Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| expression of toxin co-regulated pilus subunit a (tcpa) of vibrio cholerae and its immunogenic epitopes fused to cholera toxin b subunit in transgenic tomato (solanum lycopersicum). | for protection against cholera, it is important to develop efficient vaccine capable of inducing anti-toxin as well as anti-colonizing immunity against vibrio cholerae infections. earlier, expression of cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) in tomato was reported by us. in the present investigation, toxin co-regulated pilus subunit a (tcpa), earlier reported to be an antigen capable of providing anti-colonization immunity, has been expressed in tomato. further, to generate more potent combinatorial anti ... | 2008 | 17962948 |
| characterization of cholera outbreak isolates from namibia, december 2006 to february 2007. | we report on the first recorded outbreak of cholera in namibia. from december 2006 to february 2007, more than 250 cases of cholera were reported from the omusati and kunene provinces of namibia. however, only nine bacterial isolates were obtainable for analysis. isolates were all identified as vibrio cholerae o1 serotype inaba biotype el tor. all isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, augmentin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, kanamycin, imipenem, ceftriaxone and ... | 2008 | 17963590 |
| recombinant expression of twelve evolutionarily diverse subfamily ialpha aminotransferases. | aminotransferases are essential enzymes involved in the central metabolism of all organisms. the ialpha subfamily of aspartate and tyrosine aminotransferases (aatases and tatases) is the best-characterized grouping, but only eight enzymes from this subfamily, representing relatively little sequence diversity, have been experimentally characterized for substrate specificity (i.e., aatase vs. tatase). genome annotation, based on this limited dataset, provides tentative assignments for all sequence ... | 2008 | 17964807 |
| [selection of attenuated vibrio cholerae strains to obtain oral attenuated candidate vaccines against cholera]. | a methodology was developed for the selection of genetically modified strains of vibrio cholerae 01 and 0139 aimed at obtaining oral attenuated candidate vaccines against cholera. the modified strains underwent microbiological characterization, bacterial susceptibility and different biological tests (mean lethal dose, colonizing capacity, adherence in mice, ligated intestine and intraduodenal inoculation in rabbits as virulence and potency tests. the strains 81, 638, 638t and 1333 were evaluated ... | 2005 | 17966578 |
| viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae o1 in biofilms in the aquatic environment and their role in cholera transmission. | vibrio cholerae persists in aquatic environments predominantly in a nonculturable state. in this study coccoid, nonculturable v. cholerae o1 in biofilms maintained for 495 days in mathbaria, bangladesh, pond water became culturable upon animal passage. culturability, biofilm formation, and the wbe, ctxa, and rstr2 genes were monitored by culture, direct fluorescent antibody (dfa), and multiplex pcr. dfa counts were not possible after formation of biofilm. furthermore, wbe, but not ctxa, were amp ... | 2007 | 17968017 |
| molecular characterization of vibrio cholerae deltarela deltaspot double mutants. | in escherichia coli cellular levels of pppgpp and ppgpp, collectively called (p)ppgpp, are maintained by the products of two genes, rela and spot. like e. coli, vibrio cholerae also possesses rela and spot genes. here we show that similar to e. coli, v. cholerae deltarela cells can accumulate (p)ppgpp upon carbon starvation but not under amino acid starved condition. although like in e. coli, the spot gene function was found to be essential in v. cholerae rela (+ )background, but unlike e. coli, ... | 2008 | 17968531 |
| [laboratory diagnosis of cholera during enterocolitis epidemic at dimitrovgrad in august and september 1989]. | epidemy of enterocolitis at dimitrovgrad started on the 15th of august 1989, and lasted for a whole month. 2018 persons became ill. bacteriological cholera tests were performed on 3054 samples of stools from 2558 patients, and of those who were in contact with the sick populations. stool samples were cultured on the alcal peptonic water, alcal agar, and tcbs agar for vibrio isolation. suspicious colonies identification was made by biochemical and serological tests. difference between cholera bio ... | 1991 | 17974375 |
| phylogenetic analysis of vibrios and related species by means of atpa gene sequences. | we investigated the use of atpa gene sequences as alternative phylogenetic and identification markers for vibrios. a fragment of 1322 bp (corresponding to approximately 88% of the coding region) was analysed in 151 strains of vibrios. the relationships observed were in agreement with the phylogeny inferred from 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. for instance, the vibrio cholerae, vibrio halioticoli, vibrio harveyi and vibrio splendidus species groups appeared in the atpa gene phylogenetic analyses ... | 2007 | 17978204 |
| generation and characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to recombinant 26-kda periplasmic protein of brucella abortus. | in the present study, hybridomas were developed for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mab) against recombinant 26-kda periplasmic protein (rbp26) of brucella abortus. a set of six stabilized hybridoma cell lines were generated. monoclonal antibodies secreted by all of these clones exhibited reaction for rbp26, as well as with the protein of 26-kda, derived from whole cell lysate of b. abortus 544. three out of six mabs were igg1, two were igm, and one was igg2b in nature. these mabs did n ... | 2007 | 17979549 |
| rna secondary structure regulates the translation of sxy and competence development in haemophilus influenzae. | the sxy (tfox) gene product is the central regulator of dna uptake by naturally competent gamma-proteobacteria such as haemophilus influenzae, vibrio cholerae and probably escherichia coli. however, the mechanisms regulating sxy gene expression are not understood despite being key to understanding the physiological role of dna uptake. we have isolated mutations in h. influenzae sxy that greatly elevate translation and thus cause competence to develop in otherwise non-inducing conditions (hyperco ... | 2008 | 17981840 |
| a novel role for enzyme i of the vibrio cholerae phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in regulation of growth in a biofilm. | glucose is a universal energy source and a potent inducer of surface colonization for many microbial species. highly efficient sugar assimilation pathways ensure successful competition for this preferred carbon source. one such pathway is the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (pts), a multicomponent sugar transport system that phosphorylates the sugar as it enters the cell. components required for transport of glucose through the pts include enzyme i, histidine protein, enzyme iia(gl ... | 2008 | 17981973 |
