Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| bioterrorism preparedness and response in european public health institutes. | the terrorist attacks on 11 september 2001 and the deliberate release of anthrax in the united states had consequences for public health not only there, but also in europe. europe's public health systems had to manage numerous postal materials possibly contaminated with anthrax. our survey aimed to document the response of european public health institutes to recent bioterrorist events to identify the gaps that need to be addressed; 18 institutes from 16 countries participated in this euroroundu ... | 2001 | 11891386 |
| deliberate releases of biological agents: initial lessons for europe from events in the united states. | the experience of autumn 2001, when anthrax spores were released in the postal system, had considerable consequences in the united states and in europe. the threat of covert deliberate releases against civilians has become a reality. in europe, despite the growing number of criminal hoaxes, no cases of anthrax linked to deliberate releases have been reported, and the only contaminated letters were addressed to american embassies abroad. nevertheless, the time has come for europe to set up effici ... | 2001 | 11891387 |
| [bacillus anthracis: causative agent of anthrax]. | anthrax, an acute infectious disease of historical importance, is once again regaining interest with its use as a biological weapon. it is caused by b. anthracis, a gram positive spore forming rod usually surrounded by a capsule and producing toxin. it occurs most frequently as an epizootic or enzootic disease of herbivores that acquire spores form direct contact with contaminated soil. spores can survive for many years in soil. animal vaccination programs have reduced drastically the disease in ... | 2001 | 11892436 |
| anthrax concerns persist in the usa. | 2002 | 11892492 | |
| managing emotional fallout. parting remarks from america's top psychiatrist. interview by diane coutu. | last fall, the united states was brutally thrust into a new and dangerous world. as the twin towers of the world trade center collapsed and the pentagon burned, the horrible reality of terrorism seared the american consciousness. it touched more than the victims and their families; everyone who sat transfixed before the horrific images on tv lived through the trauma. in a sense, we were all eyewitnesses, and we must all cope with feelings of anger, stress, and anxiety. that poses a huge immediat ... | 2002 | 11894678 |
| improved anthrax vaccine is needed, claims report. | 2002 | 11895815 | |
| mucosal or parenteral administration of microsphere-associated bacillus anthracis protective antigen protects against anthrax infection in mice. | existing licensed anthrax vaccines are administered parenterally and require multiple doses to induce protective immunity. this requires trained personnel and is not the optimum route for stimulating a mucosal immune response. microencapsulation of vaccine antigens offers a number of advantages over traditional vaccine formulations, including stability without refrigeration and the potential for utilizing less invasive routes of administration. recombinant protective antigen (rpa), the dominant ... | 2002 | 11895967 |
| planning for the unthinkable. | 2002 | 11896629 | |
| clinical issues in the prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment of anthrax. | 2002 | 11897081 | |
| health's role with anthrax. | 2002 | 11898266 | |
| the case for more active policy attention to health promotion. | until recently, when anthrax triggered a concern about preparedness in the public health infrastructure, u.s. health policy and health spending had been dominated by a focus on payment for medical treatment. the fact that many of the conditions driving the need for treatment are preventable ought to draw attention to policy opportunities for promoting health. following a brief review of the determinants of population health-genetic predispositions, social circumstances, environmental conditions, ... | 2002 | 11900188 |
| ambulatory medical visits among anthrax-vaccinated and unvaccinated personnel after return from southwest asia. | the department of defense launched a mandatory anthrax immunization program for military personnel in december 1997. this program has been criticized for many reasons, including concern over side effects. this study was designed to give a quick answer to the question of whether vaccinated persons who deployed to southwest asia were more likely to seek medical care upon their return than their unvaccinated counterparts. the results demonstrated that there was no greater risk for vaccinated person ... | 2002 | 11901567 |
| anthrax update. | 2002 | 11901645 | |
| bioterrorism watch. anthrax aftermath: adverse drug reactions, vaccine controversy undercut cdc extended treatment offer. | 2002 | 11905387 | |
