Publications

glucose oxidase from penicillium amagasakiense. primary structure and comparison with other glucose-methanol-choline (gmc) oxidoreductases.	the complete amino acid sequence of glucose oxidase from penicillium amagasakiense was determined by edman degradation and mass spectrometry of peptide fragments derived from three different specific proteolytic digests and a cyanogen bromide cleavage. the complete sequence of each monomer comprises 587 amino acid residues, contains three cysteine residues, and seven potential n-glycosylation sites, of which at least five were confirmed to be glycosylated. glucose oxidase from p. amagasakiense s ...	1998	9523716
research on potentially bioactive aza and thiaza polycyclic compounds containing a bridgehead nitrogen atom. synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzothiazines, part 2.	acid catalyzed cyclization reactions of both 3-alkyl- and 3-aryl-substituted n-(2,2-dialkoxyethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-1,4-benzothiazines (2) lead to 2,3-dihydro-pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzothiazines (3). the pyrrolobenzothiazine structure was deduced on the basis of 2d 1h nmr-noesy experiments and fully determined by x-ray data. compounds 3a-c showed poor antibacterial activity. however, the 3-phenyl-n-(2,2-dimethoxyethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2h-1,4-benzothiazine (2b') showed antifungal activity against aspe ...	1998	9525089
molecular cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of the vaoa gene from penicillium simplicissimum cbs 170.90 encoding vanillyl-alcohol oxidase.	the cdna encoding vanillyl-alcohol oxidase (ec 1.1.3.7) was selected from a cdna library constructed from mrna isolated from penicillium simplicissimum cbs 170.90 grown on veratryl alcohol by immunochemical screening. the vaoa-cdna nucleotide sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1680 base pairs encoding a 560-amino acid protein with a deduced mass of 62,915 da excluding the covalently bound fad. the deduced primary structure shares 31% sequence identity with the 8alpha-(o-tyrosyl)-fad cont ...	1998	9525880
cellular accumulation, localization, and activity of a synthetic cyclopeptamine in fungi.	a novel synthetic cyclopeptamine, a172013, rapidly accumulated by passive diffusion into candida albicans cch442. drug influx could not be totally facilitated by the membrane-bound target, beta-(1,3)-glucan synthase, since accumulation was unsaturable at drug concentrations up to 10 microg/ml (about 1.6 x 10(-7) molecules/cell), or 25x mic. about 55 and 23% of the cell-incorporated drug was associated with the cell wall and protoplasts, respectively. isolated microsomes contained 95% of the prot ...	1998	9527791
[the spontaneous variability of populations of fungal strains in the genus aspergillus--producers of allergen-active substances].	the method of genetic selection has been used for obtaining the fungal cultures of aspergillus strains, producers of allergen-active substances. the natural variability of populations of a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. clavatus strains as regards the intensity of conidia germination has been studied. these fungal species are the etiological agents of mycotic lesions of the body in cases of immunodeficiency. as the result of this study, 3 aspergillus species, stable as regards the intensity of conidia ...	1998	9532691
the glycoprotein character of multiple forms of aspergillus polygalacturonase.	comparisons of known primary structures of polygalacturonases show that extent and localization of potential n-glycosylation sites differ. some sites are similar in position and adjacent to strictly conserved residues at the potential active site. the presence of n-acetylglucosamine and mannose in the molecules of two homogeneous, major aspergillus sp. polygalacturonase forms was confirmed by ir spectroscopy. the purification method, based on interaction of the carbohydrate part with concanavali ...	1998	9535279
identification, cloning and sequence of the aspergillus niger area wide domain regulatory gene controlling nitrogen utilisation.	the gene encoding the positive-acting regulator of nitrogen metabolite repression (area) has been cloned and characterised from the industrially important filamentous fungus aspergillus niger. the deduced amino acid sequence has an overall level of identity with its homologues from other fungal species which varies between 32 and 72%. this gene (areanig) complements the a. nidulans arear-18 loss-of-function mutation. sequences upstream of the structural gene contain several putative gata-type zi ...	1998	9540832
new imidazole alkaloids and zinc complexes from the micronesian sponge leucetta cf. chagosensis.	four new imidazole alkaloids, 2-5, along with the known isonaamidine b (1) were isolated from a pacific sponge, leucetta cf. chagosensis, collected from yap, federated states of micronesia. among these, 4 and 5 are zinc complexes derived from isonaamidine b and isonaamidine d. the structures of the new compounds were elucidated from spectral data. isonaamidine d (3) showed weakly antifungal activity against aspergillus niger with mic = 100 micrograms/ml.	1998	9544567
molecular cloning and transcriptional regulation of the aspergillus nidulans xlnd gene encoding a beta-xylosidase.	the xlnd gene encoding the 85-kda beta-xylosidase was cloned from aspergillus nidulans. the deduced primary structure of the protein exhibits considerable similarity to the primary structures of the aspergillus niger and trichoderma reesei beta-xylosidases and some similarity to the primary structures of the class 3 beta-glucosidases. xlnd is regulated at the transcriptional level; it is induced by xylan and d-xylose and is repressed by d-glucose. glucose repression is mediated by the product of ...	1998	9546179
characterization of galactosidases from aspergillus niger: purification of a novel alpha-galactosidase activity.	an enzyme with beta-galactosidase activity and three proteins exhibiting alpha-galactosidase activity were purified from a culture filtrate of aspergillus niger grown on arabinoxylan. beta-galactosidase, optimally active at ph 4 and 60-65 degrees c, was active against p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside, lactose, and pectic galactan. it was not able to release galactose from sugar beet pectin or lemon pectin. its action on pectic galactan was increased by the presence of beta-galactanase. the ...	1998	9549105
the roles of the basic residues in the prosegment of aspergillopepsinogen i.		1998	9561225
aspergillus niger acid proteinase a. structure and function.		1998	9561230
substrate specificity of non-pepsin-type acid proteinase, aspergillus niger proteinase a.		1998	9561240
biotransformation of linalool to furanoid and pyranoid linalool oxides by aspergillus niger.	biotransformation of (+/-)-linalool with submerged shaking cultures of aspergillus niger, particularly a. niger atcc 9142, yielded a mixture of cis- and trans-furanoid linalool oxide (yield 15-24%) and cis- and trans-pyranoid linalool oxide (yield 5-9%). biotransformation of (r)-(-)-linalool with the same strain yielded almost pure trans-furanoid and trans-pyranoid linalool oxide (ee > 95). these conversions were purely biocatalytic, since in acidified water (ph < 3.5) almost 50% linalool was re ...	1998	9564732
