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human papillomavirus-associated lesions of the penis: colposcopy, cytology, and histology.the diagnosis and therapy of human papillomavirus infections in men is of potential benefit because it may decrease the reservoir of virus from which genital condylomata or squamous neoplasia may arise in women. to investigate the efficacy of diagnostic methods, we examined the 127 male sexual partners of 127 women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. eighty-three mostly asymptomatic men (65%) had from one to 50 (median three) small (median 3 mm) human papillomavirus-associated lesions consi ...19872819795
human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid in lesions of the female genital tract: evidence for type 6/11 in squamous carcinoma of the vulva.tissue specimens from 51 patients with genital condyloma acuminata or invasive cervical or vulvar carcinomas were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) using the dot blot technique. of ten condylomas, 80% contained dna related to human papillomavirus 6 or 11. sixty percent had evidence of dna related to human papillomavirus 16, and 30% contained dna related to human papillomavirus 18. of 24 squamous cervical carcinomas, 58% had human papillomavirus type 16 ...19872819798
human papillomavirus dna in squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx demonstrated by in situ dna hybridization.a series of 116 consecutive laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas were analyzed using an in situ dna hybridization technique with 35s-labelled human papillomavirus (hpv) dna probes to demonstrate the dna of hpv types 6, 11, 16 and 30, in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded biopsies. the lesions were also assessed on light microscopy for hpv-suggestive morphological features, and by indirect immunoperoxidase (ip-pap) technique to demonstrate the expression of hpv structural proteins (viral antige ...19872819803
cervical carcinoma as a sexually transmitted disease: human papillomavirus and its possible etiologic role. 19872820206
evolution of human papillomavirus infections in the uterine cervix during a long-term prospective follow-up.a series of 513 women presented with cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections (with or without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; cin) have been prospectively followed up since 1981 (mean 25.6 months), at 6-month intervals, by colposcopy with pap smears and/or punch biopsies. the latter were analyzed by light microscopy, as well as immunohistochemically for hpv structural proteins. hpv dna typing was accomplished by southern blot, spot, and in situ hybridization techniques using the dna p ...19872820450
detection of human papillomavirus-6 in primary carcinoma of the urethra in men.the authors report a case of primary urethral carcinoma which seems to be linked to human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. southern blot hybridization of phosphorus 32 (32p)-labeled dna extracted from the cancer tissue gave a positive reaction with hpv-6. specimens of the tumor material subjected to in situ hybridization with 3h-labeled hpv-6 dna showed numerous tumor cell clusters with clearly labeled nuclei. using immunoperoxidase staining the authors found papillomavirus structural antigen wit ...19872820563
cytologic and histologic manifestations of human papillomavirus infection of the female genital tract and their clinical significance.the historical developments in the recognition of the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in cells and tissues of the female genital tract are briefly summarized. the identification of a specific marker cell, the koilocyte, has led to initial studies of frequency and biologic significance of neoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix associated with hpv. by molecular virology techniques, over 40 types of hpv have been identified and their tissue affinity determined. types 6, 11, 16, 18, a ...19872820565
causes and management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.the evidence for human papillomavirus (hpv) playing a role in the pathogenesis of lower genital neoplasia is reviewed. it is likely that this group of viruses is etiologically important. it is suggested that cervical lesions be diagnosed as flat condyloma if they contain hpv types six or 11 and as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) if they are confined to the epithelium and contain hpv types 16 or 18 or other types associated with neoplasia. patients with a papanicolaou (pap) smear or clin ...19872820566
detection of low copy human papilloma virus dna and mrna in routine paraffin sections of cervix by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation.in analysing human papilloma virus (hpv) infection of the cervix in formalin fixed paraffin sections by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation two main problems were found: detachment of sections from the glass during hybridisation and probe detection; inadequate sensitivity and inability to assess sensitivity of the in situ procedure. the first problem was investigated by assessing the efficiency of various tissue adhesives individually and in combination. the second problem was addressed by optimi ...19872821078
