Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| emergence of asiatic vibrio diseases in south america in phase with el niño. | the seventh pandemic of vibrio cholerae unexpectedly reached the coast of peru in 1991, causing an explosive emergence of infections throughout the american continents. the origin and routes of dissemination are as yet unknown. a new vibrio epidemic arose in 1997 in south america (northern chile) when the pandemic clone of vibrio parahaemolyticus was for the fist time detected outside of asia. these 2 cases were concurrent with 2 episodes of el niño. | 2008 | 18854707 |
| the viability of pathogenic intestinal organisms in sea water with special reference to vibrio cholerae. | 1948 | 18866176 | |
| antigenic relationship of brucella and vibrio comma. | 1948 | 18869808 | |
| prevention of virus infection with enzyme of v. cholerae, studies with influenza virus in mice. | 1948 | 18880594 | |
| the mouse-protective test as a means of determining the inhibitory effect of chemicals on vibrio cholera. | 1948 | 18886540 | |
| antigenic relationship of salmonellae to inaba strains of vibrio comma isolated in egypt. | 1948 | 18889792 | |
| effect of copper sulphate on vibrio cholerae. | 1947 | 18914662 | |
| bacteriological examination of stools for vibrio cholerae. | 1947 | 18917525 | |
| aryl acid adenylating enzymes involved in siderophore biosynthesis: fluorescence polarization assay, ligand specificity, and discovery of non-nucleoside inhibitors via high-throughput screening. | the design and synthesis of a fluorescent probe fl-sal-ams 6 based on the tight-binding inhibitor 5'- o-[ n-(salicyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (sal-ams) is described for the aryl acid adenylating enzymes (aaaes) known as mbta, ybte, ente, vibe, dhbe, and base involved in siderophore biosynthesis from mycobacterium tuberculosis, yersinia pestis, escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae, bacillus subtilis, and acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. the probe was successfully used to develop a fluorescence pola ... | 2008 | 18928302 |
| cyclic amp post-transcriptionally regulates the biosynthesis of a major bacterial autoinducer to modulate the cell density required to activate quorum sensing. | in vibrio cholerae, expression of the quorum sensing regulator hapr is induced by the accumulation of a major autoinducer synthesized by the activity of cqsa. here we show that the camp-camp receptor protein complex regulates cqsa expression at the post-transcriptional level. this conclusion is supported by the analysis of cqsa-lacz fusions, the ectopic expression of cqsa in deltacrp mutants and by northern blot analysis showing that cqsa mrna is unstable in deltacrp and deltacya (adenylate cycl ... | 2008 | 18930049 |
| influence of high pressure on the dimerization of toxr, a protein involved in bacterial signal transduction. | high hydrostatic pressure (hhp) is suggested to influence the structure and function of membranes and/or integrated proteins. we demonstrate for the first time hhp-induced dimer dissociation of membrane proteins in vivo with vibrio cholerae toxr variants in escherichia coli reporter strains carrying ctx::lacz fusions. dimerization ceased at 20 to 50 mpa depending on the nature of the transmembrane segments rather than on changes in the toxr lipid bilayer environment. | 2008 | 18931287 |
| simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by qpcr in comparison with conventional bacterial indicators. | a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) method was developed for simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by utilizing a pair of universal primers which targeted four bacteria strains, namely shigella dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli. it was estimated that the qpcr method had a 94% confidence, and a detection limit as 2.7 e. coli cells per sample in undiluted dna extracts. the qpcr method was applied for the bacteriolo ... | 2009 | 18931927 |
| transmission of vibrio cholerae is antagonized by lytic phage and entry into the aquatic environment. | cholera outbreaks are proposed to propagate in explosive cycles powered by hyperinfectious vibrio cholerae and quenched by lytic vibriophage. however, studies to elucidate how these factors affect transmission are lacking because the field experiments are almost intractable. one reason for this is that v. cholerae loses the ability to culture upon transfer to pond water. this phenotype is called the active but non-culturable state (abnc; an alternative term is viable but non-culturable) because ... | 2008 | 18949027 |
| altered pore properties and kinetic changes in mutants of the vibrio cholerae porin ompu. | the electrophysiological technique of patch-clamp was used to characterize the pore properties of site-directed mutants in the vibrio cholerae general diffusion porin ompu. changes in conductance and selectivity were observed, thus confirming the predicted pore location of these residues, based on homology with the escherichia coli porins ompf and ompc. some mutants acquire a weak selectivity for cations, which mirrors the properties of the homologous, deoxycholic acid sensitive, ompt porin of v ... | 2008 | 18949626 |
| murine antibody responses following systemic or mucosal immunization with viable or inactivated vibrio cholerae. | protocols are described for the induction of strong, consistent serum and mucosal antibody responses to vibrio cholerae o1 or o139 lipopolysaccharide (lps) following intranasal or oral immunization of adult mice with viable or formalin-killed bacteria. a simplified two-dose schedule for intranasal immunization has been identified, whereby viable bacteria elicit strong serum responses and, most importantly, also induce significant, sustained intestinal iga responses. using higher doses of bacteri ... | 2008 | 18951939 |
| distinct sensory pathways in vibrio cholerae el tor and classical biotypes modulate cyclic dimeric gmp levels to control biofilm formation. | quorum sensing (qs), or cell-cell communication in bacteria, is achieved through the production and subsequent response to the accumulation of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers (ais). to identify ai-regulated target genes in vibrio cholerae el tor (v. cholerae(el)), the strain responsible for the current cholera pandemic, luciferase expression was assayed in an ai(-) strain carrying a random lux transcriptional reporter library in the presence and absence of exogenously added ai ... | 2009 | 18952786 |
| analysis of immune responses and serological cross reactivities among vibrio cholerae o1, shigella flexneri 2a and haemophilus influenzae b. | antigenic determinants expressed on the bacterial cell surface are of importance in the serological characterization and microbiological diagnosis. the bacterial strains carrying these identical or similar antigenic epitopes might react with antibodies produced against other strains. in this study, strong immunogenicity and antigenic cross reactivity were demonstrated among v. cholerae o1, s. flexnerii 2a and h. influenzae b surface components. the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) resul ... | 2008 | 18954564 |