effects of synthetic hydroxy isothiocyanates on microbial systems.	hydroxy isothiocyanates (itcs), including some new derivatives of naturally occurring compounds, were synthesized and their minimum inhibitory, minimum fungicidal, and minimum bactericidal concentrations for aspergillus niger, aspergillus fumigatus, staphylococcus aureus, and escherichia coli were estimated. these compounds were strongly antimicrobial; for example, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl itc inhibited growth of all strains examined at concentrations of 7.8 to 15.6 micrograms/ml. the atp conce ...	1998	9571778
alkaline phosphatase activatable polymeric cross-linkers and their use in the stabilization of proteins.	we report the synthesis of polymeric cross-linking agents, poly(glutamic acid) poly(phosphorothioates), and their use in the cross-linking and stabilization of proteins upon treatment with alkaline phosphatase. we have shown that poly(phosphorothioates) are excellent substrates of alkaline phosphatase, yielding thiolated polymers which react covalently with electrophilic groups introduced into the proteins. three proteins of different structure and function were cross-linked using this method: c ...	1998	9576814
isolation and characterization of an evolutionary precursor of human monoamine oxidases a and b.	an interesting flavoprotein-type monoamine oxidase (mao) was recently isolated from aspergillus niger and cloned [schilling, b. & lerch, k. (1995a) biochim. biophys. acta 1243, 529-537; schilling, b. & lerch, k. (1995b) mol. gen. genet. 247, 430-438]. the properties of this mao, as well as a substantial part of its amino acid sequence, resemble those of both mao a and b from higher animals, raising the possibility that it may be an evolutionary precursor of these mitochondrial enzymes. it differ ...	1998	9578486
use of resistant mutants to characterize the target of mycobacillin in aspergillus niger membranes.	the mycobacillin-sensitive aspergillus niger strain g3br and resistant mutants of it did not show any differences in their total lipid content, although the amounts of phospholipids and sterols, particularly phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol, were lower in resistant cells. mycobacillin resistance was accompanied by an increase in the phase-transition temperature of plasma membrane preparations. when exposed to mycobacillin, resistant and sensitive cells did not differ qualitatively with respec ...	1998	9579085
in vitro activity of two echinocandin derivatives, ly303366 and mk-0991 (l-743,792), against clinical isolates of aspergillus, fusarium, rhizopus, and other filamentous fungi.	ly303366 and mk-0991 (previously l-743,792) are new echinocandin derivatives with excellent broad-spectrum antifungal activity. we investigated the in vitro activity of ly303366, mk-0991, itraconazole, amnphotericin b, and 5-flucytosine against 51 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi, including aspergillus flavus (10), a. fumigatus (12), fusarium spp. (13), rhizopus spp. (6), pseudallescheria boydii (5), and one isolate each of acremonium spp., a. niger, a terreus, paecilomyces spp., and trich ...	1998	9582584
microbial transformations of hypolipemic e-guggulsterone.	biotransformation of e-guggulsterone (pregna-4,17(20)-cis-diene-3,16-dione) (1) by aspergillus niger resulted in the formation of four new hydroxyl derivatives identified as 7 beta-hydroxypregna- 4,17(20)-trans-diene-3,16-dione (2), 7 beta-hydroxypregna-4,17(20)-cis-diene-3,16-dione (3), 7 beta- hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,16-dione (4), and 7 beta,15 beta-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,16-dione (5). the biotransformation of 1 with cephalosporium aphidicola also resulted in the formation of four new steroidal d ...	1998	9584395
[fungal infection of human organs by resistant melanin-synthesizing species is one of the pathogenic factors and one of the real consequences of the accident at chernobyl power plant].	free radical melanin centers have been detected in the cell concentrate of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) of liquidator of chernobyl npp accident. to identify the nature of these centers the epr technique and the fluorescent technique were used to study bal of liquidators with lung chronic pathology, their blood, blood components as well as model melanin- and lipofuscin-containing systems: synthetic dopa-melanin, human melanosome, human lipofuscin, human melanolipofuscin. i besides that we have in ...	1997	9599625
effect of gamma irradiation on the production of cell wall degrading enzymes by aspergillus niger.	fungi occurring in egyptian fruits in the city of qena were studied. results from the examination of 25 replicated samples of plums, pears and apples are reported. examinations were carried out by direct plating after surface disinfection in a 0.5% (w/v) calcium hypochlorite solution on czapek's-dox agar. the dominant fungus found in the three types of fruit was aspergillus niger, which was present in 88% of plum samples, 80% of pear samples and all of the apple samples. the lowest dose of gamma ...	1998	9600619
metabolism of carbofuran by aspergillus niger and fusarium graminearum.	metabolism of carbofuran in pure liquid cultures of a. niger and f. graminearum was investigated. carbofuran and its metabolites were analyzed by hplc and tlc. the average recoveries of carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, and 3-ketocarbofuran phenol from fungi media were found to be 88.65, 86.19, 75.48, and 80.48%, while their detection limits were 0.035, 0.031, 0.015 and 0.140 ppm, respectively. the data showed that a. niger was capable of degrading carbofuran more faster than f. ...	1998	9604338
substrate specificities of alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases produced by two species of aspergillus niger.	precise substrate specificities of alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases from aspergillus niger 5-16 and aspergillus niger (megazyme) were investigated. both enzymes hydrolyzed arabinan and debranched-arabinan at almost the same rate. the alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase from a. niger (megazyme) preferentially released arabinosyl side-chains of arabinan. the enzyme tore off both arabinoses attached to o-alpha-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1-->3)-o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1--> 4)-d-xylopyranose and o-beta-d-xylopyranosyl- ...	1998	9614699
secretion, purification, and characterisation of barley alpha-amylase produced by heterologous gene expression in aspergillus niger.	efficient production of recombinant barley alpha-amylase has been achieved in aspergillus niger. the cdna encoding alpha-amylase isozyme 1 (amy1) and its signal peptide was placed under the control of the aspergillus nidulans glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) promoter and the a. nidulans trpc gene terminator. secretion yields up to 60 mg/l were obtained in media optimised for alpha-amylase activity and low protease activity. the recombinant amy1 (reamy1) was purified to homogeneity ...	1998	9615479