| lipidation of an flrc-dependent protein is required for enhanced intestinal colonization by vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has a sheathed, polar flagellum, and motility has been linked to virulence. an operon with two genes, flgo and flgp (vc2207 and vc2206), is positively regulated by flrc, the activator of class iii flagellar genes. deletion of flgp results in a nonmotile phenotype, demonstrating the requirement of this gene for v. cholerae motility. v. cholerae delta flgp cells synthesize fragile and defective flagella but transcribe flagellar genes similar to the ... | 2008 | 17981980 |
| effectiveness in prevention of travellers' diarrhoea by an oral cholera vaccine wc/rbs. | to investigate the effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine (dukoral((r))) in preventing travellers' diarrhoea. | 2007 | 17983977 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant strain of vibrio cholerae o1 in bangladesh and reversal of their susceptibility to tetracycline after two years. | 2007 | 17985827 | |
| molecular mechanisms of virstatin resistance by non-o1/non-o139 strains of vibrio cholerae. | virstatin is a previously described small molecule inhibitor of vibrio cholerae virulence. we have demonstrated that the molecule inhibits the activity of the transcriptional activator toxt, thereby preventing elaboration of the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) and cholera toxin in vitro and in vivo in o1 strains of v. cholerae. while strains of the o1 and o139 serogroups are the cause of most epidemic and endemic cholera currently seen globally, sporadic disease caused by strains of non-o1/non-o1 ... | 2007 | 17986190 |
| an in vivo expression technology screen for vibrio cholerae genes expressed in human volunteers. | in vivo expression technology (ivet) has been widely used to study gene expression of human bacterial pathogens in animal models, but has heretofore not been used in humans to our knowledge. as part of ongoing efforts to understand vibrio cholerae pathogenesis and develop improved v. cholerae vaccines, we have performed an ivet screen in humans for genes that are preferentially expressed by v. cholerae during infection. a library of 8,734 nontoxigenic v. cholerae strains carrying transcriptional ... | 2007 | 17986616 |
| vibrio infections in louisiana: twenty-five years of surveillance 1980-2005. | a total of 1,007 vibrio infections were reported to the infectious disease epidemiology department at the louisiana office of public heath, between 1980 and 2005. the most common were vibrio vulnificus (257 infections), vibrio parahemolyticus (249 infections), and vibrio cholerae non o1 (200 cases). other species were much less common. vibrio vulnificus infections, which are associated with consumption of raw seafood (particularly oysters) or contact with sea water, and severe immuno-suppression ... | 2007 | 17987958 |
| a potential epidemic factor from the bacteria, vibrio cholerae wo7. | certain species of vibrio cholerae have evolved mechanisms to become pathogenic to humans, with the potential to cause a severe life-threatening diarrheal disease, cholera. cholera can emerge as explosive outbreaks in the human population. v. cholerae illness is produced primarily through the expression of a potent toxin (cholera toxin) within the human intestine. the present study has been carried out on a novel toxin purified from v. cholerae w07, an epidemic cholera strain devoid of cholera t ... | 2008 | 17990031 |
| [the centenary of the discovery of the vibrio el tor (1905) or dubious beginnings of the seventh pandemic of cholera]. | as a direct result of the 1865 cholera epidemic, health authorities have realized that the mecca pilgrimage represented a permanent risk for the global diffusion of this scourge. it was decided to open five quarantine stations along the red sea, among them the el tor station. there, felix gotschlich, in 1905, isolated for the first time the el tor vibrio from pilgrims deceased when coming back from mecca. this vibrio had atypical biologic properties. although agglutinated by specific antisera, i ... | 2007 | 17992832 |
| a clarion call for greater investment in global sanitation. | 2007 | 17993346 | |
| three pathogenicity islands of vibrio cholerae can excise from the chromosome and form circular intermediates. | vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (vpi-2) is a 57-kb region integrated at a transfer rna (trna)-serine locus that encompasses vc1758 to vc1809 on the v. cholerae n16961 genome and is present in pandemic isolates. vpi-2 encodes a p4-like integrase, a restriction modification system, a mu phage-like region, and a sialic acid metabolism region, as well as neuraminidase (vc1784), which is a glycosylhydrolase known to release sialic acid from sialoglycoconjugates to unmask gm1 gangliosides, the receptor ... | 2008 | 17993521 |
| a structural study of gdp-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose-3-dehydratase: caught in the act of geminal diamine formation. | di- and trideoxysugars are an important class of carbohydrates synthesized by certain plants, fungi, and bacteria. colitose, for example, is a 3,6-dideoxysugar found in the o-antigens of gram-negative bacteria such as escherichia coli, salmonella enterica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, and vibrio cholerae, among others. these types of dideoxysugars are thought to serve as antigenic determinants and to play key roles in bacterial defense and survival. four enzymes are required for the biochemical ... | 2007 | 17997582 |
| the major vibrio cholerae autoinducer and its role in virulence factor production. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the human disease cholera, uses cell-to-cell communication to control pathogenicity and biofilm formation. this process, known as quorum sensing, relies on the secretion and detection of signalling molecules called autoinducers. at low cell density v. cholerae activates the expression of virulence factors and forms biofilms. at high cell density the accumulation of two quorum-sensing autoinducers represses these traits. these two autoinducers, cholerae aut ... | 2007 | 18004304 |
| vibrio vulnificus rtx toxin kills host cells only after contact of the bacteria with host cells. | vibrio vulnificus causes acute cell death and a fatal septicaemia. in this study, we show that contact with host cells is a prerequisite to the acute cytotoxicity. we screened transposon mutants defective in the contact-dependent cytotoxicity. two mutants had insertions within two open reading frames in a putative rtx toxin operon, the rtxa1 or rtxd encoding an rtx toxin (4701 amino acids) or an abc type transporter (467 amino acids). an rtxa1 mutation resulted in a cytotoxicity defect, which wa ... | 2008 | 18005241 |
| the vibrio cholerae cytolysin promotes activation of mast cell (t helper 2) cytokine production. | many strains of vibrio cholerae produce a cytolysin (vcc) that forms oligomeric transmembrane pores responsible for vacuolization of several cell types in culture. here we suggest that vcc could contribute to the t helper 2 (th2) response seen in the natural infection; acting through tlr2, vcc enhances mast cells secretion of il-4, il-6 and tnf-alpha by 330-, 290- and 550-fold respectively. moreover, vcc-induced cytokine production is dependent on increased cytosolic ca(2+) and on the presence o ... | 2008 | 18005391 |
