Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| natural supplements for h1n1 influenza: retrospective observational infodemiology study of information and search activity on the internet. | as the incidence of h1n1 increases, the lay public may turn to the internet for information about natural supplements for prevention and treatment. | 2011 | 21558062 |
| universal oligonucleotide microarray for sub-typing of influenza a virus. | a universal microchip was developed for genotyping influenza a viruses. it contains two sets of oligonucleotide probes allowing viruses to be classified by the subtypes of hemagglutinin (h1-h13, h15, h16) and neuraminidase (n1-n9). additional sets of probes are used to detect h1n1 swine influenza viruses. selection of probes was done in two steps. initially, amino acid sequences specific to each subtype were identified, and then the most specific and representative oligonucleotide probes were se ... | 2011 | 21559081 |
| sex- and age-related differences in morbidity rates of 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus of swine origin in japan. | the objective of the present study was to determine whether the morbidity rates of the 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus (pdmh1n1) varied by age and/or sex. | 2011 | 21559366 |
| pa residues in the 2009 h1n1 pandemic influenza virus enhance avian virus polymerase activity in mammalian cells. | the 2009 pandemic influenza virus (ph1n1) is a swine-origin reassortant containing human, avian, and swine influenza genes. we have previously shown that the polymerase complex of the ph1n1 strain a/california/04/2009 (cal) is highly active in mammalian 293t cells, despite the avian origin of both its pa and pb2. in this study, we analyzed the polymerase residues that are responsible for high ph1n1 polymerase activity in the mammalian host. characterization of polymerase complexes containing var ... | 2011 | 21561908 |
| substitution of specific cysteine residues in e1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus strain brescia affects formation of e1-e2 heterodimers and alters virulence in swine. | e1, along with e(rns) and e2, is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv). e1 and e2 are anchored to the virus envelope at their carboxyl termini and e(rns) loosely associates with the viral envelope. in infected cells, e2 forms homodimers and heterodimers with e1 mediated by disulfide bridges between cysteine residues. the e1 protein of csfv strain brescia contains six cysteine residues at positions 5, 20, 24, 94, 123 and 171. the role of these residues in t ... | 2011 | 21561909 |
| genetic diversity and antiviral drug resistance of pandemic h1n1 2009 in lebanon. | background: in june 2009, the world health organization announced the 21st century's first influenza pandemic caused by pandemic influenza h1n1 2009 (h1n1 pdm). objectives: our goal was to analyze antiviral drug resistance and the phylogenetic relationships among hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes of h1n1 pdm samples in lebanon. study design: nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 197 patients with influenza-like illness from may 2009 through january 2010. of the 50 influenza a-po ... | 2011 | 21565547 |
| dynamic variations in the peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups of patients with 2009 pandemic h1n1 swine-origin influenza a virus infection. | abstract: | 2011 | 21569236 |
| development and evaluation of an m2-293ft cell-based flow cytometric assay for quantification of antibody response to native form of matrix protein 2 of influenza a viruses. | matrix protein 2 (m2) of influenza a viruses is an attractive target for the development of broadly cross-protective influenza vaccines and therapeutic antibodies. the available evidence suggests that antibodies reactive to the natural tetrameric form of m2 proteins, rather than those to synthetic peptides of m2 ectodomain (m2e), best correlate with m2-mediated immune protection. however, the current ability to quantify strain-specific and/or subtype-cross-reactive m2 antibodies against the natu ... | 2011 | 21570401 |
| involvement of type i immune responses in swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus infection. | swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus (s-oiv) appeared in 2009 with a higher incidence rate among children. although fever was the most common symptom, some complicated cases occurred. we evaluated the percentages of effector t cells, b cells, and regulatory t cells in peripheral blood from 5 children infected by s-oiv (1 with acute necrotizing encephalitis, 2 with pneumonia, and 2 without complications), 5 children with seasonal influenza, and 5 healthy children. we found higher percentages of t-be ... | 2011 | 21571020 |
| the use of twitter to track levels of disease activity and public concern in the u.s. during the influenza a h1n1 pandemic. | twitter is a free social networking and micro-blogging service that enables its millions of users to send and read each other's "tweets," or short, 140-character messages. the service has more than 190 million registered users and processes about 55 million tweets per day. useful information about news and geopolitical events lies embedded in the twitter stream, which embodies, in the aggregate, twitter users' perspectives and reactions to current events. by virtue of sheer volume, content embed ... | 2011 | 21573238 |
| estimating background rates of guillain-barre syndrome in ontario in order to respond to safety concerns during pandemic h1n1/09 immunization campaign. | abstract: background: the province of ontario, canada initiated mass immunization clinics with adjuvanted pandemic h1n1 influenza vaccine in october 2009. due to the campaign's scale, temporal associations with guillain-barre syndrome (gbs) and vaccination were expected. the objectives of this analysis were to estimate the number of background gbs cases expected to occur in the projected vaccinated population and to estimate the number of additional gbs cases which would be expected if an associ ... | 2011 | 21586163 |
| comparative pathology in ferrets infected with h1n1 influenza a viruses isolated from different hosts. | virus replication and pulmonary disease pathogenesis in ferrets following intranasal infection with a pandemic influenza strain (a/california/4/09; ca09), a human seasonal influenza h1n1 isolate (a/new caledonia/20/99; ncal99), a classical swine influenza h1n1 isolate (a/swine/iowa/15/30; sw30), or an avian h1n1 isolate (a/mallard/mn/a108-2355/08; mal08) were compared. nasal wash virus titers were similar for ncal99 and sw30 with peak virus titers of 10(5.1) tcid(50)/ml and 10(5.5) tcid(50)/ml o ... | 2011 | 21593156 |