| repeatability and pattern recognition of bacterial fatty acid profiles generated by direct mass spectrometric analysis of in situ thermal hydrolysis/methylation of whole cells. | direct ci mass spectrometry profiling of fatty acid methyl esters (fames) from in situ thermal hydrolysis/methylation (thm) of whole bacterial cells with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (tmah) has been demonstrated as a potential method for real time and fieldable detection/identification of microorganisms. bacillus anthracis (ames), yersinia pestis (nair. kenya), vibrio cholerae (e1 tor), brucella melitensis (abortus wild) and francisella tularensis (lvs vaccine) were profiled by this method duri ... | 2003 | 18968943 |
| waterfowl: the missing link in epidemic and pandemic cholera dissemination? | 2008 | 18974827 | |
| pattern classification of phylogeny signals. | in this paper we propose the minimum entropy clustering (mec) method for clustering genes based on their phylogenetic signals. this entropy based method will cluster two genes together when their concatenation can decrease the entropy. an integral feature of mec is that it chooses the number of clusters automatically, which is a major advantage over the other methods. our simulation results show that this method is quite successful in clustering genes with a common phylogeny. | 2008 | 18976226 |
| reflected polarization guides chironomid females to oviposition sites. | chironomids (diptera: chironomidae; non-biting midges) are known to be carriers of the vibrio cholerae bacterium, responsible for the fatal cholera disease in humans. it was recently discovered that chironomid females choose their oviposition site by a visual cue. in this study, we test the hypothesis that this visual cue is the linear polarization of light reflected from the water surface. we conducted two multiple choice field experiments using egg traps with different light intensities and po ... | 2008 | 18978217 |
| vibrio cholerae: model organism to study bacterial pathogenesis--interview. | 2007 | 18979011 | |
| shifting prevalence of major diarrheal pathogens in patients seeking hospital care during floods in 1998, 2004, and 2007 in dhaka, bangladesh. | bangladesh experienced severe flooding and diarrheal epidemics in 2007. we compared flood data from 2007 with 2004 and 1998 for diarrheal patients attending the icddr,b hospital in dhaka. in 2007, vibrio cholerae o1 (33%), rotavirus (12%), and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) (12%) were most prevalent. more severe dehydration was seen in 2007 compared with 2004 and 1998 (p < 0.001). in 2007, v. cholerae o1 inaba (52%) and ogawa (48%) were seen, whereas in 2004 and 1998 it was primarily in ... | 2008 | 18981509 |
| prophylactic immunisation against traveller's diarrhoea caused by enterotoxin-forming strains of escherichia coli and against cholera: does it make sense and for whom? | traveller's diarrhoea (td) constitutes the most common disease relevant to travel medicine with etec as the leading causative pathogen. cholera is the most serious, but very rare form of td. etec and cholera share pathogenic mechanisms by producing a toxin that has an 80% amino acid homology. a consensus of german-speaking experts sees the indication to use the whole cell/b subunit oral cholera vaccine (wc--bs) if cholera is a risk for aid workers or travellers with an anticipated threat of chol ... | 2008 | 18984481 |
| detection of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae, and campylobacter spp. enteropathogens by 3-reaction multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | the magnitude of bacterial diarrhea in developing countries is largely unknown because affordable detection methods are not available. we have developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for use in areas with limited resources to screen for diarrheogenic strains from clinical isolates. to simplify the assay and minimize reagents, our method implemented the use of plasmids rather than bacteria as template controls and the use of bacterial suspensions or crude dna preparations rather t ... | 2009 | 18990527 |
| antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae o1 during the 2004 and 2005 outbreak of cholera in cameroon. | there was an outbreak of cholera in cameroon during 2004 and 2005; the epidemic began in douala in january 2004 and spread throughout the south of the country. the world health organization (who) reported 8005 cases in 2004 and 2847 cases in 2005. five hundred eighty-nine stool samples were received in the pasteur centre of cameroon and 352 were microbiologically confirmed to be positive for vibrio cholerae o1. isolated strains were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. all the strain ... | 2009 | 18991540 |
| a proteoliposome based formulation administered by the nasal route produces vibriocidal antibodies against el tor ogawa vibrio cholerae o1 in balb/c mice. | a vaccine candidate against the enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae was developed based on a proteoliposome (pl) formulation using a wild type strain c7258, v. cholerae o1, el tor ogawa as part of strategy to develop a combined formulation against enteric diseases preventable by the stimulation of the mucosal immune system. a detergent extraction method was applied to obtain the pl. scanning electron microscopy and molecular exclusion chromatography showed the presence of two pl populations. photon ... | 2009 | 18996426 |
| characterization of vibrio cholerae outer membrane vesicles as a candidate vaccine for cholera. | outer membrane vesicles (omvs) offer a new approach for an effective cholera vaccine. we recently demonstrated that immunization of female mice with omvs induces a long-lasting immune response and results in protection of their neonatal offspring from vibrio cholerae intestinal colonization. this study investigates the induced protective immunity observed after immunization with omvs in more detail. analysis of the stomach contents and sera of the neonates revealed significant amounts of anti-om ... | 2009 | 19001078 |
| environmental signatures associated with cholera epidemics. | the causative agent of cholera, vibrio cholerae, has been shown to be autochthonous to riverine, estuarine, and coastal waters along with its host, the copepod, a significant member of the zooplankton community. temperature, salinity, rainfall and plankton have proven to be important factors in the ecology of v. cholerae, influencing the transmission of the disease in those regions of the world where the human population relies on untreated water as a source of drinking water. in this study, the ... | 2008 | 19001267 |