| louis pasteur's beer of revenge. | although by the mid-nineteenth century evidence existed for an association between micoorganisms and disease, it was the combined efforts of louis pasteur and robert koch that created the germ theory of disease--the theory that specific microbes cause specific diseases. surprisingly, the relationship between the two founders of microbiology and immunology was far from friendly. | 2001 | 11905832 |
| recognition and management of anthrax. | 2002 | 11907299 | |
| cutaneous anthrax infection. | 2002 | 11907300 | |
| [anthrax]. | 2001 | 11908180 | |
| [anthrax. the pathogen, the disease picture and possible use as a biological weapon]. | 2001 | 11910856 | |
| risk factors for multisymptom illness in us army veterans of the gulf war. | this research study examined the prevalence of symptoms and identified risk factors for reported symptoms among a group of army gulf war (gw) veterans. a survey was mailed to all members of the ft. devens cohort in 1997, representing the third assessment of a group that consisted of 2949 us army soldiers deployed to the gulf, and was studied initially in 1991. a total of 1290 subjects responded to the mailed survey; aggressive follow-up methods to address non-response bias were employed. subject ... | 2002 | 11911029 |
| recognition and management of anthrax. | 2002 | 11911136 | |
| recognition and management of anthrax. | 2002 | 11911137 | |
| recognition and management of anthrax. | 2002 | 11911138 | |
| despite finding anthrax vaccine useful, iom recommends seeking a better one. | 2002 | 11911739 | |
| relationship between prepregnancy anthrax vaccination and pregnancy and birth outcomes among us army women. | substantial concern surrounds the potential health effects of the anthrax vaccine, particularly the potential adverse effects on reproductive processes. | 2002 | 11911758 |
| [robert koch (1843-1910): a life in the trenches (against microbes, against virchow, and against so many other things)---and an unexpected parallel with golgi]. | 2002 | 11912879 | |
| anthrax aftermath: adverse drug reactions, vaccine controversy undercut cdc extended treatment offer. | 2002 | 11912887 | |
| 20/20 hindsight. months after anthrax claimed the lives of several. americans, hospitals review their reaction to the event--and plan for future crises. | last fall, after a nation suffered the unthinkable attacks of sept. 11, a second wave of terror held americans in its grip. questions still surround a series of baffling cases of anthrax that shook new york and connecticut. each of the hospitals involved report that despite the unsolved mysteries posed by these events, they are more cautious and better-prepared for future bioterrorism attacks. | 2002 | 11913044 |
| anthrax outbreak in mago national park, southern ethiopia. | 2002 | 11913590 | |
| [on bioterrorism]. | 2002 | 11915677 | |
| anthrax vaccine is safe and effective-but needs improvement, says iom. | 2002 | 11918923 | |
| our first line of defense against bioterrorism. part 1. | health care's response to the anthrax outbreak highlights our critical need to enlist sophisticated information technology (it) tools in the defense against bioterrorism. part 1 of a two-part series explains what went wrong in the most recent attack and suggests how a national it infrastructure might help in the future. | 2002 | 11923974 |
| [affinity sorbents having magnetic properties in the clinical picture and diagnosis of communicable and non-communicable diseases]. | affine magnetic sorbents which have no analogs in the practice of our country have been for the first time developed for the rapid diagnosis of various life-threatening diseases (plague, cholera, anthrax, glanders, meliodosis, tularemia, leptospirosis, dysentery, viral hepatitis a) and for the identification of their causative agents. the efficacy of new magnet-controlling test systems has been repeatedly confirmed by their applications in epidemiological events and emergencies: in the epidemiol ... | 2002 | 11924124 |
| preparing for bioterrorism. | 2002 | 11924164 | |
| cdc director to step down march 31. | 2002 | 11924204 | |
| the three faces of anthrax. | 2002 | 11925586 | |
| [female patient with cutaneous anthrax in belgium]. | 2002 | 11925816 | |
| diagnosis and management of suspected cases of bioterrorism: a pediatric perspective. | since october 3, 2001, the centers for disease control and prevention and other organizations have been investigating potential bioterrorist-related anthrax cases. the pediatrician may be faced with complex issues related to diagnosis and treatment of illnesses caused by intentionally released biological agents. the agents that pose a major potential bioterrorist threat are reviewed by the clinical syndromes they produce: acute respiratory distress with fever, influenza-like illnesses, acute ras ... | 2002 | 11927716 |
