Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| in vitro antibacterial activities of af 3013, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin, against nosocomial and community italian isolates. | af 3013, the active metabolite of prulifloxacin, was tested to determine its inhibitory and bactericidal activities against 396 nosocomial and 258 community italian isolates. compared with that of ciprofloxacin, its activity (assessed in mic and minimal bactericidal concentration tests) was generally similar or greater against gram-positive bacteria and greater against gram-negative bacteria. in time-kill assays using selected isolates, its bactericidal activity was comparable to that of ciprofl ... | 2001 | 11709353 |
| in vitro activities of a new ketolide, abt-773, against multidrug-resistant gram-positive cocci. | the in vitro activities of abt-773 were evaluated against 324 strains of gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant staphylococcus spp. and enterococcus spp. abt-773 had lower mic ranges, mics at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (mic(50)s), and mic(90)s than erythromycin or clindamycin for almost all isolates tested. the mics of abt-773 were also lower than those of quinupristin-dalfopristin (q-d) for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, rhodococcus spp., and streptococcu ... | 2001 | 11709359 |
| mechanism of action of the des-f(6) quinolone bms-284756 measured by supercoiling inhibition and cleavable complex assays. | bms-284756 (t-3811me), a novel des-f(6) quinolone, was tested in the supercoiling inhibition and cleavable complex assays against escherichia coli dna gyrase, a target of quinolones. the results suggest that bms-284756 has the same mechanism of action against dna gyrase as other quinolones and a similar level of potency. | 2001 | 11709365 |
| bacterial pathogens of otitis media and sinusitis: detection in the nasopharynx with selective agar media. | carriage rates for the bacterial pathogens associated with otitis media (streptococcus pneumoniae [sp], hemophilus influenzae [hi], and moraxella catarrhalis [mc]) are of interest. culture on three selective agars was compared with culture on two standard agars to determine the more accurate method for detection of these species in the nasopharynx of healthy children. weekly samples were obtained in winter from 18 healthy children (ages 1 through 9 years) as part of a longitudinal study. a 0.1-m ... | 2001 | 11709658 |
| carbon-carbon-linked (pyrazolylphenyl)oxazolidinones with antibacterial activity against multiple drug resistant gram-positive and fastidious gram-negative bacteria. | in an effort to expand the spectrum of activity of the oxazolidinone class of antibacterial agents to include gram-negative bacteria, a series of new carbon-carbon linked pyrazolylphenyl analogues has been prepared. the alpha-n-substituted methyl pyrazole (10alpha) in the c3-linked series exhibited very good gram-positive activity with mics <or=0.5-1 microg/ml and moderate gram-negative activity with mics=2-8 microg/ml against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. this analogue was a ... | 2001 | 11711300 |
| diagnosis and treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in the primary care setting. | acute respiratory tract infections such as acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb), acute otitis media (aom), and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (abrs) account for approximately 75% of antibiotic prescriptions written and are among the leading reasons for physician office visits in the united states. resistance of the predominant pathogens in respiratory tract infections (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis) to available antibiotics has led clinic ... | 2001 | 11726004 |
| in vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of beta-triketones admixed to melaleuca oils. | the in vitro antibacterial properties of mixtures of australian tea tree oil and niaouli oil after adding the beta-triketone complex isolated from manuka oil were tested. mic and mbc values for four different bacteria were determined applying the broth dilution method. both melaleuca oil mixtures showed good antimicrobial effects against staphylococcus aureus and moraxella catarrhalis, exceeding the effectiveness of myrtol, which is well established in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchit ... | 2001 | 11731927 |
| microbiology of acute otitis media recently treated with aminopenicillins. | sparse recent data are available in the united states regarding the pathogens of acute otitis media (aom) most likely to be recovered from children recently treated with the two most frequently prescribed antibiotics, amoxicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanate (amc). | 2001 | 11734704 |
| short term oral cefixime therapy for treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. | there have been few controlled studies evaluating treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis beyond the newborn period. topical therapy of bacterial conjunctivitis achieves a clinical cure but does not prevent acute otitis media (aom). | 2001 | 11734708 |
| fatal sepsis associated with acute pancreatitis caused by moraxella catarrhalis in a child. | we describe a 4-year-old boy with cornelia de lange syndrome who died of septic shock caused by moraxella catarrhalis bacteremia. at autopsy there was evidence of acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis with abscesses. gram-negative diplococci were seen histologically in the abscesses and pancreatic ducts. | 2001 | 11734777 |
| proliferating macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, t and b lymphocytes in the middle ear and eustachian tube mucosa during experimental acute otitis media in the rat. | although many studies focus on the increase of immunocompetent cells within the middle ear mucosa during acute otitis media it is poorly understood how this increase is mediated. the differentiation between two possible causes, i.e. immigration and local proliferation, would help to better understand the pathophysiology of this disease. therefore, the number of proliferating macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells and t and b lymphocytes was studied during acute otitis media in the ra ... | 2001 | 11737056 |
| cd45ra and cd45ro isoforms in infected malnourished and infected well-nourished children. | the aim of this study was to determine if the distribution in vivo of cd4(+)cd45ra(+)/cd45ro(-) (naive), cd4(+)cd45ra(+)/cd45ro(+) (ddull) and cd4(+)cd45ro(+) (memory) lymphocytes differs in malnourished infected and well-nourished infected children. the expression of cd45ra (naive) and cd45ro (memory) antigens on cd4(+) lymphocytes was analysed by flow cytometry in a prospectively followed cohort of 15 malnourished infected, 12 well-nourished infected and 10 well-nourished uninfected children. ... | 2001 | 11737063 |