| design and performance of the cdc real-time rt-pcr swine flu panel for detection of 2009 a (h1n1) pandemic influenza virus. | swine influenza viruses (siv), have been shown to sporadically infect humans, and are infrequently identified by influenza division of the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) after being received as unsubtypable influenza a virus samples. real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) procedures for detection and characterization of north american lineage (n.am) siv were developed and implemented at cdc for rapid identification of specimens from cases of suspected infections with siv. these procedures ... | 2011 | 21593260 |
| [effect of antiviral drugs with various mechanisms of action on morphogenesis of infection caused by extremely pathogenic influenza virus strains in animals]. | the effect of meglumine salt of acridonoacetic acid (cycloferon) on the in vivo morphogenesis of influenza infection caused by viruses of different origin (avian, swine and human) and variable susceptibility to antivirals (rimantadine and oseltamivir) has been studied. the administration of cycloferon results in stimulation of the immune response, restriction of the foci of post-influenza pneumonia, and normalization of the structure of respiratory zones independently of the susceptibility or re ... | 2011 | 21598632 |
| evolutionary genomics of the pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza viruses (ph1n 1v). | abstract: background, a new strain of human h1n1 influenza a viruses was broken out in the april 2009 and caused worldwide pandemic emergency. the present study is trying to estimate a temporal reassortment history of 2009 h1n1 viruses by phylogenetic analysis based on total 394 sequences of h1n1viruses isolated from swine, human and aves. results, phylogenetic trees of eight gene segments showed that viruses sampled from human formed a well-supported clade, whereas swine and avian lineages were ... | 2011 | 21600019 |
| genetic characterization of swine influenza viruses (h3n2) isolated from minnesota in 2006-2007. | triple-reassortant (tr) h3n2 swine influenza viruses (siv) are a major cause of respiratory disease in swine worldwide, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. continuous surveillance of circulating siv strains is imperative for effective control and prediction of new emerging strains with interspecies transmission potential. the current study characterized siv isolates from commercial swine population in usa (2006-2007). nine isolates were completely sequenced, and the molecular evolution ... | 2011 | 21603982 |
| swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) viral infection: thoracic findings on ct. | objective: the purpose of this article is to illustrate and describe various ct manifestations of swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) viral infection. conclusion: the imaging findings seen in patients with h1n1 infection include consolidations, ground-glass opacities, interlobular septal thickening, small nodules, and findings suggestive of small airways disease, among others. definitive diagnosis is based on correlation of the ct findings with the clinical symptoms and laboratory test results. | 2011 | 21606260 |
| outbreak of pandemic influenza (h1n1) 2009 in pigs in korea. | 2011 | 21610000 | |
| role for proteases and hla-g in the pathogenicity of influenza a viruses. | influenza is one of the most common infectious diseases in humans occurring as seasonal epidemic and sporadic pandemic outbreaks. the ongoing infections of humans with avian h5n1 influenza a viruses (iav) and the past 2009 pandemic caused by the quadruple human/avian/swine reassortant (h1n1) virus highlights the permanent threat caused by these viruses. this review aims to describe the interaction between the virus and the host, with a particular focus on the role of proteases and hla-g in the p ... | 2011 | 21612979 |
| long-term evolution and transmission dynamics of swine influenza a virus. | swine influenza a viruses (swiv) cause significant economic losses in animal husbandry as well as instances of human disease and occasionally give rise to human pandemics, including that caused by the h1n1/2009 virus. the lack of systematic and longitudinal influenza surveillance in pigs has hampered attempts to reconstruct the origins of this pandemic. most existing swine data were derived from opportunistic samples collected from diseased pigs in disparate geographical regions, not from prospe ... | 2011 | 21614079 |
| study of specific oligosaccharide structures related with swine flu (h1n1) and avian flu, and tamiflu as their remedy. | the infection of pandemic influenza viruses such as swine flu (h1n1) and avian flu viruses to the host cells is related to the following two factors: first, the surface protein such as ha (hemagglutinin) and na (neuraminidase) of the influenza virus. second, the specific structure of the oligosaccharide [sialic acid(alpha2-6) galactose(beta1-4)glucose or sialic acid(alpha2-3)galactose(beta1-4)glucose] on the host cell. after recognizing the specific structure of the oligosaccharide on the surfac ... | 2011 | 21617340 |
| feasibility of inter-hospital transportation using extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) support of patients affected by severe swine-flu(h1n1)-related ards. | abstract: background: to describe the organization of an ecmo-centre from triage by telephone to the phase of inter-hospital transportation with ecmo of patients affected by h1n1-induced ards, describing techniques and equipment used. methods: from september 2009 to january 2010, 18 patients with h1n1-induced ards were referred to our ecmo-centre from other hospitals. six patients had contraindications to treatment with ecmo and remained in the local hospital. twelve patients were transported to ... | 2011 | 21619644 |
| profile of h1n1 infection in a tertiary care center. | background: a novel swine origin influenza virus (h1n1) is spreading worldwide and threatens to become pandemic.h1n1 critical illness mostly affects young patients and is often fatal. aim: the aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical characteristic of h1n1 infection in a tertiary care hospital. materials and methods: a total of 92 nasal and pharyngeal swabs from suspected cases of swine flu were processed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr). result: ... | 2011 | 21623082 |
| the influenza pandemic of 2009: lessons and implications. | influenza is a moving target, which evolves in unexpected directions and is recurrent annually. the 2009 influenza a/h1n1 pandemic virus was unlike the 2009 seasonal virus strains and originated in pigs prior to infecting humans. three strains of viruses gave rise to the pandemic virus by antigenic shift, reassortment, and recombination, which occurred in pigs as 'mixing vessels'. the three strains of viruses had originally been derived from birds, pigs, and humans. the influenza hemagglutinin ( ... | 2011 | 21623644 |