| [the return of anthrax: "the evil spirit is out of the bottle"]. | 2001 | 11928599 | |
| bioterrorism: introduction and major agents. | 2001 | 11930512 | |
| inhalational anthrax: threat, clinical presentation, and treatment. | to provide nurse practitioners (nps) with a basic understanding of clinical presentation, transmission, diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax. | 2001 | 11930529 |
| new york city, 2001: reaction and response. | 2002 | 11937606 | |
| anthrax update. | 2002 | 11944174 | |
| [infections by bacillus anthracis]. | 2002 | 11951140 | |
| tracking the anthrax attacks. | 2002 | 11951313 | |
| bioterrorism watch. building a bridge over the abyss: will bioterrorism help bring disjointed health system together? | 2002 | 11951727 | |
| bioterrorism watch. was anthrax mailer a bioweapons researcher? | 2002 | 11951729 | |
| suspected cutaneous anthrax in a laboratory worker--texas, 2002. | on march 6, 2002, cdc's national institute for occupational safety and health (niosh) received a request for a health hazard evaluation from the director of laboratory a to assist in the evaluation of a worker who had been diagnosed with cutaneous anthrax. laboratory a, a provisionally approved laboratory response network level b laboratory, had been processing environmental samples for bacillus anthracis in support of cdc investigations of the bioterrorist attacks in the united states during fa ... | 2002 | 11952281 |
| developmental switch of s-layer protein synthesis in bacillus anthracis. | adjustment of the synthesis of abundant protein to the requirements of the cell involves processes critical to the minimization of energy expenditure. the regulation of s-layer genes might be a good model for such processes because expression must be controlled, such that the encoded proteins exactly cover the surface of the bacterium. bacillus anthracis has two s-layer genes, sap and eag, encoding the s-layer proteins sap and ea1 respectively. we report that the production and surface localizat ... | 2002 | 11952909 |
| anthrax meningitis: case report. | 2001 | 11953221 | |
| calmodulin in action: diversity in target recognition and activation mechanisms. | recent structural studies on calmodulin complexes with anthrax adenylyl cyclase and rat ca2+-activated k+ channel have uncovered unexpected ways by which calmodulin interacts with target proteins. | 2002 | 11955428 |
| managing terror. public health officials learn lessons from bioterrorism attacks. | when a photo-journalist presented with the first case of inhalation anthrax in the united states in 23 years, it marked the worse case of biological terrorism in our nation's history. it also marked a significant management challenge for numerous local, state and federal officials. review what was learned and how we can better prepare for future attacks. | 2002 | 11957420 |
| oklahoma city and tulsa metropolitan medical response system. | the tragic loss of lives on september 11 followed by the anthrax contaminations reinforced the need for work already underway through the metropolitan medical response system (mmrs). through leadership from the medical director for the medical control board and emsa, oklahoma city and tulsa have been the beneficiaries of nearly $1.5 million dollars in funding to prepare for nuclear, chemical or bioterrorism. the two oklahoma cities were among the second wave of cities invited in 1999 to particip ... | 2002 | 11957849 |
| dynamic ct features of inhalational anthrax infection. | 2002 | 11959702 | |
| early statistical detection of anthrax outbreaks by tracking over-the-counter medication sales. | the recent series of anthrax attacks has reinforced the importance of biosurveillance systems for the timely detection of epidemics. this paper describes a statistical framework for monitoring grocery data to detect a large-scale but localized bioterrorism attack. our system illustrates the potential of data sources that may be more timely than traditional medical and public health data. the system includes several layers, each customized to grocery data and tuned to finding footprints of an epi ... | 2002 | 11959973 |
| human antibodies against spores of the genus bacillus: a model study for detection of and protection against anthrax and the bioterrorist threat. | a naive, human single-chain fv (scfv) phage-display library was used in bio-panning against live, native spores of bacillus subtilis ifo 3336 suspended in solution. a direct in vitro panning and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based selection afforded a panel of nine scfv-phage clones of which two, 5b and 7e, were chosen for further study. these two clones differed in their relative specificity and affinity for spores of b. subtilis ifo 3336 vs. a panel of spores from 11 other bacillus species ... | 2002 | 11959974 |
| biodefence research. | 2002 | 11961508 | |