| epidemiological aspects of antibiotic resistance in respiratory pathogens. | respiratory infections are the most frequent reason for primary health care consultation. the main causes of respiratory tract infections in children are viruses and the most common types are upper respiratory tract infections: common cold, pharyngitis, otitis media and sinusitis. pneumonia is much more serious. as well as viruses, bacteria are often involved in respiratory tract infections. three bacterial species are most commonly isolated: streptococcus pneumoniae, non-encapsulated haemophilu ... | 2001 | 11738335 |
| molecular typing of paired bacterial isolates from the adenoid and lateral wall of the nose in children undergoing adenoidectomy: implications in acute rhinosinusitis. | recent studies have suggested that the origin of bacteria that enter the lateral wall of the nose and paranasal sinuses arise from the nasopharynx. the purpose of this study was to compare the molecular biological profiles of potential pathogens found in the nasopharynx and lateral wall of the nose concomittantly in children undergoing surgery for upper respiratory tract disease. | 2001 | 11743458 |
| single-dose pharmacokinetics and penetration of bms 284756 into an inflammatory exudate. | the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of bms 284756 were determined following oral administration of a 600-mg dose to eight healthy male volunteers. concentrations of the drug were measured in plasma and a cantharidine-induced inflammatory exudate by a microbiological assay. the mean peak concentration in plasma of 10.4 microg/ml (standard deviation [sd], 1.3 microg/ml) was attained at a mean time of 1.2 h (sd, 0.5 h) after the dose. the penetration into the inflammatory exudate was 82% (sd, 15. ... | 2002 | 11751144 |
| in vitro activity of faropenem and 20 other compounds against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae isolates and the effect of serum on faropenem mics. | 2002 | 11751796 | |
| frequency of pathogen occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility among community-acquired respiratory tract infections in the respiratory surveillance program study: microbiology from the medical office practice environment. | continuing problems of antimicrobial resistance have prompted the initiation of several surveillance programs. few, if any, of these programs focus on community-acquired respiratory tract infections seen in routine office-based practices. the respiratory surveillance program (resp; 1999-2000) in 674 community-based physician office practices in the united states determined the frequency of potential bacterial pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella cat ... | 2001 | 11755437 |
| epidemiology of sinusitis in the primary care setting: results from the 1999-2000 respiratory surveillance program. | the respiratory surveillance program (resp) was undertaken over a 10-month period (july to april) during the 1999-2000 respiratory infection season. a total of 16,213 nasal swab samples were taken by primary care physicians in outpatient settings from patients diagnosed as having acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. the samples were sent to a central laboratory where a pathogen was identified and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined. a pathogen could be isolated from 34% of the samples submitt ... | 2001 | 11755439 |
| epidemiology of clinically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia in the primary care setting: results from the 1999-2000 respiratory surveillance program. | to evaluate the prevalence of typical pathogens, level of resistance, and risk factors associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in the outpatient primary care setting and define current antibiotic treatment for office-based cap, the respiratory surveillance program (resp) recruited 1,200 primary care clinics during the 1999-2000 respiratory infection season. participating community-based physicians submitted sputum samples from patients presenting with a community-acquired respiratory ... | 2001 | 11755440 |
| clinical resistance encountered in the respiratory surveillance program (resp) study: a review of the implications for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. | the respiratory surveillance program (resp) is a large-scale surveillance study of potential bacterial pathogens from respiratory tract infections that was performed over a 10-month period (july to april) during the 1999-2000 respiratory infection season. it is also the first study of its kind to derive its information entirely from community-based medical practices. this study, therefore, provides insight into the identity, frequency, and susceptibility of the possible pathogens isolated from p ... | 2001 | 11755441 |
| seasonal variations in nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens in healthy italian children attending day-care centres or schools. | the aim of this study was to investigate seasonal variations in the prevalence of the nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory pathogens and identify factors affecting colonisation patterns in healthy children. the nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis during two seasons (autumn and spring) was evaluated in 1580 healthy children aged 1-7 years by means of a cohort study conducted in day-care centres and schools in eight italian cities ... | 2001 | 11761195 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new fluoroquinolones: focus on respiratory infections. | high occurrence of penicillin-resistant and multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae and reports of resistance with haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are influencing the empiric treatment of community-acquired respiratory infections and allowing the new fluoroquinolones to serve as important treatment alternatives. recent analysis of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the new fluoroquinolones (gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin) have s ... | 2001 | 11764770 |
| [clinical and bacteriological studies of ceftriaxone (ctrx) once daily administration in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections]. | clinical studies of ceftriaxone (ctrx) were performed at a dose of 40 mg/kg once daily to evaluate its pharmacokinetics, and clinical and bacteriological efficacies in pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections. the following results were obtained. 1. of 45 patients, clinical responses to ctrx were excellent in 34 (75.6%), good in 9 (20.0%) and poor in 2 (4.4%), indicating the overall efficacy rate of 95.6%. 2. haemophilus influenzae (23 strains), streptococcus pneumoniae (20 strains) ... | 2001 | 11771335 |
| [clinical aspects and etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children]. | the authors report a prospective study conducted in one of the general pediatrics unit. one hundred one children, aged 20 days to 12 years, admitted with acute lower respiratory tract infections have been studied on clinical paraclinicals and etiology grounds. all children had a chest ray roentgenogram, a total blood cell count and c-reactive protein. the detection of a viral agent in nasopharyngeal aspirate by immunofluorescent technic were performed. 85% of patients have bronchiolitis, the che ... | 2001 | 11771431 |
