Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| feline calicivirus as a model system for heat inactivation studies of small round structured viruses in shellfish. | commercial heat treatment procedures for molluscan shellfish are based on data obtained for the inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cockles. however, the most frequently reported illness associated with consumption of bivalve molluscs is gastroenteritis caused by small round structured viruses (srsvs) of the norwalk group. conditions for inactivation of srsvs are unknown. in this study a feline calicivirus was used as a model for the srsv group and conditions for its heat inactivation det ... | 1998 | 9825793 |
| hepatitis a antibody prevalence among young adults in israel--the decline continues. | this study sought to determine whether the decline in prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies detected in israel in 1977, 1984, and 1987 has continued. the anti-hav antibody prevalence of a systematic sample of 578 male and female recruits inducted into the israel defence force in 1996 was 38.4%. the reduction in antibody prevalence from 1977 (64%) was highly significant (p < 0.001). there was a smaller decrease rate in recruits of european, north american, australian and south african ... | 1998 | 9825802 |
| immune globulin and vaccine therapy to prevent hepatitis a infection. | the hepatitis a virus is usually transmitted person-to-person due to fecal-oral exchange of virus. approximately 30,000 infections are reported each year in the united states, with the actual incidence being much greater. prophylaxis with immune globulin has had a minimal impact on the overall incidence of hepatitis a. the recent availability and proven efficacy of a hepatitis a vaccine offers the hope that the incidence of infection may be substantially reduced. pre- and postexposure prophylaxi ... | 1998 | 9831426 |
| ["hepatitis" a virus g: myth or reality? vhg/gbh-c: diagnosis, epidemiology, transfusion risk, and pathogenicity]. | the recently discovered g virus (also called either gbv-c or hgv) is transmitted by blood transfusion as well as by sexual intercourse. the global prevalence of gbv-c is high, not only in those groups classically known to be exposed to parenteral risks (i.v. drug users, polytransfused patients), but also in the blood donors population. the diagnosis of active infection lies on the search of gbv-c rna by polymerase chain reaction whereas that of resolved (past) infection lies on the presence of s ... | 1998 | 9834674 |
| the elimination of hepatitis b virus infection: changing seroepidemiology of hepatitis a and b virus infection in okinawa, japan over a 26-year period. | serial changes in hepatitis a virus (hav) and b virus (hbv) markers were determined from 1970 to 1996 in healthy japanese residents of a rural area of okinawa, japan. all 190 serum samples taken in 1970, 791 in 1980, 708 in 1988, and 523 in 1996 from residents 0 to more than 60 years of age were tested for antibody to hav (anti-hav), antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc), and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). the age-adjusted prevalences of anti-hav and anti-hbc decreased significan ... | 1998 | 9840583 |
| molecular confirmation of hepatitis a virus from well water: epidemiology and public health implications. | an outbreak of hepatitis a in a rural river-island community was found to be associated with consumption of contaminated well water. specimens from case-patients, the implicated well, and a cesspool suspected to be the source of contamination were all positive for hepatitis a virus (hav) rna by immunocapture reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. all isolates were identical over about 400 bases from two capsid-encoding regions of the genome, identifying the chain of transmission. other ... | 1999 | 9841820 |
| validation of the heat treatment step used in the production of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (dclhb) for viral inactivation. | a series of experiments was performed to assess the ability of the heat treatment step used in the manufacture of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (dclhb) to inactivate viruses. in-process solutions (reaction mixtures after the crosslinking process) from six different manufacturing lots were used as test media in a 1:680 scaled down system in which the key process parameters used in the large scale production were duplicated. the inactivation of five different viruses (bovine viral diarrhea viru ... | 1998 | 9844723 |
| risk of hepatitis a infection in sewage workers. | to evaluate the risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection among sewage workers from occupational exposure to raw sewage. | 1998 | 9849545 |
| survival of patient with late onset hepatic failure by living-related liver transplantation from maternal donor with incompatible blood type. | a 14-year-old girl with blood type b with late onset hepatic failure (lohf) of unknown cause has survived through living-related liver transplantation (lrlt). no hepatitis virus, including hav, hbv, hcv, and hgv, was positive at the onset of lohf. autoimmune hepatitis was thought to be the cause because of positive results for serum anti-nuclear antibody at 80 times dilution and elevated gamma-globulin, but treatment with glucocorticoid did not suppress the progressive hepatic failure. supportiv ... | 1998 | 9853569 |
| [clinical development of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine]. | an attenuated vaccine against hepatitis a was developed from the gbm strain of the virus, cultured on human diploid mrc5 cells. each dose contained 160 antigen units, inactivated by formalin and adsorbed onto 0.3 mg aluminum hydroxide, in a volume of 0.5 ml. intramuscular injection of the vaccine conferred immunity to hepatitis a, with antibody titers greater than those obtained by passive immunization with immunoglobulin. in clinical studies, immunocompromised subjects became immune shortly aft ... | 1998 | 9854014 |
| viral superinfection in previously unrecognized chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus with superimposed acute fulminant versus nonfulminant hepatitis. | the role of viral superinfection in hepatitis b surface antigen carriers with superimposed fulminant (n = 60) versus nonfulminant (n = 90) acute hepatitis was studied. the frequency of hepatitis a virus (hav) (0 versus 2.2%), hcv (18.3 versus 21.1%), hdv (15.0 versus 7.8%), and hev (1.7 versus 4.4%) infection showed no significant difference, while simultaneous hcv and hdv infection was significantly more prevalent in the former (8.3 versus 0%). only 3. 6% of fulminant cases and 3.3% of nonfulmi ... | 1999 | 9854101 |