| bioterrorism. | 2002 | 11961869 | |
| anthrax and anthrax anxiety: sverdlovsk revisited. | 2001 | 11962347 | |
| sporulation and delta-endotoxin synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis is distinguished from the very closely related bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis by the presence of several plasmid-encoded delta-endotoxin genes. these delta-endotoxins, synthesized as protoxins, are produced in large quantities during sporulation and are packaged into intracellular inclusions. ingestion of the inclusions by insect larvae leads to protoxin solubilization and conversion to toxins each specific for one of several orders of insects. the toxins form cati ... | 2002 | 11964120 |
| current status of immunization against anthrax: old vaccines may be here to stay for a while. | anthrax vaccination has become a 'hot' topic. on the one hand, fears that iraq holds secret caches of anthrax-based weaponry, that other countries may be developing or may have developed similar devices, or that hard-line groups may make their own anthrax-based devices for bioterrorist attacks have focused official attention on the need for means of protection, principally, though, for the military. on the other hand, the unsolved issues of the gulf war illnesses have left elements of doubt in t ... | 2000 | 11964777 |
| the anthrax scare: us healthcare as usual. | 2002 | 11965205 | |
| just an accident waiting to happen. | 2001 | 11966075 | |
| nhs staff given advice on treating anthrax patients. | 2001 | 11966091 | |
| anthrax. when immunity may not be safe. | 2001 | 11966151 | |
| ["biological" but deadly. potential biological weapons]. | 2002 | 11968178 | |
| antibody response to a delayed booster dose of anthrax vaccine and botulinum toxoid. | we evaluated the prevalence and concentration of serum antibodies 18-24 months after primary inoculation with anthrax and botulinum vaccines, and assessed the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a significantly delayed booster dose of these vaccines. five hundred and eight male active-duty military personnel received one, two or three inoculations with anthrax vaccine and/or botulinum toxoid in 1990/1991 in preparation for operations desert shield/desert storm. subjects were vaccinated with the ... | 2002 | 11972980 |
| the esat-6/wxg100 superfamily -- and a new gram-positive secretion system? | esat-6 is a small secreted protein of unknown function from mycobacterium tuberculosis that is of fundamental importance in virulence and protective immunity. a psi-blast search has identified distant homologues of esat-6 in more tractable bacteria, including bacillus subtilis, bacillus anthracis, staphylococcus aureus and clostridium acetobutylicum. the genes for esat-6-like proteins often cluster with genes encoding homologues of b. subtilis yuka. i speculate that the esat-6-like and yuka-like ... | 2002 | 11973144 |
| many leads, many dead ends. frustration inside the fbi's anthrax investigation: a so-far perfect crime. | 2002 | 11974548 | |
| bacterial diseases of farmed deer and bison. | the most important aerobic bacterial diseases of farmed deer and bison include bovine tuberculosis, johne's disease (paratuberculosis), yersiniosis, leptospirosis, brucellosis, pasteurellosis, anthrax, salmonellosis and colibacillosis. anaerobic bacterial infections affecting the same animals include necrobacillosis and a number of clostridial diseases such as tetanus, blackleg, malignant oedema and pulpy kidney. the relative importance of these diseases will vary throughout the world according ... | 2002 | 11974613 |
| anthrax and wildlife. | although livestock anthrax is declining in many parts of the world, with an increasing number of countries probably truly free of the disease, anthrax remains enzootic in many national parks and even in some game ranching areas. these infected areas can present a persistent risk to surrounding livestock, which may otherwise be free of the disease, as well as a public health risk. the authors use as examples the national parks in southern africa, the wood buffalo national park in northern alberta ... | 2002 | 11974621 |
| anthrax the facts. | 2001 | 11974775 | |
| need to know basis. | 2001 | 11974821 | |
| biodefense. new anthrax vaccine gets a green light. | 2002 | 11976419 | |
| iom deems anthrax vaccine safe, effective. | 2002 | 11977853 | |
| characterization of mpf and mapk activities during meiotic maturation of xenopus tropicalis oocytes. | resumption of meiosis in oocytes of xenopus tropicalis required translation but not transcription, and was marked by the appearance of a white spot and a dark ring, coincident with entry into metaphase i and the onset of anaphase i, respectively. cyclin b(2)/p34(cdc2) activity increased prior to the first meiotic division, declined at the onset of anaphase i, and subsequently increased again. the capacity of egg cytoplasm to induce germinal vesicle breakdown (gvbd) was inhibited by cycloheximide ... | 2002 | 11977986 |
