Publications

survival and prognostic factors in severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.	severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) necessitating mechanical ventilation has been associated with a high mortality rate in several previous studies. this has discouraged physicians from recommending, as well as patients from accepting, mechanical ventilation when respiratory failure developed. analysis of 19 records of patients with first episode pcp who were intubated and received mechanical ventilation showed a mortality of 57.8%. a constellation of clinical and laboratory findings was ...	1988	3264473
controversies in pulmonary medicine. presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be treated empirically in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1988	3264479
immunodeficiency in preclinical smoldering adult t-cell leukemia.	we treated two japanese patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. inclusion bodies in both adrenal glands of patient no. 1 indicated a herpesvirus infection. the patient no. 2 recovered from the pneumonia upon sulfametoxazole-trimethoprim medication and high-dose methylprednisolone therapy. in both patients, anti-human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) antibodies were positive and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were negative. peripheral leukocytes in patient no. 1 numbered ...	1988	3264588
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as a complication of desferrioxamine therapy.		1988	3264719
kaposi's sarcoma involving the lung in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	to determine the distinguishing features of pulmonary kaposi's sarcoma (ks) in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), we compared three groups of patients, 16 with endobronchial ks, 15 with endobronchial ks and an opportunistic lung infection, and 40 with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) without concomitant pulmonary ks. the majority of pulmonary ks patients had extensive cutaneous disease at the time of pulmonary diagnosis, and the diagnosis of pulmonary ks was easily ...	1988	3265151
the possible role of corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).	twenty-one episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were treated with corticosteroids in the form of intravenous methylprednisolone or oral prednisone. a standard dose of 80 mg/day x 5 days was given for 15 episodes, whereas 6 patients received variable doses of 20-120 mg/day x 4-20 days. all were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx). comparison was made with 12 aids patients with pcp who were not treated with steroids. t ...	1988	3265156
effect of folic and folinic acid on cytopenia occurring during co-trimoxazole treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	12 aids/arc patients with or suspected of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were treated with co-trimoxazole and received supplementary folic or folinic acid to avoid peripheral blood cytopenia. most patients developed decreased numbers of neutrophils and hemoglobin while receiving co-trimoxazole. supplementary folate/folinate could not abolish the drug-induced cytopenia. routine prescription of folinic acid is not recommended. folic acid is cheap and may be beneficial and should be prescribed.	1988	3265540
serum lactic dehydrogenase predicts mortality in patients with aids and pneumocystis pneumonia.	serum lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) activity was compared with mortality in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during the first four days of admission to assess the test's predictive value. in 30 admissions, 29 patients who survived an episode of pneumocystis pneumonia had a mean ldh value of 385 iu, with five values greater than 520 iu. eight with pneumonia who died had a mean value of 926 iu: all had values higher than 520 iu. the mean l ...	1988	3265825
cavitation as an unusual roentgenographic manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1988	3265997
aerosol pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1988	3266146
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a htlv-i carrier terminating with acute type of adult t-cell leukemia].		1988	3266259
[increased incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in infants with congenital adrenal hyperplasia].		1988	3266324
[problems in adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids in aids-associated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1988	3266529
[autoimmunity and aids. i. correlation between anti-cardiolipin antibodies and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia].		1988	3266650
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia radiologically simulating tuberculosis].	the authors report a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia simulating tuberculosis. predominant upper lobes involvement is rarely seen but should be considered in immunocompromised patients.	1988	3266680
pulmonary disease at autopsy in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	to characterize the postmortem pulmonary disease and analyze the effectiveness of antemortem diagnosis, we examined the clinical records and autopsy material from 54 patients who died of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. at autopsy, all patients had pulmonary disease. one or more specific diagnoses were made in 53, including opportunistic infection, nonopportunistic infection, and kaposi's sarcoma. multiple postmortem pulmonary diagnoses were established in 37. respiratory failure was the ...	1988	3266812
does cyclosporin a adversely affect pneumocystis carinii infection?	fourteen immunosuppressed patients with pneumocystis carinii infection presented in two clusters that were separated by 2 years. the diagnosis in all cases was made early by alveolar lavage with cytology. the first group of seven patients was immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide or azathioprine and prednisolone. all recovered with high dose co-trimoxazole. the second group of seven patients was on prednisolone and cyclosporin a. despite identical treatment three patients died and a further two ...	1988	3266947