| a type iii secretion system in vibrio cholerae translocates a formin/spire hybrid-like actin nucleator to promote intestinal colonization. | we have previously characterized a non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strain, am-19226, that lacks the known virulence factors but contains components of a type iii secretion system (t3ss). in this study, we demonstrated that the t3ss is functional and is required for intestinal colonization in the infant mouse model. we also identified vopf, which is conserved among t3ss-positive v. cholerae strains, as an effector containing both formin homology 1-like (fh1-like) and wasp homology 2 (wh2) domain ... | 2007 | 18005688 |
| genes induced late in infection increase fitness of vibrio cholerae after release into the environment. | the facultative pathogen vibrio cholerae can exist in both the human small bowel and in aquatic environments. while investigation of the infection process has revealed many factors important for pathogenesis, little is known regarding transmission of this or other water-borne pathogens. using a temporally controlled reporter of transcription, we focus on bacterial gene expression during the late stage of infection and identify a unique class of v. cholerae genes specific to this stage. mutationa ... | 2007 | 18005744 |
| exploiting cholera vaccines as a versatile antigen delivery platform. | the development of safe, immunogenic and protective cholera vaccine candidates makes possible their use as a versatile antigen delivery platform. foreign antigens can be delivered to the immune system with cholera vaccines by expressing heterologous antigens in live attenuated vectors, as fusion proteins with cholera toxin subunits combined with inactivated vibrio cholerae whole cells or by exposing them on the surface of v. cholerae ghosts. progress in our understanding of the genes expressed b ... | 2008 | 18008168 |
| studies on the antimicrobial potential of the cardiovascular drug lacidipine. | the cardiovascular drug lacidipine was screened in vitro for possible antibacterial activity with respect to 389 gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains. it was noticed that most bacteria (233) failed to grow at 50-200 microg/ml concentrations of the drug. some strains were inhibited at even lower concentrations. the bacteria could be arranged according to their decreasing order of sensitivity as follows: staphylococcus aureus, vibrio cholerae, salmonella spp., shigellae, escherichia c ... | 2007 | 18019422 |
| the crystal structure of a binary complex of two pseudopilins: epsi and epsj from the type 2 secretion system of vibrio vulnificus. | type ii secretion systems (t2ss) translocate virulence factors from the periplasmic space of many pathogenic bacteria into the extracellular environment. the t2ss of vibrio cholerae and related species is called the extracellular protein secretion (eps) system that consists of a core of multiple copies of 11 different proteins. the pseudopilins, epsg, epsh, epsi, epsj and epsk, are five t2ss proteins that are thought to assemble into a pseudopilus, which is assumed to interact with the outer mem ... | 2008 | 18022192 |
| flexibility in the abc transporter msba: alternating access with a twist. | atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are integral membrane proteins that translocate a wide variety of substrates across cellular membranes and are conserved from bacteria to humans. here we compare four x-ray structures of the bacterial abc lipid flippase, msba, trapped in different conformations, two nucleotide-bound structures and two in the absence of nucleotide. comparison of the nucleotide-free conformations of msba reveals a flexible hinge formed by extracellular loops 2 and 3. this hi ... | 2007 | 18024585 |
| complexity of rice-water stool from patients with vibrio cholerae plays a role in the transmission of infectious diarrhea. | at the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, one-half of the rice-water stool samples that were culture-positive for vibrio cholerae did not contain motile v. cholerae by standard darkfield microscopy and were defined as darkfield-negative (df(-)). we evaluated the host and microbial factors associated with df status, as well as the impact of df status on transmission. viable counts of v. cholerae in df(-) stools were three logs lower than in df(+) stools, although df ... | 2007 | 18024592 |
| [in process citation]. | oral delivery of vaccines results in these being taken up by specialised microfold epithelial cells covering peyer's patches of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore stimulating regulatory t cells and surface iga positive (siga+) b cells. t helper cells can be divided into 2 subsets, type 1 (t(h)1) and type 2 (t(h)2), according to their function and the cytokines they secrete. t(h)1 cytokines such as interleukin (il)-2, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-beta (tnfbeta) elicit activation ... | 1997 | 18031087 |
| vibrio cholerae fabv defines a new class of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase. | enoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) reductase catalyzes the last step of the fatty acid elongation cycle. the paradigm enoyl-acp reductase is the fabi protein of escherichia coli that is the target of the antibacterial compound, triclosan. however, some gram-positive bacteria are naturally resistant to triclosan due to the presence of the triclosan-resistant enoyl-acp reductase isoforms, fabk and fabl. the genome of the gram-negative bacterium, vibrio cholerae lacks a gene encoding a homologue of a ... | 2008 | 18032386 |
| [global warming: trailblazer for tropical infections in germany?]. | since 1850, the co (2) content of the atmosphere has increased from 280 to 360 ppm, and the average surface temperature has risen from 14.6 to 15.3 c . a further increase between 1.8 and 4.0 c is expected for the 21st century. temperate and cold climate zones are affected predominantly, but tropical regions are not spared. at the same time, the world wide climate effects of the "el niño southern oscillation" are amplified. global warming enhances the growth of tropical pathogens (malarial plasmo ... | 2007 | 18033654 |
| dissemination of a single vibrio cholerae clone in cholera outbreaks during 2005 in iran. | in this study, 50 vibrio cholerae o1 serotype inaba isolates were collected during several cholera outbreaks throughout iran during the summer of 2005. the results of antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that 86, 84, 84 and 82 % of the isolates were resistant to streptomycin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline, respectively. the strains were genotyped using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd), pfge and ribotyping techniques. pcr showed that 100, 98 and 98 % carried the ct ... | 2007 | 18033829 |
| evidence for a clonally different origin of the two cholera epidemics of 2001-2002 and 1980-1987 in south africa. | vibrio cholerae o1 serotype ogawa and serotype inaba isolates from the cholera epidemic that occurred in 2001 and 2002 in south africa were compared with isolates of v. cholerae o1 serotype inaba from the epidemic that occurred between 1980 and 1987. pfge using noti digestion was used to compare stored isolates received during the 1980s epidemic with those received during the epidemic in 2001/2002. a selected number of these isolates were then sequenced to compare the sequence of the wbet gene i ... | 2007 | 18033834 |