| folding of pyrimidine-enriched rna fragments from the vicinity of the internal ribosomal entry site of hepatitis a virus. | two rna fragments from the region just upstream of the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis a virus (hav) were studied, a 35mer (hav-35), 5'u4c3u3c3u4c3u3c2uau2c3u33(4), and a 23mer (hav-23), 5(4)u4c3u3c3u4c3u33(4). secondary structural predictions and nuclease digestion patterns obtained with genomic rnas suggested that they link two stable watson-crick (wc) hairpins in the genomic rna and do not form conventional wc secondary structure, but do fold to form a condensed, stacked 'domain'. t ... | 1999 | 9862995 |
| [a study on familial aggregation of hepatitis virus infection in fujian province]. | in nine disease surveillance points of fujian province, positive serum antibody against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav), hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody against hepatitis cvirus (anti-hcv) and antibody against hepatitis e virus (anti-hev) in people of 1,237 families were determined and their distribution was analyzed to study familial aggregation of hepatitis virus infection by fitting to binomial distribution. results showed that chi 2 of goodness-of-fit to binomial distribution was ... | 1997 | 9863073 |
| fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis a virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | 1998 | 9864655 | |
| hepatitis a in urban ireland. | to determine the prevalence of immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in urban ireland and to categorize the region into low, intermediate or high hav endemicity, and to analyse the significance of certain commonly associated risk factors. | 1998 | 9868861 |
| quantification of hepatitis a virus in shellfish by competitive reverse transcription-pcr with coextraction of standard rna. | to quantify hepatitis a virus (hav) in experimentally contaminated mussels, we developed an internal standard rna with a 7-nucleotide deletion for competitive reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. deposited directly into the sample, this standard was used both as extraction control and as quantification tool. after coextraction and competitive rt-pcr, standard and wild-type products were detected by differential hybridization with specific probes and a dna enzyme immunoassay. the quantifiable range wi ... | 1999 | 9872801 |
| membrane permeability induced by hepatitis a virus proteins 2b and 2bc and proteolytic processing of hav 2bc. | the ability to rearrange membranes is a unique feature of nonstructural proteins 2b, 2c, and 2bc of some picornaviruses. to analyze in detail membrane binding of the respective proteins of hepatitis a virus (hav), they were transiently expressed in the vaccinia/t7 system, and their effect on membrane permeability was studied using beta-galactosidase as reporter. although 2c had no effect, the significantly increased reporter activity observed in the extracellular space of 2b- and 2bc-expressing ... | 1998 | 9875331 |
| the distribution of hbv, hcv and hgv among livers with fulminant hepatic failure of different aetiology. | the aim of the study was to assess the impact factor of hcv and hgv in fulminant hepatic failure. | 1998 | 9875631 |
| comparison of two immunization schedules with an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (avaximtm). | inactivated hepatitis a vaccines are licensed with a vaccination schedule based on two injections of vaccine given at least 6 months apart. | 1998 | 9876189 |
| yellow fever 5' noncoding region as a potential element to improve hepatitis c virus production through modification of translational control. | the lengthy 5' noncoding region (5' ncr) of hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna forms a highly ordered secondary structure, very conserved among different strains. it includes an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element, responsible for the cap-independent translation initiation of hcv rna. similarly to the ires of hepatitis a virus (hav), another human hepatitis virus, hcv ires, activity in internal initiation of translation is weak. furthermore, both viruses exhibit a poor growth phenotype that may ... | 1998 | 9878525 |
| [vaccination against hepatitis a]. | 1998 | 9885656 | |
| hepatitis a virus: declining seroprevalence in children and adolescents in southeast asia. | the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) in a country largely reflects its standards of hygiene and socioeconomic conditions. countries which undergo socioeconomic development show major change in hav prevalence from high to low endemicity, and this is largely reflected in patterns of age-related seroprevalence. this paper presents age-related hav seroprevalence patterns of se asian countries, and highlights how these patterns have changed over recent decades. singapore, thailand and malaysia h ... | 1998 | 9886108 |
| a new cluster of hepatitis a infection in hemophiliacs traced to a contaminated plasma pool. | recently, several clusters of hepatitis a have been observed among hemophiliacs linked to factor viii concentrates treated for virus inactivation solely with the solvent/detergent (s/d) method, a procedure that does not affect nonenveloped viruses such as the hepatitis a virus (hav). a new outbreak of hepatitis a in six hemophiliacs treated with the same lot of a factor viii preparation occurred recently in germany. the objective of the study was to clarify whether these diseases were caused by ... | 1999 | 9892390 |
| an economic analysis of different strategies of immunization against hepatitis a virus in developed countries. | acute hepatitis a is a major public health problem in developed countries, and because a large proportion of patients with acute hepatitis a do not have any identifiable risk factors, current practice of targeting the high-risk groups for vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is unlikely to have a significant impact on the overall incidence of acute hepatitis a. no economic analysis of strategies of mass immunization against hav is available. three different strategies of immunization agai ... | 1999 | 9918934 |