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties].		1988	3267099
spontaneous subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema--a complication of lung function tests in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	a case is described of subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema developing as a complication of lung function tests in an immunocompromised patient with presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	1988	3267196
tissue parasitic diseases in korea.	parasitic disease is still important subject in the field of infectious diseases in korea considering it's number and morbidity. recently there was conspicuous reduction of parasitic disease in terms of soil-transmitted nematodiasis, but parasitism affecting organs other than intestinal tract is still a considerable problem. this survey covers the parasitic diseases cross-sectioned at a pathology laboratory of a referral hospital, trying to elucidate the significance of its relative frequency an ...	1988	3267355
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following heart transplantation.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia represents a rare complication that is associated with a high mortality following heart transplantation. the cases of two heart transplant recipients who developed pneumocystis pneumonia within the first 3 postoperative months are reported. both patients had severe clinical symptoms of the disease; the diagnosis was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage, and the patients were treated with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. both patients recovered and ...	1987	3273214
pentamidine therapy in renal failure: case report and literature review.	the literature lacks adequate dosing guidelines for modifying pentamidine therapy in renal failure. this report describes a patient in renal failure undergoing intermittent peritoneal dialysis who is treated with pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. data on pentamidine's disposition are reviewed.	1988	3280279
pneumocystis carinii infection of the small intestine in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	the authors describe a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) who presented with an acute abdomen. a plaque-like tumor of the small intestine was resected and found to consist of masses of pneumocystis carinii organisms. the organisms also exhibited a perivascular and intravascular distribution. identical changes were found in regional lymph nodes. in addition to silver stains and electron microscopy, an immunohistochemical method for the demonstration of p. carinii was employed ...	1988	3282428
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: diagnosis.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurs at some point in the course of illness in approximately 85% of patients with aids. because of the frequency of p. carinii pneumonia and because it is readily treatable, prompt, accurate, and efficient diagnostic schemes are extremely important. the clinical presentation is generally characterized by fever, nonproductive cough, and shortness of breath. such symptoms in a patient from a recognized hiv transmission category should prompt a diagnostic evaluation ...	1988	3286781
increasing incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant patients.		1988	3289169
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients.		1988	3289529
immunohistological localization of immunoglobulins in pneumocystosis of adults.	we examined by direct immunofluorescence open lung biopsies from seven adult patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. in all of them, immunoglobulin deposits (especially iga) were found in alveoli that exhibited by light microscopy the classical foamy exudate infested by pneumocystis. these immunoglobulins were eluted at an acid ph and were able to fix complement fractions in vitro. moreover, we could reproduce this fixation by incubating previously eluted tissue sections with concentrated ...	1987	3297215
[refractory respiratory tract infections. 9. chemotherapy of recent respiratory tract infections. e. pneumocystis carinii infection].		1987	3298741
the efficacy of azidothymidine (azt) in the treatment of patients with aids and aids-related complex. a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.	we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of oral azidothymidine (azt) in 282 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) manifested by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia alone, or with advanced aids-related complex. the subjects were stratified according to numbers of t cells with cd4 surface markers and were randomly assigned to receive either 250 mg of azt or placebo by mouth every four hours for a total of 24 weeks. one hundred forty-five subjects rece ...	1987	3299089
technetium-99m dtpa aerosol and gallium scanning in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	in 11 non-smoking aids patients suspected of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the results of tc-99m dtpa aerosol clearances, gallium scans, and arterial blood gases were compared with those of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal). nine patients had pcp. all had increased clearances five times higher than the normal (5.6 +/- 2.3% x min-1 vs 1.1 +/- 0.34% x min-1, n = 10, p less than 0.001), suggesting an increased alveolar permeability. gallium scans were abnormal in six patients but normal or sligh ...	1987	3301147
cyclosporine therapy and refractory pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a potential association.	in surveillance of 75 patients receiving renal transplants in 1984 at our institution, five cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were detected. all five cases occurred in a subgroup of 11 patients who had received cyclosporine. a retrospective epidemiologic survey of the infected patients revealed all five were heterosexual white men with onset of pneumocystis pneumonia two to six months after cadaveric transplantation. all received cyclosporine and corticosteroids, and four of five patients ...	1987	3304199