| the structural basis of cyclic diguanylate signal transduction by pilz domains. | the second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) controls the transition between motile and sessile growth in eubacteria, but little is known about the proteins that sense its concentration. bioinformatics analyses suggested that pilz domains bind c-di-gmp and allosterically modulate effector pathways. we have determined a 1.9 a crystal structure of c-di-gmp bound to vca0042/plzd, a pilz domain-containing protein from vibrio cholerae. either this protein or another specific pilz domain-contain ... | 2007 | 18034161 |
| antibacterial activity directed isolation of compounds from punica granatum. | chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of pomegranate fruit following antibacterial activity directed isolation led to the isolation of pelargonidin-3-galactose, cyanidin-3-glucose, gallic acid, quercetin, and myricetin. all these compounds exhibited substantial activity against species of corynebacteria, staphylococci, streptococci, bacillus subtilis, shigella, salmonella, vibrio cholera, and escherichia coli. however, all these compounds were more active against gram-positive species ... | 2007 | 18034726 |
| molecular characterization of a functional type vi secretion system from a clinical isolate of aeromonas hydrophila. | our laboratory recently molecularly characterized the type ii secretion system (t2ss)-associated cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) and the t3ss-secreted aexu effector from a diarrheal isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila. the role of these toxin proteins in the pathogenesis of a. hydrophila infections was subsequently delineated in in vitro and in vivo models. in this study, we characterized the new type vi secretion system (t6ss) from isolate ssu of a. hydrophila and demonstrated its role in bacterial ... | 2008 | 18037263 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of all rnd-type efflux transporters in vibrio cholerae non-o1. | resistance nodulation cell division (rnd) efflux transporters are thought to be involved in mediating multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria, including vibrio cholerae non-o1. there are six operons for putative rnd-type efflux transporters present in the chromosome of v. cholerae o1 including two operons, vexab and vexcd, which had already been identified. all of the six operons were cloned from v. cholerae non-o1, nctc4716 by the pcr method, introduced, and expressed in cells of drug hy ... | 2007 | 18037783 |
| [molecular-epidemiological characteristic and possible origin of vibrio cholerae non o1/non o139 with complete and limited set of virulence genes]. | study of molecular-epidemiological characteristics of vibrio cholerae non o1/non o139 serogroup with complete and limited set of virulence genes was performed. differences of their genes composition as compared to these of o1 serogroup (classic and el tor biovars) were revealed, which points to their origin from avirulent environmental cholera vibrios. | 2007 | 18038543 |
| chemical basis of glycine riboswitch cooperativity. | the glycine binding riboswitch forms a unique tandem aptamer structure that binds glycine cooperatively. we employed nucleotide analog interference mapping (naim) and mutagenesis to explore the chemical basis of glycine riboswitch cooperativity. based on the interference pattern, at least two sites appear to facilitate cooperative tertiary interactions, namely, the minor groove of the p1 helix from aptamer 1 and the major groove of the p3a helix from both aptamers. mutation of these residues alt ... | 2008 | 18042658 |
| structure discrimination for the c-terminal domain of escherichia coli trigger factor in solution. | nmr measurements can give important information on solution structure, without the necessity for a full-scale solution structure determination. the c-terminal protein binding domain of the ribosome-associated chaperone protein trigger factor is composed of non-contiguous parts of the polypeptide chain, with an interpolated prolyl isomerase domain. a construct of the c-terminal domain of escherichia coli trigger factor containing residues 113-149 and 247-432, joined by a gly-ser-gly-ser linker, i ... | 2008 | 18043871 |
| environment and virulence factors of vibrio cholerae strains isolated in argentina. | to determine the presence of vibrio cholerae in different areas of argentina in three sample types, to determine the composition of planktonic communities in areas at which this pathogen was detected and to characterize the virulence properties and antimicrobial resistance of the recovered environmental isolates. | 2007 | 18045430 |
| construction and preclinical evaluation of recombinant peru-15 expressing high levels of the cholera toxin b subunit as a vaccine against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is the leading cause of traveler's diarrhea. the heat-labile (lt) and heat-stable (st) toxins mediate etec induced diarrhea. etec strains may express lt, st, or both lt and st, with lt-expressing strains accounting for approximately 50-60% of etec-related traveler's diarrhea. cholera toxin (ct) is >80% homologous to lt and vaccination with ct-b subunit (ct-b) -based vaccines elicit a protective immune response against lt-producing etec strains. peru-15 is ... | 2007 | 18045752 |
| evaluation of in vivo and in vitro biological activity of a vibrio cholerae 01 hemolysin. | to evaluate the hemolysin effect by ileal loop model produced by vibrio cholerae o1 strains, compared with the cellular lysis or cytotoxic activity (ca) observed in cell culture. | 2007 | 18053392 |
| microbiology: bilingual bacteria. | 2007 | 18063996 | |
| [biofilm formation and response to oxidative stress in pseudomonas aeruginosa and vibrio cholerae non-o1 depending on culture media]. | to evaluate the effect of six culture media (five complex and one mineral) on biofilm formation and response to oxidative stress in pseudomonas aeruginosa (3 strains) and vibrio cholerae non-o1 (3 strains). | 2007 | 18064800 |
| occurrence and expression of luminescence in vibrio cholerae. | several species of the genus vibrio, including vibrio cholerae, are bioluminescent or contain bioluminescent strains. previous studies have reported that only 10% of v. cholerae strains are luminescent. analysis of 224 isolates of non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae collected from chesapeake bay, md, revealed that 52% (116/224) were luminescent when an improved assay method was employed and 58% (130/224) of isolates harbored the luxa gene. in contrast, 334 non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae strains isolated fr ... | 2008 | 18065611 |
| synthesis and use of mechanism-based protein-profiling probes for retaining beta-d-glucosaminidases facilitate identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa nagz. | the nagz class of retaining exo-glucosaminidases play a critical role in peptidoglycan recycling in gram-negative bacteria and the induction of resistance to beta-lactams. here we describe the concise synthesis of 2-azidoacetyl-2-deoxy-5-fluoro-beta-d-glucopyranosyl fluoride as an activity-based proteomics probe for profiling these exo-glycosidases. this active-site directed reagent covalently inactivates this class of retaining n-acetylglucosaminidases with exquisite selectivity by stabilizing ... | 2008 | 18067297 |