secretion of the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin by recombinant strains of aspergillus niger var. awamori.	a recombinant form of the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin has been produced in the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger var. awamori. expression cassettes containing a synthetic gene encoding thaumatin ii were prepared and used to transform aspergillus niger var. awamori strain nrrl312. several fungal strains capable of synthesizing and secreting thaumatin into the culture medium were generated, and their production capabilities were determined, first in shake flasks and later in a laboratory fe ...	1998	9615480
an efficient and optimized purification procedure for the superoxide dismutase from aspergillus niger. partial characterization of the purified enzyme.	cu,zn-superoxide dismutase was isolated from aspergillus niger mycelia, harvested at the mid-logarithmic growth phase. the purification scheme aimed at the optimization of the ethanol/chloroform extraction (tsuchihashi extraction) through response surface methodology. upon optimum extraction conditions, it was possible to obtain electrophoretically pure enzyme preparations, by the application of one step anion exchange chromatography. the enzyme yield of this simple purification procedure was ab ...	1997	9615612
biovolatilization of antimony and sudden infant death syndrome (sids).	1. the aerobic filamentous fungus s. brevicaulis imi 17297 methylated antimony from sb2o3 substrate, with the formation of gaseous trimethylantimony (tma). no evidence was found for the generation of other gaseous antimony compounds by this organism. 2. biovolatilization of inorganic antimony was greatest during cultivation of the fungus on solid media at 25 degrees c, and occurred more readily from antimony (iii) substrates than from antimony (v) substrates. 3. under simulated cot environment c ...	1998	9617636
platinum-catalyzed enzyme electrodes immobilized on gold using self-assembled layers.	the bonding of enzymes to self-assembled monolayers (sams) of alkanethiols onto gold electrode surfaces is exploited to produce an enzyme biosensor. the attachment of glucose oxidase to a sam of 3-mercaptopropionic acid was achieved using carbodiimide coupling. the resultant biosensor showed good sensitivity to glucose and a large dynamic range when measured amperometrically via the p-benzoquinone mediator. on the other hand, subsequent platinization of the enzyme-sam electrode allowed hydrogen ...	1998	9624910
use of hemicellulose hydrolysate for beta-glucosidase fermentation.	hydrolysis of cellulose by trichoderma cellulases often results in a mixture of glucose, cellobiose, and low-mol-wt cellodextrins. cellobiose is nonfermentable for most yeasts, and therefore it has to be hydrolyzed to glucose by beta-glucosidase prior to ethanol fermentation. in the present study, the beta-glucosidase production of one penicillium and three aspergillus strains, which were previously selected out of 24 strains, was investigated on steam pretreated willow. both steam-pretreated wi ...	1998	9627384
hydrolysis of cellulose using ternary mixtures of purified cellulases.	the saccharification of microcrystalline cellulose by reconstituted ternary mixtures of purified cellulases (one endoglucanase and two cellobiohydrolases) has been studied over the entire range of mixture compositions. ternary plots are used to compare the performance of five synthetic mixtures drawn from the cellulase systems of acidothermus cellulolyticus, trichoderma reesei, thermomonospora fusca, and thermotoga neapolitana. results reveal that at least one synthetic mixture utilizing enzymes ...	1998	9627391
batch foam fractionation of kudzu (pueraria lobata) vine retting solution.	the aqueous protein solution from kudzu (pueraria lobata) vine retting broth, without the addition of other surfactants, was foam-fractionated in a vertical tubular column with multiple sampling ports. time-varying trajectories of the total protein levels were determined to describe the protein behavior at six positions along the 1-m column. the lowest two trajectories of this batch process represented a loss of proteins from the bulk liquid and tended to merge and decay together in time; the ot ...	1998	9627395
soybeans transformed with a fungal phytase gene improve phosphorus availability for broilers.	male broilers (n = 416) were used to compare the efficacy of providing dietary phytase either as a commercial supplement or as a recombinant protein in transformed soybean. from 7 to 21 d of age, broilers were fed a basal diet containing 0.20% nonphytate p (np) with additional supplementation by fungal phytase as natuphos or as raw transformed soybeans expressing recombinant phytase at 400, 800, or 1,200 u/kg. for comparison, broilers were also fed the basal diet containing 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24 a ...	1998	9628538
susceptibility of aspergillus strains from culture collections to amphotericin b and itraconazole.	susceptibility testing of 27 aspergillus reference strains belonging to five species was performed using the microdilution broth method with yeast nitrogen broth and rpmi-1640. similar results were found using the two media. the strains of aspergillus fumigatus (n = 8) and aspergillus niger (n = 4) had mics of amphotericin b in the range 0.125-0.5 mg/l. in contrast, nine out of 13 strains of aspergillus flavus and aspergillus nidulans had mics in the range 2-16 mg/l. all strains had mics of itra ...	1998	9630411
effect of osmotic stress on glucose oxidase production and secretion by aspergillus niger.	a mycelium of aspergillus niger was cultured under various osmotic stresses. when fungus was cultured under osmotic stress, total catalase activity increased with increasing concentration of nacl, up 0.4 m, but glucose oxidase under this condition significantly decreased. mycelial growth was repressed with increased media osmolarity. to release periplasmic glucose oxidase 72-h old mycelium was suspended on a concentrated solution of nacl (0.4-2.8 m/l). the highest yield of god activity was obtai ...	1998	9637011
synthesis, antimicrobial activity and bleaching effect of some reaction products of 4-oxo-4h-benzopyran-3-carboxaldehydes with aminobenzothiazoles and hydrazides.	the synthesis of the biologically active novel systems derived from reaction of 3-formylchromones with three types of amino derivatives, 6-r2-2-aminobenzothiazoles, 6-amino-2-r3-thiobenzothiazoles and hydrazide derivatives (derived from cyanoacetic, isonicotine, salicylic and gallic acids) was carried out. the structures of the prepared compounds have been proved by elemental analysis, 1h nmr and ir spectra. antimicrobial activity was studied against the following microorganisms--bacteria g+ (st ...	1998	9639869
prevalence of otomycosis in malnourished children in edo state, nigeria.	out of the total number at 200 suspected cases of otomycoses consisting of 40 malnourished and 160 apparently healthy children examined in this study between the months of july and august in edo state, 64 cases (32%) were identified to be of fungal aetiology on the basis of positive culture and careful microscopic examination. the state at protein energy malnourishment was deterwined using physicians' comments in their case files. the fungal agents isolated were aspergillus niger 28 (43.8%); a. ...	1997	9646512