| bacterial skin infections in a tropical environment. | the subject of bacterial skin infection in the tropics has shown some significant advances in the past few years, although it is still relatively understudied. of special interest is the emerging concern about the public health aspects of pyoderma, either primary or secondary to scabies, in developing countries. in addition, certain more unusual agents, such as bacillus anthracis and corynebacterium diphtheriae, continue to cause significant problems in some areas, while incidence of other tropi ... | 2001 | 11979120 |
| anthrax attack at the united states capitol. front line thoughts. | one great fear was realized on october 15, 2001 when united states citizens witnessed firsthand the unprecedented release of anthrax into a community. although the office of the attending physician to congress had been preparing for such an unthinkable act, lessons were learned as the events unfolded. the following is a summary of the findings: preparation, planning, and frequent review of bioterrorism response procedures are essential. effective communication remains the key to successful team ... | 2002 | 11979645 |
| planning for biological disasters. occupational health nurses as "first responders". | 1. as a result of recent terrorist events, there is an immediate need for occupational nurses to review their disaster plans and to develop strategies to cope with bioterrorism in their workplaces. 2. the centers for disease control and prevention has identified three major categories of biological weapons. category a, which is the highest priority category (and the focus of this article), includes smallpox, anthrax, botulism, plague, tularemia, filoviruses, and adenoviruses. dealing with bioter ... | 2002 | 11979646 |
| [anthrax]. | 2001 | 11980392 | |
| anthrax as a biological weapon, 2002: updated recommendations for management. | to review and update consensus-based recommendations for medical and public health professionals following a bacillus anthracis attack against a civilian population. | 2002 | 11980524 |
| modulating airway defenses against microbes. | prevention and treatment of respiratory infections remain an important health care challenge as the us population ages, contains more susceptible or high-risk people, and encounters new pathogens or antibiotic resistant bacteria. reasonably protective vaccines against very common microbes are available for childhood and adult immunization, but, generally, these are underutilized. a broader definition of higher risk individuals is evolving, which will include more for immunization. different appr ... | 2002 | 11981302 |
| anthrax: is there a risk of cross-infection during endoscopy? | bacillus anthracis is a large, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium responsible for human anthrax. review of the medical literature indicates specific instrument reprocessing instructions addressing the prevention of b. anthracis transmission are limited. although nosocomial anthrax infection has not been reported, strict adherence to well-established instrument reprocessing guidelines for cleaning and high-level disinfection is recommended to prevent patient-to-patient transmission of b. anth ... | 2002 | 11984163 |
| bioterrorism's invisible threats: heightened awareness will help nurses identify real and suspected bioterrorism. | ready your nursing staff for potential bioterrorism with this review of the symptoms and treatment of anthrax, smallpox, plague, tularemia, and botulism. | 2002 | 11984331 |
| production, recovery and immunogenicity of the protective antigen from a recombinant strain of bacillus anthracis. | the protective antigen (pa) is one of the three components of the anthrax toxin. it is a secreted nontoxic protein with a molecular weight of 83 kda and is the major component of the currently licensed human vaccine for anthrax. due to limitations found in the existing vaccine formulation, it has been proposed that genetically modified pa may be more effective as a vaccine. the expression and the stability of two recombinant pa (rpa) variants, pa-snke-deltaff-e308d and pa-n657a, were studied. th ... | 2002 | 11986925 |
| from woolsorters to mail sorters: anthrax past, present, and future. | 2002 | 11988429 | |
| the anthrax vaccine program: an analysis of the cdc's recommendations for vaccine use. | the anthrax vaccine was never proved to be safe and effective. it is one cause of gulf war illnesses, and recent vaccinees report symptoms resembling gulf war illnesses. the vaccine's production has been substandard. without adequate evaluation, the food and drug administration recently approved (retrospectively) significant changes made to the vaccine's composition since 1990. the vaccine's mandatory use for inhalation anthrax is "off-label." a skewed review of the vaccine literature by the cen ... | 2002 | 11988433 |