intra- and inter-species transmission and antigenic difference of pneumocystis carinii derived from rat and mouse.	pneumocystis carinii (pc) derived from nude mice (mpc) and hypercorticonized rats (rpc) was subjected to transmission experiments via intranasal (i.n.) route into athymic nu/nu mice (balb/c background) and run/rnu rats (rowett hooded strain) and their euthymic heterozygotes rnu/+ rats. although all these recipient animals received intensive cortisone treatment, mpc propagated only in nu/nu mice. in contrast, rpc strains from three different sources were transmitted successfully to both rats and ...	1987	3306057
causes of death in renal transplant recipients. a review of autopsy findings from 1966 through 1985.	from 1966 through 1985, a total of 640 patients received 739 renal transplants at a single center transplantation program. of 245 total deaths, a slide and chart review of all 116 autopsied cases (47%) identified the major causes of death as pneumonia (n = 43), sepsis (n = 32), hemorrhage (n = 15), peritonitis (n = 11), meningitis (n = 7), and pulmonary embolism (n = 5). eighty-five (73.3%) of these patients died of complications directly associated with immunosuppression, almost all (n = 82) as ...	1987	3307685
[pneumocystosis-- pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].		1987	3308397
alveolar permeability in hiv antibody positive patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pulmonary permeability was assessed using the technique of 99mtc (technetium-99m) diethylene triamene pentacetic acid (dtpa) aerosol transfer in 10 patients who had antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and were non-smokers and in 20 hiv antibody positive smokers. five patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) proved by transbronchial lung biopsy; four were non-smokers and one a smoker. two findings emerged: patients with pcp had greater epithelial permeability than non-smoker ...	1987	3308684
detection of circulating antigens of pneumocystis carinii in human sera by a sandwich enzyme-immunoassay.	a countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis test has been used for detection of circulating antigens of pneumocystis carinii in humans; however, this study describes another experiment by sandwich enzyme-immunoassay. antiserum was prepared by immunizing rabbits with p. carinii cysts which had been propagated in athymic nude rats. profiles of time course in patients with the positive antigenemia show that p. carinii antigens are detectable prior to an onset of acute pneumonia. since the sandwich enzym ...	1987	3310461
detection of pneumocystis carinii by fluorescent-antibody stain using a combination of three monoclonal antibodies.	a combination of three monoclonal antibodies, two prepared against human and one against rat pneumocystis carinii, was used in an indirect fluorescent-antibody stain (ifa) to diagnose p. carinii in both bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy specimens. this combination of monoclonal antibodies was specific for p. carinii and yielded bright fluorescence of both p. carinii cysts and trophozoites. a total of 126 specimens from 93 patients were stained for p. carinii by a toluidine blue o stain and ...	1987	3312285
comparison of a novel trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-containing medium (xt80) with kanamycin agar for isolation of antibiotic-resistant organisms from stool and rectal cultures of marrow transplant patients.	a new medium (xt80) containing trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) was characterized and compared with kanamycin-containing tryptic soy agar (ka) for the recovery of multiply resistant organisms (mro) in rectal and stool cultures. cultures from 151 patients hospitalized for bone marrow transplantation were screened for mro. a total of 366 mro were recovered from 702 cultures on 94 patients during a 6-month period. xt80 detected more gram-negative bacilli and corynebacterium spp. than ka. det ...	1987	3312287
the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after bone-marrow transplantation.	since bone-marrow transplant recipients receive considerable quantities of packed-cell, platelet and sometimes leukocyte transfusions, as well as the donor marrow infusion, it would be predictable that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) by blood-product transfusion would occur in this patient population. we report here two patients who received hla-identical sibling bone-marrow transplants for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia during their first remission. both developed category-a aids a ...	1987	3316952
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and other sulfonamides.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole continues to be a useful antibiotic for common outpatient problems such as urinary tract infections, prostatitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute otitis media as well as for serious infections of the hospitalized patient including pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, acute pyelonephritis, and some forms of gram negative meningitis. the other sulfonamides have a limited role.	1987	3320619
pneumocystis carinii in the aids patient.		1987	3320758
aids in the pre-aids era.	a search of the medical literature published since 1950 disclosed 19 cases of probable aids reported before the start of the current epidemic. these cases retrospectively met the centers for disease control's surveillance definition of the syndrome and had a clinical course suggestive of aids. the reports originated from north america, western europe, africa, and the middle east. the mean age of patients was 37 years, and the ratio of male to female patients was 1.7:1. sixteen patients had oppor ...	1987	3321360
invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. clinical experience with eight haematologic patients.	eight patients with haematologic malignancies contracted fatal invasive aspergillosis during an outbreak. five patients were neutropenic. bronchofiberoscopic examination with microbiology specimen brush and bronchoalveolar lavage yielded aspergillus fumigatus in only 2/5 patients examined. the specific diagnosis reached during lifetime in 5 patients was based on a combination of invasive procedures (lung biopsy in 2, percutaneous lung puncture in 1), the presence of a lung abscess (3 patients), ...	1987	3321414