insecticidal and antifungal activities of aminorhodanine derivatives.	aminorhodanine (1) showed strong insecticidal activity against culex pipiens pallens and musca domestica, with respective ld50 values of 0.21 microgram/insect and 0.87 microgram/insect. compound 1 had antifungal activity against aspergillus niger atcc-16404, trichophyton mentagrophytes ifo-32412, candida albicans atcc-10231, hansenula anomala ops-308 and penicillium expansum ifo-8800. in particular, 1 had potent antifungal activity against aspergillus niger atcc-16404, its minimal inhibitory con ...	1998	9648238
chemoenzymatic synthesis of the branched oligosaccharides which correspond to the core structures of n-linked sugar chains.	synthetic routes are described to a partial structure common to all high mannose-type sugar chains and complex-type sugar chains based on a chemoenzymatic strategy which incorporates, (a) enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharide blocks using glycosidases, and (b) chemical synthesis of the branching oligosaccharides via regioselective coupling. all reaction products correspond to key intermediates necessary for the construction of n-linked oligosaccharides and we have synthesized the branched tetra ...	1997	9648259
structure, function and protein engineering of starch-degrading enzymes.		1998	9649747
identification of active site residues in a ferulic acid esterase (fae-iii) from aspergillus niger.		1998	9649839
three distinct ferulic acid esterases produced by aspergillus niger have specificities for different phenolic-sugar linkages in plant cell walls.		1998	9649842
enzymic hydrolysis of diferulates from wheat bran cell walls.		1998	9649843
biotransformation of shiromodiol diacetate, myli-4(15)-en-9-one and myliol by aspergillus niger.	microbiol biotransformation of shiromodiol diacetate from neolitsea serisea koids, and of myli-4(15)-en-9-one and myliol from the liverwort mylia taylorii, were carried out with aspergillus niger ifo 4407. a. niger hydroxylated the allyl position (c-2) of shiromodiol diacetate, and one of the geminal dimethyl groups of myli-4(15)-en-9-one and myliol regioselectively. the structures of these transformants were elucidated by spectral analysis and confirmed by x-ray analysis.	1998	9654775
[a case of secondary invasive pulmonary aspergillosis originating from an aspergilloma, successfully treated with itraconazole].	a 65-year-old man was admitted to our division with of productive cough and hemosputum. chest radiographs and chest ct on admission showed old inflammatory shadows in both upper lung fields and a fungus ball in the left upper lung field. despite antibiotic treatment, the patient's sputum volume increased and aspergillus niger was repeatedly cultured from his sputum. chest radiographs showed deterioration around the intracavitary fungus ball and a test for serum aspergillus antigen was positive. ...	1998	9656680
otitis externa--the clinical pattern in a tertiary institution in singapore.	otitis externa is a common condition in the tropics. most of the data related to the condition have arisen from western sources. locally, the aetiology and the pathogens identified have not been systematically studied. a prospective study involving 107 patients was conducted. otomycosis was frequently encountered. coagulase negative staphylococcus and aspergillus niger were the most common bacteria and fungus cultured respectively. gentamicin and polymyxin b were the most effective topical agent ...	1998	9663313
carboxy-group modification: high-temperature activation of charge-neutralized and charge-reversed beta-glucosidases from aspergillus niger.	purified beta-glucosidase from aspergillus niger niab280 was chemically modified by l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl-aminopropyl)-carbodi-imide (edc) in the presence of glycinamide (gam) as nucleophile under various conditions to study the role of carboxy groups in the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. beta-glucosidase was inactivated by the binding of one mol of edc per mol of the enzyme with a second-order rate constant of 4.77 x 10(-2) mm min-1. glucose, as competitive inhibitor, partly protected the ...	1998	9664679
structure-activity relationships of new aranorosin analogs to antifungal activity.		1998	9666184
bioelectrochemical monitoring of phenols and aromatic amines in flow injection using novel plant peroxidases.	an amperometric flow system combined with a glucose oxidase-mutarotase reactor was optimized and used to determine aromatic amines and phenols using peroxidase-modified graphite electrodes. an increase in currents upon injection of the analyzed substrate was shown to be approximated by a michaelis-menten type dependence. the detection limit was calculated as 3 times the noise, and the sensitivity was calculated as imax/k(m)app. commercially available horseradish peroxidase was compared with toba ...	1998	9666727
thermodynamics of binding of heterobidentate ligands consisting of spacer-connected acarbose and beta-cyclodextrin to the catalytic and starch-binding domains of glucoamylase from aspergillus niger shows that the catalytic and starch-binding sites are in close proximity in space.	the binding to glucoamylase 1 from aspergillus niger (ga1) of a series of four synthetic heterobidentate ligands of acarbose and beta-cyclodextrin (beta-cd) linked together has been studied by isothermal titration calorimetry. ga1 consists of a catalytic and a starch-binding domain (sbd) connected by a heavily o-glycosylated linker region. acarbose is a strong inhibitor of glucoamylase and binds exclusively in the catalytic site, while the cyclic starch mimic beta-cd binds exclusively to the two ...	1998	9671514
characterization of the subsite structure of the beta-glucosidase from aspergillus niger, an aspect of the mechanism of carbohydrate recognition.	steady-state kinetics on the reaction catalyzed by the beta-glucosidase of aspergillus niger were carried out to evaluate the kinetic parameters, km and ko, for phenyl beta-d-glucosides. the ko/km values, which may relate to productive binding at subsites, were found to correlate with the substituent constant pi (hydrophobicity), suggesting that subsite 2 has a hydrophobic character. a "hydrophobic-driven" mechanism is considered to contribute to the productive e-s complex for recognition of the ...	1998	9675361
cloning, characterization, and targeted disruption of cpcat1, coding for an in planta secreted catalase of claviceps purpurea.	claviceps purpurea has been shown to secrete catalases in axenic and parasitic culture. in order to determine the importance of these enzymes in the host-parasite interaction, especially their role in overcoming oxidative stress imposed on the pathogen by the plant's defense system, the catr gene from a. niger was used to isolate a putative catalase gene from a genomic library of c. purpurea, cpcat1 consists of an open reading frame of 2,148 bp that is interrupted by five introns. its derived ge ...	1998	9675893