demonstration of human papillomavirus dna in oral condyloma acuminatum.condyloma acuminatum arising on oral mucous membranes exhibits distinct histopathological features that allow for differentiation from the more common squamous papilloma. these lesions are parakeratinized with cryptic invagination of cornified cells extending into an acanthotic spinous cell layer. superficial spinous layer koilocytosis is a prominent feature and the condylomatous papillomas exhibit a tendency for sessile architecture. among 62 instances, the average age was 39.7 years with a pre ...19872821213
human papillomavirus standardization and dna cytophotometry in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.human papillomavirus (hpv) standardization and dna cytophotometry were carried out in 29 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) grades i-iii. a prognostically unfavorable dna distribution pattern with an aneuploid stemline was found in 14 of the 16 dysplasias with hpv types 16 and 18, while in 11 of 13 dysplasias with hpv types 6 and 11 there was a favorable dna distribution with a euploid-polyploid stemline. among 178 colposcopically, cytologically and histologically confirmed cervic ...19872821252
oncogenic association of specific human papillomavirus types with cervical neoplasia.molecular hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna from 190 cervical biopsy specimens from women in the united states, brazil, and peru revealed viral sequences in 2 (9%) of 23 biopsy specimens of normal mature squamous epithelium, 7 (44%) of 16 biopsy specimens of metaplastic squamous epithelia, 60 (77%) of 78 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), 57 (89%) of 64 invasive squamous carcinomas, and 8 (89%) of 9 endocervical adenocarcinomas. hpv typing by dna hybridization revea ...19872821311
chromosomal integration sites of human papillomavirus dna in three cervical cancer cell lines mapped by in situ hybridization.metaphase chromosomes of three cervical cancer cell lines (hela, caski, siha) were subjected to in situ hybridizations with the dna of human papillomaviruses (hpv) types 16 and 18, respectively. previous studies have demonstrated multiple copies of hpv 18 dna in hela and of hpv 16 dna in caski cells, but only 1-2 hpv 16 copies in cells of the siha line. the viral dna persists in an integrated state (schwarz et al 1985). analysis of the integration sites revealed at least 11 chromosomal sites of ...19872821369
the morphology of butchers' warts as related to papillomavirus types.hand warts were studied in 160 butchers. clinical and histological studies were performed in 190 warts and virological studies in 165 warts from 104 butchers. since we found almost perfect correlation between the histological pattern and the type of infecting virus, it was possible to evaluate the virus types in a further 39 of 56 butchers without virological studies, on the basis of the histology of the warts. the most common infection was with hpv-2 (human papilloma virus) and hpv-7. thirty-th ...19872821930
detection of human papillomavirus dna in biopsies of human oral tissue.we have employed molecular probes produced from dna fragments of human papillomavirus, cloned into prokaryotic vectors, to detect virus nucleic acid sequences in extracts of human oral tissues. the study was conducted with duplicate coded snap-frozen tissue biopsies from which frozen sections had been taken to accurately assess the pathology of each particular sample. the results show that a large proportion of the oral biopsies contained dna which hybridized to the viral dna probes, even under ...19872822070
natural killer cells in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection.a semiquantitative immunocytochemical study of natural killer (nk) cells in cervical mucosa was performed by the immunoperoxidase technique using anti-leu-7 and anti-leu-11 monoclonal antibodies. nk cells were present in two of the five normal controls and five of six specimens showing human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. of the 12 cin studied, six were positive for both leu-7 and leu-11 staining and three were positive for leu-11 alone. nk cells were found predominantly in the subepithelial st ...19872822078
[histological aspects of lesions of the cervix uteri correlated with different types of human papillomavirus].cervical biopsies from 66 women presenting an abnormal smear, with hpv related features were studied and histologic features were correlated to the hpv type, as determined by molecular hybridisation studies. hpv dna sequences were evidenced in 13 of 19 lesions corresponding to exophytic or flat condyloma (hpv type 16 in seven cases, hpv type 11 in four cases, as yet uncharacterized hpv types, hpv x, in two cases). fourty biopsies were histologically interpreted as cin, on the basis of atypical m ...19872822182