| a strategy for detection of viruses in groundwater by pcr. | we evaluated the use of the pcr for detection of enteric viruses in groundwater. to do this, we used an improved sample-processing technique and a large-volume amplification protocol. the objective of this study was to use advanced molecular techniques to develop a rapid and simple method which can be used by the water industry for detection of viral contamination in a variety of water samples. the strategy described here fulfills the water industry's need for a rapid, reliable, easily performed ... | 1999 | 9925566 |
| interaction of vp3(110-121) peptide with hepatocyte and erythrocyte membrane models. | the use of synthetic peptides in the goal of developing a new, inexpensive vaccine against hepatitis a virus is one of the encouraging approaches followed by many laboratories. these peptides have to be well characterized, being their physicochemical properties one of the most relevant points to control. in that sense, one can consider the study of the peptide interaction with lipid monolayers by means of the wilhelmy plate method, to gain insight into the possible mechanism of action at the mem ... | 1999 | 9929444 |
| inhibitors in german hemophilia a patients treated with a double virus inactivated factor viii concentrate bind to the c2 domain of fviii light chain. | to reduce the risk of transmission of hepatitis a virus, an octapharma produced factor viii (fviii) concentrate treated with solvent detergent (fviii-sd) was further pasteurized after purification. this product, octavi sdplus (fviii-sdp), was marketed in europe in 1993 to 1995. inhibitors appeared from september to october, 1995, in 12 of 109 previously treated german hemophilia a patients. a study of similarly treated belgian patients, who also developed inhibitors, had shown antibodies to the ... | 1999 | 9974372 |
| hepatitis a virus translation is rate-limiting for virus replication in mrc-5 cells. | translation of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna is controlled by an internal ribosome entry site (ires) located within the 5' untranslated region (utr). in some cell types, the characteristically slow growth of hav may be due to inefficient viral translation. we investigated whether this is true in mrc-5 cells, which are used for vaccine production. we measured the impact of two clusters of mutations in the 5' utr on virus translation and replication: the ag group was selected during passage in afric ... | 1999 | 9986793 |
| long-term follow-up of hepatitis a vaccination in children. | we conducted this follow-up study to evaluate the long-term immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in children. ninety-six children who had seroconversion to antibody to hav (anti-hav) after receiving a three-dose schedule of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine were enrolled into this study. sixty months after the initial vaccination, all vaccinees who received annual follow-up still had protective levels of anti-hav. the geometric mean titer (gmt) of anti-hav, peaking at month 7 (4133 ... | 1999 | 9987176 |
| intrinsic signals for the assembly of hepatitis a virus particles. role of structural proteins vp4 and 2a. | capsid assembly is the final event of virus replication, and its understanding is pivotal for the design of empty capsid-based recombinant vaccines and drug delivery systems. although the capsid structure of several members of the picornavirus family has been elucidated, little is known about the structural elements governing the assembly process that is tightly associated with proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein. among the picornaviruses, hepatitis a virus (hav) is unique in that it ... | 1999 | 9988685 |
| comparison of seven rna extraction methods on stool and shellfish samples prior to hepatitis a virus amplification. | when choosing an extraction method, two parameters have to be considered: recovery of the viral material and elimination or inactivation of inhibitory substances. seven techniques for extracting hepatitis a virus (hav) from stool and shellfish samples were compared, in order to identify the protocol most suited to both types of sample and with the best extraction yield. the protocols tested were either techniques for the recovery and purification of total rna, such as rnazol, peg-cetab, gtc-sili ... | 1999 | 10029321 |
| a multistate, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis a. national hepatitis a investigation team. | we investigated a large, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis a that occurred in february and march 1997 in michigan and then extended the investigation to determine whether it was related to sporadic cases reported in other states among persons who had consumed frozen strawberries, the food suspected of causing the outbreak. | 1999 | 10029643 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a in school children]. | as sanitary conditions of a population improve, hepatitis a virus infection occurs at higher ages, thus decreasing the prevalence of antibodies against the virus. in the eighties, the prevalence of antibodies among children was 97% and depended on the socioeconomic level. | 1998 | 10030086 |
| a combined vaccine against hepatitis a and b in children and adolescents. | pediatric monocomponent formulations of vaccines against hepatitis a and b have been proved to be safe and immunogenic in children. | 1999 | 10048681 |
| prevalence of enteric hepatitis a and e viruses in the mekong river delta region of vietnam. | a study of antibody prevalence for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis e virus (hev) was carried out in southwestern vietnam in an area adjacent to a known focus of epidemic hev transmission. the purpose of this investigation was first to provide a prevalence measure of hepatitis infections, and second to determine the outbreak potential of hev as a function of the susceptible population. blood specimens collected from 646 persons in randomly selected village hamlets were examined by an elisa ... | 1999 | 10072151 |