| development of isothermal taqman assays for detection of biothreat organisms. | taqman probe (dual-labeled dna probe)-based real-time detection, one of the most sensitive and specific fluorescent detection methods, has been widely utilized in conjunction with polymerase chain reaction (pcr). helicase-dependent amplification (hda) is an isothermal amplification technology that has a similar reaction scheme to pcr, but replaces thermocycling with a helicase capable of unwinding a dna duplex. here we describe a novel isothermal real-time detection method (hda-taqman) that comb ... | 2008 | 19007339 |
| complete sequence of plasmid pmp1 from the marine environmental vibrio vulnificus and location of its replication origin. | a novel cryptic plasmid, pmp1, from an environmental vibrio vulnificus mp-4 isolated from mai po nature reserve in hong kong, has been characterized. the 7.6-kb plasmid had guanine-cytosine content of 40.03% and encoded four open reading frames (orfs) with >100 amino acids. the predicted protein of orf1 contained 478 amino acids showing 29% identity and 50% similarity over 309 amino acids to the integrase of vibrio cholerae phage vp2. orf2 encoded a putative protein of 596 amino acids, which wer ... | 2009 | 19009320 |
| effect of the efflux inhibitors 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine and phenyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide on antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence factor production in vibrio cholerae. | the aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that the efflux pump inhibitors (epis) 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (nmp) and phenyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide (pabetan) can inhibit the vibrio cholerae resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) family efflux systems, and thereby render v. cholerae susceptible to antimicrobial agents and inhibit the production of the virulence factors cholera toxin (ct) and the toxin coregulated pilus (tcp). | 2009 | 19010827 |
| diversity and seasonality of bioluminescent vibrio cholerae populations in chesapeake bay. | association of luminescence with phenotypic and genotypic traits and with environmental parameters was determined for 278 strains of vibrio cholerae isolated from the chesapeake bay during 1998 to 2000. three clusters of luminescent strains (a, b, and c) and two nonluminescent clusters (x and y) were identified among 180 clonal types. v. cholerae o1 strains isolated during pandemics and endemic cholera in the ganges delta were related to cluster y. heat-stable enterotoxin (encoded by stn) and th ... | 2009 | 19011071 |
| anaerobic growth promotes synthesis of colonization factors encoded at the vibrio pathogenicity island in vibrio cholerae el tor. | pathogenesis of the facultative anaerobe vibrio cholerae takes place at the gut under low oxygen concentrations. to identify proteins which change their expression level in response to oxygen availability, proteomes of v. cholerae el tor c7258 grown in aerobiosis, microaerobiosis and anaerobiosis were compared by two-dimensional electrophoresis. twenty-six differentially expressed proteins were identified which are involved in several processes including iron acquisition, alanine metabolism, pur ... | 2009 | 19015025 |
| connecting actin monomers by iso-peptide bond is a toxicity mechanism of the vibrio cholerae martx toxin. | the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of a severe diarrheal disease that afflicts three to five million persons annually, causing up to 200,000 deaths. nearly all v. cholerae strains produce a large multifunctional-autoprocessing rtx toxin (martx(vc)), which contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of cholera in model systems. the actin cross-linking domain (acd) of martx(vc) directly catalyzes a covalent cross-linking of monomeric g-actin into oligomeric chains ... | 2008 | 19015515 |
| the bicarbonate transporter is essential for bacillus anthracis lethality. | in the pathogenic bacterium bacillus anthracis, virulence requires induced expression of the anthrax toxin and capsule genes. elevated co2/bicarbonate levels, an indicator of the host environment, provide a signal ex vivo to increase expression of virulence factors, but the mechanism underlying induction and its relevance in vivo are unknown. we identified a previously uncharacterized abc transporter (bas2714-12) similar to bicarbonate transporters in photosynthetic cyanobacteria, which is essen ... | 2008 | 19023421 |
| 'gastro' of mirpur khas (sindh) is resolved. | diarrhoeal disease is a common cause of major public health concern in many parts of the world including pakistan. | 2008 | 19024176 |
| the association between non-biting midges and vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems, yet its interactions within this habitat are poorly understood. here we describe the current knowledge on the interaction of v. cholerae with one group of co-inhabitants, the chironomids. chironomids, non-biting midges (chironomidae, diptera), are an abundant macroinvertebrate group encountered in freshwater aquatic habitats. as holometabolous insects, chironomids start life when their larvae hatch from eggs laid at the water/air int ... | 2008 | 19025555 |
| determination of relationships among non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor strains from housekeeping gene sequences and ribotype patterns. | sequencing of three housekeeping genes, mdh, dnae and reca, and ribotyping for seven non-toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated from different geographic sources indicate a phylogenetic relationship among the strains. results of mlst and ribotyping indicate a clear difference between three toxigenic strains (n16961, o395, and 569b) and three non-toxigenic strains from india (gs1, gs2, and gw87) and one guam strain (x392), the latter of which were similar in both mlst and ribotyping, while ... | 2009 | 19028569 |
| [the etiologic characteristics of vibrio cholerae in guangdong province in 2007]. | to analyze the etiologic characteristics of vibrio cholerae in guangdong province in 2007. genetic relationship was observed including among predominated biotype isolates from different areas within the province and among same biotypes isolates from cholera cases and regular surveillance. | 2008 | 19031764 |
| a vibrio cholerae ghost-based subunit vaccine induces cross-protective chlamydial immunity that is enhanced by cta2b, the nontoxic derivative of cholera toxin. | the vibrio cholerae ghost (rvcg) platform is an effective carrier and delivery system for designing efficacious chlamydia vaccines. we investigated whether cta2b, the nontoxic derivative of cholera toxin, can augment protective immunity conferred by an rvcg-based chlamydial vaccine and enhance cross-protection against heterologous chlamydial strains. an rvcg vaccine coexpressing chlamydial major outer membrane protein and cta2b was genetically constructed and antigens were targeted to the inner ... | 2009 | 19040663 |