sensitivity of the cytologic diagnosis of cervical condyloma in comparison with hpv-dna hybridization studies.the cytologic diagnosis of cervical condyloma is based on criteria developed over the last 10 years. it has now become possible to document the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) dna directly in cervical swabs by the highly sensitive technique of dna filter hybridization in situ. the purpose of this article is to evaluate critically the empirically established cytologic criteria of condyloma by comparing them with hpv-dna hybridization studies in the same material. the results of this study ...19872822367
case-control study of human papillomaviruses and cervical cancer in latin america.human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 have been implicated as risk factors for cervical dysplasia and neoplasia. however, most studies have been observational, uncontrolled and conducted in populations at low risk for invasive cancer. we report a pilot case-control study of incident invasive cervical cancer in panama, costa rica and bogota, colombia. between july and september 1985 we enrolled 46 consecutive newly diagnosed invasive cervical cancer cases and 51 age-matched control women. su ...19872822583
in situ localization of human papilloma virus type 16 dna in a metastasis of an endocervical adenocarcinoma.metastatic tissue from an endocervical adenocarcinoma was examined for human papilloma virus (hpv) dna sequences. southern blot analysis with 32p-labeled viral probes revealed the presence of about 150 copies of hpv-16 dna per cellular genome. dna in situ hybridization of frozen sections with biotinylated probes showed that hpv-16 dna was exclusively detectable in the nuclei of the malignant epithelial cells and not in the stroma.19872822599
herpes simplex virus and human cytomegalovirus: their role in morphological transformation and genital cancers.herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) are candidates for the induction of premalignant or malignant disease. morphological transformation studies have failed to demonstrate a viral oncogene, a virus-coded transforming protein or any sequence of dna that uniquely transforms cells according to one-hit kinetics. thus the mechanism of transformation is complex. the transformed cells are, however, all oncogenic in the host animal and in immunocompetent mice. direct evidence for ...19872822840
human papillomavirus (hpv) in oral squamous cell papillomas.one hundred and forty oral squamous cell papillomas (scps) were subjected to immunocytochemical staining for papillomavirus antigen using the immunoperoxidase-pap method 41% of the oral squamous papillomas showed positive intranuclear staining, 50% were negative and the remaining 9% showed both intranuclear and cytoplasmic staining. in view of these findings it is suggested that a review of the etiology of lesions diagnosed as oral scps should be considered.19872822883
the e6-e7 region of human papillomavirus type 18 is sufficient for transformation of nih 3t3 and rat-1 cells.plasmids containing the e6 and e7 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 18 expressed from an autologous transcriptional control region were sufficient for transformation of nih 3t3 and rat-1 cells. transformation by these sequences did not always involve morphological alterations even though anchorage-independent growth occurred at a high frequency. in these cells, the efficiency of transformation by the e6 and e7 construct was equivalent to or, in most cases, better than that observe ...19872822969
hpv dna detection in tumours of the head and neck: a comparative light microscopy and dna hybridization study.a series of 22 squamous cell carcinomas (4 cases grade 1; 11 cases grade 2; 7 cases grade 3) of the oral cavity (13 cases), (naso-)pharynx (5 cases) and larynx (4 cases) were studied by conventional light microscopy and filter (dot blot) hybridization for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. in 4 carcinomas, tumour-free tissue from the resection margins of the surgical sample was examined in addition to the tumour specimen. the same kind of investigation was carried out on 4 oral leu ...19872823203
extraction of dna from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pathology specimens and its use in hybridization (histo-blot) assays. application to the detection of human papillomavirus dna. 19872823232
[human papillomavirus infections of the cervix uteri. i. pathobiology, epidemiology and relation to cancer pathogenesis].infection of the uterine cervix by human papilloma viruses (hpv) is a ubiquitous yet only recently recognized lesion. the morphological findings correlate with early and late gene expression. the pathological events presumably depend upon the hpv type involved and upon environmental and host factors. the recognized risk factors are those described for epithelial dysplasias and carcinomas. the prevalence is unclear: it varies among different population groups and depends upon the investigation me ...19872823379