| anti-influenza activity of marchantins, macrocyclic bisbibenzyls contained in liverworts. | the h1n1 influenza a virus of swine-origin caused pandemics throughout the world in 2009 and the highly pathogenic h5n1 avian influenza virus has also caused epidemics in southeast asia in recent years. the threat of influenza a thus remains a serious global health issue and novel drugs that target these viruses are highly desirable. influenza a possesses an endonuclease within its rna polymerase which comprises pa, pb1 and pb2 subunits. to identify potential new anti-influenza compounds in our ... | 2011 | 21625478 |
| swine flu mimicking acute abdomen in pregnancy. | 2011 | 21627432 | |
| pandemic response lessons from influenza h1n1 2009 in asia. | during april 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza a virus strain was identified in mexico and the united states of america. within weeks the virus had spread globally and the first pandemic of the 21(st) century had been declared. it is unlikely to be the last and it is crucial that real lessons are learned from the experience. asia is considered a hot spot for the emergence of new pathogens including past influenza pandemics. on this occasion whilst preparing for an avian, highly virulent influenza vir ... | 2011 | 21627715 |
| simultaneous detection and subtyping of h274y-positive influenza a (h1n1) using pyrosequencing. | we investigated the frequency of h274y-positive swine-origin 2009 a (h1n1) influenza virus outbreak in thailand during may-august 2009. | 2011 | 21628810 |
| virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome caused by pandemic swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) in a patient after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. | 2011 | 21628863 | |
| when ordinary days become extraordinary: the response to h1n1 at the izaak walton killam health centre. | in april 2009, the h1n1 swine flu virus entered canada with a sentinel case presenting in a private school in windsor, nova scotia, signaling the beginning of wave 1 of a pandemic. by june, the world health organization raised the alert level to 6. wave 2 was expected in 4 to 6 months. between waves, the iwk took the opportunity to revise pandemic plans that had been prepared for the h5n1 avian influenza virus to ensure that the organization would be prepared for the emergency response that woul ... | 2011 | 21630622 |
| mf59 adjuvant enhances diversity and affinity of antibody-mediated immune response to pandemic influenza vaccines. | oil-in-water adjuvants have been shown to improve immune responses against pandemic influenza vaccines as well as reduce the effective vaccine dose, increasing the number of doses available to meet global vaccine demand. here, we use genome fragment phage display libraries and surface plasmon resonance to elucidate the effects of mf59 on the quantity, diversity, specificity, and affinity maturation of human antibody responses to the swine-origin h1n1 vaccine in different age groups. in adults an ... | 2011 | 21632986 |
| international disease monitoring, october to december, 2010. | african swine fever in the caucasus and leningrad regions of russia. equine infectious anaemia in several eu member states. foot-and-mouth disease in bulgaria--the first in an eu member state since 2007. highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 in the far east. west nile virus in southern europe. these are among matters discussed in the international disease monitoring report for october to december 2010, prepared by defra's food and farming group, veterinary science team. | 2011 | 21634047 |
| molecular epidemiology of novel swine origin influenza virus (s-oiv) from gwalior, india, 2009. | abstract: background: the h1n1pandemic virus is a newly emergent human influenza a virus that is closely related to a number of currently circulating pig viruses in the 'classic north american' and 'eurasian' swine influenza virus lineages and thus referred as s-oiv. since the first reports of the virus in humans in april 2009, h1n1 virus has spread to 168 countries and overseas territories. india also witnessed severe h1n1 pandemic virus epidemic with considerable morbidity and mortality in dif ... | 2011 | 21645421 |
| analysis of influenza a viruses of subtype h1 from wild birds, turkeys and pigs in germany reveals interspecies transmission events. | despite considerable host species barriers, interspecies transmissions of influenza a viruses between wild birds, poultry and pigs have been demonstrated repeatedly. in particular, viruses of the subtypes h1 and h3 were transmitted between pigs and poultry, predominantly turkeys, in regions with a high population density of both species. the recovery of a swine influenza h1n1 virus from a turkey flock in germany in 2009 prompted us to investigate molecularly the subtype h1 viruses recently detec ... | 2011 | 21651738 |
| cross-protective immunity to influenza ph1n1 2009 viruses induced by seasonal a(h3n2) virus is mediated by virus-specific t cells. | influenza a(h1n1) viruses of swine origin were introduced into the human population in 2009 and caused a pandemic. the disease burden in the elderly was relatively low, which was attributed to the presence of cross-reacting serum antibodies raised against seasonal influenza a(h1n1) viruses that circulated before 1957 in this age group. it has been described that also infection with heterosubtypic influenza viruses can induce some degree of protection against infection with a novel strain of infl ... | 2011 | 21653752 |
| rapid separation and identification of the subtypes of swine and equine influenza a viruses by electromigration techniques with uv and fluorometric detection. | influenza a is viral disease, which is a cause of yearly epidemics and, potentially, pandemics. the conventional techniques used today are equipment-demanding, time-consuming and laborious. recently, we have confirmed that the capillary isoelectric focusing is a suitable fast alternative for the verifying of virus purity. in the wide ph gradient of ph range 2.0-7.5 the isoelectric points for subtypes of equine (h3n8) and swine (h1n2) influenza a viruses were determined approximately as 6.6 and 6 ... | 2011 | 21655602 |
| comparison of humoral and cellular immune responses to inactivated swine influenza virus vaccine in weaned pigs. | humoral and cellular immune responses to inactivated swine influenza virus (siv) vaccine were evaluated and compared. fifty 3-week-old weaned pigs were randomly divided into the non-vaccinated control group and vaccinated group containing 25 pigs each. pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly twice with adjuvanted uv-inactivated a/sw/mn/02011/08 (mn/08) h1n2 siv vaccine at 6 and 9 weeks of age. whole blood samples for multi-parameter flow cytometry (mp-fcm) and serum samples for hemagglutination inh ... | 2011 | 21664701 |