| genetic analysis of drosophila melanogaster susceptibility to intestinal vibrio cholerae infection. | we previously demonstrated that vibrio cholerae is able to colonize the intestine of the fly to produce a lethal infection. here we present the results of a genetic screen undertaken to identify factors that alter susceptibility of the fly to intestinal v. cholerae infection. in this model of infection, the eiger/wengen signalling pathway protects the fly against infection. furthermore, mutations within the imd signalling pathway increase resistance to intestinal v. cholerae infection and increa ... | 2009 | 19046341 |
| a case of non-o1 and non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia with endophthalmitis in a cirrhotic patient. | septicemia of vibrio spp. such as non-o1 vibrio cholerae presented with diarrhea, fasciitis, cellulitis or otitis media are common in cirrhotic patients (lin, c.-j., chiu, c.-t., lin, d.-y., et al., am. j. gastroenterol., 91, 336-340, 1996). it may result from a lower c3/c4 level, a lower serum ferritin level or opsonophagocytosis dysfunction. high mortality in such cases has been noted. however, endophthalmitis is rare in such patients, and has never been reported. we present a cirrhotic patien ... | 2008 | 19050358 |
| importation of the major pilin tcpa gene and frequent recombination drive the divergence of the vibrio pathogenicity island in vibrio cholerae. | the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi) encodes the toxin-coregulated pilus and other virulence factors for vibrio cholerae to colonize the human intestine to cause cholera. we assessed the level of genetic variation of vpi in nine nonpandemic isolates, and compared them with the sixth and seventh pandemic strains by sequencing c. 5 kb each from the start, middle and end regions of the vpi. variation is similar among the three regions at around 2%, except for the tcpa gene, which has a much higher ... | 2008 | 19054108 |
| association of ompu gene in vibrio cholerae from patients and environment with bile resistance. | the objective of this study was to determine whether vibrio cholerae, possessing ompu isolated from patients and the environment, conferred bile resistance and whether other virulence genes were also related to bile resistance. fifty-two v cholerae o1 and non-o1 isolates were examined by pcr for the presence of the virulence-associated and regulatory genes, ctxa, tcpa, zot, ace, ompu, toxr, hlya and stn/sto. v. cholerae possessing ompu resistant to equal or greater than 10% sodium deoxycholate w ... | 2008 | 19058583 |
| survival of vibrio cholerae on different finger locations of a volunteer following artificial inoculation. | the importance of bacteria-suspending media and fingertip positions on the survival of vibrio cholerae on human fingertips were examined. vibrios were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), pbs with albumin, and pbs with agarose. each type of preparation was inoculated on the fingerpads, the hyponychia, or the eponychia and lateral nail grooves of the fourth, third and second fingers of a volunteer's hand. the last finger inoculated was immediately washed with pbs and the washing collecte ... | 2008 | 19058604 |
| changing characteristics of vibrio cholerae: emergence of multidrug resistance and non-o1, non-o139 serogroups. | the serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of v. cholerae isolated in hubli, india during the years 2000 to 2004 were monitored. a total of 256 v. cholerae isolates were obtained during the study period, of which 129 (50.4%) belonged to serogroup o1 while the o139 and non-o1, non-o139 serogroups constituted 61 (23.8%) and 66 (25.8%) isolates, respectively. v. cholerae o1 ogawa was the predominant isolate during the first 2 years of the study. however, this was replaced by v. choler ... | 2008 | 19062701 |
| non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae septicemia with peritonitis. | a 67-year-old thai female with alcoholic cirrhosis presented with fever and abdominal pain for 5 days. on examination, there was marked ascites with generalized abdominal tenderness. the result of ascitic fluid analysis showed yellow turbid fluid, a wbc count of 6,100 cells/mm3 with polymorphonucleocytes predominant. blood cultures yielded non-o1/ non-o139 vibrio cholerae. the patient improved gradually and recovered fully after 1 week of parenteral antibiotic. | 2008 | 19062702 |
| multilocus genetic analysis reveals that the australian strains of vibrio cholerae o1 are similar to the pre-seventh pandemic strains of the el tor biotype. | episodes of cholera stemming from indigenous vibrio cholerae strains in australia are mainly associated with environmental sources. in the present study, 10 v. cholerae o1 strains of australian origin were characterized. all of the strains were serogroup o1 and their conventional phenotypic traits categorized them as belonging to the el tor biotype. genetic screening of 12 genomic regions that are associated with virulence in v. cholerae showed variable results. analysis of the ctxab gene showed ... | 2009 | 19074660 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 requires neither capsule nor lps o side chain to grow inside acanthamoeba castellanii. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has the ability to grow and survive in the aquatic free-living amoeba acanthamoeba castellanii. the aim of the present study was to examine the ability of the clinical isolate v. cholerae o139 mo10 to grow in a. castellanii and to determine the effect of the bacterial capsule and lps o side chain on intracellular growth. results from co-cultivation, viable counts, a gentamicin assay, electron microscopy and statistical analysis showed that the ass ... | 2009 | 19074664 |
| analysis of vibrio cholerae isolates from the northern cape province of south africa. | 2009 | 19074670 | |
| identification and characterization of a novel type iii secretion system in trh-positive vibrio parahaemolyticus strain th3996 reveal genetic lineage and diversity of pathogenic machinery beyond the species level. | vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial pathogen causative of food-borne gastroenteritis. whole-genome sequencing of v. parahaemolyticus strain rimd2210633, which exhibits kanagawa phenomenon (kp), revealed the presence of two sets of the genes for the type iii secretion system (t3ss) on chromosomes 1 and 2, t3ss1 and t3ss2, respectively. although t3ss2 of the rimd2210633 strain is thought to be involved in human pathogenicity, i.e., enterotoxicity, the genes for t3ss2 have not been found in trh- ... | 2009 | 19075025 |
| sensitive, specific polymorphism discovery in bacteria using massively parallel sequencing. | our variant ascertainment algorithm, vaal, uses massively parallel dna sequence data to identify differences between bacterial genomes with high sensitivity and specificity. vaal detected approximately 98% of differences (including large insertion-deletions) between pairs of strains from three species while calling no false positives. vaal also pinpointed a single mutation between vibrio cholerae genomes, identifying an antibiotic's site of action by identifying sequence differences between drug ... | 2009 | 19079253 |
| ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of schistosoma mansoni cercaria. | an alternative to identify the critical processes necessary to the parasite establishment of the host is to focus on the evolutionary stage responsible for the primary invasion, i.e. the infection structure. the objective of this study was to ultrastructurally characterize schistosoma mansoni cercariae, using cytochemical techniques. in order to identify basic proteins, techniques such as ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (epta) and ammoniacal silver staining were used. calcium sites location was a ... | 2009 | 19081261 |
| mononuclear ru(iii) schiff base complexes: synthesis, spectral, redox, catalytic and biological activity studies. | an octahedral ruthenium(iii) schiff base complexes of the type [rux(eph(3))(l)] (where, x=cl/br; e=as/p; l=dianion of the schiff bases derived from acetoacetanilide with o-phenylenediamine and salicylaldehyde/o-hydroxyacetophenone/o-vanillin/2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) have been synthesized from the reactions of equimolar reactions of [rux(3)(eph(3))(3)] and schiff bases in benzene. the new ru(iii) schiff base complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, ft-ir, electronic, (1)h nmr a ... | 2009 | 19081293 |
| spatial dependency of v. cholera prevalence on open space refuse dumps in kumasi, ghana: a spatial statistical modelling. | cholera has persisted in ghana since its introduction in the early 70's. from 1999 to 2005, the ghana ministry of health officially reported a total of 26,924 cases and 620 deaths to the who. etiological studies suggest that the natural habitat of v. cholera is the aquatic environment. its ability to survive within and outside the aquatic environment makes cholera a complex health problem to manage. once the disease is introduced in a population, several environmental factors may lead to prolong ... | 2008 | 19087235 |
| differential immunogenicity of vibrio cholerae o139 variants expressing different combinations of naturally occurring and atypical forms of the serogroup polysaccharide. | field testing of an inactivated bivalent o1/o139 cholera vaccine suggests that vibrio cholerae o1 is more immunogenic than v. cholerae o139. to investigate whether this might be partly attributable to the production of capsular polysaccharide (cps) by o139 isolates, we have compared the immunogenicity of variant strains expressing different combinations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and cps. these studies indicate that the core-linked lps structure is of paramount importance for induction of antib ... | 2009 | 19100303 |
| [detection and identification of seven clinical common pathogenic bacteria by oligonucleotide microarray]. | using 16s rdna and 23s rdna genes as the target sequences to develop a system based on oligonucleotide microarray and to detect the seven clinical pathogenic bacteria, commonly seen. | 2008 | 19103121 |
| analysis of the sfax(ii) locus in the escherichia coli meningitis isolate ihe3034 reveals two novel regulatory genes within the promoter-distal region of the main s fimbrial operon. | we describe the expression and regulation of the gene sfax(ii) located near the sfa(ii) fimbrial determinant in the newborn meningitis escherichia coli (nmec) isolate ihe3034. sfax(ii) belongs to a gene family, the 17-kda genes, typically located downstream (300-3000bp) of different fimbrial operons found in e. coli isolates of uropathogenic and newborn meningitis origin. using transcriptional sfax(ii) reporter gene fusions we found that different environmental conditions commonly affecting expr ... | 2009 | 19103276 |
| role of melanin pigment in expression of vibrio cholerae virulence factors. | we identified the mutated gene locus in a pigment-overproducing vibrio cholerae mutant of strain a1552. the deduced gene product is suggested to be an oxidoreductase based on partial homology to putative homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase in pseudomonas aeruginosa and mesorhizobium loti, and we propose that the gene vc1345 in the v. cholerae genome be denoted hmga in accordance with the nomenclature for other species. the hmga::mini-tn5 mutant showed a nonpigmented phenotype after complementation wit ... | 2009 | 19103773 |
| involvement of intracellular signaling cascades in inflammatory responses in human intestinal epithelial cells following vibrio cholerae infection. | vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, leads to the induction of host cell nuclear responses and the activation of proinflammatory cytokines in the cultured intestinal epithelial cells. however, the host cell signaling pathway leading to proinflammatory response is not explored. in this study, we demonstrated that v. cholerae infection on intestinal epithelial cells results in the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(erk1/2) and p38 of the mitogen activated protein ... | 2009 | 19110311 |
| ultrastructural changes in the small intestine of suckling mice, caused by vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease. | suckling mice aged 4-5 days were injected with vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease and ultrastructural changes in their small intestine were studied after 5 h. the preparation caused a statistically significant accumulation of fluid in the intestine, appearance of large gaps along cell-cell spaces in the villi and crypts, intense production and secretion of the mucus by goblet cells. the formation of interepithelial cavities was paralleled by vascular changes, supplemented by extravasal disor ... | 2008 | 19110602 |
| nucleotide dependent packing differences in helical crystals of the abc transporter msba. | bacterial atp binding cassette (abc) exporters fulfill a wide variety of transmembrane transport roles and are homologous to the human multidrug resistance p-glycoprotein. recent x-ray structures of the exporters msba and sav1866 have begun to describe the conformational changes that accompany the abc transport cycle. here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of msba reconstituted into a lipid bilayer. using atpase inhibitors, we captured three nucleotide transition states of the trans ... | 2009 | 19114108 |
| a recalibrated molecular clock and independent origins for the cholera pandemic clones. | cholera, caused by vibrio cholerae, erupted globally from south asia in 7 pandemics, but there were also local outbreaks between the 6(th) (1899-1923) and 7(th) (1961-present) pandemics. all the above are serotype o1, whereas environmental or invertebrate isolates are antigenically diverse. the pre 7th pandemic isolates mentioned above, and other minor pathogenic clones, are related to the 7(th) pandemic clone, while the 6(th) pandemic clone is in the same lineage but more distantly related, and ... | 2008 | 19115014 |
| classical ctxb in vibrio cholerae o1, kolkata, india. | 2009 | 19116078 | |