| ertapenem: a new carbapenem. | ertapenem is a new 1-beta-methyl carbapenem, stable to dehydropeptidase, which binds preferable to penicillin-binding proteins (pbp) 2 and 3. ertapenem has a broad antibacterial spectrum with mic90 values < 0.5 mg/l for penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, citrobacter spp., klebsiella spp., serratia spp., proteus spp., clostridium perfringens, fusobact ... | 2001 | 11772242 |
| multiplex lightcycler pcr assay for detection and differentiation of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal specimens. | a rapid real-time multiplex pcr assay for detecting and differentiating bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal swabs was developed. this assay (lc-pcr-is) targets the insertion sequences is481 and is1001 of b. pertussis and b. parapertussis, respectively, and is performed using the lightcycler (roche molecular biochemicals, indianapolis, ind.). the analytical sensitivity is less than one organism per reaction. results for bordetella culture and/or direct fluorescent ... | 2002 | 11773099 |
| progress in the prevention of otitis media through immunization. | to review the progress that has been made in developing effective vaccines against the major bacterial pathogens responsible for acute otitis media. | 2002 | 11773835 |
| moraxella catarrhalis meningitis: a case report. | 2000 | 11775241 | |
| update on the development and use of viral and bacterial vaccines for the prevention of acute otitis media. | acute otitis media (aom) is the most frequent diagnosis in physician offices among children 1-4 years of age. viruses that cause upper respiratory tract infections (i.e., respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], influenza virus, parainfluenza virus [piv], and others) play an important role in the development of aom. prevention of infections with these viral pathogens likely would reduce the incidence of aom. in three previous studies, influenza virus vaccines showed 30-36% efficacy against the develop ... | 2001 | 11775392 |
| moraxella catarrhalis: from emerging to established pathogen. | moraxella catarrhalis (formerly known as branhamella catarrhalis) has emerged as a significant bacterial pathogen of humans over the past two decades. during this period, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed and improved for m. catarrhalis, allowing the adequate determination and taxonomic positioning of this pathogen. over the same period, studies have revealed its involvement in respiratory (e.g., sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, and pneumonia) and ocular ... | 2002 | 11781271 |
| comparative in vitro potency of gemifloxacin and fluoroquinolones against recent european clinical isolates from a global surveillance study. | gemifloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against gram-positive aerobes, was compared to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin against 21,464 recent isolates from 16 european countries. gemifloxacin was the most potent fluoroquinolone against streptococci including penicillin-, macrolide- and ciprofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, acinetobacter spp., haemophilus spp. and moraxella catarrhalis. this drug was ... | 2001 | 11783700 |
| clinical management of respiratory tract infections in the community: experience with telithromycin. | among adults, acute sinusitis, tonsillitis/pharyngitis, community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) are the most commonly encountered respiratory tract infections (rtis) in the community. empiric antibacterial therapy is the most widely used approach for the treatment of such infections. the appropriate antibacterial requires consideration of a number of patient-, pathogen- and drug-related factors. one additional factor is the global spread of resista ... | 2001 | 11785852 |
| in vitro activities of bms-284756 against chlamydia trachomatis and recent clinical isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. | the in vitro activities of bms-284756 (a novel des-fluoroquinolone), levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and clarithromycin were tested against 5 strains of chlamydia trachomatis and 20 isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae. the mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited and the minimal bactericidal concentration at which 90% of the isolates were killed by bms-284756 for all isolates of c. pneumoniae and c. trachomatis was 0.015 microg/ml (range, 0.015 to 0.03 microg/ml). bms-284756 was the most active ... | 2002 | 11796366 |
| activities of faropenem, an oral beta-lactam, against recent u.s. isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activities of faropenem and other antimicrobial agents were determined against 4,725 streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 2,614 haemophilus influenzae isolates, and 1,193 moraxella catarrhalis isolates collected from 273 u.s. laboratories during 1999. faropenem mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited were 0.008, 0.25, and 1 microg/ml for penicillin-susceptible, -intermediate, and -resistant s. pneumoniae strains, respectively; 0.5 and 1 microg/ml for beta-lactamase-positive and -n ... | 2002 | 11796376 |
| specific ligand binding attributable to individual epitopes of gonococcal transferrin binding protein a. | the gonococcal transferrin receptor complex comprises two iron-regulated proteins, tbpa and tbpb. tbpa is essential for transferrin-iron uptake and is a tonb-dependent integral outer membrane protein. tbpb is thought to increase the efficiency of iron uptake from transferrin and is lipid modified and surface exposed. to evaluate the structure-function relationships in one of the components of the receptor, tbpa, we created constructs that fused individual putative loops of tbpa with amino-termin ... | 2002 | 11796606 |
| antimicrobial activities of cefditoren against respiratory pathogens isolated from children in japan. | there is an increasing spread and incidence of penicillin-resistant bacteria that are becoming less susceptible to commonly prescribed oral antimicrobials, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins. against this background, we undertook this study to determine the prevalence of penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and the in-vitro activity of oral antimitrobials. between april 1996 and december 1997, in 245 children with respiratory tract infections (bronchitis in 61, pharyngitis i ... | 1999 | 11810485 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity and penetration rate into sputum of gatifloxacin, a novel 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone, and its therapeutic efficacy in respiratory infections. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. minimum inhibitory concentrations of gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, and rifampicin against 20 strains each of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 15 strains each of ... | 1999 | 11810507 |
