. in this investigation, we show how an indirect measure of abundance can be used to set quotas in a sustainable manner, even in the absence of information on population size. focusing on lion hunting in afr ... | 2014 | 24344299 |
| assessing the exposure of lion tamarins (leontopithecus spp.) to future climate change. | understanding how biodiversity will respond to climate change is a major challenge in conservation science. climatic changes are likely to impose serious threats to many organisms, especially those with narrow distribution ranges, small populations and low dispersal capacity. lion tamarins (leontopithecus spp.) are endangered primates endemic to brazilian atlantic forest (baf), and all four living species are typical examples of these aggravating conditions. here, we integrate ecological niche m ... | 2014 | 24346860 |
| diel and seasonal movement pattern of the dusky grouper epinephelus marginatus inside a marine reserve. | temporal movement patterns and spawning behaviour of the dusky grouper epinephelus marginatus were investigated using depth and temperature sensors combined to acoustic telemetry. results showed that these fish are year-round resident, remaining inside the fully protected area of the marine reserve of cerbère-banyuls (65 ha) and display a diurnal activity pattern. records from depth sensors revealed that groupers range inside small, distinct, and individual territories. individual variations in ... | 2014 | 24361257 |
| prevalence and diversity of babesia, hepatozoon, ehrlichia, and bartonella in wild and domestic carnivores from zambia, africa. | a molecular survey was conducted for several hemoparasites of domestic dogs and three species of wild carnivores from two sites in zambia. three babesia spp. were detected including babesia felis and babesia leo in lions (panthera leo) and a babesia sp. (similar to babesia lengau) in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) and a single lion. all wild dogs (lycaon pictus) and domestic dogs were negative for babesia. high prevalences for hepatozoon were noted in all three wild carnivores (38-61%) and in ... | 2014 | 24363181 |
| using odor cues to elicit a behavioral and hormonal response in zoo-housed african wild dogs. | olfactory enrichment, like odor cues, can positively affect behavior, reproductive success, and stress physiology in zoo-housed species. our goal was to determine if odor cues were enriching to the african wild dog (awd; lycaon pictus), a species with a complex social structure and a highly developed sense of smell. our objectives were to: (1) examine changes in activity levels and stress hormone physiology in response to fecal odor cues from natural competitor and natural/unnatural prey species ... | 2016 | 24375480 |
| a social network analysis of social cohesion in a constructed pride: implications for ex situ reintroduction of the african lion (panthera leo). | animal conservation practices include the grouping of captive related and unrelated individuals to form a social structure which is characteristic of that species in the wild. in response to the rapid decline of wild african lion (panthera leo) populations, an array of conservational strategies have been adopted. ex situ reintroduction of the african lion requires the construction of socially cohesive pride structures prior to wild release. this pilot study adopted a social network theory approa ... | 2013 | 24376544 |
| short-term behavioural responses of impalas in simulated antipredator and social contexts. | prey animals often have to trade off foraging against vigilance. however, vigilance is costly and individuals are expected to adjust their vigilance and its cost in relation to social cues and their predation risk. to test this, we conducted playback experiments in the field to study how lions' (panthera leo) roars and male impalas' (aepyceros melampus) territorial vocalizations affected the vigilance and foraging behaviours as well as movements of female impalas. our results show that impalas a ... | 2013 | 24376859 |
| first asian record of panthera (leo) fossilis (mammalia, carnivora, felidae) in the early pleistocene of western siberia, russia. | a lion-like pantherine felid is described as panthera (leo) fossilis from the late early pleistocene sediments of the kuznetsk basin (western siberia, russia). the find of p. fossilis first recorded in asia considerably extends the current notion of the eastward expansion of the most ancient lions. the siberian lion is geologically the oldest form and is dimensionally among the largest members of the group of fossil lions on the eurasian continent. although known by mandibular remains only, it i ... | 2014 | 24382145 |
| nuclear and mtdna lineage diversity in wild and cultured pacific lion-paw scallop, nodipecten subnodosus (baja california peninsula, mexico). | pacific lion-paw scallops were collected from natural aggregations in laguna ojo de liebre (pacific ocean), the gulf of california, and from aquaculture facilities for genetic diversity analyses. mitochondrial dna sequencing uncovered two highly supported clades separated by 2.5% divergence. data from ten microsatellite markers suggest individuals from these mitogroups are introgressed, raising questions about the mitotype origin. some evidence suggests gene flow between la paz and ojo de liebre ... | 2010 | 24391254 |
| producing speech with a newly learned morphosyntax and vocabulary: an magnetoencephalography study. | ten participants learned a miniature language (anigram), which they later employed to verbally describe a pictured event. using magnetoencephalography, the cortical dynamics of sentence production in anigram was compared with that in the native tongue from the preparation phase up to the production of the final word. at the preparation phase, a cartoon image with two animals prompted the participants to plan either the corresponding simple sentence (e.g., "the bear hits the lion") or a grammar-f ... | 2014 | 24392893 |
| moving to stay in place: behavioral mechanisms for coexistence of african large carnivores. | most ecosystems have multiple predator species that not only compete for shared prey, but also pose direct threats to each other. these intraguild interactions are key drivers of carnivore community structure, with ecosystem-wide cascading effects. yet, behavioral mechanisms for coexistence of multiple carnivore species remain poorly understood. the challenges of studying large, free-ranging carnivores have resulted in mainly coarse-scale examination of behavioral strategies without information ... | 2013 | 24400513 |