treatment of marrow graft recipients with thymopentin.	four adult patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia were given marrow grafts from hla-identical siblings following 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide and 10-12 gy total body irradiation. all received intermittent intravenous methotrexate as prophylaxis against graft-versus-disease (gvhd). in an attempt to accelerate immune recovery and prevent gvhd, each patient received thymopentin (tp5) for 100 days after grafting. no adverse effects were seen with tp5 administration. all four patients developed a ...	1987	3332144
[involvement of the trachea and lungs in aids-associated kaposi's sarcoma].	kaposi's sarcoma is now the second most common aids-associated disease, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia being the commonest. the clinical and radiological picture of bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma is often indistinguishable from that of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. diagnosis of the sarcoma in the airways, and especially in the lung parenchyma, is difficult. the case of a patient with aids and bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma is presented and the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic ...	1988	3344417
aids in icus: outcome.	the admission of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) to intensive care units in the united kingdom was surveyed in january 1986. ninety-three intensive care units completed the questionnaire. thirty-two patients had been admitted to 12 units up to that time. twenty-five (78%) of these patients had received artificial ventilation of the lungs. the commonest cause of respiratory failure on admission was pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; this occurred in 27 patients, seven of who ...	1988	3354810
[pulmonary complications in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. results of a prospective study].	between 1983 and 1987, a stepwise diagnostic programme was undertaken prospectively in 37 of 100 hiv-positive patients with 40 bronchopulmonary infections. it consisted chiefly of flexible bronchoscopy combined with lavage, transbronchial biopsy and/or removal of bronchial brush cells. taking into account all examinations performed in life and at autopsy, 25 of the 37 patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (67.5%), 13 had bacterial pneumonia, six of these were mycobacterial infections (atyp ...	1988	3366074
detection of candida antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	while bronchoalveolar lavage is frequently performed to evaluate immunocompromised hosts for infection, the significance of rare yeasts found on the cytologic examination of lavage fluid is unclear. this study used the latex agglutination method to test lavage fluids for candida antigen to assess its usefulness in distinguishing candida pneumonia from candida colonization of the respiratory tract or oral contamination of the lavage specimen. ninety-seven specimens from 87 patients were categoriz ...	1988	3376701
[cutaneous localizations of disseminated histoplasma capsulatum histoplasmosis in a case of acquired immunodeficiency].	a widespread maculo-papular cutaneous rash appeared on a hiv-positive young bisexual cambodian man. he was treated for mycobacterium tuberculosis and pneumocystis carinii infections. he had been residing in france for seven years. histology showed, within the dermis, abundant extracellular and intramacrophagic yeast-like organisms suggestive of histoplasmosis. cultured specimens produced a growth of colonies after three weeks on sabouraud 4 p. 100 dextrose agar at 25 degrees c. numerous macrocon ...	1988	3415148
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: seven cases in an addis ababa hospital.	7 confirmed cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), seen in the department of medicine, yekatit 12 hospital, addis ababa, nigeria, are presented. these are the 1st cases to be reported in ethiopia. the elisa and western blot tests were performed at the national research institute of health in addis ababa. attempts to trace possible sexual contacts of 3 cases were unsuccessful. family members of 2 cases were tested for hiv infection. 3 of the 7 patients presented with tuberculos ...	1988	3416846
false negative hiv serology in a case of congenital/perinatal aids.	a case of congenital or perinatal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the first recognized case of mother to child human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection resulting in the full-blown syndrome in australia, is reported. the baby who died in november 1985 was diagnosed retrospectively after the child's father had presented with category a disease (pneumocystis carinii pneumonia) in may 1987. this case illustrates some of the difficulties that may be experienced in the serological diagn ...	1988	3421880
[significance of the presence of candida sp. in bronchopulmonary secretions. contribution of pulmonary biopsy].	candida sp is often found in broncho-pulmonary secretions (expectorations, bronchial aspirations, bronchiolo-alveolar lavage...); however, its presence even in massive amounts, is difficult to interpret. is it a sign of broncho-pulmonary candidosis or mouth-pharynx contamination? the different clinical and biological elements, in particular immunology in immunodepressed patients, bring little information. in this article, we present the retrospective study of 18 patients hospitalized in pneumolo ...	1987	3425992
autopsy findings in a japanese patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	a 37-year-old japanese man was diagnosed as having acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) on the basis of a homosexual history, generalized lymphadenopathy, marked decrease of helper/inducer t cells in the peripheral blood, and positive serum antibody (antibodies) against human immunodeficiency virus (human t-lymphotropic virus type iii/lymphadenopathy-associated virus). autopsy showed severe depletion of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs including the systemic lymph nodes, spleen, and gut-a ...	1987	3439457