| comparative in vitro activity of carbapenem antibiotics against respiratory pathogens isolated in recent years. | we investigated the antibacterial activity of 12 antibiotics, including 4 carbapenems, against 200 strains of respiratory pathogens isolated in 1997, and compared the results with those obtained in 1993. the strains examined were 38 strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), 32 strains of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 22 strains of penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (pssp), 10 strains of penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae (prsp), 53 strains of pseudom ... | 1999 | 11810511 |
| diffusion of macrolide antibiotics through the outer membrane of moraxella catarrhalis. | we reported previously that the high susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis to macrolide antibiotics and other hydrophobic antimicrobial agents was related to the hydrophobicity of the cell surface. electrophoretic analysis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from m. catarrhalis revealed a deep rough-type profile similar to that of an lps re type mutant of salmonella typhimurium, which also exhibits high susceptibility to macrolides. moreover, treatment of 32p-labeled cells of m. catarrhalis ... | 1999 | 11810516 |
| causative bacteria of respiratory tract infections in kuwait by quantitative culture of sputum. | to determine the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in kuwait, we performed quantitative culture of sputum and measured the susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria against different antibiotics. a total of 140 sputum samples were collected for a period of 14 months for the study. single and multiple pathogens as a cause of infection were isolated from 55 and 15 samples, respectively. a total of 53.8% of streptococcus pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and 52% and 57% of ... | 1999 | 11810521 |
| bacteremic moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia in a patient with immunoglobulin deficiency. | a-75-year old woman with agammaglobulinemia developed moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia. m. catarrhalis pneumonia is rarely associated with bacteremia, and neutrophils have been reported as a significant factor in the host defense system against this bacteria. this case suggests that immunoglobulin also plays a key role in the host defense system against m. catarrhalis. | 2000 | 11810533 |
| bacteremic moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia. | 2000 | 11810536 | |
| comparative in-vitro activity of carbapenem antibiotics against respiratory pathogens isolated between 1999 and 2000. | we investigated the antibacterial activity of 12 antibiotics, inclusive of four carbapenems, against 167 strains of respiratory pathogens isolated between 1999 and 2000. thirty strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), 28 strains of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 11 strains of penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (pssp), 29 strains of penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae (prsp), 30 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 14 strains of moraxella catarrhalis, an ... | 2001 | 11810597 |
| regional trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in the united states: results from the trust surveillance program, 1999-2000. | the ongoing trust (tracking resistance in the united states today) study, which began monitoring antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens in 1996, routinely tracks resistance at national and regional levels. the 1999-2000 trust study analyzed 9499 streptococcus pneumoniae, 1934 haemophilus influenzae, and 1108 moraxella catarrhalis isolates that were prospectively collected from 239 laboratories across the 9 us bureau of the census regions. penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae varied s ... | 2002 | 11810606 |
| outcome of acute otitis media and its relation to clinical features and nasopharyngeal colonization at the time of diagnosis. | children (n = 115; age range 1-9 years) with a diagnosis of acute otitis media (aom) were eligible for this study and were enrolled within 24 h of the onset of symptoms/signs. a nasopharyngeal culture was obtained at the initial visit. children were treated with a single oral antibiotic for 7 days. changes in symptoms/signs and tympanic membrane features assessed by a scoring system were monitored for 1 month and related to the nasopharyngeal pathogen recovered on day 1. more than 80% of childre ... | 2001 | 11813893 |
| review of cefditoren, an advanced-generation, broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin. | cefditoren is an advanced-generation, broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic approved for the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb), group a beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, and uncomplicated skin/skin structure infections in adult and adolescent patients. | 2001 | 11813929 |
| comparative in vitro activity of gemifloxacin to other fluoroquinolones and non-quinolone agents against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the united states in 1999-2000. | this study was undertaken to assess the in vitro activity of gemifloxacin, five other fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and ofloxacin) and other non-quinolone comparator agents (ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, doxycycline, penicillin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole) against streptococcus pneumoniae collected in the united states. susceptibility testing of 550 s. pneumoniae, 290 haemophilus influenzae and 205 moraxella catarrha ... | 2002 | 11814765 |
| susceptibility to moxifloxacin and other antimicrobial agents of major pathogens responsible for community acquired respiratory tract infection in poland. | the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin was compared with that of other antimicrobial agents against 470 bacterial strains isolated from patients with respiratory tract infection. bacteria studied included 110 penicillin susceptible and 110 penicillin non-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae, 50 strains of s. pyogenes, 120 strains of haemophilus influenzae and 80 strains of moraxella catarrhalis. moxifloxacin was the most active of the antimicrobials tested. | 2002 | 11814767 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against local bacterial isolates. | the emergence of resistance to common antimicrobials in bacteria has been increasingly reported in various countries. empirical antimicrobial therapy of various infections would therefore need to be reviewed. the introduction of new fluoroquinolones has created an interest in the use of these as possible agents in the empirical treatment of respiratory tract infections. | 2001 | 11817288 |