pigweed (amaranthus retroflexus) toxicosis in cattle.	four of approximately 15 dry cows introduced on a 10-acre fescue-clover-orchard grass-dallis grass pasture in east tennessee became recumbent. clinical findings included depression, muscle tremors, increased heart and respiratory rates, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperkalemia, azotemia, and elevated creatinine phosphokinase. three cows recovered; 1 died. differential diagnoses considered were hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, rabies and toxicoses from amaranthus retroflexus (pigweed), quercus spp ...	1998	9682407
in situ detection of protein-dna interactions in filamentous fungi by in vivo footprinting.	the method described here allows the detection of protein-dna interactions in vivo in filamentous fungi. we outline culture conditions and conditions of in vivo methylation that permit uniform modification of all cells in an apically growing, non-uniform organism, and subsequent visualization of protected areas by ligation-mediated pcr.	1998	9685506
purification of extracellular catalase from aspergillus niger.	the extracellular catalase (ec 1.11.1.6) produced by aspergillus niger culture in 5-liter fermentor was isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on deae sepharose (fast flow) column, hydrophobic interaction on phenyl-sepharose column and chromatofocusing on pbe 94 column. some physico-chemical properties of two purified catalase forms were also determined (molecular weight, isolelectric point, polysaccharides contents, km, and ea).	1998	9691429
[intralobar sequestration associated with pulmonary aspergillosis].	a 49-year-old man with a cough productive of black sputum was admitted to our hospital. a chest ct scan was done. cystic, estatic changes, and intra-capsula fluid surrounding an enhanced wall in the right s10 were seen. aspergillus niger was detected by sputum culture. aortic angiography showed that an aberrant artery originated from the inferior diaphragmatic artery and penetrated the right s10. the preoperative diagnosis was lung sequestration associated with aspergillosis. the operative proce ...	1998	9691650
peroxidase production in vitro by armoracia lapathifolia (horseradish)-transformed root cultures: effect of elicitation on level and profile of isoenzymes.	transformed roots of armoracia lapathifolia (horseradish) were established by infection with agrobacterium rhizogenes lba 9402. they were used as a culture system in vitro for peroxidase production in vitro, to avoid many of the problems that affect the traditional production from field-grown species of armoracia sp. the time course of growth of these cultures showed that total peroxidase attained maximum levels at the end of the exponential growth phase. at this stage of culture, elicitation as ...	1998	9693086
[the correlation between tissue injury and calcium oxalate crystal production in rat's lung with experimental aspergillus niger infection].	it is well known that calcium oxalate crystals (crystal) are commonly found in aspergillus niger (a. niger) infection site. however, there have been no pathological reports of crystal production and tissue injury using an animal model. i experienced a case with pulmonary aspergilloma and infiltration shadow of the lung that i guessed resulted in crystal-induced inflammation. i performed animal experiments to investigate the possibility of crystals to cause tissue injury. two different types of i ...	1998	9695473
isolation of mutants deficient in acetyl-coa synthetase and a possible regulator of acetate induction in aspergillus niger.	acetate-non-utilizing mutants in aspergillus niger were selected by resistance to 1.2% propionate in the presence of 0.1% glucose. mutants showing normal morphology fell into two complementation groups. one class of mutant lacked acetyl-coa synthetase but had high levels of isocitrate lyase, while the second class showed reduced levels of both acetyl-coa synthetase and isocitrate lyase compared to the wild-type strain. by analogy with mutants selected by resistance to 1.2% propionate in aspergil ...	1998	9695922
concentration and purification of beta-glucosidase from aspergillus niger by using aqueous two-phase partitioning.	the extracellular enzyme beta-glucosidase, present in a culture filtrate and produced by aspergillus niger, was concentrated up to 700 times by two-phase partitioning. the two-phase systems were achieved by dissolving dextran and poly(ethylene glycol) in the culture filtrate in such proportions that the lower phase, containing the enzyme, consisted of a very small volume compared with the upper phase. the enzyme had high affinity for the lower phase when the system contained 100 mm kscn at ph 8. ...	1998	9699985
wide-spectrum antibiotic activity of synthetic, amphipathic peptides.	pgya and pgaa are synthetic, amphipathic, alpha-helical peptides that were designed using a novel "sequence template" approach. their antimicrobial activity was tested against several pathogenic clinical isolates, most of which were multiply resistant to conventional antibiotics. pgya appeared to be more active towards gram-positive species (mic = 0.5-4 microm), towards such gram negative species as p. aeruginosa, x. maltophilia, e. coli, k. pneumoniae and s. enteritidis (mic = 1.4 microm), and ...	1998	9705857
microbial inhibitory properties and stability of topotecan hydrochloride injection.	the viability of five microorganisms in topotecan 1 mg/ml (as the hydrochloride salt) in sterile water and the stability of the drug were studied. duplicate portions of topotecan 1 mg/ml were inoculated with escherichia coli. the process was repeated for pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, candida albicans, and aspergillus niger. samples were removed from each solution initially and after 6, 16, and 24 hours and 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of incubation at 20-25 degrees c. to test stabi ...	1998	9706184
effects of modified atmosphere packaging and preservatives on the shelf-life of high moisture prunes and raisins.	the growth of aspergillus niger and zygosaccharomyces rouxii on high moisture prunes and raisins in the presence of preservatives and packed under modified atmospheres was determined. prunes and raisins adjusted to an aw of 0.84-0.87 in the presence of carbon dioxide atmospheres (40 and 80% co2) did not support growth of a. niger. however, z. rouxii spoiled the fruit samples, both in air and under co2 conditions. addition of low levels of k-sorbate (186 ppm in prunes and 153 ppm in raisins) or n ...	1998	9706785
inhibition of aspergillus niger and aspergillus flavus by some herbs and spices.	the inhibitory effect of water-soluble extracts of garlic bulbs, green garlic, green onions, hot peppers, ginger, chinese parsley, and basil on the growth of aspergillus niger and aspergillus flavus was examined. garlic bulbs, green garlic, and green onions showed an inhibitory effect against these two fungi. the influence of heat, acid, and salt upon the inhibitory effect of these three herbs was further studied. increasing the temperature from 60 to 100 degrees c resulted in a significant (p < ...	1998	9708267