human papillomavirus and the squamous epithelium of the female genital tract.the evidence linking human papillomavirus (hpv) infection with cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (cin), cervical cancer and similar changes in the vulval and vaginal epithelium is reviewed. reference is made to prevalence rates for hpv and cin in south africa and south west africa/namibia and the prospect of an 'epidemic' of cervical and possibly of other squamous genital cancers is discussed. only an effective cytological screening programme with effective follow-up arrangements will prevent ...19872823398
integration of human papillomavirus type 16 into cellular dna of cervical carcinoma: preferential deletion of the e2 gene and invariable retention of the long control region and the e6/e7 open reading frames.the integration patterns of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 in the cellular dna of six cervical carcinoma samples were analyzed by the southern blot procedure. none of the hpv integrants retained the entire viral genome. double hpv integration was found in one case while all other cases were single integrants. in some samples, internal deletion and selective amplification of the viral sequences were observed. on integration, the e2 open reading frame (orf) was invariably lost but the e6/e7 or ...19872823467
detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) structural antigens and dna types in inverted papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses.to assess the suggested etiological role of human papillomavirus (hpv), biopsies from 14 patients operated on for an inverted papilloma (11 cases) and squamous cell carcinoma (3 cases) of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were analysed for light microscopical evidence of hpv, by indirect immunoperoxidase (ip-pap) to demonstrate hpv structural proteins, and using in situ dna-hybridization to disclose the dna of hpv types 6, 11 and 16. the majority of the inverted papillomas contained areas o ...19872823523
colposcopic correlates of cervical papillomavirus infection.we compared the colposcopic and histologic features of 39 papillomavirus-related cervical lesions with their associated human papillomavirus type. two thirds of the lesions contained human papillomavirus type 16-related deoxyribonucleic acid, and 69% of them were classified as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia i or ii, in contrast to 92% of lesions containing human papillomavirus 6/11 deoxyribonucleic acid. on histologic examination, low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplastic lesions tended ...19872823611
epidermodysplasia verruciformis. a case associated with primary lymphatic dysplasia, depressed cell-mediated immunity, and bowen's disease containing human papillomavirus 16 dna.epidermodysplasia verruciformis is a rare, often hereditary disease characterized by a generalized cutaneous infection with human papillomavirus (hpv), depressed cell-mediated immunity, and a propensity for transformation of the warty lesions to squamous cell carcinoma on primarily sun-exposed areas of the skin. a 37-year-old man with congenital lymphatic dysplasia and a history of squamous cell carcinoma of the groin and foot was observed by us to have edema of all four extremities, numerous fl ...19872823726
bowen's disease of the feet. presence of human papillomavirus 16 dna in tumor tissue.a 36-year-old black man with bilateral squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the feet is described. the dna hybridization analysis performed on the tumor tissue demonstrated the presence of human papillomavirus 16 dna. human papillomavirus 16 has been detected repeatedly in genital carcinomas, and evidence is mounting that it may play an important role in the development of malignancy.19872823727
cervical human papilloma virus infection and colposcopy. 19872823782
human papilloma virus infection and associated intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix, vagina and vulva.a prospective colposcopic and histological study was performed on 333 patients with cytologically detected human papilloma virus infection (hpv) without cytological evidence of associated intraepithelial neoplasia. the colposcopic changes seen in the cervix, vagina and vulva were documented and target biopsies were taken from abnormal areas in these 3 sites. colposcopic and histological evidence of hpv infection was found in the cervix of 314 patients (94%), vagina in 274 patients (82%) and vulv ...19872823783
the significance of human papilloma virus atypia ('wart virus infection') found alone on cervical cytology screening.a series of 429 patients has been analysed in which the cytology smear report suggested human papillomavirus (hpv) infection alone. all patients were examined colposcopically and in 58 (13.6%) associated histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) was demonstrated. cin subsequently developed in an additional 10% of those patients who returned for follow-up over an ensuing 3-year period. follow-up with repeat cervical cytology smears alone was unreliable as 4% of patients ev ...19872823784