| cefditoren pivoxil. | cefditoren pivoxil is an orally absorbed prodrug that is rapidly hydrolysed by intestinal esterases to the microbiologically active cephalosporin cefditoren. cefditoren has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including common respiratory and skin pathogens. cefditoren has shown excellent in vitro activity against the gram-positive pathogens penicillin-susceptible and -intermediate streptococcus pneumoniae, s. pyogenes and methicillin-susceptible staphyl ... | 2002 | 11817976 |
| [inflammation and acute otitis media]. | 1. epithelium of the middle ear: the middle ear has a respiratory type epithelium. the mucus is produced by mucosal and by submucosal cells in the eustachian tube. 2. lymphoid tissue: the defensive barrier of the mucosa is potentialized by lymphoid tissue in the middle ear that produces a local specific immune response. bacterial and viral antigens can induce an inflammatory reaction. 3. tubotymapnic cavities: the humoral immune system (b lymphocytes) secreting igg, iga and igm) and cell mediate ... | 2001 | 11819908 |
| [inflammatory acute rhinosinusitis]. | 1. common cold: a rhinovirus, the causal agent usually found in common cold, stimulates the local abundance of polymorphonuclears resulting from il8 secretion. enzymes and free radicals released by these polymorphonuclears explain the subsequent inflammation. 2. treatment: treatment for viral rhinosinusitis in adults is based on vasoconstrictors, often associated with anti-histamine agents with atropinergic action. the possible contribution of pure atropinergic agents is currently under evaluati ... | 2001 | 11819910 |
| [a clinical study of bacterial infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | to investigate the association of bacteriologic characteristics and bacterial infection in small airway disease. | 1999 | 11820948 |
| activity of cefditoren against beta-lactamase-positive and -negative haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | cefditoren is a novel broad-spectrum oral cephalosporin. to determine the influence of beta-lactamase production on cefditoren activity, 1,170 h. influenzae and 641 m. catarrhalis isolated during 2000 were tested by nccls broth microdilution methodology (m7-a5, 2000). against h. influenzae the potency of cefditoren (mic(90,) 0.015 microg/ml) was similar to that of ceftriaxone (mic(90,) < or = 0.015 microg/ml) and levofloxacin (mic(90,) 0.015 microg/ml), and its mic distribution was unaffected by ... | 2002 | 11821172 |
| phase variable restriction-modification systems in moraxella catarrhalis. | a repetitive dna motif was used as a marker to identify novel genes in the mucosal pathogen moraxella catarrhalis. there is a high prevalence of such repetitive motifs in virulence genes that display phase variable expression. two repeat containing loci were identified using a digoxigenin-labelled 5'-(caac)6-3' oligonucleotide probe. the repeats are located in the methylase components of two distinct type iii restriction-modification (r-m) systems. we suggest that the phase variable nature of th ... | 2002 | 11821238 |
| evaluation of chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae as etiologic agents of persistent cough in adolescents and adults. | chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae were evaluated as agents of persistent cough in adolescents and adults (n = 491). tests of 473 respiratory specimens by culture or pcr or both identified four episodes (0.8%) of m. pneumoniae-associated illness and no episodes of c. pneumoniae illness, suggesting that these bacteria do not frequently cause persistent cough. | 2002 | 11825984 |
| new pyrrolizidinone antibiotics cj-16,264 and cj-16,367. | two new antibiotics, cj-16,264 (i) and cj-16,367 (ii), were isolated from the fermentation broth of an unidentified fungus cl39457. these antibiotics have a pyrrolizidinone skeleton, first discovered in fungi. compounds i and ii inhibit the growth of gram-positive multi-drug resistant bacteria and some gram-negative strains such as moraxella catarrhalis and escherichia coli with altered permeability (imp). comparison of an antibacterial profile between the two compounds suggested that the gamma- ... | 2001 | 11827034 |
| [moraxella catarrhalis as a cause of osteomyelitis in the infant]. | 2002 | 11827662 | |
| bacterial etiology of otitis media with effusion; focusing on the high positivity of alloiococcus otitidis. | the etiology of otitis media with effusion (ome) is unclear. the bacterial analyses of middle ear effusion (mee) in ome may reveal important information regarding its etiology. alloiococcus otitidis, heamophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis were investigated by using microbiologic culture and a multiplex pcr method in the middle ear fluid of 32 children (54 samples) with chronic ome. pcr yielded positive results in 18 (33.3%) middle ear effusions while culture r ... | 2002 | 11837388 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected during 1999-2000 from 13 countries. | to determine antimicrobial activity against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | 2001 | 11843908 |
| [current therapeutical management, new antibiotics and treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacterial ent-infections]. | in bacterial infections of the sinuses and the middle ear streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and staphylococcus aureus are most frequently isolated, whereas in tonsillopharyngitis streptococcus pyogenes is the most important pathogen. s. aureus is found in up to 40 % in acute and chronic sinusitis and causes severe complications in otitis media, therefore antibiotics used as empirical initial treatment should also be effective against this pathogen. to decrea ... | 2002 | 11845401 |
| apparent plateau in beta-lactamase production among clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in the united states: results from the libra surveillance initiative. | haemophilus influenzae (n=2791) and moraxella catarrhalis (n=1249) isolated from patient specimens during 1999 were collected from 290 laboratories participating in a moxifloxacin surveillance study as part of the libra surveillance initiative. isolates were tested for in vitro susceptibility to a panel of agents suitable for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. beta-lactamase production was identified in 32.2% of h. influenzae and 94.2% of m. catarrhalis. these percentages differed by ... | 2002 | 11850164 |
| antimicrobial resistance trends in community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens in the western pacific region and south africa: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, (1998-1999) including an in vitro evaluation of bms284756. | from 1998 to 1999, a large number of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (n=566), haemophilus influenzae (n=513) and moraxella catarrhalis (n=228) were collected from 15 centres in australia, hong kong, japan, china, the philippines, singapore, south africa and taiwan through the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. isolates were tested against 26 antimicrobial agents using the nccls-recommended methods. overall, 40% of s. pneumoniae isolates were resi ... | 2002 | 11850165 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of dq-113, a potent quinolone, against clinical isolates. | the antibacterial activity of dq-113, formerly d61-1113, was compared with those of antibacterial agents currently available. mics at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited (mic90s) of dq-113 against clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible and -resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci were 0.03, 0.008, 0.03, and 0.06 microg/ml, respectively. moreover, dq-113 showed the most potent activity against ofloxacin-resistant ... | 2002 | 11850285 |
| intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of telithromycin, a new ketolide, in healthy japanese volunteers. | the concentrations of telithromycin, a new ketolide antimicrobial agent, in alveolar macrophages (ams) and bronchoalveolar epithelial lining fluid (elf) were determined in order to investigate the transfer of the drug into target tissue, relative to plasma, following multiple oral doses of telithromycin. twenty-four healthy male japanese volunteers were randomly allocated to four groups. each subject was given 600 or 800 mg of telithromycin once daily for 5 days, followed by bronchoalveolar lava ... | 2002 | 11850288 |
| [antibiotic resistance: infections of the upper respiratory tract and bronchi. when are antibiotics necessary?]. | antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract pathogens has become an increasing problem worldwide during the last 10-20 years. the wide use of antimicrobial agents in ambulatory practice has contributed to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the community, namely streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the pneumococcus has developed resistance to most antibiotics used for its treatment. classes with important resistance problems in ... | 2002 | 11851042 |
| role of nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in the evaluation of recurrent middle ear infections in children. | objective: to study the nasopharyngeal colonization in otitis-prone children before and after adenoidectomy. methods: the study population consisted of 35 children between 11 months and 4 years of age, undergoing adenoidectomy and tube placement for recurrent acute otitis media. all these children were otitis prone (op). during general anesthesia, bacteriologic samples were obtained from the nasopharynx and the middle ear fluid, if present. during the follow-up visit, a new nasopharyngeal cultur ... | 1999 | 11851704 |
| the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis explored using a pharmacodynamic model. | objective: to assess the antibacterial action of moxifloxacin on haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection. methods: serum concentrations in humans associated with doses of 400 mg once a day for 48 h were simulated and the antibacterial effect measured by the log change in viable count at intervals through the simulation compared to time zero and also the area under the bacterial kill curve (aubkc). wild-type strains of h. influenzae an ... | 1999 | 11856249 |
| in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against selected bacterial pathogens isolated in italy. | objective: to evaluate the activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin, a new injectable streptogramin, against 732 clinical strains recently isolated in italy. methods: susceptibility tests were performed according to nccls-guided mic methodology. pathogens included in the evaluation included 108 staphylococcus aureus isolates, 124 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates, 158 streptococcus pyogenes isolates, 30 streptococcus agalactiae isolates, 30 b-hemolytic streptococcal isolates, 18 streptococ ... | 1999 | 11856292 |
| clinical comparison of cefuroxime axetil with cefixime in the treatment of acute bronchitis. | acute bronchitis is the ninth most common outpatient illness seen by physicians in the united states. oral antibiotic treatment is usually directed empirically against the most common bacterial pathogens associated with acute bronchitis, such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. although cefuroxime axetil and cefixime are both approved in the united states for treatment of acute bronchitis, currently they have not undergone direct clinical comparison fo ... | 1996 | 11862302 |
| cq-397 and cq-414: antimicrobial activity and spectrum of two fluoroquinolone---cephalosporin, dual-action compounds with carboxamido bonds. | objective: to evaluate the potential spectrum of activity of two novel dual-action compounds with carboxamido bonds (cq-397 and cq-414; laboratorios aranda, san rafael, mexico) against human pathogens. methods: approximately 800 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic clinical bacteria were tested in vitro using the mueller-hinton broth microdilution method of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards. results: cq-397 (cefamandole+enrofloxacin) and cq-414 (cefamandole+norfloxacin) ... | 1997 | 11864130 |
| pharmacodynamic properties of hmr 3004, a novel ketolide, on respiratory pathogens, enterococci and bacteroides fragilis demonstrated by studies of time kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. | objective: the pharmacodynamic properties of the novel ketolide (a new class of macrolide) antibiotic, hmr 3004, were investigated by studying time-kill kinetics and postantibiotic effect. methods: the time-kill kinetics were studied at two inocula against three strains each of staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium and bacteroides fragilis. the postantibiotic effects of h ... | 1998 | 11864324 |
| longitudinal study of trachomatous trichiasis in the gambia. | investigation of the natural history of trachomatous trichiasis in the gambia and of the outcome of self epilation and surgery for the condition. | 2002 | 11864895 |
| systemic and mucosal antibody response to moraxella catarrhalis after exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | to characterize the immune response to moraxella catarrhalis after exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), pre- and postexacerbation serum and sputum supernatant samples obtained during 21 exacerbations in 18 patients were studied, using the homologous infecting isolates. new serum immunoglobulin g (igg) detected by whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay developed after 12 (57.1%) of 21 exacerbations. analysis of serum samples with flow cytometry, which detects antib ... | 2002 | 11865420 |
| pharmacological treatments for rhinosinusitis. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (abrs) is a well-recognised and common problem confronting many primary care physicians but the abuse of antibiotic therapy for viral aetiologies of abrs has lead to widespread bacterial resistance. the once easily-eradicated pathogens have developed many mechanisms to resist antimicrobial therapies. the most common pathogens streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis are still found in cultures of sinus cavities but staphylococcus a ... | 2002 | 11866681 |