a role for srp54 during intron bridging of small introns with pyrimidine tracts upstream of the branch point.	one of the earliest steps in pre-mrna recognition involves binding of the splicing factor u2 snrnp auxiliary factor (u2af or mud2 in saccharomyces cerevisiae) to the 3' splice site region. u2af interacts with a number of other proteins, including members of the serine/arginine (sr) family of splicing factors as well as splicing factor 1 (sf1 or branch point bridging protein in s. cerevisiae), thereby participating in bridging either exons or introns. in vertebrates, the binding site for u2af is ...	1998	9710626
comparison of glycosylation patterns of phytase from aspergillus niger (a. ficuum) nrrl 3135 and recombinant phytase.	the glycosylation patterns of phytase (e c 3.1.3.8) from aspergillus niger nrrl 3135 with recombinant phytase from a. niger van tieghem were compared. the following characteristics were studied: size of the whole molecule, type of linkage (n-linked or o-linked oligosaccharide), profile (number of different type of oligosaccharides present), monosaccharide composition, their order, and configuration. the molecular weights of both glycoproteins, after deglycosylation, was approximately 55 kda as d ...	1998	9710894
allylamine type xanthone antimycotics.	a number of xanthone derivatives bearing the basic chain of naftifine and butenafine antimycotics in 1, 2, 3, and 4 nuclear positions are described. the in vitro antifungal activity against representative strains of molds and yeasts is reported. only butenafine xanthone analogues show significant activity against cryptococcus neoformans, in particular the regioisomer 4d (1.5 micrograms/ml).	1998	9713256
an alpha-l-fucosidase from penicillium multicolor as a candidate enzyme for the synthesis of alpha (1-->3)-linked fucosyl oligosaccharides by transglycosylation.	a new alpha-l-fucosidase was partially purified from the culture broth of penicillium multicolor, which was available commercially as a freeze dried powder by the name of lactase-p. this enzyme catalysed the transglycosylation of fucose residue of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-fucopyranoside to give alpha-l-fuc-(1-->3)-d-glc or alpha-l-fuc-(1-->3)-d-glcnac regioselectively. this enzyme was more stable in the organic co-solvents than the alpha-fucosidase from aspergillus niger, which was also proposed pr ...	1998	9720243
excited-state dynamics of fully reduced flavins and flavoenzymes studied at subpicosecond time resolution.	the photophysics of the fully reduced states of a number of flavins (flavin mononucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide and 3-n-methyllumiflavin) and flavoenzymes (glucose oxidase from aspergillus niger and the flavodehydrogenase component isolated from flavocytochrome b2) was studied using subpicosecond laser excitation at lambda = 312 nm. the prompt transient absorption spectra (measured from 400 to 850 nm) were all closely similar in the case of the free flavins in aqueous solution. the decay ...	1998	9723208
allergy to aspergillus-derived enzymes in the baking industry: identification of beta-xylosidase from aspergillus niger as a new allergen (asp n 14).	aspergillus-derived enzymes are used in dough improvers in bakeries. some of these enzymes are identified as causing ige-mediated sensitization in up to 25% of bakers with workplace-related symptoms.	1998	9723670
structure and evolution of parallel beta-helix proteins.	three bacterial pectate lyases, a pectin lyase from aspergillus niger, the structures of rhamnogalacturonase a from aspergillus aculeatus, rgase a, and the p22-phage tailspike protein, tsp, display the right-handed parallel beta-helix architecture first seen in pectate lyase. the lyases have 7 complete coils while rgase a and tsp have 11 and 12, respectively. each coil contains three beta-strands and three turn regions named pb1, t1, pb2, t2, pb3, and t3 in their order of occurrence. the lyases ...	1998	9724625
a phytoalexin is modified to less fungitoxic substances by crown rot pathogen in groundnut arachis hypogaea l.	phytoalexins from four different treatments viz. control, af 1-treated, a. niger-treated, and dual inoculated were separated by tlc showed that one phytoalexin with an rf value of 0.628 (p1) appeared on 2nd day only in dual-inoculated seeds of groundnut (a. hypogaea). by 3rd day three additional phytoalexins were visualized in response to a. niger-treatment with lower rf values 0.485 (p2), 0.388 (p3) and 0.314 (p4) as compared to p1. in dual inoculated seedlings, p1 and p3 could be visualized wh ...	1998	9731478
fungicidal properties, sterol binding, and proteolytic resistance of the synthetic peptide d4e1.	the fungicidal properties of the synthetic peptide d4e1 were studied with nongerminated and germinating conidia of aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, fusarium moniliforme, and fusarium oxysporum. the minimal lethal concentrations (mlc) needed to kill 100% of germinating conidia of a. fumigatus, a. flavus, and a. niger were 12.5, 12.5, and 25 microm, respectively. the mlc value for nongerminated and germinating conidia of both fusarium spp. was 3.0 microm. except for a. ...	1998	9734302
molecular probes for the detection of pathogenic fungi in the presence of human tissue.	four primer systems, amplifying fragments of the gene coding for the small ribosomal subunit (18s rrna) were characterised with pure cultures of 65 medically relevant fungal species plus two mushrooms. a primer cocktail (tr1/ca1-tr2/af2) amplified 59 of 67 fungal species; the universal fungal primer 1 (uf1) in combination with the eukaryotic primers s3 or eu1 amplified 64 and 65 of 67 fungal species, respectively. the design of an additional primer (rzy1) enabled the amplification of the missing ...	1998	9736163
safety evaluation of amino peptidase enzyme preparation derived from aspergillus niger.	an amino peptidase enzyme preparation obtained from aspergillus niger was subjected to a series of toxicological tests to document the safety for use as a processing aid for food. the enzyme preparation was examined for subacute and subchronic oral toxicity, and mutagenic potential. no evidence of oral toxicity or mutagenicity was found. administration of the amino peptidase enzyme preparation at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight/day for 90 days did not induce noticeable signs of tox ...	1998	9737425
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of filamentous fungi.	agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers part of its ti plasmid, the t-dna, to plant cells during tumorigenesis. it is routinely used for the genetic modification of a wide range of plant species. we report that a. tumefaciens can also transfer its t-dna efficiently to the filamentous fungus aspergillus awamori, demonstrating dna transfer between a prokaryote and a filamentous fungus. we transformed both protoplasts and conidia with frequencies that were improved up to 600-fold as compared with conve ...	1998	9743116