[human papillomavirus infection and carcinogenesis of cancer of the uterine cervix. i. pathomorphology of 357 cervical tissues].human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in the cervix was studied by pathomorphology for the first time in china according to meisels and fortin's criteria. cervical condyloma was found in 257 out of 357 (71.99%) cervical tissues. 141 were simple condyloma, 50 dysplasia with condyloma and 66 carcinoma with condyloma. a zone of continuous transformation was observed between the condyloma and dysplasia or carcinoma. 141 simple condylomas were initially diagnosed as chronic cervicitis in 94 (66.67%) a ...19872824150
detection of human papillomavirus type 6/11 dna in conjunctival papillomas by in situ hybridization with radioactive probes.twenty-three conjunctival papillomas and 28 conjunctival dysplasias were examined for human papillomavirus (hpv)-dna sequences by in situ hybridization with nick-translated 35s-labeled hpv probes. adjacent paraffin sections were hybridized with hpv type 2, 6, 16, and 18 probes at tm - 17 degrees c. fifteen tissues, all papillomas, displayed positive hybridization with the hpv-6 probe. infection with hpv-6 (or the closely related hpv-11) appeared to be responsible for most of the conjunctival pap ...19872824322
chromosomal insertion of human papillomavirus 18 sequences in hela cells detected by nonisotopic in situ hybridization and reflection contrast microscopy.genomic insertion of human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences is associated with the genesis of cervical carcinoma, and hpv-induced incipient cellular alterations may also present a requisite for the establishment of cell lines such as hela. considering the theoretical importance of specific viral integration sites, we attempted to detect in hela cells the chromosomal location of dna sequences homologous to hpv-16 and hpv-18 sequences by a nonisotopic high resolution in situ hybridization technique. ...19872824333
new human papillomavirus sequences in female genital tumors from japanese patients.tissues from 52 cervical carcinomas, 15 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias iii (cins iii), and 3 vulvar carcinomas were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences by southern blot hybridization with hpv 16 or 18 dna as the probe. hpv 16 or 18 dna was detected in only 17 cervical carcinomas (33%), 5 cins iii (33%), and 1 vulvar carcinoma (33%). these frequencies are lower than those reported by others. however, new, as yet unidentified, hpvs were also detected at rather hi ...19872824417
human papillomaviruses in oral epithelial lesions. comparative study between histopathology and immunohistochemistry in routine diagnosis.forty five oral papillary lesions classified clinically and histologically as condylomatous papilloma, hyperkeratotic papilloma and oral wart were subjected to histopathological evaluation and tested with human papilloma virus (hpv) antiserum, in order to detect hpv group-specific antigens. the immunoperoxidase labelling technique was positive in 10% of 31 condylomatous papillomas, 22% of 9 hyperkeratotic papillomas, and 60% of 5 oral warts. no viral antigens could be detected in 4 oral fibromas ...19872824453
routine papillomavirus antigen staining of cervical punch biopsy specimens.immunocytochemical staining for papillomavirus antigen was carried out on 1147 consecutive cervical punch biopsy specimens over 12 months. of 876 cases with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) 351, were antigen positive and of 49 cases with histological evidence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection but no cin, 14 were positive. there were 204 cases reported to be normal on routine histological examination and 12 cases reported to show features suggestive but not diagnostic of hpv infecti ...19872824568
symptomatic and asymptomatic cervical infections with human papillomavirus during pregnancy.the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of the cervix was determined in an unselected population of pregnant women presenting to an inner-city obstetrics clinic in the first trimester. cervical scrape specimens were screened for the presence of hpv types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31 dna by using three different blot hybridization methods. specimens from 26 (11.1%) of 234 patients contained hpv dna sequences. hpv-16 and -31 were detected in six specimens each, whereas hpv-6, -11, and -18 ...19872824625