| construction of cholera toxin b subunit-producing vibrio cholerae strains using the mariner-frt transposon delivery system. | the most widely used oral whole-cell-recombinant b subunit cholera vaccine contains the nontoxic cholera toxin b subunit (ctxb) and either heat- or formalin-killed vibrio cholerae o1 strains. vibrio cholerae o1 strains in the vaccine provide antibacterial immunity, and ctxb contributes to the vaccine's efficacy by stimulating production of anti-ctxb antibody. various attempts have been made to increase ctxb production. in this study, the mariner-frt transposon delivery system developed by chiang ... | 2008 | 18070076 |
| homology modeling of hemagglutinin/protease [ha/p (vibriolysin)] from vibrio cholerae: sequence comparision, residue interactions and molecular mechanism. | vibrio cholerae produces a zinc-containing and calcium-stabilized soluble hemagglutinin/protease, which has been earlier shown to have the ability to cleave several physiologically important substrates including mucin, fibronectin and lactoferin. this study presents homology modeling of hemagglutinin/protease (vibriolysin) from vibrio cholerae in the presence of inhibitor hpi [n-(1-carboxy-3-phenylpropyl)-phenylalanyl-alpha-aspargine]. the 3d structure was predicted based on its sequence homolog ... | 2008 | 18074211 |
| soj (para) dna binding is mediated by conserved arginines and is essential for plasmid segregation. | soj is a member of the para family of atpases involved in plasmid and chromosomal segregation. it binds nonspecifically and cooperatively to dna although the function of this binding is unknown. here, we show that mutation of conserved arginine residues that map to the surface of bacillus subtilis soj caused only minimal effects on nucleotide-dependent dimerization but had dramatic effects on dna binding. using a model plasmid partitioning system in escherichia coli, we find that soj dna-binding ... | 2007 | 18077387 |
| [development and application of real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 in river water]. | to develop a real-time sybr green polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of vibrio cholerae serogroups o1 and o139, and to evaluate its reliability through detection of estuary water samples. | 2007 | 18080563 |
| isolation and characterization of vibrio tubiashii outer membrane proteins and determination of a toxr homolog. | outer membrane proteins (omps) expressed by vibrio tubiashii under different environmental growth conditions were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, n-terminal amino acid sequencing, and pcr analyses. results showed the presence of a 38- to 40-kda ompu-like protein and ompu gene, a maltoporin-like protein, several novel omps, and a regulatory toxr homolog. | 2008 | 18083865 |
| clinical characteristics of non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolates and polymerase chain reaction analysis of their virulence factors. | non-o1/non-o139 vibrio cholerae can cause invasive extraintestinal disease as well as enteritis. the pathogenesis of invasive non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae infections remains to be determined. this study compared the clinical manifestations and predisposing factors between bacteremic and non-bacteremic non-o1/non-o139 v. cholerae infections and examined virulence-associated genes in the pathogenic strains causing invasive disease. | 2007 | 18087626 |
| a new in vitro strand transfer assay for monitoring bacterial class 1 integron recombinase inti1 activity. | inti1 integrase is a tyrosine recombinase involved in the mobility of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes within bacterial class 1 integrons. recent data have shown that its recombination specifically involves the bottom strand of the attc site, but the exact mechanism of the reaction is still unclear. an efficient in vitro assay is still required to better characterize the biochemical properties of the enzyme. in this report we describe for the first time an in vitro system partially reproduci ... | 2007 | 18091989 |
| assessment by electron-microscopy of recombinant vibrio cholerae and salmonella vaccine strains expressing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli-specific surface antigens. | diarrhoea caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) requires adhesion of microorganisms to enterocytes. hence, a promising approach to immunoprophylaxis is to elicit antibodies against colonisation factor antigens (cfas). genes encoding the most prevalent etec-specific surface antigens were cloned into vibrio cholerae and salmonella vaccine strains. expression of surface antigens was assessed by electron-microscopy. whereas negative staining was effective in revealing cfa/i and cs3, but ... | 2008 | 18093230 |
| temperate bacteriophage phio18p from an aeromonas media isolate: characterization and complete genome sequence. | a group of 74 aeromonas isolates from surface water of three ponds in bielefeld, germany was screened for prophage induction after uv irradiation. the phage phio18p was induced from the aeromonas media isolate o18. phio18p belongs to the myoviridae phage family. the complete nucleotide sequence of the double stranded dna genome of bacteriophage phio18p consists of 33,985 bp. the genome has 5' protruding cohesive ends of 16 bases. on the phio18p genome 46 open reading frames (orfs) were identifie ... | 2008 | 18096197 |
| [an avirulent vibrio cholerae strain--producer of the cholera toxin b subunit: obtaining and molecular genetic analysis]. | the conjugative recombinant plasmid piem3 (kmr tcr) was constructed in order to introduce the cloned ctxb gene encoding the cholera toxin b subunit into the vibrio cholerae cells. the plasmid was obtained as a result of co-integration of two plasmids: a conjugative plasmid, piem1(kmr), carrying mini-kan transposon and is1 element, as well as the pctdelta27(tcr) plasmid that is a derivative of the pbr322 which carries the cloned ctxb gene. the avirulent vibrio cholerae strain eltor biovar deprive ... | 2007 | 18154075 |
| detection and identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 and vibrio cholerae o139 using oligonucleotide microarray. | the rapid and accurate detection and identification of the new subtype of the pathogens is crucial for diagnosis, treatment and control of the contagious disease outbreak. here, in this study, an approach to detect and identify escherichia coli o157:h7 and vibrio cholerae o139 was established using oligonucleotide microarray. we coupled multiplex pcr with oligonucleotide microarray to construct an assay suitable for simultaneous identification of two subtypes of the pathogens. | 2007 | 18154687 |
| surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in salmonella, shigella and vibrio cholerae in latin america and the caribbean: a collaborative project. | 2000 | 18159288 | |
| foodborne disease outbreaks caused by sucrose-nonfermenting and beta-galactosidase-deficient variants of vibrio cholerae. | we reported four foodborne disease outbreaks in taiwan caused by sucrose-nonfermenting and by beta-galactosidase-deficient variants of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae. the sucrose-nonfermenting vibrios collected from three outbreaks were biochemically identified to be v. mimicus and the beta-galactosidase-deficient vibrios from an outbreak to be v. alginolyticus. however, molecular methods including dna-dna hybridization, fatty acid profile analysis, and sequence analysis of 16s rrna, oric, pyr ... | 2008 | 18164089 |