| mitochondrial genome of the african lion panthera leo leo. | in this study, the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the african lion p. leo leo was reported. the total length of the mitogenome was 17,054 bp. it contained the typical mitochondrial structure, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes and 1 control region; 21 of the trna genes folded into typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for trnase. the overall composition of the mitogenome was a (32.0%), g (14.5%), c (26.5%) and t (27.0%). the new seq ... | 2015 | 24409914 |
| social structure of lions (panthera leo) is affected by management in pendjari biosphere reserve, benin. | lion populations have undergone a severe decline in west africa. as baseline for conservation management, we assessed the group structure of lions in the pendjari biosphere reserve in benin. this reserve, composed of one national park and two hunting zones, is part of the wap transboundary complex of protected areas. overall mean group size was 2.6±1.7 individuals (n = 296), it was significantly higher in the national park (2.7±1.7, n = 168) than in the hunting zones (2.2±1.5, n = 128). overall ... | 2014 | 24416263 |
| no evidence of metabolic depression in western alaskan juvenile steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). | steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) populations have undergone precipitous declines through their western alaskan range over the last four decades with the leading hypothesis to explain this decline centering around changing prey quality, quantity, or availability for this species (i.e., nutritional stress hypothesis). under chronic conditions of reduced food intake sea lions would conserve energy by limiting energy expenditures through lowering of metabolic rate known as metabolic depression. ... | 2014 | 24416394 |
| comparison of monochromatic aberrations in young adults with different visual acuity and refractive errors. | to compare the monochromatic aberrations in a large cohort of 20-year-old australians with differing levels of visual acuity and explore the relationship between these aberrations and refractive error. | 2014 | 24417894 |
| serum chemistry reference ranges for steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) pups from alaska: stock differentiation and comparisons within a north pacific sentinel species. | blood chemistry and hematologic reference ranges are useful for population health assessment and establishing a baseline for future comparisons in the event of ecosystem changes due to natural or anthropogenic factors. the objectives of this study were to determine if there was any population spatial structure for blood variables of steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus), an established sentinel species, and to report reference ranges for appropriate populations using standardized analyses. in ad ... | 2013 | 24419664 |
| complete genome analysis identifies tvärminne avian virus as a candidate new species within the genus orthoreovirus. | orthoreoviruses have been associated with a variety of diseases in domesticated poultry and wild-living birds. in 2002, a reovirus strain named tvärminne avian virus (tvav), was identified in finland in a crow showing neurological disorders. the objective of this study was the molecular characterization of this novel reovirus strain. genome sequencing was performed by combining semiconductor sequencing and traditional capillary sequencing. sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that tvav shar ... | 2014 | 24421111 |
| the lion in west africa is critically endangered. | the african lion has declined to <35,000 individuals occupying 25% of its historic range. the situation is most critical for the geographically isolated populations in west africa, where the species is considered regionally endangered. elevating their conservation significance, recent molecular studies establish the genetic distinctiveness of west and central african lions from other extant african populations. interventions to save west african lions are urgently required. however formulating e ... | 2014 | 24421889 |
| individual identification and genetic variation of lions (panthera leo) from two protected areas in nigeria. | this survey was conducted in two protected areas in nigeria to genetically identify individual lions and to determine the genetic variation within and between the populations. we used faecal sample dna, a non-invasive alternative to the risky and laborious task of taking samples directly from the animals, often preceded by catching and immobilization. data collection in yankari game reserve (ygr) spanned through a period of five years (2008 -2012), whereas data in kainji lake national park (klnp ... | 2014 | 24427283 |
| a comparative study of physical properties of gypsums manufactured in india. | gypsum products are one of the most widely used materials in dentistry. the wide use of plaster of paris motivated a number of manufacturers to introduce different brands of the profession but their physical and mechanical properties were still questionable. the aim of this study was to access, compare and evaluate the physical properties of different brands of laboratory gypsum available in indian dental market. seven brands namely calspar, rajhans, elephant, horse, lion, johnson and shree niwa ... | 2013 | 24431787 |
| withdrawn: whole mitochondrial genome of the white african lion. | abstract this article, published online ahead of print on 17 january 2014, has been withdrawn by the authors due to an error identified in the data. | 2014 | 24438244 |
| novel gammaherpesviruses in north american domestic cats, bobcats, and pumas: identification, prevalence, and risk factors. | gammaherpesviruses (ghvs) are a diverse and rapidly expanding group of viruses associated with a variety of disease conditions in humans and animals. to identify felid ghvs, we screened domestic cat (felis catus), bobcat (lynx rufus), and puma (puma concolor) blood cell dna samples from california, colorado, and florida using a degenerate pan-ghv pcr. additional pan-ghv and long-distance pcrs were used to sequence a contiguous 3.4-kb region of each putative virus species, including partial glyco ... | 2014 | 24453374 |
| underestimating the frequency, strength and cost of antipredator responses with data from gps collars: an example with wolves and elk. | field studies that rely on fixes from gps-collared predators to identify encounters with prey will often underestimate the frequency and strength of antipredator responses. these underestimation biases have several mechanistic causes. (1) step bias: the distance between successive gps fixes can be large, and encounters that occur during these intervals go undetected. this bias will generally be strongest for cursorial hunters that can rapidly cover large distances (e.g., wolves and african wild ... | 2013 | 24455148 |