| hepatitis a vaccine in healthy adults: a comparison of immunogenicity and reactogenicity between two- and three-dose regimens. | inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine was administered to 55 healthy seronegative adult volunteers to evaluate the immunogenicity and adverse reactions of two doses of hav vaccination (25 units) in comparison with a three-dose regimen. the volunteers were randomly assigned to receive one of the two regimens: 26 were vaccinated with two doses at 0 and 24 weeks (group 1), and 29 were vaccinated with three doses at 0, 2, and 24 weeks (group 2). the vaccine was well tolerated and there was no ... | 1999 | 10078604 |
| identification of a novel variant of hepatitis e virus in italy. | hepatitis e infection is typically associated with areas in which hepatitis e virus (hev) is endemic. except for a few cases in europe and in the united states, acute hepatitis e is usually associated with travel to endemic areas. we set out to determine the etiologic role of hev in acute non-a-c hepatitis in italy. the presence of hev-rna and antibody was determined in 218 patients diagnosed with acute viral non-a-c hepatitis. acute hepatitis e infection was defined by the presence of hev-rna i ... | 1999 | 10089046 |
| avian encephalomyelitis virus is a picornavirus and is most closely related to hepatitis a virus. | the complete rna genome of avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) has been molecularly cloned and sequenced. this revealed aev to be a member of the picornaviridae and consequently it is the first avian picornavirus for which the genome has been sequenced. excluding the poly(a) tail the genome comprises 7032 nucleotides, which is shorter than that of any mammalian picornavirus sequenced to date. an open reading frame commencing at nucleotide 495 and terminating at position 6896 (6402 nucleotides) p ... | 1999 | 10092005 |
| recovery and detection of enterovirus, hepatitis a virus and norwalk virus in hardshell clams (mercenaria mercenaria) by rt-pcr methods. | a method for recovery of enteric viruses from hardshell clams (mercenaria mercenaria) has been developed and evaluated. seeded 50-g samples of clam tissue homogenates were processed by adsorption elution precipitation, two fluorocarbon extractions and peg precipitation. clam concentrates were assayed by infectivity and by rt-pcr after guanidinium isothiocyanate (git) extraction and/or an indirect immunomagnetic capture (ic) of the virus using paramagnetic beads. git extraction removed pcr inhibi ... | 1999 | 10092141 |
| kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: a sexually transmissible infection? | we examined sexual behavior as a risk factor for kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) infection and examined the relation between kshv seropositivity and development of ks in cross-sectional and cohort studies of 130 homosexual men diagnosed with aids in sydney, australia during the period from 1991 to 1993. kshv serology was measured using antibody tests to latency-associated nuclear antigen (lana) and lytically expressed open reading frame (orf) 65.2. in the cross-sectional analysis, ... | 1999 | 10096584 |
| seroepidemiologic studies of hepatitis c virus infection in a population of okayama prefecture screened for liver disease. | to better understand the spread of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, we studied the association of hcv infection with similarly transmissible hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection and with hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, which is supposed to be related to a nosocomial transmission of hcv. this was done by studying the presence or absence of antibodies to these viruses, as well as hepatitis b surface antigen, in a population of 1,398 inhabitants with abnormal liver function tests or history of li ... | 1999 | 10096736 |
| knowledge-based interpretation of serologic tests for hepatitis on the world wide web. | hepaxpert is a knowledge-based system that interprets the results of routine serologic tests for infection with hepatitis a and b viruses. the following tests are included: hepatitis a virus antibodies, igm antibodies to the hepatitis a virus, hepatitis a virus in stool, hepatitis b surface antigen and antibodies, antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen, and hepatitis b envelope antigen and antibodies. hepaxpert/www, an implementation of hepaxpert-iii for the world wide web, can be reached by url ... | 1997 | 10167212 |
| cost effectiveness of hepatitis a virus immunisation in spain. | the aim of this study was to evaluate, in economic terms, the recently launched hepatitis a vaccine in comparison with the use of nonspecific immune globulin, for the prevention of hepatitis a. a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed, comparing mass and selective strategies for both active and passive immunisation in children, adolescents and the high-risk adult population. direct costs of diagnosis, treatment and immunisation, and travelling expenses of the individuals, were considered. the ... | 1997 | 10170461 |
| cost of an outbreak of hepatitis a in puglia, italy. | in total, 5889 cases of hepatitis a virus infection were reported during an outbreak in puglia, a region of southern italy, in 1996. the primary cause of the outbreak was consumption of contaminated food (raw shellfish, vegetables, etc.), with a contributory risk factor of person-to-person transmission. a detailed questionnaire was completed by 250 randomly selected patients to obtain information sufficient to calculate the direct and indirect costs of the outbreak for the individual patient, th ... | 1998 | 10178651 |
| early acquisition of tt virus (ttv) in an area endemic for ttv infection. | tt virus (ttv) is widely distributed, with high frequencies of viremia in south america, central africa, and papua new guinea. the incidence and timing of infection in children born in a rural area of the democratic republic of congo was investigated. ttv viremia was detected in 61 (58%) of 105 women attending an antenatal clinic and in 36 (54%) of 68 infants. most infants acquired the infection at >/=3 months postpartum. surprisingly, ttv infection was detected in a large proportion of children ... | 1999 | 10191206 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a markers in subjects exposed to biological risk. | the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies was investigated in a population of 1051 subjects, of whom 376 were controls and 675 were exposed to different degrees of biological risk. | 1999 | 10197485 |