| anthrax and the wool trade. 1902. | 2002 | 11988441 | |
| expected adverse events in a mass smallpox vaccination campaign. | recent anthrax attacks in the united states have raised concern about the nation's vulnerability to a smallpox attack. many strategies have been suggested to minimize the impact of such an attack, ranging from quarantine and vaccination of case contacts to resumption of routine vaccination. before the latter strategy is adopted, an understanding of the likely consequences of mass vaccination is essential. count: number of adverse events resulting from two vaccination campaigns: vaccinating perso ... | 2002 | 11990216 |
| case study: ed acts quickly after anthrax. | after last year's anthrax attacks, eds at capital health system in trenton, nj, had to address decontamination of large numbers of patients. patients who didn't require decontamination were sent to the hospital's employee health facility so they could bypass the ed. clinicians, nursing staff, educators, and paramedics were trained in the decontamination process. direct communication with first responders was established with a portable scanner. | 2002 | 11995230 |
| the lethal and edema factors of anthrax toxin bind only to oligomeric forms of the protective antigen. | the three proteins that comprise anthrax toxin, edema factor (ef), lethal factor (lf), and protective antigen (pa), assemble at the mammalian cell surface into toxic complexes. after binding to its receptor, pa is proteolytically activated, yielding a carboxyl-terminal 63-kda fragment (pa(63)) that coordinates assembly of the complexes, promotes their endocytosis, and translocates ef and lf to the cytosol. pa(63) spontaneously oligomerizes to form symmetric ring-shaped heptamers that are capable ... | 2002 | 11997437 |
| mapping the lethal factor and edema factor binding sites on oligomeric anthrax protective antigen. | assembly of anthrax toxin complexes at the mammalian cell surface involves competitive binding of the edema factor (ef) and lethal factor (lf) to heptameric oligomers and lower order intermediates of pa(63), the activated carboxyl-terminal 63-kda fragment of protective antigen (pa). we used sequence differences between pa(63) and homologous pa-like proteins to delineate a region within domain 1' of pa that may represent the binding site for these ligands. substitution of alanine for any of seven ... | 2002 | 11997439 |
| a peptide-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for bacillus anthracis lethal factor protease. | a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay has been developed for monitoring bacillus anthracis lethal factor (lf) protease activity. a fluorogenic 16-mer peptide based on the known lf protease substrate mek1 was synthesized and found to be cleaved by the enzyme at the anticipated site. extension of this work to a fluorogenic 19-mer peptide, derived, in part, from a consensus sequence of known lf protease targets, produced a much better substrate, cleaving approximately 100 times more effici ... | 2002 | 11997440 |
| bioterrorism in australia. | 2002 | 11999254 | |
| bioterrorism watch. winds of war: researchers track airborne anthrax. | 2002 | 12001564 | |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. suspected cutaneous anthrax in a laboratory worker--texas, 2002. | 2002 | 12001943 | |
| post-traumatic stress disorder. | 2002 | 12001959 | |
| variation in rrna operon number as revealed by ribotyping of bacillus anthracis strains. | ribotyping of various bacillus strains with one restriction enzyme (acci) revealed significant similarity between bacillus anthracis strains, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus cereus strains, which are all members of the bacillus cereus group. a further ribotyping study of 10 virulent and 8 attenuated b. anthracis strains, using 4 endonucleases and both 23s and 16s probes independently, was performed. the discrimination index d of hunter and gaston showed that the best combination for future l ... | 2002 | 12002563 |
| follow-up on "symptoms associated with anthrax exposure: suspected 'aborted' anthrax". | 2002 | 12003462 | |
| comparative genome sequencing for discovery of novel polymorphisms in bacillus anthracis. | comparison of the whole-genome sequence of bacillus anthracis isolated from a victim of a recent bioterrorist anthrax attack with a reference reveals 60 new markers that include single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), inserted or deleted sequences, and tandem repeats. genome comparison detected four high-quality snps between the two sequenced b. anthracis chromosomes and seven differences among different preparations of the reference genome. these markers have been tested on a collection of anth ... | 2002 | 12004073 |