| panel of polymorphic heterologous microsatellite loci to genotype critically endangered bengal tiger: a pilot study. | in india, six landscapes and source populations that are important for long-term conservation of bengal tigers (panthera tigris tigris) have been identified. except for a few studies, nothing is known regarding the genetic structure and extent of gene flow among most of the tiger populations across india as the majority of them are small, fragmented and isolated. thus, individual-based relationships are required to understand the species ecology and biology for planning effective conservation an ... | 2014 | 24455462 |
| no association of cryptococcal antigenemia with poor outcomes among antiretroviral therapy-experienced hiv-infected patients in addis ababa, ethiopia. | there are limited data on clinical outcomes of art-experienced patients with cryptococcal antigenemia. we assessed clinical outcomes of a predominantly asymptomatic, art-experienced cohort of hiv+ patients previously found to have a high (8.4%) prevalence of cryptococcal antigenemia. | 2014 | 24465651 |
| the great melting pot. common sole population connectivity assessed by otolith and water fingerprints. | quantifying the scale and importance of individual dispersion between populations and life stages is a key challenge in marine ecology. the common sole (solea solea), an important commercial flatfish in the north sea, atlantic ocean and the mediterranean sea, has a marine pelagic larval stage, a benthic juvenile stage in coastal nurseries (lagoons, estuaries or shallow marine areas) and a benthic adult stage in deeper marine waters on the continental shelf. to date, the ecological connectivity a ... | 2014 | 24475151 |
| sarcocystis canis associated hepatitis in a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) from alaska. | sarcocystis canis infection was associated with hepatitis in a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus). intrahepatocellular protozoal schizonts were among areas of necrosis and inflammation. the parasite was genetically identical to s. canis and is the first report in a steller sea lion, indicating another intermediate host species for s. canis. | 2014 | 24484486 |
| mycobacterium pinnipedii in a stranded south american sea lion (otaria byronia) in brazil. | we report tuberculosis in a stranded south american sea lion (otaria byronia) in brazil caused by mycobacterium pinnipedii, a member of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. | 2014 | 24484491 |
| isolation of escherichia coli 0157:h7 strain from fecal samples of zoo animal. | the isolation and characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 strains from 22 out of 174 fecal samples from petting zoo animals representing twenty-two different species (camel, lion, goats, zebra, bear, baboon monkey, siberian monkey, deer, elk, llama, pony, horses, fox, kangaroo, wolf, porcupine, chickens, tiger, ostrich, hyena, dogs, and wildcats) were investigated. one petting al-zawraa zoological society of baghdad was investigated for e. coli o157:h7 over a 16-month period that spanned tw ... | 2013 | 24489514 |
| antimicrobial effect of cryopreservation on donor ocular tissue. | the aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial effect of cryopreservation on donor globes with a previously positive culture. more specifically, our study aims at determining whether microbial organisms can still be cultured after cryopreservation in previously culture positive donor whole globes. | 2014 | 24503602 |
| a metapopulation approach to african lion (panthera leo) conservation. | due to anthropogenic pressures, african lion (panthera leo) populations in kenya and tanzania are increasingly limited to fragmented populations. lions living on isolated habitat patches exist in a matrix of less-preferred habitat. a framework of habitat patches within a less-suitable matrix describes a metapopulation. metapopulation analysis can provide insight into the dynamics of each population patch in reference to the system as a whole, and these analyses often guide conservation planning. ... | 2014 | 24505385 |
| understanding tourists' preference for mammal species in private protected areas: is there a case for extralimital species for ecotourism? | private protected areas (ppas) often use wildlife-based ecotourism as their primary means of generating business. achieving tourist satisfaction has become a strong driving goal in the management of many ppas, often at the expense of biodiversity. many extralimitral species, those which historically did not occur in an area, are stocked in ppas with the intention of increasing ecotourism attractions. even though the ecological and economic costs of stocking these species are high, the social ben ... | 2014 | 24505426 |
| efficacy of two lion conservation programs in maasailand, kenya. | lion (panthera leo) populations are in decline throughout most of africa. the problem is particularly acute in southern kenya, where maasai pastoralists have been spearing and poisoning lions at a rate that will ensure near term local extinction. we investigated 2 approaches for improving local tolerance of lions: compensation payments for livestock lost to predators and lion guardians, which draws on local cultural values and knowledge to mitigate livestock-carnivore conflict and monitor carniv ... | 2014 | 24527992 |
| castration of lions. | 1950 | 24537586 | |
| integrating animal health surveillance and food safety: the example of anisakis. | nematodes of the genera anisakis and pseudoterranova (family anisakidae) are zoonotic parasites for which marine mammals (e.g., whales, dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, walruses) act as final hosts, and crustaceans, cephalopods and fish as intermediate and/or paratenic hosts. in humans, the ingestion of anisakidae larvae can result in infection with live larvae, an allergic reaction to anisakidae allergens (even when dead larvae are ingested), or both. worldwide, more than 2000 infections ... | 2013 | 24547652 |
| early evolution of sexual dimorphism and polygyny in pinnipedia. | sexual selection is one of the earliest areas of interest in evolutionary biology. and yet, the evolutionary history of sexually dimorphic traits remains poorly characterized for most vertebrate lineages. here, we report on evidence for the early evolution of dimorphism within a model mammal group, the pinnipeds. pinnipeds show a range of sexual dimorphism and mating systems that span the extremes of modern mammals, from monomorphic taxa with isolated and dispersed mating to extreme size dimorph ... | 2014 | 24548136 |