| an outbreak of hepatitis a associated with an infected foodhandler. | the recommended criteria for public notification of a hepatitis a virus (hav)-infected foodhandler include assessment of the foodhandler's hygiene and symptoms. in october 1994, a kentucky health department received a report of a catering company foodhandler with hepatitis a. patrons were not offered immune globulin because the foodhandler's hygiene was assessed to be good and he denied having diarrhea. during early november, 29 cases of hepatitis a were reported among people who had attended an ... | 1999 | 10199718 |
| high prevalence of gb virus c in brazil and molecular evidence for intrafamilial transmission. | the prevalence of gb virus c (gbv-c) in candidate brazilian blood donors with normal and elevated alanine aminotransferase levels was found to be 5.2% (5 of 95) and 6.5% (5 of 76), respectively. among brazilian patients, gbv-c was found in 9.5% (13 of 137) of cases of hepatitis not caused by hepatitis a virus (hav), hbv, hcv, hdv, or hev (non-a-e hepatitis) and in 18.2% (8 of 44) of individuals infected with hcv. molecular characterization of gbv-c by partial sequencing of the ns3 region showed ... | 1999 | 10203545 |
| fetal meconium peritonitis after maternal hepatitis a. | hepatitis a virus has rarely been implicated in congenital infections. after maternal hepatitis a at 13 weeks' gestation, ultrasonographic examinations revealed fetal ascites (20 weeks) and meconium peritonitis (33 weeks). after delivery, a perforated distal ileum was resected. elevated levels of hepatitis a immunoglobulin g persisted in the infant 6 months after delivery. | 1999 | 10203675 |
| hepatitis viruses a, b, c, d, e and g: implications for dental personnel. | this article provides dental personnel with a brief overview of the different types of viral hepatitis, including their epidemiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment. it also explores the ramifications of these diseases for the practice of dentistry. description of the condition: viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by one of at least six distinct viruses. the hepatitis a and e viruses, or hav and hev, are enterically transmitted viruses that produce acute disease o ... | 1999 | 10203901 |
| inactivation kinetics of model and relevant blood-borne viruses by treatment with sodium hydroxide and heat. | to determine the efficacy of a clean-in-place system for the inactivation of viruses present in human plasma, the effect of 0.1 m sodium hydroxide at 60 degrees c on viral infectivity was investigated. inactivation of the following model and relevant viruses were followed as a function of time: human hepatitis a virus (hav), canine parvovirus (cpv; a model for human parvovirus b-19) pseudorabies virus (prv, a model for hepatitis b virus), and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv, a model for hepat ... | 1998 | 10208725 |
| efficacy of hepatitis a vaccine in prevention of secondary hepatitis a infection: a randomised trial. | hepatitis a vaccination stops outbreaks of hepatitis a infection, but its efficacy against infection after exposure has not been proven. we investigated the use of hepatitis a vaccine to prevent secondary infections with hepatitis a virus (hav). | 1999 | 10209977 |
| decline of hepatitis a antibodies during the first 7 months of life in full-term and preterm infants. | in a previous study we have shown that transplacental transfer of hepatitis a antibodies to preterm infants does not differ from that observed in full-term infants. this follow-up study was designed to investigate the decline of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies during the first 7 months of life in full-term and preterm infants, in an endemic region for hepatitis a. two hundred and fifty newborn infants--147 full-term and 103 preterm infants--were enrolled. blood samples from the infants were t ... | 1999 | 10219645 |
| detection of hepatitis c and e virus genomes in sera of patients with acute viral hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis by their simultaneous amplification in pcr. | a study was undertaken to investigate the role of hepatitis c virus (hcv) and hepatitis e virus (hev), either alone or together, in the causation of sporadic acute viral hepatitis (avh) and fulminant hepatitis (fh) by simultaneous detection of their genomes in serum samples using the reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). a total of 50 patients were enrolled in the study of which 34 had avh and 16 had sporadic fh. the serum samples were first tested for hepatitis b ... | 1998 | 10221812 |
| seroprevalence and anti-hev persistence in the general population of the republic of san marino. | the prevalence of anti-hev was assessed in 2,233 subjects aged 20-79 years in the republic of san marino in the years 1990-1991. the sera were tested by elisa and further confirmed by western blot (wb) analysis. the overall anti-hev prevalence was 1.5%. a significant trend by age was observed. anti-hev prevalence was 0.6% in subjects <30 years and 3.3% in those older than 70 years of age. family size larger than four persons (or = 3.8; 95% ci = 1.8-13.2) was the sole independent predictor of ant ... | 1999 | 10223545 |
| nephrotic syndrome associated with hepatitis a virus infection. | 1999 | 10223701 | |
| conformational changes in the hepatitis a virus capsid in response to acidic conditions. | low ph values encountered during uptake of viruses by receptor-mediated endocytosis have been shown to expose hydrophobic residues of many viruses and result in viral conformational changes leading to uncoating of the viral genome. an assay for hydrophobicity utilising the non-ionic detergent triton x-114 was established, making use of metabolically-labelled hepatitis a virus (hav). in this assay, hydrophilic proteins interact with the aqueous (buffer) phase, while hydrophobic proteins interact ... | 1999 | 10229541 |
| [changes in seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in catalonia in the period 1989-1996. implications for new vaccination strategy]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the risk factors of hepatitis a virus infection (hav) in a representative sample of a catalonian population obtained from 1995 to 1996 and the changes in the prevalence of this infection over the period of 1989-1996. | 1999 | 10231772 |