| one-step assay for detecting influenza virus using dynamic light scattering and gold nanoparticles. | herein we detail the development of a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for quantitative detection of influenza a virus using dynamic light scattering (dls) and gold nanoparticle (aunp) labels. influenza-specific antibodies are conjugated to aunps, and aggregation of the aunp probes is induced upon addition of the target virus. dls is used to measure the extent of aggregation and the mean hydrodynamic diameter is correlated to virus concentration. the effects of nanoparticle concentration and ... | 2011 | 21666913 |
| estimation of seroprevalence of the pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus using a novel virus-free elisa assay for the detection of specific antibodies. | the pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza a emerged in april 2009 and spread rapidly all over the world. in greece, the first case of the pandemic h1n1 was reported on may 18, 2009, while a considerable increase in the number of cases was noticed at the beginning of july 2009. the need for surveillance of the immune status of the greek population led us to develop a virus-free elisa that specifically recognizes pandemic h1n1 2009 influenza virus antibodies in human sera. the method is based on the use of ... | 2011 | 21668363 |
| experimental transmission of avian-like swine h1n1 influenza virus between immunologically na├»ve and vaccinated pigs. | please cite this paper as: lloyd et┬áal. (2011) experimental transmission of avian-like swine h1n1 influenza virus between immunologically na├»ve and vaccinated pigs. influenza and other respiratory viruses 5(5), 357-364. backgroundôçé infection of pigs with swine influenza has been studied experimentally and in the field; however, little information is available on the natural transmission of this virus in pigs. two studies in an experimental transmission model are presented here, one in immuno ... | 2011 | 21668691 |
| swine flu (h1n1) infection among patients with neurologic disorders. a review of published evidence. | although the 2009 swine flu (h1n1) pandemic has apparently been abolished, there are still lessons to be learnt. we reviewed the clinical and pathological manifestations of cns involvement of influenza a virus infection. neurologic disorders were most commonly seen as underlying medical conditions in swine flu, and neurological complications of the h1n1 vaccination. the major point with regard to the h1n1 pandemic is a mild disease with high contagiosity, which can have severe outcomes in those ... | 2011 | 21677609 |
| expression of myeloperoxidase in swine influenza virus (siv)-infected neutrophils in lungs from pigs experimentally infected with siv subtype h1n2. | the expression of myeloperoxidase (mpo) was examined in the swine influenza virus (siv)-infected neutrophils in the lungs of pigs experimentally infected with swine influenza virus (siv) subtype h1n2 by immunohistochemistry. five pigs each from the infected and non-infected group were euthanized 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10-ádays post-inoculation (dpi). immunohistochemical reactivity was mainly seen in neutrophils. the score for pulmonary histopathological lesions correlated with the score for mpo immunoh ... | 2011 | 21688042 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility of swine influenza a viruses isolated in germany between 1981 and 2008. | european swine influenza a viruses donated the matrix protein 2 as well as the neuraminidase (na) gene to pandemic influenza a (h1n1) viruses that emerged in 2009. as a result, the latter became amantadine resistant and neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) susceptible. these recent developments reflecting the close connection between influenza a virus infection chains in humans and pigs urge an antiviral surveillance within swine influenza a viruses. here, nai susceptibility of 204 serologically typed ... | 2011 | 21688167 |
| a-ágel-capture assay for characterizing the sialyl-glycan selectivity of influenza viruses. | sialic acids (sa) usually linked to galactose (gal) in an +¦2,6- or +¦2,3-configuration are considered the main cell receptors for influenza viruses, in particular for their hemagglutinins (ha). the typing of influenza virus ha receptor selectivity is relevant for understanding the transmissibility of avian and swine viruses to the human population. in this study we developed a simple and inexpensive gel-capture assay (gca) of the influenza virus ha receptor-binding selectivity. its principle is ... | 2011 | 21692561 |
| ampliPHOX colorimetric detection on a DNA microarray for influenza. | DNA microarrays have emerged as a powerful tool for pathogen detection. For instance, many examples of the ability to type and subtype influenza virus have been demonstrated. The identification and subtyping of influenza on DNA microarrays has applications in both public health and the clinic for early detection, rapid intervention, and minimizing the impact of an influenza pandemic. Traditional fluorescence is currently the most commonly used microarray detection method. However, as microarray ... | 2011 | 21694688 |
| spatial dynamics of human-origin h1 influenza a virus in north american swine. | the emergence and rapid global spread of the swine-origin h1n1/09 pandemic influenza a virus in humans underscores the importance of swine populations as reservoirs for genetically diverse influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans. however, despite their significance for animal and human health, relatively little is known about the phylogeography of swine influenza viruses in the united states. this study utilizes an expansive data set of hemagglutinin (ha1) sequences (n = 1516) from ... | 2011 | 21695237 |
| cross-neutralizing antibodies to pandemic 2009 h1n1 and recent seasonal h1n1 influenza a strains influenced by a mutation in hemagglutinin subunit 2. | pandemic 2009 h1n1 influenza a virus (2009 h1n1) differs from h1n1 strains that circulated in the past 50 years, but resembles the a/new jersey/1976 h1n1 strain used in the 1976 swine influenza vaccine. we investigated whether sera from persons immunized with the 1976 swine influenza or recent seasonal influenza vaccines, or both, neutralize 2009 h1n1. using retroviral pseudovirions bearing hemagglutinins on their surface (ha-pseudotypes), we found that 77% of the sera collected in 1976 after im ... | 2011 | 21695241 |
| Chest radiograph findings in children with laboratory confirmed pandemic H1N1 virus infection. | Since its onset in the spring of 2009, the H1N1 pandemic has kept health-care professionals busy worldwide. Even though it often causes respiratory tract illness, reports describing the radiological manifestations in infected children are few. The purpose of this study was twofold: to review the chest radiograph findings in children with laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus and compare them with the chest radiographic findings in children with the same symptoms but laborator ... | 2011 | 21696560 |