| role of escherichia coli in acute diarrhoea in tribal preschool children of central india. | five hundred and eighty preschool children belonging to tribal areas of madhya pradesh were followed up daily for the presence of diarrhoea for a period of 1 year. in all, 1236 episodes of diarrhoea were recorded with an average of 2.13 episodes per child per year. stool samples were collected during 780 episodes. they were cultured to isolate escherichia coli as well as non-e. coli enteropathogens. ten different genes were detected to identify all diarrhoeagenic e. coli using multiplex polymera ... | 2008 | 18173783 |
| functional role of conserved residues in the characteristic secretion ntpase motifs of the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pilus motor proteins pilb, pilt and pilu. | type iv pili are retractable protein fibres used by many bacterial pathogens for adherence, twitching motility, biofilm development and host colonization. in pseudomonas aeruginosa, pilb and pilt are bipolar proteins belonging to the secretion ntpase superfamily, and power pilus extension and retraction, respectively, while the unipolar pilt paralogue pilu supports pilus retraction in an unknown manner. assay of purified 6xhis-tagged pilb, pilt and pilu from p. aeruginosa showed that all three p ... | 2008 | 18174131 |
| decreased potency of the vibrio cholerae sheathed flagellum to trigger host innate immunity. | vibrio cholerae is a monoflagellated gram-negative bacterium that causes the severe diarrheal disease cholera. in contrast to salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection, which is accompanied by both acute diarrhea and high-level inflammation, v. cholerae infection is largely noninflammatory in human hosts. bacterial flagella are composed of flagellin, a highly conserved protein that is also a target of the innate immune response. because the v. cholerae flagellum is covered by a sheath, w ... | 2008 | 18174340 |
| post-transcriptional cross-talk between pro- and anti-colonization pili biosynthesis systems in vibrio cholerae. | the pathogen vibrio cholerae modulates the expression of many genes in order to transition from its environmental reservoir to its niche in the human host. among these are genes encoding two related type iv pili, the mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin (msha) pilus, which aids v. cholerae persistence in aquatic environments but causes clearance of bacteria by host immune defences, and the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) required for colonization. these antagonistic effects are resolved transcription ... | 2008 | 18179420 |
| risk factors for cholera in pohnpei during an outbreak in 2000: lessons for pacific countries and territories. | in april 2000, a large outbreak of cholera due to vibrio cholerae serotype ogawa biotype el tor affected the island of pohnpei in the federated states of micronesia. a pacific public health surveillance network team conducted a case control study in the middle of the epidemic. the aims of the study were to identify individual and household level risk factors for cholera, and to evaluate public health interventions aimed at controlling the outbreak. a case was a person admitted to the pohnpei hos ... | 2005 | 18181490 |
| hyposialylation of neprilysin possibly affects its expression and enzymatic activity in hereditary inclusion-body myopathy muscle. | autosomal recessive hereditary inclusion-body myopathy (h-ibm) is caused by mutations of the udp-n-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/n-acetylmannosamine kinase gene, a rate-limiting enzyme in the sialic acid metabolic pathway. previous studies have demonstrated an abnormal sialylation of glycoproteins in h-ibm. h-ibm muscle shows the abnormal accumulation of proteins including amyloid-beta (abeta). neprilysin (nep), a metallopeptidase that cleaves abeta, is characterized by the presence of several n ... | 2008 | 18182043 |
| vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pilus structure analyzed by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. | the bacterial pathogen vibrio cholerae uses toxin-coregulated pili (tcp) to colonize the human intestine, causing the severe diarrheal disease cholera. tcp are long, thin, flexible homopolymers of the tcpa subunit that self-associate to hold cells together in microcolonies and serve as the receptor for the cholera toxin phage. to better understand tcp's roles in pathogenesis, we characterized its structure using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and computational modeling. we show th ... | 2008 | 18184591 |
| zinc supplementation in children with cholera in bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. | to investigate the impact of zinc supplementation in children with cholera. | 2008 | 18184631 |
| presence of quorum-sensing systems associated with multidrug resistance and biofilm formation in bacteroides fragilis. | bacteroides fragilis constitutes 1-2% of the natural microbiota of the human digestive tract and is the predominant anaerobic opportunistic pathogen in gastrointestinal infections. most bacteria use quorum sensing (qs) to monitor cell density in relation to other cells and their environment. in gram-negative bacteria, the luxri system is common. the luxr gene encodes a transcriptional activator inducible by type i acyl-homoserine lactone autoinducers (e.g., n-[3-oxohexanoyl] homoserine lactone a ... | 2008 | 18188535 |
| construction of non-toxic escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae strains expressing high and immunogenic levels of enterotoxigenic e. coli colonization factor i fimbriae. | to express high quantities of colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) derived from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) for use in etec vaccines, the entire cfa/i operon consisting of four genes (cfa-a, -b, -c, -e) was cloned into plasmid expression vectors that could be maintained either with or without antibiotic selection. expression from the powerful tac promoter was under the control of the laciq repressor present on the plasmids. fimbriae were expressed on the surface of both a non-toxige ... | 2008 | 18191006 |
| development of a multiplex single-tube nested pcr (mstnpcr) assay for vibrio cholerae o1 detection. | a multiplex nested pcr method for detection of vibrio cholerae o1 using a single tube was developed (mstnpcr). firstly, single-tube nested pcr (stnpcr) with primers directed to ctxa gene was standardized, and its detection limit was compared to simple pcr and two-step nested pcr. secondly, primers directed to rfbn gene were added to the reaction. the detection limit of the multiplex reaction was determined using v. cholerae o1 dna and v. cholerae o1 grown in alkaline peptone water (apw). stnpcr ... | 2008 | 18191489 |