| variable gene family usage of protective and non-protective anti-vibrio cholerae o1 lps antibody heavy chains. | vibrio cholerae causes cholera, an enteric disease of humans that is a worldwide problem. the o1 serogroup of vibrio cholerae contains two predominant serotypes (inaba and ogawa) of lps, a proven protective antigen for humans and experimental animals. we generated b-cell hybridomas from mice immunized with either: (i) two doses of purified inaba lps; (ii) two doses of an inaba hexasaccharide conjugate (terminal six perosamine bound to a protein carrier), (iii) four doses of purified inaba lps; o ... | 2008 | 19120975 |
| cholera in ethiopia in the 1990 s: epidemiologic patterns, clonal analysis, and antimicrobial resistance. | in 1993, after 6 years of absence, cholera re-emerged in the horn of africa. following its introduction to djibouti, the disease spread to the central and southern areas of ethiopia reaching somalia in 1994. cholera outbreaks persisted in ethiopia with a recrudescence of cases in 1998. twenty-two vibrio cholerae o1 strains, selected to represent the 1998 history of cholera in ethiopia, were characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna patterns, bgli ribotyping and antimicrobial susceptibili ... | 2009 | 19121605 |
| enhancing the receptor affinity of the sialic acid-binding domain of vibrio cholerae sialidase through multivalency. | many glycoside hydrolases possess carbohydrate-binding modules (cbms) that help target these enzymes to appropriate substrates and increase their catalytic efficiency. the vibrio cholerae sialidase contains two cbms, one of which is designated as a family cbm40 module and has been shown through structural and calorimetry studies to recognize the alpha-anomer of sialic acid with a kd of approximately 30 microm at 37 degrees c. the affinity of this v. cholerae cbm40 module for sialic acid is one o ... | 2009 | 19124471 |
| antifungal and antibacterial activities of mexican tarragon (tagetes lucida). | mexican tarragon (tagetes lucida cv. asteraceae: campanulatae) is an important, nutritious plant and an effective herbal medicine. seven coumarins, 7,8-dihydroxycoumarin (4), umbelliferone (7-hydroxycoumarin) (5), scoparone (6,7-dimethoxycoumarin) (7), esculetin (6,7-dihydroxycoumarin) (11), 6-hydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (12), herniarin (7-methoxycoumarin) (13), and scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) (14), and three flavonoids, patuletin (18), quercetin (19), and quercetagetin (20), were iso ... | 2006 | 19127719 |
| remodelling of vipa/vipb tubules by clpv-mediated threading is crucial for type vi protein secretion. | the recently identified type vi secretion systems (t6ss) have a crucial function in the virulence of various proteobacteria, including the human pathogen vibrio cholerae. t6ss are encoded by a conserved gene cluster comprising approximately 15 open reading frames, mediating the appearance of hcp and vgrg proteins in cell culture supernatants. here, we analysed the function of the v. cholerae t6ss member clpv, a specialized aaa+ protein. clpv is crucial for a functional t6ss and interacts through ... | 2009 | 19131969 |
| quantitative determination of cyclic diguanosine monophosphate concentrations in nucleotide extracts of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | the physiological response to small molecules (secondary messengers) is the outcome of a delicate equilibrium between biosynthesis and degradation of the signal. cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) is a novel secondary messenger present in many bacteria. it has a complex cellular metabolism whereby usually more than one enzyme synthesizing and degrading c-di-gmp is encoded by a bacterial genome. to assess the in vivo conditions of c-di-gmp signaling, we developed a high-performance liqui ... | 2009 | 19135022 |
| biogeographic patterns in genomic diversity among a large collection of vibrio cholerae isolates. | vibrio cholerae strains are capable of inhabiting multiple niches in the aquatic environment and in some cases cause disease in humans. however, the ecology and biodiversity of these bacteria in environmental settings remains poorly understood. we used the genomic fingerprinting technique enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence pcr (eric-pcr) to profile 835 environmental isolates from waters and sediments obtained at nine sites along the central california coast. we identified 1 ... | 2009 | 19139224 |
| a large cholera outbreak due to a new cholera toxin variant of the vibrio cholerae o1 el tor biotype in orissa, eastern india. | a total of 32 vibrio cholerae isolates were collected during a recent large cholera outbreak in eastern india. biochemical and serological studies revealed that all of the isolates belonged to serogroup o1, biotype el tor, serotype ogawa. two multiplex pcr assays confirmed the presence of various toxigenic and pathogenic genes - ace, ctxab, hlya, ompu, ompw, rfbo1, rtx, tcp, toxr and zot - in all of the isolates. sequencing of the ctxb gene from the isolates revealed a novel mutation in the gene ... | 2009 | 19141742 |
| vibrio cholerae o1 clinical strains isolated in 1992 in kolkata with progenitor traits of the 2004 mozambique variant. | retrospective analysis led to the detection of two vibrio cholerae variant o1 strains (vc51 and vc53), which were isolated in 1992 in kolkata from clinical cases, with identical traits to 2004 mozambique variant o1 strains. the mozambique o1 strains that caused a huge outbreak in 2004 have been shown to have phenotypic traits of both classical and el tor biotypes, and thereby have been reported as variant. our study demonstrated that two o1 strains isolated in kolkata during 1992 were of the el ... | 2009 | 19141743 |
| giardia duodenalis assemblages associated with diarrhea in children in south india identified by pcr-rflp. | giardial diarrhea in a birth cohort of 452 children in an urban slum in south india was characterized. of the 155 episodes that occurred in 99 children, 73% were acute diarrhea. children with better educated mothers and a toilet at home had lower odds of acquiring giardial diarrhea, whereas low socioeconomic status and drinking municipal water were associated with greater risk. children with co-infections tended to have a slightly longer duration of diarrhea (p = 0.061) and showed significantly ... | 2009 | 19141832 |
| robust gut associated vaccine-specific antibody-secreting cell responses are detected at the mucosal surface of bangladeshi subjects after immunization with an oral killed bivalent v. cholerae o1/o139 whole cell cholera vaccine: comparison with other mucosal and systemic responses. | the emergence of v. cholerae o139 serogroup of v. cholerae capable of causing severe dehydrating cholera has over the decade led to efforts in formulation of vaccines to protect against this pathogen. although the prevalence of diarrhea due to v. cholerae o139 has recorded a decrease, efforts on vaccine development continues to formulate an oral vaccine capable of stimulating the gut mucosal system. we have studied the mucosal immunogenicity in bangladeshi adults to a killed whole cell (wc) biva ... | 2009 | 19146897 |