| characterization of h1n1 swine influenza viruses circulating in canadian pigs in 2009. | the 2009 pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1), of apparent swine origin, may have evolved in pigs unnoticed because of insufficient surveillance. consequently, the need for surveillance of influenza viruses circulating in pigs has received added attention. in this study we characterized h1n1 viruses isolated from canadian pigs in 2009. isolates from may 2009 were comprised of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (na) genes of classical siv origin in combination with the north american triple-reassortant internal ge ... | 2011 | 21697484 |
| isolation and phylogenetic analysis of pandemic h1n1/09 influenza virus from swine in jiangsu province of china. | to investigate whether the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus was still being transmitted in swine, a total of 1029 nasal swab samples from healthy swine were collected from january to may 2010 in jiangsu province of china. eight h1n1 influenza viruses were isolated and identified, and their full length genomes were sequenced. we found that all eight of the h1n1 viruses shared higher than 98.0% sequence identity with the 2009 pandemic virus a/jiangsu/1/2009 (js1). in addition, some of these vi ... | 2011 | 21723574 |
| compatibility of h9n2 avian influenza surface genes and 2009 pandemic h1n1 internal genes for transmission in the ferret model. | in 2009, a novel h1n1 influenza (ph1n1) virus caused the first influenza pandemic in 40 y. the virus was identified as a triple reassortant between avian, swine, and human influenza viruses, highlighting the importance of reassortment in the generation of viruses with pandemic potential. previously, we showed that a reassortant virus composed of wild-type avian h9n2 surface genes in a seasonal human h3n2 backbone could gain efficient respiratory droplet transmission in the ferret model. here we ... | 2011 | 21730147 |
| cerebral edema and a transtentorial brain herniation syndrome associated with pandemic swine influenza a (h1n1) virus infection. | acute encephalitis, encephalopathy, and seizures are known rare neurologic sequelae of respiratory tract infection with seasonal influenza a and b virus, but the neurological complications of the pandemic 2009 swine influenza a (h1n1) virus, particularly in adults, are ill-defined. we document two young adults suffering from h1n1-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and renal failure who developed cerebral edema. the patients acutely developed a transtentorial brain herniation syndrome ... | 2011 | 21742505 |
| central nervous system pathology in fatal swine-origin influenza a h1n1 virus infection in patients with and without neurological symptoms: an autopsy study of 15 cases. | 2011 | 21744080 | |
| influenza a viruses: new research developments. | influenza a viruses are zoonotic pathogens that continuously circulate and change in several animal hosts, including birds, pigs, horses and humans. the emergence of novel virus strains that are capable of causing human epidemics or pandemics is a serious possibility. here, we discuss the value of surveillance and characterization of naturally occurring influenza viruses, and review the impact that new developments in the laboratory have had on our understanding of the host tropism and virulence ... | 2011 | 21747392 |
| reassortant pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus in pigs, united kingdom. | surveillance for influenza virus in pigs in the united kingdom during spring 2010 detected a novel reassortant influenza virus. this virus had genes encoding internal proteins from pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus and hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from swine influenza virus (h1n2). our results demonstrate processes contributing to influenza virus heterogeneity. | 2011 | 21749767 |
| swine influenza virus a (h3n2) infection in human, kansas, usa, 2009. | to the editor: triple-reassortant swine influenza viruses (sivs), which contain genes from human, swine, and avian influenza a viruses, have been enzootic among swine herds in the united states since the late 1990s (1). although uncommon, occasional transmission of triple-reassortant sivs from swine to humans has occurred (2-4). before april 2009, only limited, nonsustained human-to-human transmission of sivs had been reported (5-7). although an animal source for pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus has y ... | 2011 | 21749798 |
| the role of animal surveillance in influenza preparedness: the consequence of inapparent infection in ducks and pigs. | 2011 | 21751455 | |
| pathogenicity and transmissibility of the pandemic h1n1 2009-related influenza viruses in mice, ferrets, and pigs. | 2011 | 21751463 | |
| transmissibility of pandemic h1n1 and genetically related swine influenza viruses in ferrets. | 2011 | 21751464 | |
| case series study of the clinical profile of h1n1 swine flu influenza. | to study the clinical profile of the h1n1 influenza cases attending government hospitals in south india and to study the impact of h1n1 infection on pregnancy outcome. | 2011 | 21751659 |
| cardiac conduction system affection in a case of swine flu. | we present a case of swine flu presenting as bilateral pneumonia with involvement of cardiac conduction system in the form of increased pr interval and sinus bradycardia during the initial course of disease process. to the best of our knowledge, affection of conducting system in a case of swine flu has not been reported in the literature so far. | 2011 | 21751667 |
| during the summer 2009 outbreak of "swine flu" in scotland what respiratory pathogens were diagnosed as h1n1/2009? | abstract: | 2011 | 21752259 |
| a monoclonal antibody-based elisa for differential diagnosis of 2009 pandemic h1n1. | 2011 | 21761586 | |
| response to the 2009 pandemic: effect on influenza control in wealthy and poor countries. | the declaration by the world health organization (who) that appearance of a swine-origin novel influenza virus in 2009 represented a pandemic was based on previously adopted guidelines and the new international health regulations. severity of the pandemic was not part of the definition used, but it was stated to be less than severe at the time of declaration. it was necessary, when there was still uncertainty about the overall impact of the pandemic, for vaccine production to begin to have timel ... | 2011 | 21763381 |
| evolutionary dynamics of influenza a nucleoprotein (np) lineages revealed by large-scale sequence analyses. | influenza a viral nucleoprotein (np) plays a critical role in virus replication and host adaptation, however, the underlying molecular evolutionary dynamics of np lineages are less well-understood. in this study, large-scale analyses of 5094 np nucleotide sequences revealed eight distinct evolutionary lineages, including three host-specific lineages (human, classical swine and equine), two cross-host lineages (eurasian avian-like swine and swine-origin human pandemic h1n1 2009) and three geograp ... | 2011 | 21763464 |