| influence of aesthetic appreciation of wildlife species on attitudes towards their conservation in kenyan agropastoralist communities. | the influence of human aesthetic appreciation of animal species on public attitudes towards their conservation and related decision-making has been studied in industrialized countries but remains underexplored in developing countries. working in three agropastoralist communities around amboseli national park, southern kenya, we investigated the relative strength of human aesthetic appreciation on local attitudes towards the conservation of wildlife species. using semi-structured interviewing and ... | 2014 | 24551176 |
| easy-to-use rapid gene amplification method for direct detection of rna and dna viruses in sera and feces from various animals. | the development of rapid and simple gene amplification tests is required for detection of pathogens to prevent transmission of infectious diseases between animals or from animals to humans. an easy-to-use rapid gene amplification method that can directly detect rna and dna viruses in clinical samples was developed. this method is based on combining loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) or reverse transcription-lamp (rt-lamp) and rna gem tissue, a thermophilic enzyme that extracts nucleic ... | 2014 | 24560780 |
| traumatic brain injury, axonal injury and shaking in new zealand sea lion pups. | trauma is a common cause of death in neonatal new zealand sea lion pups, and subadult male sea lions have been observed picking up and violently shaking some pups. in humans, axonal injury is a common result of traumatic brain injury, and can be due to direct trauma to axons or to ischaemic damage secondary to trauma. 'shaken baby syndrome', which has been described in human infants, is characterised by retinal and intracranial subdural haemorrhages, and has been associated with axonal injury to ... | 2014 | 24565687 |
| temporal records of δ(13)c and δ (15)n in north pacific pinnipeds: inferences regarding environmental change and diet. | sea lion and seal populations in alaskan waters underwent various degrees of decline during the latter half of the twentieth century and the cause(s) for the declines remain uncertain. the stable carbon ((13)c/(12)c) and nitrogen ((15)n/(14)n) isotope ratios in bone collagen from wild steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus), northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus) and harbor seals (phoca vitulina) from the bering sea and gulf of alaska were measured for the period 1951-1997 to test the hypothesi ... | 2001 | 24577700 |
| assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice and associated factors towards palliative care among nurses working in selected hospitals, addis ababa, ethiopia. | to provide quality care at the end of life or for chronically sick patients, nurses must have good knowledge, attitude and practice about palliative care (pc). in ethiopia pc is new and very little is known about the type of services offered and the readiness of nurses to provide pc. | 2014 | 24593779 |
| analytical methods for chemical and sensory characterization of scent-markings in large wild mammals: a review. | in conjoining the disciplines of "ethology" and "chemistry" the field of "ethochemistry" has been instituted. ethochemistry is an effective tool in conservation efforts of endangered species and the understanding of behavioral patterns across all species. chemical constituents of scent-markings have an important, yet poorly understood function in territoriality, reproduction, dominance, and impact on evolutionary biology, especially in large mammals. particular attention has recently been focuse ... | 2014 | 24603639 |
| sensitivity to hypercapnia and elimination of co2 following diving in steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). | the diving ability of marine mammals is a function of how they use and store oxygen and the physiological control of ventilation, which is in turn dependent on the accumulation of co2. to assess the influence of co2 on physiological control of dive behaviour, we tested how increasing levels of inspired co2 (hypercarbia) and decreasing inspired o2 (hypoxia) affected the diving metabolic rate, submergence times, and dive recovery times (time to replenish o2 stores and eliminate co2) of freely divi ... | 2014 | 24604293 |
| development of mhc-linked microsatellite markers in the domestic cat and their use to evaluate mhc diversity in domestic cats, cheetahs, and gir lions. | diversity within the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) reflects the immunological fitness of a population. mhc-linked microsatellite markers provide a simple and an inexpensive method for studying mhc diversity in large-scale studies. we have developed 6 mhc-linked microsatellite markers in the domestic cat and used these, in conjunction with 5 neutral microsatellites, to assess mhc diversity in domestic mixed breed (n = 129) and purebred burmese (n = 61) cat populations in australia. the m ... | 2017 | 24620003 |
| geographic atrophy: a histopathological assessment. | geographic atrophy (ga) is the major cause of blind registration in western communities, although, with few exceptions, it is less common than choroidal neovascular disease. the variation of phenotype implies that age-related macular degeneration (amd) does not follow the same course from one case to another and that phenotyping may be important before initiating a therapeutic trial. | 2014 | 24626824 |
| hippocampal neuropathology of domoic acid-induced epilepsy in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | california sea lions (zalophus californianus) are abundant human-sized carnivores with large gyrencephalic brains. they develop epilepsy after experiencing status epilepticus when naturally exposed to domoic acid. we tested whether sea lions previously exposed to da (chronic da sea lions) display hippocampal neuropathology similar to that of human patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. hippocampi were obtained from control and chronic da sea lions. stereology was used to estimate numbers of nissl ... | 2014 | 24638960 |
| visual functions and disability in diabetic retinopathy patients. | this study was undertaken to find correlations between visual functions and visual disabilities in patients with diabetic retinopathy. | 2017 | 24646899 |
| assessment of mercury and selenium tissular concentrations and total mercury body burden in 6 steller sea lion pups from the aleutian islands. | concentrations of total mercury ([thg]) and selenium ([tse]) were measured in several tissue compartments in steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) pups; in addition we determined specific compartment and body burdens of thg. compartmental and body burdens were calculated by multiplying specific compartment fresh weight by the [thg] (summing compartment burdens equals body burden). in all 6 pup tissue sets (1) highest [thg] was in hair, (2) lowest [thg] was in bone, and (3) pelt, muscle and liver ... | 2014 | 24661459 |