| etiology of acute gastroenteritis in three sentinel general practices, austria 2007. | we studied the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in a village with a total population of approximately 6,000. this is the first study in austria that has investigated a broad range of pathogens recovered from an unselected population of patients who had consulted general practitioners because of gastroenteritis. | 2009 | 19148576 |
| structural bioinformatics of vibrio cholerae aminopeptidase a (pepa) monomer. | aminopeptidase a (pepa) is a metalloexopeptidase found in vibrio cholerae .it functions as a transcriptional repressor in regulatory cascade that controls virulence gene expression in v. cholerae. it is involved in protein degradation and in the metabolism of biologically active peptides. we proposed a 3d model of pepa based upon the crystal structure of pepa from escherichia coli (e. coli) with an intention to evaluate the active site of the enzyme and to predict the properties of this enzyme, ... | 2009 | 19149671 |
| the electron transfer pathway of the na+-pumping nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | the na(+)-pumping nadh:quinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr) is the only respiratory enzyme that operates as a na(+) pump. this redox-driven na(+) pump is amenable to experimental approaches not available for h(+) pumps, providing an excellent system for mechanistic studies of ion translocation. an understanding of the internal electron transfer steps and their na(+) dependence is an essential prerequisite for such studies. to this end, we analyzed the reduction kinetics of the wild type na(+)-nqr, ... | 2009 | 19155212 |
| sxt-related integrating conjugative element and incc plasmids in vibrio cholerae o1 strains in eastern africa. | the objective of this study was to investigate the extent of resistance patterns and associated mobile genetic elements in epidemic v. cholerae o1 el tor strains isolated from eastern africa in the late 1990s. | 2009 | 19155226 |
| a molecular survey on virulence associated genotypes of non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae in aquatic environment of tehran, iran. | thirty-seven vibrio cholerae strains were isolated from surface water sources at 5 different locations in tehran, iran during 2006 and were identified as non-o1 and non-o139 isolates. pcr for sxt element and class 1 integron was positive for 19% and 5.4% of isolates, respectively. pcr for virulence associated-genes within the vibrio pathogenicity island (vpi) gene cluster showed the presence of lj, int and rj in 8, 59 and 30% of the isolates, respectively. none of the v. cholerae isolates contai ... | 2009 | 19157484 |
| pathogenic potential of vibriophages against an experimental infection with vibrio cholerae o1 in the ritard model. | cholera continues to be an important public health problem in developing countries, including india. this study concerns the feasibility of possible exploitation of bacteriophages as a biocontrol agent to eliminate the pathogen vibrio cholerae from the gut using the removable intestinal tie-adult rabbit diarrhoea (ritard) model. a control rabbit challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml of v. cholerae mak 757 developed grade ii to iv diarrhoea, but the phage-treated rabbit that receive ... | 2009 | 19157799 |
| incidence, virulence factors, and clonality among clinical strains of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolates from hospitalized diarrheal patients in kolkata, india. | the incidence of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 strains from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea constituted 27.4% (n = 54) of the total 197 v. cholerae strains isolated from patients in kolkata, india, in 2003. of 197 strains, 135 were identified as o1 serotype ogawa and 2 were identified as o139. in the same time period, six o1 background rough strains that possessed all known virulence factors were identified. serotype analysis of the non-o1, non-o139 strains placed 42 strains into 19 ... | 2009 | 19158257 |
| influence of domain architecture and codon usage pattern on the evolution of virulence factors of vibrio cholerae. | cholera remains a heavy burden to human health in some developing countries including india where sanitation is poor and health care is limited. after the publication of the complete genome sequence of vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of cholera, extensive possibilities, earlier unavailable, have opened up to understand the genetic organization of v. cholerae. in the present study, we analyzed all the pathogenic non-horizontally transferred genes of v. cholerae to know the ancestral relati ... | 2009 | 19159613 |
| [analysis of molecular biological characteristic of the gene and its flanking sequences, similar with transposase in vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island, among v. alginolyticus strains]. | to investigate whether the gene similar with transposase gene (vpit) from pathogenicity island of vibrio cholerae exists in v. alginolyticus strains, and to analyze molecular biological characteristic of the gene and its flanking sequences. | 2008 | 19160819 |
| two clinical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae carrying plasmid-borne blaimp-4, blashv-12, and arma isolated at a pediatric center in shanghai, china. | two cases of pulmonary infection due to strains of multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae were investigated. beta-lactamase determinants, such as bla(imp-4) and bla(shv-12), and the 16s rrna methyltransferase-encoding gene arma were detected in these plasmid-bearing organisms. the integron-borne bla(imp-4) and arma contained intervening sequences highly related to those of a vibrio cholerae o139 plasmid found in hangzhou, china. | 2009 | 19164142 |
| gene dosage compensation calibrates four regulatory rnas to control vibrio cholerae quorum sensing. | quorum sensing is a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication that allows bacteria to coordinately regulate gene expression in response to changes in cell-population density. at the core of the vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing signal transduction pathway reside four homologous small rnas (srnas), named the quorum regulatory rnas 1-4 (qrr1-4). the four qrr srnas are functionally redundant. that is, expression of any one of them is sufficient for wild-type quorum-sensing behaviour. here, we show that ... | 2009 | 19165149 |
| survey of antibiogram tests in cholera patients in the 2005 epidemic in hamadan, islamic republic of iran. | an analytical cross-sectional study determined the serogroups and serotypes of vibrio cholerae, and their antibiotic resistance rates, in the 2005 cholera epidemic in hamadan. all 190 patients with positive stool cultures had v. cholerae serogroup o1, biotype el tor and serotype inaba positive. of 60 cases selected randomly for antibiogram testing, sensitivity to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, amikacin, tetracycline and doxycycline was 97%, 92%, 88%, 85%, 77% and 67% respectively. resist ... | 2008 | 19166158 |