infectious and sexually transmitted diseases: implications for dental public health.	the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has stimulated renewed attention toward infectious diseases and dental public health. currently, aids is defined as individuals with kaposi's sarcoma and/or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and/or other life-threatening opportunistic infections (e.g., specific forms of tuberculosis or meningitis, candidal esophagitis), and associated immunosuppression that cannot be accounted for by another disease process and/or medications. as of january 1986, the ai ...	1986	3457189
cytomorphology of alternaria in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens.	review of the bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from 326 patients resulted in the identification of alternaria in 28 (8.6%) of the specimens. on papanicolaou-stained millipore filters, the most common finding was a yellow-brown-pigmented muriform conidium with characteristic transverse and longitudinal septations. four of the patients had floccose branched and septated hyphae of alternaria in addition to conidia. budding yeast or yeast forms were also present in the lavage fluid of 14 of the pati ...	1987	3473859
neurological manifestations in three german children with aids.	we report the neurological findings in two children with aids and one child with lesser aids. the first patient developed acute encephalopathy 37 months after having received a blood transfusion from a htlv-iii positive donor. cct showed ring-enhancement and hypodense lesions with homogenous enhancement. autopsy revealed cns toxoplasmosis. the second child with aids, born to an iv drug-addicted mother, had one seizure at four months of age, but other neurologic signs were absent. she died of pne ...	1987	3474544
relationship between htlv-iii neutralizing antibody and clinical status of pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and aids-related complex cases.	to investigate a possible protective role of htlv-iii neutralizing antibodies in individuals exposed to the virus, sera of children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex were analyzed for neutralizability of htlv-iiib infectivity. twelve pediatric patients (nine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, three acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex) were clinically stable and had survived more than 2 yr postonset. their predominant cli ...	1987	3474582
[clinical manifestations of acquired immunologic deficiency syndrome (aids)].	the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids is caused by the retrovirus hiv. about 20% develop after the inoculation of the virus an acute clinical picture resembling infectious mononucleosis. several weeks to months after the infection antibodies can be demonstrated in the serum. lateron a lymphadenopathy syndrome or aids related complex may develop. most of the patients with las or arc will progress to the full blown picture of aids. this is defined as immunodeficiency complicated by kaposi-sa ...	1987	3475926
azidothymidine associated with bone marrow failure in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).	four patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and a history of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed severe pancytopenia (hemoglobin, less than 85 g/l; granulocytes, less than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/l; platelets, less than or equal to 30 x 10(9)/l) 12 to 17 weeks after the initiation of azidothymidine (azt) therapy. the bone marrow was markedly hypocellular in three patients and moderately hypocellular in the fourth. partial bone marrow recovery was documented within 4 to 5 week ...	1987	3477107
[positive hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) serology in the pregnant woman: current data on its management. apropos of a continuous series of 56 cases].	56 cases of pregnant women with a positive hiv serology were reported in 20 months at the maternity of the nice hospital center. in 10 cases, there were clinical signs of the disease (9 arc-syndrome, one case of aids). the predisposing factor was most of the time drug addiction, 53 cases (94.5%) and one case occurred after a blood transfusion. in the majority of the cases (52%) the pregnancy was pursued because of the late term or the patient's decision. a therapeutic abortion was performed in 1 ...	1987	3478787
gallium scanning in lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis of children with aids.	lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (lip) is a frequent pulmonary complication in the child with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we report the gallium scan findings in two children with aids and lip. gallium scintigraphy in both children demonstrated increased radionuclide concentration throughout the lungs, a pattern indistinguishable scintigraphically from that of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). this should alert nuclear medi ...	1987	3479536
aids and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in children and their families: clinical experience at yale-new haven hospital.	as of december 1986, we have identified 23 symptomatic children with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in new haven. twelve developed aids as manifested by lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), and/or disseminated mycobacterial infections; seven of them have died. the remainder have milder clinical syndromes, which include failure to thrive, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and parotid swelling. when compared to adults with aids, children often have hyper ...	1987	3481146