| domoic acid epileptic disease. | domoic acid epileptic disease is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures weeks to months after domoic acid exposure. the potential for this disease was first recognized in a human case study of temporal lobe epilepsy after the 1987 amnesic shellfish-poisoning event in quebec, and was characterized as a chronic epileptic syndrome in california sea lions through investigation of a series of domoic acid poisoning cases between 1998 and 2006. the sea lion study provided a breadth of insight ... | 2014 | 24663110 |
| gleason 6 prostate cancer: serious malignancy or toothless lion? | autopsy studies of men without known prostate cancer suggest that a substantial reservoir of prostate cancer that does not cause symptoms or death exists within the population. the majority of these cancers are gleason 6 tumors and are frequently detected by prostate-specific antigen-based prostate cancer screening.there is strong evidence from longitudinal cohort studies of men with both treated and untreated gleason 6 prostate cancer to suggest that gleason 6 disease, when not associated with ... | 2014 | 24683714 |
| revealing the maternal demographic history of panthera leo using ancient dna and a spatially explicit genealogical analysis. | understanding the demographic history of a population is critical to conservation and to our broader understanding of evolutionary processes. for many tropical large mammals, however, this aim is confounded by the absence of fossil material and by the misleading signal obtained from genetic data of recently fragmented and isolated populations. this is particularly true for the lion which as a consequence of millennia of human persecution, has large gaps in its natural distribution and several re ... | 2014 | 24690312 |
| magnitude, clinical and sociodemographic correlate of depression in diabetic patients, addis ababa, ethiopia. | depression is a major factor in causing hospital admissions and deaths in persons with diabetes mellitus. so far there is no study available on depression among ethiopian diabetic patients. | 2013 | 24696975 |
| the lion procedure to the pelvic nerves for treatment of urinary and faecal disorders. | bladder dysfunctions have been treated for decades through medical treatments or surgical procedures, especially in the context of prolapse conditions and stress incontinence. over the last decade, sacral nerve modulation (snm) has been introduced as a further option in the treatment of some urinary and fecal symptoms. current techniques of percutaneous implantation are limited to superficial extrapelvic nerves that expose patients to lead migration and dislocation or infections, complications t ... | 2014 | 24700226 |
| comparative skull analysis suggests species-specific captivity-related malformation in lions (panthera leo). | lion (panthera leo) populations have dramatically decreased worldwide with a surviving population estimated at 32,000 across the african savannah. lions have been kept in captivity for centuries and, although they reproduce well, high rates of stillbirths as well as morbidity and mortality of neonate and young lions are reported. many of these cases are associated with bone malformations, including foramen magnum (fm) stenosis and thickened tentorium cerebelli. the precise causes of these malfor ... | 2014 | 24718586 |
| cheetahs and wild dogs show contrasting patterns of suppression by lions. | top predators can dramatically suppress populations of smaller predators, with cascading effects throughout communities, and this pressure is often unquestioningly accepted as a constraint on mesopredator populations. in this study, we reassess whether african lions suppress populations of cheetahs and african wild dogs and examine possible mechanisms for coexistence between these species. using long-term records from serengeti national park, we tested 30 years of population data for evidence of ... | 2014 | 24724917 |
| dental pathology of the california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | skulls from 1,085 california sea lions (zalophus californianus) were examined macroscopically according to defined criteria. the museum specimens, 61.8% male and 37.3% female, were acquired from strandings and varied in age from juvenile to adult. the majority of teeth were available for examination (95.7%); 3.8% of teeth were artefactually absent, 0.4% deemed absent due to acquired tooth loss and 0.1% were congenitally absent. acquired tooth loss was associated significantly with sex (p = 0.004 ... | 2014 | 24725510 |
| a survey for echinococcus spp. of carnivores in six wildlife conservation areas in kenya. | to investigate the presence of echinococcus spp. in wild mammals of kenya, 832 faecal samples from wild carnivores (lions, leopards, spotted hyenas, wild dogs and silver-backed jackals) were collected in six different conservation areas of kenya (meru, nairobi, tsavo west and tsavo east national parks, samburu and maasai mara national reserves). taeniid eggs were found in 120 samples (14.4%). in total, 1160 eggs were isolated and further analysed using rflp-pcr of the nad1 gene and sequencing. 3 ... | 2014 | 24732034 |
| storm-induced transfer of particulate trace metals to the deep-sea in the gulf of lion (nw mediterranean sea). | in order to calculate budgets of particulate matter and sediment-bound contaminants leaving the continental shelf of the gulf of lion (gol), settling particles were collected in march 2011 during a major storm, using sediment traps. the collecting devices were deployed in the cap de creus submarine canyon, which represents the main export route. particulate matter samples were analyzed to obtain mass fluxes and contents in organic carbon, al, cr, co, ni, cu, zn, cd, pb and la, nd and sm. the nat ... | 2014 | 24737418 |
| evolution of puma lentivirus in bobcats (lynx rufus) and mountain lions (puma concolor) in north america. | mountain lions (puma concolor) throughout north and south america are infected with puma lentivirus clade b (plvb). a second, highly divergent lentiviral clade, plva, infects mountain lions in southern california and florida. bobcats (lynx rufus) in these two geographic regions are also infected with plva, and to date, this is the only strain of lentivirus identified in bobcats. we sequenced full-length plv genomes in order to characterize the molecular evolution of plv in bobcats and mountain l ... | 2014 | 24741092 |