| comparative in vitro activity of apalcillin alone and combined with ro 48-1220, a novel penam beta-lactamase inhibitor. | objective: the in vitro activity of apalcillin plus ro 48-1220, a novel penam sulfone beta-lactamase inhibitor, was compared with apalcillin alone, piperacillin/tazobactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftazidime and cefepime. methods: agar dilution and broth microdilution testing of 854 bacterial strains, subcultured from frozen stocks incubated for 24 h in 5% carbon dioxide, was carried out to determine the minimum bactericidal (mbc) and minimum inhibito ... | 1995 | 11866735 |
| community-acquired pneumonia: epidemiologic and clinical considerations. | an incidence of between 2 and 44 per 1000 population has been reported for community-acquired pneumonia. epidemiologic studies describe a wide range of causative organisms, including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella spp., moraxella catarrhalis, chlamydia pneumoniae and viruses such as influenza a and b. however, the frequency with which they are reported varies widely. on analysis of these studies, the variation can be explained by a number of f ... | 1996 | 11866796 |
| bacteriologic diagnosis of respiratory tract infections. | the use of the gram stain for determination of the presence of bacteria in respiratory secretions is described. success of the procedure depends on the use of fresh samples of high cellular quality. the gram stain can be used to distinguish the presence (among other organisms) of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis enterobacteria and pseudomonas. this paper also discusses the use of sputum samples for bacteriologic culture and the value of bacterial counts i ... | 1996 | 11866797 |
| microbial etiologies of acute otitis media. | the bacterial etiology of acute otitis media (aom) in children is well known; streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis account for up to 80% of the cases. negative cultures are obtained from 15 to 34% of the middle ear effusions obtained from patients with aom and could represent non-viable bacterial organisms, chlamydia, mycoplasma, anaerobes and, perhaps, new and unknown organisms. viruses are rarely involved as a cause of aom but upper respiratory tract infec ... | 1997 | 11869224 |
| structure of grepafloxacin relative to activity and safety profile. | a comparison of the structure of ciprofloxacin and grepafloxacin shows that the two compounds are similar, with two exceptions: grepafloxacin has a methyl group at the 5 position and a methyl group attached to the 7-piperazinyl substituent. at the 1 position, both compounds have a cyclopropyl group, which is important for potency, but limits anaerobic activity. the methylpiperazine at position 7 in grepafloxacin is associated with its enhanced gram-positive activity and long half-life. the methy ... | 1998 | 11869245 |
| grepafloxacin: pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration. | pharmacokinetic and tissue penetration studies of grepafloxacin, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, show that it has useful properties for the treatment of respiratory tract infections. grepafloxacin has a volume of distribution that is larger than those of many of the other fluoroquinolones and is concentrated in alveolar macrophages, bronchial mucosa and epithelial lining fluid to a greater extent than are certain other fluoroquinolones. grepafloxacin concentrations achieved in plasma after ... | 1998 | 11869246 |
| clinical efficacy and tolerability of grepafloxacin in lower respiratory tract infection. | studies in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) have compared grepafloxacin, 600 mg o.d. for 7--10 days, with amoxycillin, 500 mg t.d.s., cefaclor, 500 mg t.d.s., or clarithromycin, 250 mg b.d. grepafloxacin appeared to be clinically as effective as the comparators. in cap caused by haemophilus influenzae, grepafloxacin was significantly superior to amoxycillin (p=0.005) and cefaclor (p=0.003) and equivalent to clarithromycin in eradicating the infecting organism. bacterial eradication with grepaf ... | 1998 | 11869247 |
| bacterial interference between pathogens in otitis media and alpha-haemolytic streptococci analysed in an in vitro model. | bacterial interference studied by means of agar methods has shown a decreased number of inhibitory alpha-haemolytic streptococci among otitis-prone children. additional information was gained regarding the interplay between alpha-haemolytic streptococci (ahs) and otitis media (om) pathogens by comparing the bacterial interference in broth with the interference activity studied using agar overlay methods. we found, that non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and moraxella catarrhalis are read ... | 2002 | 11876603 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis from community acquired respiratory infections in 2000]. | the viriato study is a nationwide, multicenter prospective study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens commonly associated with community-acquired respiratory tract infections in portugal. in 2000, 28 laboratories participated in the study with a total of 1071 strains, with testing undertaken in a central laboratory. of the 213 streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis, all were susceptible to penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and cefurox ... | 2001 | 11878155 |
| novel pcr-probe assay for detection of and discrimination between legionella pneumophila and other legionella species in clinical samples. | 2002 | 11880461 | |
| management of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is an infection of the nasal epithelium and paranasal sinus mucosa, usually caused in children by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and, less frequently, group a streptococcus species. the clinical diagnosis is based on daytime cough that may be worse at night or purulent rhinorrhea, or both, lasting at least 10 days, often worsening after a period of initial improvement after initial symptoms of the common cold, and often ass ... | 2002 | 11880740 |
| vaccine prevention of acute otitis media. | the incidence of acute otitis media (aom) in infants and young children has increased dramatically in recent years in the united states. aom often follows upper respiratory tract infections due to pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus, and parainfluenza virus (piv). these viruses cause eustachian tube dysfunction that is critical to the pathogenesis of aom. vaccines against these viruses would likely reduce the incidence of aom. in three previous studies, influenza ... | 2001 | 11892059 |
| moxifloxacin sensitivity of respiratory pathogens in the united kingdom. | the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and comparator agents against respiratory isolates from a range of geographically distinct centres around the united kingdom was investigated in the following study. clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 257), haemophilus influenzae (n = 399) and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 253) were obtained between march 1998 and april 1999 from nine centres in the united kingdom. sensitivity was determined by testing each isolate for its minimum inhibitory con ... | 2002 | 11892894 |