bacterial pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	eighteen episodes of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia were diagnosed in 13 patients among 336 with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cared for at memorial sloan-kettering cancer center since 1979. bacterial pathogens isolated in 16 of 18 episodes were haemophilus influenzae in 8, streptococcus pneumoniae in 6, group b streptococcus in 1, and branhamella catarrhalis in 1. eight episodes were presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia until cultures obtained at bronchoscopy confirme ...	1986	3484420
incidence and mortality of adult respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective analysis from a large metropolitan hospital.	we examined the incidence and mortality of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards) in patients receiving emergency medical care at a large metropolitan medical center. the patients were classified into eight high-risk categories and monitored prospectively until discharge or death. over a period of 12 months, 11,112 such patients entered the emergency room. of 4926 who were admitted to the hospital acutely ill, 90 (2%) developed ards. thirty-six percent of these survived. ards occurred in 25% ...	1986	3484443
long-term prognosis of survivors of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. structural and functional correlates.	limited data exist detailing the long-term sequelae of pneumocystis pneumonia. open lung biopsies were obtained in seven renal transplant recipients within 48 hours of the onset of respiratory failure. biopsy specimens and simultaneous chest roentgenograms were graded without clinical information according to the severity of alveolar damage and pulmonary infiltrates, respectively. evaluation of pulmonary function and exercise physiology were performed 15 to 21 months after their illness. pulmona ...	1986	3484695
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in pregnancy: a report of three maternal deaths.	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has become a major public health problem in the united states. current projections, based on seroepidemiologic data, suggest a large increase in the number of cases over the next several years. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common opportunistic infection associated with aids and an increase in the frequency of that illness also can be anticipated. few cases of p carinii pneumonia associated with aids during pregnancy have been reported. repo ...	1986	3484811
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presenting as a single pulmonary nodule.		1986	3484814
sputum examination for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	the diagnostic utility of sputum examination in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia secondary to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has so far not been determined. sputum was induced in 43 patients with aids or suspected aids just prior to fiberoptic bronchoscopy, scheduled because of an unexplained pulmonary infiltrate on a chest radiograph. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed by sputum examination and/or by a bronchoscopic procedure in 20 patients. of these, sputum ...	1986	3484921
pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	we conducted an analysis of 37 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) who received pentamidine for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to quantitate the incidence and severity of pentamidine-induced hypoglycemia. ten of these patients (27%), nine of whom were symptomatic, developed hypoglycemia during or shortly after pentamidine therapy. the mean nadir blood glucose concentration in those who developed hypoglycemia during or shortly after pentamidine therapy wa ...	1986	3485027
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. roentgenographic-pathologic correlates based on fiberoptic bronchoscopy specimens from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	we analyzed the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in a large series of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). transbronchial biopsy fragments, as opposed to endobronchial specimens, were found to have high diagnostic value. their optimal number for diagnosis was determined by a simple statistical principle. it varied from a minimum of two in cases of severe pneumonia to a maximum of four when roentgenographic manifestations were altogeth ...	1986	3485514
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). diagnostic results of transbronchial lung biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage].		1986	3485795
the usefulness of induced sputum in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	thirty-two patients with or suspected of having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were evaluated for opportunistic lung infection using examination of sputum induced by inhalation of 3% saline. the specimens obtained were stained with giemsa stain and examined for pneumocystis carinii. smears of sputum were also appropriately stained and examined for acid-fast organisms and fungi, as well as cultured for these organisms. patients whose sputum did not contain p. carinii had bronchoscopy with ...	1986	3485945
recent advances in serodiagnosis of pneumocystis carinii.		1986	3486099
effects of sulfonylurea compounds on pneumocystis carinii.	two sulfonylurea compounds, carbutamide and tolbutamide, were studied for efficacy against pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in the corticosteroid-treated rat model and compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz). the chemical structures of these sulfonylureas are identical except that an amino group in carbutamide is replaced with a methyl group in tolbutamide. carbutamide was totally effective in the prevention and treatment of p. carinii pneumonitis in dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg pe ...	1986	3486236
spontaneous wasting disease in nude mice associated with pneumocystis carinii infection.	several cases of wasting disease and dyspnea occurred in outbred crl: cdi(icr) nu/nu mice obtained recently from a commercial supplier. gross necropsy revealed pulmonary consolidation, and histologically there was alveolar-wall thickening and filling of alveoli with macrophages and honey-combed eosinophilic material. electron microscopic examination of lung tissue confirmed infection with pneumocystis carinii.	1986	3486319