| draft genome sequence of campylobacter corcagiensis strain cit045t, a representative of a novel campylobacter species isolated from lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | campylobacter corcagiensis cit045(t) (=ccug 64942(t), lmg 27932(t)), a new member of the campylobacter genus, has recently been isolated from lion-tailed macaques in cork, ireland. to further characterize this new species and its potential pathogenicity, the genome sequence of c. corcagiensis was determined and is presented here. | 2014 | 24744327 |
| unexpected epilepsy model found in sea lions. | 2014 | 24751837 | |
| cougars' key to survival through the late pleistocene extinction: insights from dental microwear texture analysis. | cougars (puma concolor) are one of only two large cats in north america to have survived the late pleistocene extinction (lpe), yet the specific key(s) to their relative success remains unknown. here, we compare the dental microwear textures of pleistocene cougars with sympatric felids from the la brea tar pits in southern california that went extinct at the lpe (panthera atrox and smilodon fatalis), to clarify potential dietary factors that led to the cougar's persistence through the lpe. we fu ... | 2014 | 24759373 |
| validity and reliability of an online visual-spatial working memory task for self-reliant administration in school-aged children. | working memory is an important predictor of academic performance, and of math performance in particular. most working memory tasks depend on one-to-one administration by a testing assistant, which makes the use of such tasks in large-scale studies time-consuming and costly. therefore, an online, self-reliant visual-spatial working memory task (the lion game) was developed for primary school children (6-12 years of age). in two studies, the validity and reliability of the lion game were investiga ... | 2015 | 24771322 |
| drag, but not buoyancy, affects swim speed in captive steller sea lions. | swimming at an optimal speed is critical for breath-hold divers seeking to maximize the time they can spend foraging underwater. theoretical studies have predicted that the optimal swim speed for an animal while transiting to and from depth is independent of buoyancy, but is dependent on drag and metabolic rate. however, this prediction has never been experimentally tested. our study assessed the effects of buoyancy and drag on the swim speed of three captive steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatu ... | 2014 | 24771620 |
| senile plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in an aged california sea lion (zalophus californianus). | senile plaques (sps) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (caa) consisting of β-amyloid (aβ) are major features in the brain of alzheimer's disease (ad) patients and elderly humans and animals. in this study, we report the finding of sps and caa in an aged sea lion (30 years), which is the first demonstration of ad-related pathological changes in a marine animal. histologically, sps were observed at the cerebral cortex, most frequently at the frontal lobe, with two morphologically different types: th ... | 2014 | 24779910 |
| mucoperiosteal exostoses in the tympanic bulla of african lions (panthera leo). | mucoperiosteal exostoses (mpes) of the tympanic bulla (tb), also referred as middle-ear otoliths, have been occasionally described in dogs and cats in association with clinical signs of otitis media or as an incidental finding, but they have not been recorded in other species. in this report, we describe the radiographic, gross, and histopathologic features of mpes in 8 african lions (panthera leo). all animals (5 males and 3 females) were adults that had been kept in captivity and had their ske ... | 2015 | 24788401 |
| hepatic lesions in 90 captive nondomestic felids presented for autopsy. | hepatic lesions in nondomestic felids are poorly characterized. the purpose of this study was to evaluate hepatic lesions in 90 captive, nondomestic felids including tigers, cougars, and lions. hepatic lesions were histologically characterized as vacuolar change (lipidosis or glycogenosis), biliary cysts, biliary hyperplasia, hepatitis, necrosis, neoplasia, fibrosis, veno-occlusive disease, cholestasis, hematoma, congestion, or hemorrhage. stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed for ... | 2015 | 24788521 |
| occupancy dynamics of south american sea-lions in brazilian haul-outs. | along the brazilian coast only two haul-outs of south american sea lions (otaria flavescens) are known: ilha dos lobos and molhe leste, both located in the southernmost state of brazil, rio grande do sul. most sea lions observed in these haul-outs are adult and sub-adult males. it is supposed that the species' presence in these areas is due to food supply and absence of parental assistance by males. this study analysed the use of these haul-outs by o. flavescens between 1993 and 2002 based on co ... | 2013 | 24789403 |
| diet quality in a wild grazer declines under the threat of an ambush predator. | predators influence prey populations not only through predation itself, but also indirectly through prompting changes in prey behaviour. the behavioural adjustments of prey to predation risk may carry nutritional costs, but this has seldom been studied in the wild in large mammals. here, we studied the effects of an ambush predator, the african lion (panthera leo), on the diet quality of plains zebras (equus quagga) in hwange national park, zimbabwe. we combined information on movements of both ... | 2014 | 24789903 |
| deep-diving sea lions exhibit extreme bradycardia in long-duration dives. | heart rate and peripheral blood flow distribution are the primary determinants of the rate and pattern of oxygen store utilisation and ultimately breath-hold duration in marine endotherms. despite this, little is known about how otariids (sea lions and fur seals) regulate heart rate (fh) while diving. we investigated dive fh in five adult female california sea lions (zalophus californianus) during foraging trips by instrumenting them with digital electrocardiogram (ecg) loggers and time depth re ... | 2014 | 24790100 |
| a discovery of a cave lion (panthera spelaea goldfuss, 1810) skeleton in russia. | 2014 | 24795182 | |
| eye movements reveal the dynamic simulation of speed in language. | this study investigates how speed of motion is processed in language. in three eye-tracking experiments, participants were presented with visual scenes and spoken sentences describing fast or slow events (e.g., the lion ambled/dashed to the balloon). results showed that looking time to relevant objects in the visual scene was affected by the speed of verb of the sentence, speaking rate, and configuration of a supporting visual scene. the results provide novel evidence for the mental simulation o ... | 2014 | 24795958 |