a one-step method for detecting and typing human papillomavirus dna in cervical scrape specimens from women with cervical dysplasia.we studied 66 women with a previous dysplastic cervical cytological smear who were referred for colposcopy and biopsy for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 31 dna in cervical specimens. the specimens were analyzed by a novel hybridization method termed reverse blotting, in which cellular dna is radiolabeled and used to probe a battery of cloned hpv dnas immobilized on nitrocellulose. reconstruction experiments demonstrated that this method could detect about one ...19872824626
identification of human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein by monoclonal antibodies.a number of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 proteins have recently been identified in human cervical carcinoma cell lines using polyclonal antisera against papillomavirus gene products expressed in escherichia coli. e7 protein has been found to be the most abundant papillomavirus protein in these cells. here we describe a panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing a 15k mr non-glycosylated cytoplasmic hpv-16 e7 protein. one of the antibodies cross-reacted with hpv-18 e7 protein.19872824670
human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) enhances bovine papilloma virus (bpv) transformation in vitro.infection of nih 3t3 cells with a combination of hcmv and bpv resulted in more foci than infection with bpv alone. foci were microscopically apparent at 4 days in the mixed infection and did not appear until 2 days later in the cultures infected with bpv alone. the enhancement was abolished by heat inactivation of the hcmv and also when the hcmv was replaced by a "mock inoculum." southern blot analysis of cellular dna from transformed cells showed a similar amount of extrachromosomal bpv dna in ...19872824682
cloning and characterization of a papillomavirus associated with papillomas and carcinomas in the european harvest mouse (micromys minutus).individuals in a colony of european harvest mice (micromys minutus) were diagnosed with a variety of skin tumors including papillomas, trichoepitheliomas, and sebaceous carcinomas. papillomavirus group-specific antigens and viruslike particles were detected in the papillomas. a 7.6-kilobase supercoiled circular dna, which was cleaved once by ecori, was visualized in papilloma extracts by low-stringency southern blot hybridization with a bovine papillomavirus type 2 probe. the molecule was cloned ...19882824849
progression of the phenotype of transformed cells after growth stimulation of cells by a human papillomavirus type 16 gene function.alteration of the growth properties of the established murine fibroblast cell lines nih 3t3 and 3y1 was studied in monolayer cultures and in cells suspended in semisolid medium after introduction of a cloned human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) dna. hpv 16 dna stimulated both cell lines to grow beyond their saturation densities in monolayer cultures without any apparent morphological changes or tendency to pile up. these cells were also stimulated to grow in soft agar. since essentially all the ...19882824852
accumulation of rna homologous to human papillomavirus type 16 open reading frames in genital precancers.the accumulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16)-specific rnas in tissue sections from biopsies of patients with genital precancers was studied by in situ hybridization with single-stranded 35s-labeled rna. these analyses revealed that the most abundant early-region rnas were derived from the e4 and e5 open reading frames (orfs). rnas homologous to the e6/e7 orfs were also detected, whereas rnas homologous to the intervening e1 orf were not. this suggests that the e4 and e5 mrnas are de ...19882824859
[cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papilloma virus infection: causative or incidental relations?]. 19872825144
plurality of genital human papillomaviruses: characterization of two new types with distinct biological properties.the genomes of two new genital human papillomavirus (hpv) types, tentatively named hpvs 39 and 42, have been cloned from biopsy specimens of penile bowenoid papules and vulvar papillomas, respectively. blot hybridization experiments, performed under stringent conditions (tm -10 degrees), have revealed no cross-hybridization between the dnas of hpvs 39 and 42, and between these dnas and those of other genital and cutaneous hpvs. a significant cross-hybridization has been observed between the dna ...19872825411
prevalence of human papillomavirus in inverted nasal papillomas.human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been associated with both benign and malignant neoplasms of the head and neck. to determine the prevalence and types of hpvs in this neoplasm, we examined fixed tissue from 21 patients by in situ hybridization. human papillomavirus types 6b and 11 probes were used, and hybridization was positive to both types in lesions from 16 (76%) of 21 patients. hybridization to the hpv-11 probe resulted in the most intense nuclear staining throughout the epithelium, probab ...19882825730