| optimal screening policies for hepatitis a. | this paper presents a simple method of determining optimal screening policies for detecting immunity to hepatitis a virus in travellers to areas of high endemicity. the method is constrained by the requirement that screening policies be kept simple in order to ensure their wide implementation. | 1989 | 10313031 |
| [studies on immunization strategy against hepatitis a in a highly prevalent area]. | to explore a strategy for immunization against hepatitis a (ha) in highly prevalent areas. | 1998 | 10322776 |
| [studies on re-immunization with live attenuated hepatitis a vaccine]. | the possibility of re-immunization with a booster dose of live attenuated hepatitis a (ha) vaccine was studied. | 1998 | 10322791 |
| examination of potential inhibitors of hepatitis a virus uncoating. | hepatitis a virus (hav) replication in bs-c-1 cells was studied in the presence of ten potential uncoating inhibitors. strong inhibition of hav replication was only observed in the presence of the phenothiazine compound chlorpromazine and the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine, but not by other lysosomotropic agents. chlorpromazine and chloroquine were found to prevent virus uncoating. chlorpromazine is known to inhibit endocytosis of non- clathrin-coated vesicles. chloroquine is a weak base amine ... | 1998 | 10325536 |
| should hepatitis c antibody-positive inmates be vaccinated against hepatitis a virus? | 1999 | 10327979 | |
| sensitivity of pcr assays for the determination of hepatitis a virus rna in plasma pools. a collaborative study. | a collaborative study was organised to establish a hepatitis a virus (hav) rna standard for genomic amplification assays (gat). | 1999 | 10341331 |
| solvent/detergent fresh frozen plasma as primary treatment of acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. | three patients with acute thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) (one associated with e. coli infection) received as primary treatment pooled fresh frozen plasma (ffp) virus inactivated by the solvent/detergent (sd) method, plus prednisolone. all three patients attained platelet counts of > 50 x 10(9)/l by days 7, 3 and 10, respectively. serum creatinine became corrected in parallel. neurological features were slow to resolve in one patient, and developed de novo during plasma infusion in ano ... | 1999 | 10342071 |
| genomic classification and genetic relationships of a new variant of hepatitis a virus isolated in cuba. | 1999 | 10348982 | |
| synthesis and testing of azaglutamine derivatives as inhibitors of hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase. | hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase is a picornaviral cysteine proteinase that is essential for cleavage of the initially synthesized viral polyprotein precursor to mature fragments and is therefore required for viral replication in vivo. since the enzyme generally recognizes peptide substrates with l-glutamine at the p1 site, four types of analogues having an azaglutamine residue were chemically synthesized: hydrazo-o-nitrophenylsulfenamides a (e.g. 16); frame-shifted hydrazo-o-nitrophenylsul ... | 1999 | 10353640 |
| hepatitis a vaccination in chronic carriers of hepatitis b virus. | because hepatitis a infection may be more severe in patients with chronic liver disease, we vaccinated 33 children who were chronic hbsag carriers against hepatitis a virus. anti-hepatitis a virus seroconversion rates after the first, second, and third doses were 90.9%, 96.9%, and 100%, respectively. | 1999 | 10356153 |
| hepatitis a virus capsid protein vp1 has a heterogeneous c terminus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) encodes a single polyprotein which is posttranslationally processed into the functional structural and nonstructural proteins. only one protease, viral protease 3c, has been implicated in the nine protein scissions. processing of the capsid protein precursor region generates a unique intermediate, px (vp1-2a), which accumulates in infected cells and is assumed to serve as precursor to vp1 found in virions, although the details of this reaction have not been determined. co ... | 1999 | 10364353 |
| comparative immunogenicity and tolerance of vaqta and havrix. | in an open-label, randomised trial, 520 adults of both sexes aged 18-30 years were allocated to receive one of two inactivated hepatitis a vaccines; vaqta or havrix, at 0 and 24 weeks. doses used were 50 or 100 antigen units (u) of vaqta and 1440 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay u of havrix given as 1 ml intramuscular injections. for each trial group safety data were available for all subjects and full serological data for more than 80% of randomised volunteers. local side effects which were mi ... | 1999 | 10367952 |
| [viral hepatitis: vaccination for hepatitis a and b virus]. | 1999 | 10370475 | |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in shellfish by nested reverse transcription-pcr. | a method for the detection of hav in shellfish, based on the use of guanidinium isothiocyanate-containing solution for rna extraction and purification steps, followed by nested pcr, is hereby proposed. tests were carried out on mollusc samples spiked with hav strain fg. results showed that in samples subjected only to one round of pcr it was possible to detect hav at concentrations of 10(3)-10(4) tcid50/10 g of mollusc. the use of the nested pcr renders the system more sensitive and specific ena ... | 1999 | 10375136 |
| prevalence of anti-hepatitis a antibodies, hepatitis b viral markers, and anti-hepatitis c antibodies among immigrants from the former ussr who arrived in israel during 1990-1991. | the goal of this study was to assess the susceptibility of the sub-population of over 500,000 immigrants from the former ussr who came to israel during 1989-94 to hav infection, and to provide military physicians with estimates of the prevalence of hbv and hcv carriage in this sub-population. 987 males aged 17-49 and 195 females aged 17-19, reporting to military recruitment offices between december 1991 and march 1992 were tested. anti-hav, anti-hbv antibodies and hepatitis b surface antigen (hb ... | 1999 | 10378135 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis g virus rna and antibodies to hgv envelope protein (anti-e2) in patients with liver injury in japan]. | to assess the role of hepatitis g virus (hgv) in acute and chronic liver diseases, we investigated the prevalence of hgv rna and antibodies to hgv envelope protein (anti-e2) among patients with liver diseases diagnosed in our hospital from 1992 to 1997. among 24 patients with acute hepatitis (hav: 13, hbv: 2, hcv: 3, cmv: 1, non a-c: 5), only 1 patient with non a-c hepatitis (4%) were positive for hgv rna and none was positive for anti-e2. among 461 patients with chronic liver diseases (alcohol: ... | 1999 | 10390982 |