| using landscape and bioclimatic features to predict the distribution of lions, leopards and spotted hyaenas in tanzania's ruaha landscape. | tanzania's ruaha landscape is an international priority area for large carnivores, supporting over 10% of the world's lions and important populations of leopards and spotted hyaenas. however, lack of ecological data on large carnivore distribution and habitat use hinders the development of effective carnivore conservation strategies in this critical landscape. therefore, the study aimed to (i) identify the most significant ecogeographical variables influencing the potential distribution of lions ... | 2014 | 24797792 |
| the effects of birth weight and maternal care on survival of juvenile steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus). | steller sea lions were listed as endangered following a collapse of the western distinct population beginning in the late 1970s. low juvenile survival has been implicated as a factor in the decline. i conducted a multistate mark-recapture analysis to estimate juvenile survival in an area of the western population where sea lions are showing signs of recovery. survival for males and females was 80% between 3 weeks and 1 year of age. approximately 20% of juveniles continued to be nursed by their m ... | 2014 | 24804679 |
| trihalomethanes in marine mammal aquaria: occurrences, sources, and health risks. | disinfecting water containing the high levels of dissolved organic carbon (doc) commonly generated during pinniped husbandry may cause the formation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (dbps). little information is available on dbp levels, sources, and health risks in marine mammal aquaria. using the commonly observed trihalomethanes (thms) as a dbp indicator, we monitored concentrations for seven months at the marine mammal center in sausalito, california, one of the largest pinniped rehabi ... | 2014 | 24805374 |
| isolation of leptospira from a phocid: acute renal failure and mortality from leptospirosis in rehabilitated northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris), california, usa. | during rehabilitation, acute renal failure due to leptospirosis occurred in eight male northern elephant seals (mirounga angustirostris) that stranded along the central california coast in 2011. characteristic histologic lesions including renal tubular degeneration, necrosis, and mineralization, and mild lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis were noted in the six animals examined. immunohistochemistry, bacterial culture, and pcr were positive in 2/3, 2/3, and 3/4 seals, respectively, and 6/8 ... | 2014 | 24807176 |
| recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus and variation in its receptor, the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule, in carnivores. | the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (slam) is a receptor for morbilliviruses. to understand the recent host range expansion of canine distemper virus (cdv) in carnivores, we determined the nucleotide sequences of slams of various carnivores and generated three-dimensional homology slam models. thirty-four amino acid residues were found for the candidates binding to cdv on the interface of the carnivore slams. slam of the domestic dog (canis lupus familiaris) were similar to those of oth ... | 2014 | 24807184 |
| extinction and recolonization of coastal megafauna following human arrival in new zealand. | extinctions can dramatically reshape biological communities. as a case in point, ancient mass extinction events apparently facilitated dramatic new evolutionary radiations of surviving lineages. however, scientists have yet to fully understand the consequences of more recent biological upheaval, such as the megafaunal extinctions that occurred globally over the past 50 kyr. new zealand was the world's last large landmass to be colonized by humans, and its exceptional archaeological record docume ... | 2014 | 24827440 |
| development, comparison, and validation using elisas for the determination of domoic acid in california sea lion body fluids. | mortalities of california sea lions (zalophus californianus) attributed to the neurotoxin domoic acid (da) produced by the diatom pseudo-nitzschia have occurred repeatedly along the u.s. west coast since the late 1990s. quantifying the amount of da in these animals and correlating this information with the presence of da in phytoplankton and the local food web has become a research focus for many scientists. however, differences in materials, equipment, technical capability, budgets, and objecti ... | 2014 | 24830146 |
| effects of toothbrush hardness on in vitro wear and roughness of composite resins. | to investigate and compare the effects of toothbrushes with different hardness on abrasion and surface roughness of composite resins. | 2013 | 24858764 |
| using molecular epidemiology to track toxoplasma gondii from terrestrial carnivores to marine hosts: implications for public health and conservation. | environmental transmission of the zoonotic parasite toxoplasma gondii, which is shed only by felids, poses risks to human and animal health in temperate and tropical ecosystems. atypical t. gondii genotypes have been linked to severe disease in people and the threatened population of california sea otters. to investigate land-to-sea parasite transmission, we screened 373 carnivores (feral domestic cats, mountain lions, bobcats, foxes, and coyotes) for t. gondii infection and examined the distrib ... | 2014 | 24874796 |
| campylobacter corcagiensis sp. nov., isolated from faeces of captive lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). | an investigation of the prevalence of campylobacter ureolyticus in a variety of animals led to the identification of the strain cit 045(t), in the faeces of captive lion-tailed macaques (macaca silenus). originally, believed to be campylobacter ureolyticus based on the colony morphology and positive urease test, analysis of 16s rrna and hsp60 gene sequences of this isolate revealed that the strain differs significantly from other species of the genus campylobacter described to date. species-spec ... | 2014 | 24876239 |
| the effect of organohalogen contaminants on western steller sea lion survival and movement in the russian far east. | the western stock of steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) have experienced dramatic declines since the 1960s, particularly in the western alaskan and asian portions, which have continued to decline or stabilized at low levels. multiple causes for this decline have been proposed and may include anthropogenic contamination from organohalogen contaminants (ocs). these include polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt), which have not been ruled out as a potential c ... | 2014 | 24887189 |