attachment of pneumocystis carinii to rat pneumocytes.	male sprague-dawley rats were immunosuppressed by subcutaneous injections of cortisone acetate for 8 weeks to induce pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. rats were killed with ether, their lungs were filled in situ with cold glutaraldehyde, and sections were examined by transmission electron microscopy. p. carinii trophozoites were observed in lungs for as long as 6 weeks after cessation of corticosteroid injections. trophozoites were attached most frequently to type i pneumocytes but were seen on se ...	1986	3487003
spontaneous pneumothorax in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	although spontaneous pneumothorax has rarely been reported as a complication of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients, recent experience suggests that its frequency is increasing. seven such cases have been encountered in the past 1 1/2 years, whereas no cases were found in an earlier review at san francisco general hospital of 90 aids patients of whom 56 had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the cause of this increasing frequency is unknown.	1986	3487225
effect of folinic acid on the capacity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent and treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats.	daily administration of 1 mg of folinic acid to immunosuppressed rats with incipient or established pneumocystis carinii pneumonia did not impair the capacity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to either prevent or treat this disease. these observations constitute the first experimental support for the use of folinic acid to prevent or control cytopenias that occur in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who are under trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole treatment.	1986	3487285
successful treatment and prevention of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis with 4,4'-sulfonylbisformanilide.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was prevented in 0, 50, 100, and 100% of immunosuppressed rats given doses of 0.5, 5.0, 25.0, and 125.0 mg/kg (body weight) per day, respectively, of 4,4'-sulfonylbisformanilide (dfd). therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated with dfd at 25.0 mg/kg per day, and when this dose was combined with trimethoprim, the combination was as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, which has been proven to be effective in the treatment of murine and human p. carinii pneumoni ...	1986	3487287
bedside bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	we studied the utility of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) as the primary diagnostic procedure in 46 separate episodes of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 42 patients with aids. 35 procedures were performed at the bedside. a separate group of 40 historical controls with aids and suspected pcp had transbronchial biopsy (tbb) as the primary procedure. at least 100 cc of saline in 50 cc aliquots was used for bal. specimens were processed using rapid silver methenamine, papanicolau, and ...	1986	3487328
use of (2-6 degrees c) refrigeration of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection.		1986	3487331
lung mechanics, radiography and 67ga scintigraphy in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	respiratory system pressure-volume (p-v) studies, 67ga-citrate scans, and chest radiographs were made in the corticosteroid-treated rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the steroid treatment used to provoke pneumocystis infection in this model resulted in a reduction in body weight, lung weight and lung volumes compared to age-matched controls but no change in the normalized pressure-volume curve. p. carinii infection was associated with increased lung wet weight and flattening of the re ...	1986	3487339
endotracheal lavage for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in intubated patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.		1986	3487414
emergency lung biopsy: friend or foe of the immunosuppressed child?	an acute pneumonic process in an immunosuppressed child poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. these patients tolerate infection poorly. an open lung biopsy may provide prompt diagnosis. nevertheless, a beneficial change in therapy that results in survival does not necessarily follow. fifty-six immunosuppressed children with acute respiratory symptoms and interstitial pulmonary infiltrates underwent lung biopsy from 1974 to 1985. the most common underlying diagnosis was acute lymphocytic ...	1986	3487631
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a homosexual male with kaposi's sarcoma].		1986	3487816
the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in auckland in 1985.	we reviewed the notes of the first 11 patients with aids managed by the infectious disease unit, auckland hospital, who all presented during 1985. all were homosexual males: none had other recognised risk factors: ten had travelled beyond new zealand. five were diagnosed at auckland hospital, six overseas. median age was 31 (range 28-43) years. five had kaposi's sarcoma and three pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. five are alive. they have spent a median 13 (range 0-41) days in auckland hospital. t ...	1986	3488526
gallium accumulation in early pulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection.	the accumulation of gallium 67 citrate in pulmonary pneumocystis carinii is well known. the sensitivity of gallium uptake in detecting early inflammatory processes, even when conventional roentgenograms are normal, would seem to make it possible in immunocompromised patients to make a presumptive diagnosis of this serious infection early in its course without using invasive techniques to demonstrate the organism. however, the presence of gallium uptake in radiation pneumonitis, pulmonary drug to ...	1986	3489293