| [characteristics of reactogenic and immunogenic properties of the children's variant of the domestic vaccine, "gep-a-in-vak", against hepatitis a]. | russian cultural concentrated inactivated vaccine protecting from hepatitis a--hep-a-in-vac was used for immunization of children. the vaccine is slightly reactogenic and completely safe in children aged 3-17 years vaccinated twice in a dose of 0.25 ml. double immunization of seronegative children with a 1-month interval led to conversion in 89.7% children. in 64.1% children titers of antibodies to hepatitis a virus reached 20 miu/ml and higher, which indicates rather high antigenic activity of ... | 1999 | 10392439 |
| the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in children in south texas: increased prevalence of hepatitis a along the texas-mexico border. | an initial retrospective study of 194 children demonstrated a high prevalence of hepatitis a but not hepatitis b or c infection among children living along the texas-mexico border. a larger prospective study of hepatitis a was conducted with 285 children (aged 6 months to 13 years) living in 3 sociodemographically dissimilar areas of south texas. children living in colonías along the border had a significantly higher prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection (37%) than children living in urban b ... | 1999 | 10395871 |
| protease inhibitors as potential antiviral agents for the treatment of picornaviral infections. | the picornavirus family contains several human pathogens including human rhinovirus (hrv) and hepatitis a virus (hav). in the case of hrvs, these small single-stranded positive-sense rna viruses translate their genetic information into a polyprotein precursor which is further processed mainly by two viral proteases designated 2a and 3c. the 2a protease (2apro) makes the first cleavage between the structural and non-structural proteins, while 3c protease (3cpro) catalyzes most of the remaining in ... | 1999 | 10396129 |
| characterization of the genome of avian encephalomyelitis virus with cloned cdna fragments. | cdna fragments were generated from rna extracted from preparations of avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) strategy, which exploited the probability that aev is a picornavirus. rapid amplification of the 3' cdna ends, which utilized an oligo d(t)-based primer that hybrizes to the putative poly (a) tract at the 3' terminus of picornavirus rna, produced a 3.8-kbp fragment (3.8-kbp 3' race fragment), from which a 2.5-kbp cdna fragment spe ... | 1999 | 10396634 |
| physico-chemical characterization of liposomes with covalently attached hepatitis a vp3(101-121) synthetic peptide. | the covalent conjugation of a 20-mer peptide belonging to the vp3 capsid protein of hepatitis a virus to the surface of preformed liposomes was investigated. three different bonds (disulfide, thioether and amide) were established between the peptide sequence and liposomes bearing at their surface appropriate reactive groups. the effect of the relative concentration of the n-[4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyryl]dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine anchor in liposomes on stability during coupling of the p ... | 1998 | 10396796 |
| ph-induced destabilization of lipid bilayers by a peptide from the vp3 protein of the capsid of hepatitis a virus. | the membrane destabilizing and fusogenic properties of the synthetic peptide vp3(110-121), corresponding to an immunogenic sequence of the hepatitis a virus (hav) vp3 capsid protein, were studied. by tryptophan fluorescence and acryalmide quenching it was demonstrated that the peptide binds liposomes of popc-sm-dppe (47 + 39 + 14) and popc-sm-dppe-dotap (40 + 33 + 12 + 15) and penetrates the membrane, at both neutral and acidic ph (popc = 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-sn-3-phosphocholine; sm = sph ... | 1998 | 10396798 |
| maturation of the hepatitis a virus capsid protein vp1 is not dependent on processing by the 3cpro proteinase. | most details of the processing of the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein are known. unique among members of the family picornaviridae, the primary cleavage of the hav polyprotein is mediated by 3cpro, the only proteinase known to be encoded by the virus, at the 2a/2b junction. all other cleavages of the polyprotein have been considered to be due to 3cpro, although the precise location and mechanism responsible for the vp1/2a cleavage have been controversial. here we present data that argue stro ... | 1999 | 10400711 |
| removal of viruses from human intravenous immune globulin by 35 nm nanofiltration. | viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical immunoglobulin preparations. a common manufacturing practice is to utilize several virus removal/inactivation process steps to ensure the safety of human intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig). in this regard, we examined the use of planova 35 nm filters to reduce potential loads of both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses prior to end-stage solvent detergent treatment. the nanofiltration process was validated for removal of a variety of envelope ... | 1998 | 10403036 |
| comparison of immunogenicity of two hepatitis a vaccines--vaqta and havrix--in young adults. | two new hepatitis a vaccines have been developed, and their immunogenicity tested using different immunoassays. the present study was designed to compare the immunogenicity of these two hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines--vaqta and havrix--as determined by seroconversion rates and anti-hav titers, and using the same immunoassay. healthy volunteers (15-30 y), seronegative for anti-hav, were randomized in an open single center study to four groups of 20-21 vaccinees each, to receive either a 25 u or ... | 1999 | 10403597 |
| [a combined vaccine against hepatitis a and b]. | 1999 | 10413972 | |