lignans and sesquiterpene lactones from artemisia sieversiana and inula racemosa.	the aerial parts of artemisia sieversiana afforded, in addition to beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol and daucosterol, two novel lignans as well as one known and three new guaianolides. the roots of inula racemosa gave beta-sitosterol, daucosterol and isoalantolactone. the structures were determined by a combination of spectral methods (ir, eims, 1h and 13c nmr, dept, cosy, noesy and hetcor). all isolates were subjected to antifungal tests. isoalantolactone, a major sesquiterpene lactone of i. racemo ...	1998	9745767
the amino acid sequences of carboxypeptidases i and ii from aspergillus niger and their stability in the presence of divalent cations.	the amino acid sequences of serine carboxypeptidase i (cpd-i) and ii (cpd-ii), respectively, from aspergillus niger have been determined by conventional edman degradation of the reduced and vinylpyridinated enzymes and peptides hereof generated by cleavage with cyanogen bromide, iodobenzoic acid, glutamic acid cleaving enzyme, aspn-endoproteinase and endolysc proteinase. cpd-i consists of a single peptide chain of 471 amino acid residues, three disulfide bridges and nine n-glycosylated asparagin ...	1998	9748653
preliminary description of biocidal (syringomycin) activity in fluorescent plant pathogenic pseudomonas species.	strains representing the fluorescent plant pathogenic pseudomonas spp., ps. agarici, ps. asplenii, ps. avellanae, ps. beteli, ps. caricapapayae, ps. cichorii, ps. corrugata, ps. ficuserectae, ps. flectens, ps. fuscovaginae, ps. marginalis, ps. meliae, ps. savastanoi, ps. syringae, ps. tolaasii and ps. viridiflava were tested for biocidal activity using aspergillus niger as assay organism. inhibitory behaviour was found in strains of ps. asplenii, ps. blatchfordae, ps. cichorii, ps. corrugata, ps ...	1998	9750309
in vitro activity of a new triazole antifungal agent, sch 56592, against clinical isolates of filamentous fungi.	sch 56592 is a new triazole derivative that possesses potent, broad-spectrum antifungal activity. we evaluated the in vitro activity of sch 56592 compared with that of itraconazole, amphotericin b and 5-fluorocytosine against 51 clinical isolates of filamentous fungi, including aspergillus flavus (10), a. fumigatus (12), fusarium spp. (13), rhizopus spp. (6), pseudallescheria boydii (5), and one isolate each of acremonium spp., a. niger, a. terreus, paecilomyces spp., and trichoderma spp. in vit ...	1998	9750338
[pulmonary disease after massive inhalation of aspergillus niger].	a 60-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of fever, coughing, and dyspnea that developed after he entered a silo that had been filled with chips of wood in the preceeding 3 months. a chest x-ray film revealed bilateral ground-glass shadows. histologic study of the lung showed a multifocal acute process; the alveoli and interstitial areas contained many fungal hyphae and spores. cultures from both bronchoalveolar-lavage-fluid and the chips in the silo revealed aspergillus niger. sero ...	1998	9754008
in vivo addition of telomeric repeats to foreign dna generates extrachromosomal dnas in the taxol-producing fungus pestalotiopsis microspora.	transformation of the taxol-producing filamentous fungus pestalotiopsis microspora with a plasmid containing the bacterial hygromycin resistance gene fused to aspergillus regulatory sequences resulted in the in vivo formation of extrachromosomal dnas with telomeric repeats in the majority of transformants. repeats of the telomeric sequence 5'-ttaggg-3' were appended to nontelomeric transforming dna termini. no fungal sequences other than telomeric repeats were detected in extrachromosomal dnas. ...	1998	9756714
in vitro activity of the echinocandin antifungal agent ly303,366 in comparison with itraconazole and amphotericin b against aspergillus spp.	ly303,366 (ly) is a novel derivative of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents. the in vitro activities of ly, itraconazole (itz), and amphotericin b (amb) were assessed against 60 aspergillus isolates, including 35 isolates of a. fumigatus, eight isolates of a. terreus, eight isolates of a. flavus, eight isolates of a. niger and one isolate of a. nidulans. four a. fumigatus isolates were resistant to itz. susceptibility testing for all drugs was performed with a broth microdilution procedu ...	1998	9756785
the transcriptional activator xlnr regulates both xylanolytic and endoglucanase gene expression in aspergillus niger.	the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in xylan degradation and two endoglucanases involved in cellulose degradation was studied at the mrna level in the filamentous fungus aspergillus niger. a strain with a loss-of-function mutation in the xlnr gene encoding the transcriptional activator xlnr and a strain with multiple copies of this gene were investigated in order to define which genes are controlled by xlnr. the data presented in this paper show that the transcriptional activator x ...	1998	9758775
proximal subungual onychomycosis due to aspergillus niger: report of two cases.		1998	9764174
application of an encapsulated filamentous fungus in solubilization of inorganic phosphate.	spores of aspergillus niger were encapsulated in agar, calcium alginate and k-carrageenan and further applied in citric acid production during six repeated batch cultivations. rock phosphate (rp) at concentrations of 3 g l-1 and 7 g l-1 was supplemented to the culture medium to test encapsulated-fungus solubilizing capability. the highest average citric acid productivity of 0.15 g l-1 h-1 was reached with alginate-bead-encapsulated a. niger on rp-free culture medium while agar seemed to be the m ...	1998	9764483
saprophytic and cycloheximide resistant fungi isolated from golden hamster.	healthy hair samples from golden hamsters were examined for the presence of dermatophytes and non-dermatophytes using baiting technique and direct inoculation. thirty-four species and 2 varieties attributed to 17 genera were recovered. paecilomyces variotii (isolated from 84.4% of the examined hair) and aspergillus niger (81.3%) were the more frequent isolates on sabouraud's dextrose agar (sda) without cycloheximide. our results have clearly demonstrated that the hair of hamster was free from tr ...	1998	9768288
characterization of enzymatic pectin digests by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.	the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the characterization of partially methyl-esterified enzymatic pectin digests is described. the sensitivities of several matrices, positive and negative ion modes and desalting techniques for these acidic oligosaccharides were compared. the most favorable results were obtained with a thin-layer preparation of a mixture of 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone and nitrocellulose in the negative ion mode. results are ...	1998	9768499
the endopolygalacturonase gene bcpg1 is required for full virulence of botrytis cinerea.	botrytis cinerea, a fungus that causes diseases in over 200 plant species, secretes a number of endopolygalacturonases that have been suggested to be involved in pathogenesis. however, so far the corresponding genes have not been isolated from this fungus. we cloned bcpg1, encoding endopolygalacturonase, with the pgaii gene from aspergillus niger as a heterologous probe. the bcpg1 gene is expressed to similar levels in liquid cultures of b. cinerea containing either 1% polygalacturonic acid or 1 ...	1998	9768518