| antibacterial activities and cytotoxicity of terpenoids isolated from spirostachys africana. | spirostachys africana sond. stem bark is used traditionally for the treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery in limpopo province of south africa. bioassay-guided fractionation of ethanolic extract from bark of spirostachys africana led to the isolation of four known compounds, two triterpenoids, compound 1 [d-friedoolean-14-en-oic acid (3-acetyl aleuritolic acid)] and compound 2 (lupeol), and two diterpenes, compound 3 [ent-2,6alpha-dihydroxy-norbeyer-1,4,15-trien-3-one (diosphenol 2)] and compound ... | 2008 | 18191928 |
| negative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry fragmentation of synthetic analogs of the o-specific polysaccharide of vibrio cholerae o:1 in the presence of anionic dopants. | oligosaccharides (tri- to hexamers) that represent terminal epitopes of o-antigens of vibrio cholerae o:1, serotypes ogawa and inaba, have been studied by negative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi tof/tof ms). the [m - h(+)](-) ions are formed after expulsion of a proton from molecules studied under condition of maldi ms analysis in the negative mode. several ammonium salts (chloride, nitrate, hydrogencarbonate and hydrogensulfate ... | 2007 | 18192728 |
| virulence factor rtx in legionella pneumophila, evidence suggesting it is a modular multifunctional protein. | the repeats in toxin (rtx) are an important pathogenicity factor involved in host cells invasion of legionella pneumophila and other pathogenic bacteria. its role in escaping the host immune system and cytotoxic activity is well known. its repeated motives and modularity make rtx a multifunctional factor in pathogenicity. | 2008 | 18194518 |
| a negative feedback loop involving small rnas accelerates vibrio cholerae's transition out of quorum-sensing mode. | quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication process that allows bacteria to measure their population numbers and to synchronously alter gene expression in response to changes in cell population density. at the core of the vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing signal transduction pathway lie four redundant small rnas (srnas), named the quorum regulatory rnas (qrr1-4). expression of qrr1-4 is cell population density-dependent due to a requirement for the quorum-sensing controlled phosphorylated respon ... | 2008 | 18198339 |
| persistence and degradation of maize-expressed vaccine protein, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b, in soil and water. | transgenic plants represent an innovative platform for the cost-effective large-scale production of various pharmaceutical proteins. the eventual open-field production of plant-made pharmaceuticals (pmps) requires risk assessment to determine the potential for harm to the surrounding ecosystem. in the present study, the environmental persistence of a transgenic maize-expressed antigen, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b (ltb), was studied under laboratory conditions. to semiquant ... | 2008 | 18198938 |
| [the importance of circulating vibriocidal antibodies in a pos-epidemic region of diarrhea, são bento do una, state of pernambuco]. | the levels of vibriocidal antibodies were investigated among 41 adults without any past or present history of diarrhea due to vibrio cholerae o1 who were living in the municipality of são bento do una, pernambuco. a diarrhea outbreak occurred in this locality at the beginning of 2004, involving multiple bacterial agents, including vibrio cholerae. the microtitration test was used to investigate the presence of anti-ogawa and anti-inaba vibriocidal serum antibodies. vibriocidal titers e" 1:640 we ... | 2007 | 18200426 |
| vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 strains isolated before 1992 from varanasi, india are multiple drug resistant, contain intsxt, dfr18 and aada5 genes. | in this study, we report the presence of the sxt element and class i integron in vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 strains isolated from varanasi, india. isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole, trimethoprim and/or streptomycin, furazolidone and ampicillin. none contained plasmids. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dna sequencing revealed the presence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes, aada1, aada2, aada5 and dfra15, in the class i integron and sxt, an integrative conjugative element con ... | 2008 | 18201198 |
| contribution of type iv pili to the virulence of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida in atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen of atlantic salmon, has no visible pili, yet its genome contains genes for three type iv pilus systems. one system, tap, is similar to the pseudomonas aeruginosa pil system, and a second, flp, resembles the actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans flp pilus, while the third has homology to the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin pilus of vibrio cholerae. the latter system is likely nonfunctional since eight genes, including the gene encoding ... | 2008 | 18212071 |
| growing problem of multidrug-resistant enteric pathogens in africa. | control of fecal-orally transmitted pathogens is inadequate in many developing countries, in particular, in sub-saharan africa. acquired resistance to antimicrobial drugs is becoming more prevalent among vibrio cholerae, salmonella enteritidis, diarrheagenic escherichia coli, and other pathogens in this region. the poor, who experience most of the infections caused by these organisms, bear the brunt of extended illness and exacerbated proportion of deaths brought about by resistance. improved an ... | 2007 | 18217545 |
| el tor and calcutta ctxphi precursors coexisting with intact ctxphi copies in vibrio cholerae o139 isolates. | restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses of the array of ctxphi prophages in strains crc262 and crc266 of vibrio cholerae o139 revealed the presence of copies of complete ctxphi and pre-ctxphi prophages coexisting at a single chromosomal locus in each strain. restriction pattern and comparative nucleotide sequence analysis revealed pre-ctxphi precursors of both the el tor and calcutta lineages. thus, we hypothesize that two precursor variants independently acquired cholera toxin genes a ... | 2008 | 18222649 |
| red bayberry extract inhibits growth and virulence gene expression of the human pathogen vibrio cholerae. | 2008 | 18222950 | |
| quorum sensing controls biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae through modulation of cyclic di-gmp levels and repression of vpst. | two chemical signaling systems, quorum sensing (qs) and 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-gmp), reciprocally control biofilm formation in vibrio cholerae. qs is the process by which bacteria communicate via the secretion and detection of autoinducers, and in v. cholerae, qs represses biofilm formation. c-di-gmp is an intracellular second messenger that contains information regarding local environmental conditions, and in v. cholerae, c-di-gmp activates biofilm formation. here we show that hapr, ... | 2008 | 18223081 |
| [the development of peroxosolvate-based composites and the evaluation of their effectiveness against extremely dangerous infective pathogens]. | the article contains the results of the test of pfk-m composition bactericidal activity against a range of extremely dangerous infective pathogens. the preparation proved to be highly effective for the disinfection of surfaces, sanitary and technical equipment, linen, dishes, and medical utensils contaminated by plague, cholera, and anthrax pathogens. the study found that the antimicrobial activity of the preparation increased after heating and lowered when the object to be disinfected was conta ... | 2007 | 18225504 |