| a novel monoclonal antibody effective against lethal challenge with swine-lineage and 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza viruses in mice. | the ha protein of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 viruses (h1n1pdm) is antigenically closely related to the ha of classical north american swine h1n1 influenza viruses (ch1n1). since 1998, through mutation and reassortment of ha genes from human h3n2 and h1n1 influenza viruses, swine influenza strains are undergoing substantial antigenic drift and shift. in this report we describe the development of a novel monoclonal antibody (s-oiv-3b2) that shows high hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralizatio ... | 2011 | 21774955 |
| sensitivity of oral fluids for detecting influenza a virus in populations of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. | please cite this paper as: romagosa et al. (2011) sensitivity of oral fluids for detecting influenza a virus in populations of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. influenza and other respiratory viruses. background/objective we evaluated the sensitivity of pcr on oral fluids in detecting influenza virus in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs. methods three-week-old influenza-free pigs were divided into three groups: (i) control, non-vaccinated, (ii) vaccinated with a commercial, heterologous va ... | 2011 | 21777397 |
| [etiotropic therapy of influenza: lessons from the last pandemic]. | analysis of the experience gained during the last pandemic of 'swine' influenza a (h1n1) sw1 is presented with reference to clinical studies and etiotropic therapy. the mechanism of development of severe pneumonia as a result of mutations at the binding site of hemagglutinin receptor enhancing a2'-3'-sialoside specificity and pneumotropism of the virus is described. the data on the efficiency of ingavirin, a new russian antiviral for the treatment of influenza, are reported. | 2011 | 21786595 |
| [aprotinin-induced inhibition of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1) reproduction]. | infectivity of pandemic influenza virus a(h1n1) infectivity is shown to be activated through proteolytic cleavage of hemagglutinin ha0 --> ha1 + ha2 during virus propagation in the human intestinal cell line caco-2 and chicken embryonated eggs. injection of aprotinin, a natural serine protease inhibitor, into the liquid culture or allantoic cavity of chicken embryos inhibited the proteolysis of the viral ha0 and suppressed the proteolytic activation of the synthesized virus and its multicycle re ... | 2011 | 21786623 |
| community knowledge, risk perception, and preparedness for the 2009 influenza a/h1n1 pandemic. | : to examine public knowledge, perceptions, and preparedness for the 2009 influenza a/h1n1 pandemic. | 2011 | 21788781 |
| who takes precautionary action in the face of the new h1n1 influenza? prediction of who collects a free hand sanitizer using a health behavior model. | in order to fight the spread of the novel h1n1 influenza, health authorities worldwide called for a change in hygiene behavior. within a longitudinal study, we examined who collected a free bottle of hand sanitizer towards the end of the first swine flu pandemic wave in december 2009. | 2011 | 21789224 |
| reassortment events among swine influenza a viruses in china: implications for the origin of the 2009 influenza pandemic. | that pigs may play a pivotal role in the emergence of pandemic influenza was indicated by the recent h1n1/2009 human pandemic, likely being caused by a reassortant between viruses of the american triple-reassortant (tr) and eurasian avian-like (ea) swine influenza lineages. as china has the largest human and pig populations in the world and is the only place where both tr and ea viruses have been reported to co-circulate, china is potentially the source of the h1n1/2009 pandemic virus. to examin ... | 2011 | 21795347 |
| a computational-experimental approach identifies mutations that enhance surface expression of an oseltamivir-resistant influenza neuraminidase. | the his274[formula: see text]tyr (h274y) oseltamivir (tamiflu) resistance mutation causes a substantial decrease in the total levels of surface-expressed neuraminidase protein and activity in early isolates of human seasonal h1n1 influenza, and in the swine-origin pandemic h1n1. in seasonal h1n1, h274y only became widespread after the occurrence of secondary mutations that counteracted this decrease. h274y is currently rare in pandemic h1n1, and it remains unclear whether secondary mutations exi ... | 2011 | 21799795 |
| an equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) vectored h1 vaccine protects against challenge with swine-origin influenza virus h1n1. | in 2009, a novel swine-origin h1n1 influenza a virus (s-oiv), antigenically and genetically divergent from seasonal h1n1, caused a flu pandemic in humans. development of an effective vaccine to limit transmission of s-oiv in animal reservoir hosts and from reservoir hosts to humans and animals is necessary. in the present study, we constructed and evaluated a vectored vaccine expressing the h1 hemagglutinin of a recent s-oiv isolate using equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) as the delivery vehicle. exp ... | 2011 | 21803510 |
| putative amino acid determinants of the emergence of the 2009 influenza a (h1n1) virus in the human population. | the emergence of the unique h1n1 influenza a virus in 2009 resulted in a pandemic that has spread to over 200 countries. the constellation of molecular factors leading to the emergence of this strain is still unclear. using a computational approach, we identified molecular determinants that may discriminate the hemagglutinin protein of the 2009 human pandemic h1n1 (ph1n1) strain from that of other h1n1 strains. as expected, positions discriminating the ph1n1 from seasonal human strains were loca ... | 2011 | 21808039 |
| follow-up after acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by influenza a (h1n1) virus infection. | there are no reports on the long-term follow-up of patients with swine-origin influenza a virus infection that progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome. | 2011 | 21808854 |
| the 2009 pandemic a/wenshan/01/2009 h1n1 induces apoptotic cell death in human airway epithelial cells. | in 2009, a novel swine-origin h1n1 influenza virus emerged in mexico and quickly spread to other countries, including china. this 2009 pandemic h1n1 can cause human respiratory disease, but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. here, we studied the infection and pathogenesis of a new 2009 pandemic strain, a/wenshan/01/2009 h1n1, in china in human airway epithelial cell lines compared with contemporary seasonal h1n1 influenza virus. our results showed that viral infection by the a/wenshan h ... | 2011 | 21816972 |