aberrant processing of wild-type and mutant bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor secreted by aspergillus niger.	bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (bpti) was secreted by aspergillus niger at yields of up to 23 mg l-1 using a protein fusion strategy. bpti was linked to part of the fungal glucoamylase protein (gam) with a dibasic amino acid (kex2) processing site at the fusion junction. electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and n-terminal protein sequencing revealed that, although biologically active in vitro, the purified products from a number of independent transformants consisted of a mixture of bp ...	1998	9772752
polar lipids of aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. nidulans, a. flavus and a. terreus.	little is known of the phospholipid composition of aspergillus species. the aim of this study was to determine individual phospholipid analogues in aspergillus. twenty-nine clinical and environmental isolates from five aspergillus species were analysed. fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric data were considered in two ranges, m/z 190-500 and m/z 500-1000, to facilitate the recognition of major fatty acyl groups and phospholipids. quantitative comparison of major anions in both m/z ranges was ...	1998	9776825
the identification and phylogenetic relationship of pathogenic species of aspergillus based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.	to study the identification and phylogeny of pathogenic isolates of aspergillus, we designed primers from known cytochrome b amino acid sequences. using these primers, 426 bp fragments of a mitochondrial (mt) cytochrome b gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), directly sequenced, and compared among aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. terreus and emericella nidulans. except for e. nidulans, all strains produced the 426 bp fragment by pcr. the e. nidulans strains demons ...	1998	9776828
[characterization of aldehyde dehydrogenase gene fragment from mung bean vigna radiata using the polymerase chain reaction].	two degenerate oligonucleotide sequence primers and polymerase chain reactions on total dna have been utilized to clone on 651--bp gene fragment coding the central part of amino acid sequence of an earlier unknown aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) from mung bean. the deduced partial amino acid sequence for this aldehyde dehydrogenase shows about 65% sequence identity to aldhs of vibrio cholerae rhodococcus sp., alcaligenes eutrophus and about 45% sequence identity to mammalian aldhs 1 and 2, aldhs o ...	1998	9778740
optimisation of different physical parameters for bioleaching of phosphate by aspergillus niger from indian rock phosphate.	a mutant strain of aspergillus niger ab100 was incubated with samples of rock phosphate. mutation resulted in a greater amount of solubilisation (30 to 35%) as against the parent strain (10 to 15%). the influence of leaching parameters such as ore concentration (pulp density), particle size, initial ph of the medium, temperature, volume of the medium in 250 ml flasks, inoculum concentration and age of inoculum was studied. when low quantity of rock phosphate is applied (0.1%) the solubilisation ...	1998	9782785
extraction and quantification of daidzein and genistein in food.	a simple analytical method has been developed for routine quantification of a broad range of concentrations of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein in food. the synthetic glucosides daidzin and genistin were used as internal standards, combined with each food prior to extraction. the recovery of the aglycones daidzein and genistein from these internal standards were used to ensure the completeness of the extraction and aid quantification of isoflavones from the food. hydrolytic enzymes from as ...	1998	9784181
identification of a histidine acid phosphatase (phya)-like gene in arabidopsis thaliana.	a close examination of the protein sequence encoded by the arabidopsis thaliana gene f21m12.26 reveals the gene product to be a phosphomonoesterase, acid optimum (ec 3.1.3.2). a subclass of this broad acid phosphatase is also known as 'histidine acid phosphatase. ' this is the first sequence-based evidence for a 'histidine acid phosphatase' in a dicotyledon. one important member of this class of enzymes is aspergillus niger (ficuum) phytase, which came into prominence for its commercial applicat ...	1998	9790941
1998 william j. stickel bronze award. antifungal activity of melaleuca alternifolia (tea-tree) oil against various pathogenic organisms.	tea-tree oil (oil of melaleuca alternifolia) has recently received much attention as a natural remedy for bacterial and fungal infections of the skin and mucosa. as with most naturally occurring agents, claims of effectiveness have been only anecdotal; however, several published studies have recently demonstrated tea-tree oil's antibacterial activity. this study was conducted to determine the activity of tea-tree oil against 58 clinical isolates: candida albicans (n = 10), trichophyton rubrum (n ...	1998	9791953
inhibition of succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase by n-formylglycine.	n-formylglycine was developed as a dead-end inhibitor of the succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase reaction. at 4 mm, it inhibited aspergillus niger succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase by 40%. n-formylglycine is a reversible, complete inhibitor; the inhibition is competitive with succinic semialdehyde and uncompetitive with respect to nad+ and the ki values are 4.9 and 10.4 mm respectively. potato succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase is also inhibited by n-formylglycine to a similar extent, the nat ...	1998	9793840
ratios of carbon isotopes in microbial lipids as an indicator of substrate usage.	the occurrence and abundance of microbial fatty acids have been used for the identification of microorganisms in microbial communities. however, these fatty acids can also be used as indicators of substrate usage. for this, a systematic investigation of the discrimination of the stable carbon isotopes by different microorganisms is necessary. we grew 11 strains representing major bacterial and fungal species with four different isotopically defined carbon sources and determined the isotope ratio ...	1998	9797266
molecular characterization and expression of a phytase gene from the thermophilic fungus thermomyces lanuginosus.	the phya gene encoding an extracellular phytase from the thermophilic fungus thermomyces lanuginosus was cloned and heterologously expressed, and the recombinant gene product was biochemically characterized. the phya gene encodes a primary translation product (phya) of 475 amino acids (aa) which includes a putative signal peptide (23 aa) and propeptide (10 aa). the deduced amino acid sequence of phya has limited sequence identity (ca. 47%) with aspergillus niger phytase. the phya gene was insert ...	1998	9797301