value of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.	seventy five patients with pulmonary disease and suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage. of 54 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, 53 (98%) were diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage. complications were recorded in 12 instances and included pneumothorax in two and transient increase in fever and hypoxaemia in the remainder. bronchoalveolar lavage is a safe, easy, and effective procedure for diagnosing pneumocystis pne ...	1986	3489298
freeze-fracture studies on pneumocystis carinii. i. structural alteration of the pellicle during the development from trophozoite to cyst.	pneumocystis carinii has generally been distinguished in three developmental stages, namely, trophozoite, precyst and cyst. the fine structure of the pellicle--the plasma membrane and the outer layer existing outside this plasma membrane--of each stage was studied by freeze-fracture technique. by this technique, p. carinii was cleaved through the cytoplasm or through the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane, and the cross-fractured face of the outer layer was revealed on the replicas. the o ...	1986	3489330
surfactant phospholipids and lavage phospholipase a2 in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the effect of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on surfactant phospholipids and lavage phospholipase a2 was investigated. pneumocystis carinii infection was induced in adult rats by immunosuppression with dexamethasone administered in the drinking water (2 mg/l) for 6 to 8 wk. surfactant phospholipids were isolated from lung lavage and lung tissue. dexamethasone administration significantly increased total lung and lavage phospholipids in corticosteroid-treated animals receiving prophylaxis against ...	1986	3489425
activity of inosine analogs against pneumocystis carinii in culture.	three analogs of inosine, formycin b, allopurinol ribonucleoside, and 9-deazainosine, were tested for their ability to suppress proliferation of pneumocystis carinii in culture with wi-38 cells. the organism was inhibited by 9-deazainosine at 10 micrograms/ml, and there was some inhibition at 1 microgram/ml. formycin b was effective only at 40 micrograms/ml. allopurinol ribonucleoside had little effect.	1986	3489438
spontaneous pneumothorax with pneumocystis carinii infection. occurrence in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.	two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome developed spontaneous pneumothorax during the course of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. the pneumothorax in each of these patients was a primary event, unrelated to biopsy or mechanical ventilation. to our knowledge, this complication of p carinii infection has not been noted in adults before and is an important consideration for those caring for persons with this illness.	1986	3489447
a simple and reliable rapid methenamine silver stain for pneumocystis carinii and fungi.	a modification to a rapid hot methenamine silver stain is described that shortens the silver staining step of the procedure to one to five minutes. it also eliminates the requirement to manipulate hot solutions.	1986	3489450
bronchoscopic and radiologic features of kaposi's sarcoma involving the respiratory system.	in a group of 61 patients admitted to new england deaconess hospital, boston, with a diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), 25 were found to have kaposi's sarcoma involving the skin and mucous membranes. of these 25 patients, eight had lesions involving the respiratory system. radiographically, patients with kaposi's sarcoma had hilar and mediastinal adenopathy with perihilar parenchymal infiltration which progressed to diffuse bilateral infiltrates over a period of months. thi ...	1986	3489584
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax. a report of three cases.	spontaneous pneumothorax is a rare complication of pneumonia. three cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are described. two patients had bronchopleural fistulas. local subpleural necrosis was felt to be the cause of the pneumothorax. pneumothorax should be considered in patients with p carinii pneumonia who experience respiratory deterioration.	1986	3489585
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children].		1986	3489922
pulmonary manifestations of aids: review of 106 episodes.	we reviewed the clinical records and chest radiographs of all patients admitted to our institution between 1982 and 1984 who had pulmonary disease and who were later proved to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) (95 patients). diffuse parenchymal lung disease was the most common finding. these infiltrates were usually interstitial and caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia or p. carinii combined with cytomegalovirus infection. focal, multilobar, interstitial infiltrates were also of ...	1986	3489955
pneumocystis pneumonia in a patient with normal chest roentgenograms and normal arterial blood gas values.	for unknown reasons, manifestations of even heavy opportunistic infection in aids patients may be chronic and subtle. we have presented the second fully reported case of an aids patient with symptomatic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in whom the usual screening tests of blood gases and chest roentgenography were normal to all observers. diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide can be an early and sensitive indication of pcp.	1986	3489998
experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats as parasite source for in vitro cultures.		1986	3490243
pentamidine-associated fatal acute pancreatitis.	severe hemorrhagic pancreatitis developed in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) during pentamidine isethionate treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. despite prompt withdrawal of administration of the drug, the patient died of complications of pancreatitis. pentamidine is known to be toxic to pancreatic islet cells, causing both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in clinical use. however, it rarely causes symptomatic pancreatitis. a review of the literature indicates ...	1986	3490588