| Transcription analysis on response of swine lung to H1N1 swine influenza virus. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21819625 |
| a/h1n1/pdm09 virus: dynamics of infection in pigs and people. | 2011 | 21821686 | |
| characterization of influenza a outbreaks in minnesota swine herds and measures taken to reduce the risk of zoonotic transmission. | influenza a virus infections commonly cause respiratory disease in swine and can be transmitted between people and pigs, with potentially novel strains introduced into herds and spilling back into the human population. the goals of this study were to characterize influenza infections in minnesota pigs and assess biosecurity measures used by swine workers. veterinarians submitting influenza-positive swine samples to the university of minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory between october 2007 ... | 2011 | 21824375 |
| detecting transmission and reassortment events for influenza a viruses with genotype profile method. | abstract: evolutionary events of transmission and reassortment for influenza a viruses were traditionally detected by phylogenetic analysis for influenza viruses' eight gene segments. because the phylogenetic analysis can be complex, we developed genotype profile method which packaged the phylogenetic algorithms to analyze combination patterns of gene segments and integrated epidemiology knowledge. with the method, the analysis of reassortment and transmission becomes a simple and reliable proce ... | 2011 | 21824442 |
| hemagglutinin-neuraminidase balance confers respiratory-droplet transmissibility of the pandemic h1n1 influenza virus in ferrets. | a novel reassortant derived from north american triple-reassortant (trsw) and eurasian swine (easw) influenza viruses acquired sustained human-to-human transmissibility and caused the 2009 influenza pandemic. to identify molecular determinants that allowed efficient transmission of the pandemic h1n1 virus among humans, we evaluated the direct-contact and respiratory-droplet transmissibility in ferrets of representative swine influenza viruses of different lineages obtained through a 13-y surveil ... | 2011 | 21825167 |
| return of inactivated whole-virus vaccine for superior efficacy. | the swine, influenza, h1n1 outbreak in 2009 highlighted the inadequacy of the currently used antibody-based vaccine strategies as a preventive measure for combating influenza pandemics. the ultimate goal for successful control of newly arising influenza outbreaks is to design a single-shot vaccine that will provide long-lasting immunity against all strains of influenza a virus. a large amount of data from animal studies has indicated that the cross-reactive cytotoxic t (tc) cell response against ... | 2011 | 21844883 |
| novel reassortment of eurasian avian-like and pandemic/2009 influenza viruses in swine: infectious potential for humans. | pigs are considered to be intermediate hosts and "mixing vessels," facilitating the genesis of pandemic influenza viruses, as demonstrated by the emergence of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic (pdm/09) virus. the prevalence and repeated introduction of the pdm/09 virus into pigs raises the possibility of generating novel swine influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans. to address this, an active influenza surveillance program was conducted with slaughtered pigs in abattoirs in southern china. o ... | 2011 | 21849442 |
| Outbreak of swine influenza in Argentina reveals a non-contemporary human H3N2 virus highly transmissible among pigs. | Sporadic outbreaks of human H3N2 influenza A virus (IAV) infections in swine populations have been reported in Asia, Europe and North America since 1970. In South America, serological surveys in pigs indicate that IAVs of the H3 and H1 subtypes are currently in circulation; however, neither virus isolation nor characterization has been reported. In November 2008, an outbreak of respiratory disease in pigs consistent with swine influenza virus (SIV) infection was detected in Argentina. The curren ... | 2011 | 21849519 |
| antiviral activity of the mek-inhibitor u0126 against pandemic h1n1v and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in vitro and in vivo. | the emergence of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic swine influenza a virus is a good example of how this viral infection can impact health systems around the world in a very short time. the continuous zoonotic circulation and reassortment potential of influenza a viruses (iav) in nature represents an enormous public health threat to humans. beside vaccination antivirals are needed to efficiently control spreading of the disease. in the present work we investigated whether the mek inhibitor u0126, targeting ... | 2011 | 21854809 |
| pandemic influenza a (h1n1): knowledge among senior health workers at a secondary health care institution in southwest, nigeria. | this study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of influenza a (h1n1) infection among health care workers in a secondary health care facility in osogbo, southwest nigeria. | 2011 | 21857846 |
| Phylodynamics and molecular evolution of influenza A virus nucleoprotein genes in Taiwan between 1979 and 2009. | Many studies concentrate on variation in the hemagglutinin glycoprotein (HA) because of its significance in host immune response, the evolution of this virus is even more complex when other genome segments are considered. Recently, it was found that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play an important role in immunity against influenza and most CTL epitopes of human influenza viruses were remarkably conserved. The NP gene has evolved independently in human and avian hosts after 1918 flu pandemic and ... | 2011 | 21858124 |
| pandemic novel 2009 h1n1 influenza: what have we learned? | in march 2009, cases of influenza-like illness in mexico caused by a novel h1n1 virus containing genes from swine, avian, and human influenza strains were reported. within several weeks, 2009 h1n1 disseminated rapidly and was the predominant influenza strain globally. on june 11, 2009, the world health organization declared that criteria for an influenza pandemic had been met. concern that this pandemic would rival the 1918 pandemic was high. fortunately, that was not the case. influenza-related ... | 2011 | 21858744 |