| space use of african wild dogs in relation to other large carnivores. | interaction among species through competition is a principle process structuring ecological communities, affecting behavior, distribution, and ultimately the population dynamics of species. high competition among large african carnivores, associated with extensive diet overlap, manifests in interactions between subordinate african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) and dominant lions (panthera leo) and spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta). using locations of large carnivores in hluhluwe-imfolozi park, south ... | 2014 | 24896638 |
| consistency of individual differences in behaviour of the lion-headed cichlid, steatocranus casuarius. | the development of individual differences in behaviour in a novel environment, in the presence of a strange fish and during aggressive interactions with a mirror-image was studied in the lion-headed cichlid (steatocranus casuarius, teleostei, cichlidae). no consistency in behaviour was found at 4-5.5 months of age. however, behaviours scored in situations involving a discrete source of stress (a strange fish or conspecific) become significantly consistent at the age of 12 months. at 4-5.5 but no ... | 1999 | 24897562 |
| metacognitive-like information seeking in lion-tailed macaques: a generalized search response after all? | previous research has demonstrated that old world primates (both apes and monkeys) seek information about the location of a hidden food item, unless they are privy to the hiding process. this has been cited as evidence of metacognition. however, these results could also be interpreted using non-metacognitive accounts, including a generalized search response to uncertainty, in which subjects reach for food when it is seen, or search for food until it is spotted. in the present research, lion-tail ... | 2014 | 24913068 |
| trophic scaling and occupancy analysis reveals a lion population limited by top-down anthropogenic pressure in the limpopo national park, mozambique. | the african lion (panthera leo) has suffered drastic population and range declines over the last few decades and is listed by the iucn as vulnerable to extinction. conservation management requires reliable population estimates, however these data are lacking for many of the continent's remaining populations. it is possible to estimate lion abundance using a trophic scaling approach. however, such inferences assume that a predator population is subject only to bottom-up regulation, and are thus l ... | 2014 | 24914934 |
| predictive equations for the estimation of body size in seals and sea lions (carnivora: pinnipedia). | body size plays an important role in pinniped ecology and life history. however, body size data is often absent for historical, archaeological, and fossil specimens. to estimate the body size of pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) for today and the past, we used 14 commonly preserved cranial measurements to develop sets of single variable and multivariate predictive equations for pinniped body mass and total length. principal components analysis (pca) was used to test whether separate fam ... | 2014 | 24916814 |
| heading for the hills: risk avoidance drives den site selection in african wild dogs. | compared to their main competitors, african wild dogs (lycaon pictus) have inferior competitive abilities and interspecific competition is a serious fitness-limiting factor. lions (panthera leo) are the dominant large carnivore in african savannah ecosystems and wild dogs avoid them both spatially and temporally. wild dog young are particularly vulnerable and suffer high rates of mortality from lions. since lions do not utilize all parts of the landscape with an equal intensity, spatial variatio ... | 2014 | 24918935 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of a asian lion (panthera leo goojratensis). | the entire mitochondrial genome of this asian lion (panthera leo goojratensis) was 17,183 bp in length, gene composition and arrangement conformed to other lions, which contained the typical structure of 22 trnas, 2 rrnas, 13 protein-coding genes and a non-coding region. the characteristic of the mitochondrial genome was analyzed in detail. | 2016 | 24937568 |
| landscape suitability in botswana for the conservation of its six large african carnivores. | wide-ranging large carnivores often range beyond the boundaries of protected areas into human-dominated areas. mapping out potentially suitable habitats on a country-wide scale and identifying areas with potentially high levels of threats to large carnivore survival is necessary to develop national conservation action plans. we used a novel approach to map and identify these areas in botswana for its large carnivore guild consisting of lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus), spotted hyae ... | 2014 | 24949735 |
| determination of hip-joint loading patterns of living and extinct mammals using an inverse wolff's law approach. | it is well known that bone adapts its microstructure in response to loading. based on this form-follows-function relationship, we previously developed a reverse approach to derive joint loads from bone microstructure as acquired with micro-computed tomography. here, we challenge this approach by calculating hip-joint loading patterns for human and dog, two species exhibiting different locomotion, and comparing them to in vivo measurements. as a proof of concept to use the approach also for extin ... | 2015 | 24952222 |
| interactions of marine mammals and birds with offshore membrane enclosures for growing algae (omega). | omega is an integrated aquatic system to produce biofuels, treat and recycle wastewater, capture co2, and expand aquaculture production. this system includes floating photobioreactors (pbrs) that will cover hundreds of hectares in marine bays. to assess the interactions of marine mammals and birds with pbrs, 9 × 1.3 m flat panel and 9.5 × 0.2 m tubular pbrs were deployed in a harbor and monitored day and night from october 10, 2011 to janurary 22, 2012 using infrared video. to observe interactio ... | 2014 | 24955238 |
| wildland fire management and air quality in the southern sierra nevada: using the lion fire as a case study with a multi-year perspective on pm(2.5) impacts and fire policy. | management of fire is an important and controversial policy issue. active fire suppression has led to a backlog of fuels, limited the ecological benefits of fire, and reduced short-term smoke impacts likely delaying these emissions to future generations over a larger spatial extent. smoke impacts can be expected to increase as fire size and intensity increase and the fuel backlog is consumed; whether through reintroduction of fire under desirable conditions or through stand replacing fire. land ... | 2014 | 24973615 |