| [horizontal transfer of bacterial genes and its significance for antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity]. | * sexual reproduction does not occur in bacteria. the point of departure in bacterial reproduction is always that one individual divides itself into two identical descendants. * in the bacterial world, however, there is certainly exchange of hereditary characteristics (dna). this type of exchange is called horizontal gene transfer. * there are 3 basic ways for the exchange of dna between bacteria: conjugation, transduction and natural transformation. each of these has its specific impact on the ... | 2007 | 18225789 |
| role of cyclic di-gmp during el tor biotype vibrio cholerae infection: characterization of the in vivo-induced cyclic di-gmp phosphodiesterase cdpa. | in vibrio cholerae, the second messenger cyclic di-gmp (c-di-gmp) positively regulates biofilm formation and negatively regulates virulence and is proposed to play an important role in the transition from persistence in the environment to survival in the host. herein we describe a characterization of the infection-induced gene cdpa, which encodes both ggdef and eal domains, which are known to mediate diguanylate cyclase and c-di-gmp phosphodiesterase (pde) activities, respectively. cdpa is shown ... | 2008 | 18227161 |
| changing patterns of vibrio cholerae in sevagram between 1990 and 2005. | a retrospective analysis was done to note changes in prevalence, distribution of biotypes, serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and phage types of vibrio cholerae isolated in mahatma gandhi institute of medical sciences, sevagram over a period of 16 years. | 2008 | 18227596 |
| application of dna-based methods in typing vibrio cholerae strains. | molecular biology-based techniques based on microbial genotype or dna sequence have emerged as a basic tool in biological research and in the establishment of large databases of characterized organisms. genotyping methods have the potential to provide information on subtypes of the organism and their source and/or origin of infection, and to recognize particularly virulent strains of the organism and monitor vaccination programs. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, ribotyping, ctx typing, amplifie ... | 2008 | 18230037 |
| the evolution of quorum sensing in bacterial biofilms. | bacteria have fascinating and diverse social lives. they display coordinated group behaviors regulated by quorum-sensing systems that detect the density of other bacteria around them. a key example of such group behavior is biofilm formation, in which communities of cells attach to a surface and envelope themselves in secreted polymers. curiously, after reaching high cell density, some bacterial species activate polymer secretion, whereas others terminate polymer secretion. here, we investigate ... | 2008 | 18232735 |
| structure of the minor pseudopilin epsh from the type 2 secretion system of vibrio cholerae. | many gram-negative bacteria use the multi-protein type ii secretion system (t2ss) to selectively translocate virulence factors from the periplasmic space into the extracellular environment. in vibrio cholerae the t2ss is called the extracellular protein secretion (eps) system,which translocates cholera toxin and several enzymes in their folded state across the outer membrane. five proteins of the t2ss, the pseudopilins, are thought to assemble into a pseudopilus, which may control the outer memb ... | 2008 | 18241884 |
| vibrios in association with sedimentary crustaceans in three beaches of the northern adriatic sea (italy). | in the marine environment, vibrios adhere to a number of substrates including chitin-rich organisms such as crustaceans. their wide diffusion in coastal waters and pathogenic potential require knowledge of the lifestyle and environmental reservoirs of these bacteria. to test the presence of culturable vibrios in coastal areas and their association with benthic crustaceans, vibrios were isolated from water, sediments and crustaceans (copepods and anphipods) at three stations placed in front of he ... | 2008 | 18243247 |
| rapid growth of planktonic vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 strains in a large alkaline lake in austria: dependence on temperature and dissolved organic carbon quality. | vibrio cholerae non-o1/non-o139 strains have caused several cases of ear, wound, and blood infections, including one lethal case of septicemia in austria, during recent years. all of these cases had a history of local recreational activities in the large eastern austrian lake neusiedler see. thus, a monitoring program was started to investigate the prevalence of v. cholerae strains in the lake over several years. genetic analyses of isolated strains revealed the presence of a variety of pathogen ... | 2008 | 18245230 |
| gdp-perosamine synthase: structural analysis and production of a novel trideoxysugar. | perosamine or 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy- d-mannose is an unusual sugar found in the o-antigens of some gram-negative bacteria such as vibrio cholerae o1 (the causative agent of cholera) or escherichia coli o157:h7 (the leading cause of food-borne illnesses). it and similar deoxysugars are added to the o-antigens of bacteria via the action of glycosyltransferases that employ nucleotide-linked sugars as their substrates. the focus of this report is gdp-perosamine synthase, a plp-dependent enzyme that ca ... | 2008 | 18247575 |
| vibrio vulnificus rtxe is important for virulence, and its expression is induced by exposure to host cells. | numerous secreted virulence factors have been proposed to account for the fulminating and destructive nature of vibrio vulnificus infections. a mutant of v. vulnificus that exhibited less cytotoxicity to int-407 human intestinal epithelial cells was screened from a library of mutants constructed by random transposon mutagenesis. a transposon-tagging method was used to identify and clone an open reading frame encoding an rtx toxin secretion atp binding protein, rtxe, from v. vulnificus. the deduc ... | 2008 | 18250174 |
| the rise and rise of enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | first described in 1885, escherichia coli gradually achieved recognition as a cause of diarrhoea. strains of e. coli which belonged to a limited number of o-serogroups and had been associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea in hospitalised children were designated 'enteropathogenic' e. coli (epec) to distinguish them from e. coli strains that cause other types of infection. the discovery that some strains of e. coli can produce toxins or invade epithelial cells in a similar fashion to established pa ... | 2007 | 18250933 |
| [study on the application of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis regarding infection sources identification during an outbreak of vibrio cholerae in jiangxi province]. | to study the correlation between vibrio cholerae strains isolated from natural enviroment and fishery products and the source of infection during v. cholerae outbreaks. | 2007 | 18251274 |