| [fall in the seroprevalence of hepatitis a in french youth]. | an anti-hepatitis a virus seroprevalence survey was performed in 1997 in 1052 french army recruits (mean age: 21.2 years). to describe epidemiological trends, the current pattern was compared to previous results obtained by similar methods in 1985, 1990 and 1993. | 1999 | 10416107 |
| hepatitis a outbreaks among illicit drug users and their contacts in queensland, 1997. | to describe five outbreaks of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection associated with illicit drug use during a statewide outbreak of hav infection in queensland. | 1999 | 10416427 |
| antigenic epitopes of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein. | forty-two antigenic domains were identified across the hepatitis a virus (hav) polyprotein by using a set of 237 overlapping 20-mer synthetic peptides spanning the entire hav polyprotein and a panel of serum samples from acutely hav-infected patients. the term "antigenic domain" is used in this study to define a protein region spanned with consecutive overlapping immunoreactive peptides. nineteen antigenic domains were found within the structural proteins, and 22 were found within the nonstructu ... | 1999 | 10417261 |
| the hepatitis alphabet--hepatitis a-g and ttv. | during the past three decades the number of viruses known to be capable to inducing liver inflammation has been considerably expanded. this short review gives a quick overview of the virologic characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment options. newer hepatitis viruses such as hepatitis e virus (hev), hepatitis gb-virus c/hepatitis g virus (gbv-c/hgv), and transfusion-transmitted virus (ttv) are discussed and data concerning their disease-inducing capacity reviewed. | 1999 | 10420504 |
| hepatitis a among health workers in paris hospitals. occupational health physicians of paris hospital (ap-hp). | to design a vaccination strategy against hepatitis a among hospital employees, we carried out a serological survey of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in 10 university hospitals in the paris area. subjects under 60 years of age were consecutively enrolled by occupational health services and tested for igg to hav by elisa. of the 1,516 subjects recruited, 926 were health workers (hw), 322 clerks, and 268 cooks or kitchen employees. among hw and clerks the hav seroprevalence was 53.8% (95% ci: 44 ... | 1999 | 10421396 |
| [detection of hav, srsv and astrovirus genomes from native oysters in chiba city, japan]. | srsv, astrovirus in tvirus and hav genomes were detected by rt-pcr in naturally grown oysters (total 112) collected in chiba city bay, japan, through a year from april, 1997 to march, 1998 and genogroup was typed by sequencing. srsv positive products were detected by rt-pcr from 28 out of 112 oysters and all of them were grouped into g-ii by sequencing. the highest incidence was observed in february, 1998. furthermore, astrovirus positive products were detected sporadically from 15 out of 112 sa ... | 1999 | 10423945 |
| ascertainment of secondary cases of hepatitis a--kansas, 1996-1997. | each year, 25,000-30,000 cases of hepatitis a are reported in the united states. the most common infection source (22%-26%) is household or sexual contact with a person already infected with hepatitis a virus (hav) (i.e., the source-patient). in kansas during 1992-1997, contact with a source-patient was reported by 39% of persons with hepatitis a. cases reported in 1996 and 1997 were studied retrospectively to determine the reasons for the apparently high proportion of secondary cases and to eva ... | 1999 | 10428094 |
| economic models of hepatitis a virus immunization. | 1999 | 10428626 | |
| economic models of hepatitis a virus immunization. | 1999 | 10428627 | |
| hepatitis a in australia in the 1990s: future directions in surveillance and control. | the national notification data from 1952 to 1997 was examined in order to characterise hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in australia in the 1990s, and to determine whether currently available surveillance data are sufficient to inform disease control strategies and vaccination policies. hepatitis a annual notification rates declined dramatically from a high of 123 notifications per 100,000 persons in 1961, to 3 per 100,000 in 1989. during 1991-97, the hepatitis a notification rate was 12 per 10 ... | 1999 | 10429311 |
| age distribution of helicobacter pylori seroprevalence among young children in a united states/mexico border community: evidence for transitory infection. | helicobacter pylori infection has been linked to a spectrum of gastroduodenal diseases of broad public health impact, yet the natural history of this frequently asymptomatic infection remains poorly understood. evidence suggests that initial acquisition occurs primarily during childhood and may persist throughout life. the seroprevalence of h. pylori antibodies was examined in 365 primary schoolchildren aged 4-7 years in a low-income united states/mexico border community from january to may 1996 ... | 1999 | 10430225 |
| low prevalence of anti-hav among children in southern thailand. | 1998 | 10437938 | |
| serological diagnosis of jaundice epidemics in india. | enterically transmitted non-a, nonb- hepatitis (et-nanbh) is a major public health problem in india, where the endemicity of this disease is high and poor public sanitation coupled with compromised quality of drinking water leads to major and minor outbreaks. sophisticated technics for characterization of hepatitis e virus (hev) are not easily available/affordable, resulting in continuation of the diagnosis of nanbh for most epidemics. this study attempts to serologically determine the etiology ... | 1998 | 10437945 |
| evaluation of the purity of a purified, inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (vaqta). | manufacture of vaqta, an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine, includes extensive purification of the intact virus particle to remove endogenous components from the host cell culture lysate as well as compounds introduced in the upstream purification process. analysis of the final purified hepatitis a virus product by sds-page prior to inactivation shows that greater than 95% of the protein in the preparation is found in four protein bands, which have been confirmed to be hepatitis a virus caps ... | 1999 | 10438053 |
| hepatitis a vaccine for secondary hepatitis a infection. | 1999 | 10440342 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine for secondary hepatitis a infection. | 1999 | 10440343 |