| Use of plethysmography in assessing the efficacy of antivirals in a mouse model of pandemic influenza A virus. | The recently emerged swine-origin H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) caused a pandemic outbreak in 2009 with higher risk of severe disease among children and pregnant women in their third trimester (Van Kerkhove et al., 2011), and is continuing to be important seasonal IAV strain. Mice are commonly used in antiviral studies as models of influenza disease, which utilize morbidity and mortality to assess the efficacy of a test compound. Here, we investigated the utility of unrestrained plethysomography ... | 2011 | 21867731 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and h1n1 (2009) pandemic influenza vaccination using an as03 adjuvanted vaccine in the united kingdom: self-controlled case series. | in 1976 a swine influenza vaccine was associated with an increased risk of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). although subsequent studies did not find an increased risk of gbs following seasonal influenza vaccine, there was concern that the monovalent h1n1 vaccines developed against the swine influenza pandemic of 2009 might increase the risk of gbs. in the uk a split-virion as03 oil-in-water adjuvanted vaccine (pandemrix™) was predominantly used. to determine whether the risk of gbs increased after ... | 2011 | 21875631 |
| h5n1 whole-virus vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies in humans which are protective in a mouse passive transfer model. | vero cell culture-derived whole-virus h5n1 vaccines have been extensively tested in clinical trials and consistently demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic; however, clinical efficacy is difficult to evaluate in the absence of wide-spread human disease. a lethal mouse model has been utilized which allows investigation of the protective efficacy of active vaccination or passive transfer of vaccine induced sera following lethal h5n1 challenge. | 2011 | 21876771 |
| tissue tropism of swine influenza viruses and reassortants in ex vivo cultures of the human respiratory tract and conjunctiva. | the 2009 pandemic influenza h1n1 (h1n1pdm) virus was generated by reassortment of swine influenza viruses of different lineages. this was the first influenza pandemic to emerge in over 4 decades and the first to occur after the realization that influenza pandemics arise from influenza viruses of animals. in order to understand the biological determinants of pandemic emergence, it is relevant to compare the tropism of different lineages of swine influenza viruses and reassortants derived from the ... | 2011 | 21880750 |
| [High-yield reassortant virus containing hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of pandemic influenza A/Moscowl/01/2009 (H1N1) virus]. | The crossing of influenza A/Moscow/01/2009 (H1N1) virus and reassortant strain X31 (H3N2) containing the genes of internal and non-structural proteins of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain gave rise to reassortant virus ReM8. The reassortant contained hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of pandemic 2009 influenza virus and 6 genes of high-yield A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain. The reassortant ReM8 produced higher yields in the embryonated chicken eggs than the parent pandemic virus, a ... | 2011 | 21899062 |
| [NP gene of pandemic H1N1 virus attenuates virulence of mouse-adapted human influenza virus]. | The authors studied a possible role of the caspase cleavage motif located in the nucleoprotein (NP) of pandemic influenza virus H1N1 in the regulation of viral virulence properties. A reverse genetics method was used to obtain chimeric seasonal-like mouse-adapted influenza virus hvA/PE/8/34 (H1N10) carrying either the NP gene of wild type pandemic virus with incomplete caspase motif ETGC or mutated pandemic NP with natural caspase cleavage site of human type ETDG. The wild-type NP gene of the pa ... | 2011 | 21899063 |
| Crystal structure of swine major histocompatibility complex class I SLA-1 0401 and identification of 2009 pandemic swine-origin influenza A H1N1 virus cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope peptides. | The presentation of viral epitopes to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by swine leukocyte antigen class I (SLA I) is crucial for swine immunity. To illustrate the structural basis of swine CTL epitope presentation, the first SLA crystal structures, SLA-1 0401, complexed with peptides derived from either 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) swine-origin influenza A virus (S-OIV(NW9); NSDTVGWSW) or Ebola virus (Ebola(AY9); ATAAATEAY) were determined in this study. The overall peptide-SLA-1 0401 structures res ... | 2011 | 21900158 |
| 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus causes disease and upregulation of genes related to inflammatory and immune responses, cell death, and lipid metabolism in pigs. | there exists limited information about whether adaptation is needed for cross-species transmission of the 2009 pandemic h1n1 influenza virus (ph1n1). here, we compare the pathogenesis of two ph1n1 viruses, one derived from a human patient (a/ca/04/09 [ca09]) and the other from swine (a/swine/alberta/25/2009 [alb09]), with that of the 1918-like classical swine influenza virus (a/swine/iowa/1930 [ia30]) in the pig model. both ph1n1 isolates induced clinical symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, dec ... | 2011 | 21900171 |
| swine-origin influenza a (h3n2) virus infection in two children--indiana and pennsylvania, july-august 2011. | influenza a viruses are endemic in many animal species, including humans, swine, and wild birds, and sporadic cases of transmission of influenza a viruses between humans and animals do occur, including human infections with avian-origin influenza a viruses (i.e., h5n1 and h7n7) and swine-origin influenza a viruses (i.e., h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2). genetic analysis can distinguish animal origin influenza viruses from the seasonal human influenza viruses that circulate widely and cause annual epidemic ... | 2011 | 21900876 |
| distribution of sialic acid receptors and influenza a virus of avian and swine origin in experimentally infected pigs. | pigs are considered susceptible to influenza a virus infections from different host origins because earlier studies have shown that they have receptors for both avian (sialic acid-alpha-2,3-terminal saccharides (sa-alpha-2,3)) and swine/human (sa-alpha-2,6) influenza viruses in the upper respiratory tract. furthermore, experimental and natural infections in pigs have been reported with influenza a virus from avian and human sources. | 2011 | 21902821 |
| development of diva (differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals) vaccines utilizing heterologous na and ns1 protein strategies for the control of triple reassortant h3n2 influenza in turkeys. | since 2003, triple reassortant (tr) swine h3n2 influenza viruses containing gene segments from human, avian, and swine origins have been detected in the u.s. turkey populations. the initial outbreak that occurred involved birds that were vaccinated with the currently available h3 swine- and avian-origin influenza vaccines. antigenically, all turkey swine-lineage tr h3n2 isolates are closely related to each other but show little or no antigenic cross-reactivity with the avian origin or swine orig ... | 2011 | 21907751 |