| direct regulation by the vibrio cholerae regulator toxt to modulate colonization and anticolonization pilus expression. | the pathogen vibrio cholerae uses a large number of coordinated transcriptional regulatory events to transition from its environmental reservoir to the host and establish itself at its preferred colonization site at the host intestinal mucosa. the key regulator in this process is the arac/xyls family transcription factor, toxt, which plays critical roles in pathogenesis, including the regulation of two type iv pili, the anticolonization factor mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin and the toxin-coregu ... | 2009 | 19168737 |
| two sequential outbreaks in two villages illustrate the various modes of transmission of cholera. | we investigated two sequential outbreaks of severe diarrhoea in two neighbouring villages of orissa, in 2005. we conducted descriptive and matched case-control studies. the attack rates were 5.6% (n=62) and 5.2% (n=51), respectively, in the first and second villages. one death was reported in the second village (case fatality 2%). we identified that consumption of milk products prepared in the household of the index case [matched odds ratio (mor) 5.7, 95% confidence interval (ci) 1.7-30] in the ... | 2009 | 19171080 |
| culture supernatants from v. cholerae o1 el tor strains isolated from different geographic areas induce cell vacuolation and cytotoxicity. | to investigate whether the hlya-induced vacuolating effect is produced by v. cholerae o1 eltor strains isolated from different geographic origins, including mexico. | 2009 | 19180312 |
| improved purification process for cholera toxin and its application to the quantification of residual toxin in cholera vaccines. | a simplified method for the purification of cholera toxin was developed. the 569b strain of vibrio cholerae, a recognized hyper-producer of cholera toxin, was propagated in a bioreactor under conditions that promote the production of the toxin. the toxin was separated from the bacterial cells using 0.2-microm crossflow microfiltration, the clarified toxin was passed through the membrane into the permeate, and the bacterial cells were retained in the retentate. the 0.2-microm permeate was then co ... | 2009 | 19190416 |
| outbreaks caused by new variants of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor, india. | 2009 | 19193297 | |
| an alternative polyamine biosynthetic pathway is widespread in bacteria and essential for biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. | polyamines are small organic cations found in all cells, and the biosynthetic pathway is well described in eukaryotes and escherichia coli. the characterized pathway uses decarboxylated s-adenosylmethionine as the aminopropyl group donor to form spermidine from putrescine by the key enzymes s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and spermidine synthase. we report here the in vivo characterization of an alternative polyamine biosynthetic pathway from vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of human chol ... | 2009 | 19196710 |
| mutagenesis and homology modeling of the tn21 integron integrase inti1. | horizontal dna transfer between bacteria is widespread and a major cause of antibiotic resistance. for logistic reasons, single or combined genes are shuttled between vectors such as plasmids and bacterial chromosomes. special elements termed integrons operate in such shuttling and are therefore vital for horizontal gene transfer. shorter elements carrying genes, cassettes, are integrated in the integrons, or excised from them, by virtue of a recombination site, attc, positioned in the 3' end of ... | 2009 | 19199791 |
| the core oligosaccharide and thioredoxin of vibrio cholerae are necessary for binding and propagation of its typing phage vp3. | vp3 is a t7-like phage and was used as one of the typing phages in a phage-biotyping scheme that has been used for the typing of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor. here, we studied the receptor and other host genes of v. cholerae necessary for the lytic propagation of vp3. six mutants resistant to vp3 infection were obtained from the random transposon insertion mutant bank of the sensitive strain n16961. the genes vc0229 and vc0231, which belong to the wav gene cluster encoding the core oligosac ... | 2009 | 19201789 |
| a conserved alpha-helix essential for a type vi secretion-like system of francisella tularensis. | francisella tularensis harbors genes with similarity to genes encoding components of a type vi secretion system (t6ss) recently identified in several gram-negative bacteria. these genes include igla and iglb encoding igla and iglb, homologues of which are conserved in most t6sss. we used a yeast two-hybrid system to study the interaction of the igl proteins of f. tularensis lvs. we identified a region of igla, encompassing residues 33 to 132, necessary for efficient binding to iglb, as well as f ... | 2009 | 19201795 |
| peruvian vibrio cholerae o1 el tor strains possess a distinct region in the vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii that differentiates them from the prototype seventh pandemic el tor strains. | a collection of environmental and clinical strains of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from the beginning of the latin american epidemic of cholera in 1991 to 2003 from multiple locations in peru were characterized and compared with v. cholerae o1 el tor strains of the seventh pandemic from the rest of the world (asia, africa, australia and europe) using a multilocus virulence gene profiling strategy and dna sequencing. peruvian strains differed from el tor strains from the rest of the world by the f ... | 2009 | 19208885 |
| inferring disease-related pathways using a probabilistic epistasis model. | motivation: we present a probabilistic model called a joint intervention network (jin) for inferring interactions among a chosen set of regulator genes. the input to the method are expression changes of downstream indicator genes observed under the knock-out of the regulators. jin can use any number of perturbation combinations for model inference (e.g. single, double, and triple knock-outs). resuits/conclusions: we applied jin to a vibrio cholerae regulatory network to uncover mechanisms critic ... | 2009 | 19209724 |
| a variant in long palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 is associated with cholera in a bangladeshi population. | vibrio cholerae causes a dehydrating diarrheal illness that can be rapidly fatal in the absence of specific treatment. the organism is an historic scourge and, like similar infectious diseases, may have influenced the evolution of the human genome. we report here the results of the first candidate gene association study of cholera. in a family-based study of 76 pedigrees from dhaka, bangladesh, we evaluated the association between cholera and five candidate genes-the cystic fibrosis transmembran ... | 2009 | 19212328 |