| telithromycin. aventis pharma. | the ketolide telithromycin (hmr-3647; ketek), a derivative of clarithromycin, has been launched by aventis pharma (formerly hoechst marion roussel) for the treatment of respiratory tract infections with gram-positive or gram-negative cocci, haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, intracellular pathogens, atypical microorganisms, toxoplasma or anaerobic bacteria. by may 2001, filings in the us and eu had been completed and a filing in japan was expected to take pl ... | 2001 | 11892930 |
| inactivation of the moraxella catarrhalis superoxide dismutase soda induces constitutive expression of iron-repressible outer membrane proteins. | many pathogens produce one or more superoxide dismutases (sods), enzymes involved in the detoxification of endogenous and exogenous reactive oxygen species that are encountered during the infection process. one detectable cytoplasmic sod was identified in the human mucosal pathogen moraxella catarrhalis, and the gene responsible for the sod activity, soda, was isolated from a recent pediatric clinical isolate (strain 7169). sequence analysis of the cloned m. catarrhalis 7169 dna fragment reveale ... | 2002 | 11895952 |
| current status of antimicrobial resistance in taiwan. | while some trends in antimicrobial resistance rates are universal, others appear to be unique for specific regions. in taiwan, the strikingly high prevalence of resistance to macrolides and streptogramin in clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria correlates with the widespread use of these agents in the medical and farming communities, respectively. the relatively low rate of enterococci that are resistant to glycopeptide does not parallel the high use of glycopeptides and extended-spectrum ... | 2002 | 11897063 |
| development of a whole-cell assay for peptidoglycan biosynthesis inhibitors. | osmotically stabilized escherichia coli cells subjected to freezing and thawing were utilized as the source of enzymes for a peptidoglycan pathway assay that can be used to simultaneously test all targets of the committed steps of cell wall biosynthesis. the use of (14)c-labeled udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udp-glcnac) as a substrate allows the direct detection of cross-linked peptidoglycan formed. the assay was validated with known antibiotics. fosfomycin was the strongest inhibitor of the pathway ... | 2002 | 11897573 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of a novel cephalosporin, bms-247243, against organisms other than staphylococci. | bms-247243, a novel cephalosporin inhibitory for methicillin-resistant staphylococci, primarily has activity against gram-positive bacteria. the activities of bms-247243, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone against streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae were similar. bms-247243 inhibits enterococcus faecalis but not enterococcus faecium. bms-247243 also inhibits many inherently vancomycin-resistant species (leuconstoc, lactobacillus, pediococcus) and anaerobic gram-positive bacteria. | 2002 | 11897599 |
| in vitro activities of peptide deformylase inhibitors against gram-positive pathogens. | the activities of six peptide deformylase (pdf) inhibitors against 107 respiratory tract pathogens were studied and compared to those of ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. against streptococcus pneumoniae, bb-83698 and bb-83815 were the most active pdf inhibitors (mic at which 90% of the organisms tested were inhibited [mic(90)], 0.25 microg/ml). five of the agents showed similar activity against moraxella catarrhalis (mic(90), 0.12 microg/ml). all pdf inhibitors were less active against ... | 2002 | 11897602 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 2001 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2002 | 11897615 | |
| [investigate of nasopharyngeal flora in highly aged patients]. | to clarify the bacteriological interpretation of flora in the nasopharynx of highly aged patients (n = 107), healthy nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from subjects of advanced age. chief pathogenic bacteria isolated from highly aged persons were coagulase negative staphylococcus (43 strains), corynebacterium spp. (14 strains), methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase production and non-production) (16 strains), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (beta-lactamase pr ... | 2002 | 11905003 |
| the outer membrane proteins uspa1 and uspa2 of moraxella catarrhalis are highly conserved in nasopharyngeal isolates from young children. | uspa1 and uspa2 of moraxella catarrhalis are vaccine candidates. the aims of this study were to determine: (1) the frequencies of occurrence and (2) the degrees of conservation of two surface-exposed epitopes of the uspa1 and uspa2 genes and their respective gene products in 108 nasopharyngeal isolates from young children. the uspa1 and uspa2 genes were detected in 107 (99%) and 108 (100%) isolates, respectively. twenty-three of 108 uspa2 genes (21%) were identified as the variant gene uspa2h. o ... | 2002 | 11906762 |
| effect of amoxicillin and co-amoxiclav on the aerobic and anaerobic nasopharyngeal flora. | the effects of co-amoxiclav (amc) and amoxicillin (amx) therapy on the nasopharyngeal flora of children with acute otitis media (aom) were compared. nasopharyngeal culture for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were obtained before therapy and 2-4 days after completion of antimicrobial therapy in 25 patients treated with either antibiotic. after therapy, 16 (64%) of the 25 patients treated with amx and 23 (92%) of the 25 patients treated with amc were considered clinically cured. polymicrobial aerob ... | 2002 | 11909846 |
| diagnosis and management of acute otitis media in the urgent care setting. | the prevalence of otitis media is increasing, which affects health care resource utilization across all segments, including the urgent care setting. one of the greatest challenges in the management of acute otitis media (aom) is the effective treatment of cases caused by pathogens that are resistant to commonly used antibiotics. whereas the production of beta-lactamases among strains of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis is an important consideration for antimicrobial therapy, the ... | 2002 | 11919528 |
| beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations in empiric management of pediatric infections. | beta-lactam antibiotics have long played a central role in the management of pediatric infections. however, widespread beta-lactam resistance among community- and hospital-acquired pathogens, mainly due to beta-lactamase production, has reduced the usefulness of these trusted and well-tolerated agents. many regions have reported an increase in beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems as well as penicillins among clinically important gram-positive and gram-negative aer ... | 2002 | 11921490 |