persistence and expression of human papillomavirus during interferon therapy.alpha interferon did not prevent the persistence or expression of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6 or 11 in respiratory tract papillomas. seventeen patients receiving interferon therapy for a minimum of six months and a maximum of 39 months still had one to ten copies per cell genome of hpv dna in their laryngeal tissues, seen by southern blot hybridization. in papillomas that recurred during treatment, hpv rna could be detected by in situ hybridization, and capsid protein could be detected by ...19882825731
quantitative dna analysis of low grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and human papillomavirus infection by static and flow cytometry.quantitative deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) analysis of cervical biopsy specimens from 26 women with cytological, colposcopic, and histological evidence of mild cervical atypia consistent with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade i, reactive atypia, or human papillomavirus infection alone or in combination was performed in a comparative evaluation of feulgen microspectrophotometry, the fast interval processor image analysis system, and flow cytometry. the fast interval processor image analysis ...19872825903
analysis of human papillomavirus sequences in cell lines recently derived from cervical cancers.the dna and rna from four cell lines recently derived from cervical carcinomas (hx151c, hx155c, hx156c, and hx160c) were analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus dna. each contained hpv-16 dna in a multicopy integrated form of varying complexity. each also expressed rna transcripts of similar sizes to caski cell transcripts. the splice acceptor position within the e6 coding region of the cell line hx156c was identical to caski, siha, and hela cells as well as a cell line derived from mo ...19882825972
detection of dna of human papillomavirus types 6/11 and 16/18 in cell scrapings of the uterine cervix by filter in situ hybridisation. correlation with cytology, colposcopy and histology.the application of filter in situ hybridisation (fish) to detect the presence of the dna of human papillomavirus genotypes 6/11 and/or 16/18 in cell scrapings of the uterine cervix of 248 women in western australia is described. the results obtained by fish are related to cervical dysplasia as assessed by cytology, colposcopy and histology. the detection of hpv infection was more sensitive and specific by fish than by either histological/cytological evidence of an hpv cytopathic effect (koilocyt ...19872826222
simultaneous presence of herpes simplex and human papilloma virus sequences in human genital tumors.herpes simplex virus (hsv) and human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences were analyzed in tumors of the female lower genital tract, by probing dna from 13 intraepithelial and 30 invasive neoplastic lesions with radiolabelled hpv-16 and hpv-18 dna as well as cloned fragments of hsv-2 dna. careful removal of stromal tissue from the pathological specimens allowed authentic tumor dna to be processed. normal genital tissue obtained from the patients and genital condylomata were included as internal contro ...19872826337
human papillomavirus dna in normal, metaplastic, preneoplastic and neoplastic epithelia of the cervix uteri.colposcopically directed cervical punch biopsies from 362 patients were screened by southern blot hybridization for the presence of dna of human papillomavirus (hpv) 6, 10, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33. the biopsies represented original squamous epithelium, epithelium of metaplastic origin, different stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and invasive carcinomas. hpv6/11, 16, 18 and 31 were detected in 2.9% to 13.7% of histologically normal epithelia. hpv6/11 prevailed in cin i. hpv16 was c ...19882826346
characterization of a new human papillomavirus (hpv 41) from disseminated warts and detection of its dna in some skin carcinomas.a new human papillomavirus type (hpv 41), distantly related to known hpv prototypes, was isolated from a patient with disseminated facial, peri-anal and foot warts (epidermodysplasia verruciformis was not diagnosed). the viral dna was molecularly cloned in 2 bamh1 restriction fragments with sizes of 6.5 kb and 0.98 kb, respectively. the classification of this cloned dna as a new type is based on the degree of cross-hybridization with 40 hpv types under conditions of varying stringency. a total o ...19882826347
detection of papillomavirus nucleic acids in genital precancers with the in situ hybridization technique.recent advances in in situ hybridization technology have made it possible to analyze the distribution of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 nucleic acid sequences in genital neoplasms. this review addresses the methodology of in situ hybridization as it relates to the detection of hpv sequences in precancerous lesions and explores the potential value of this technique for both detecting hpv sequences in tissue sections and analyzing hpv gene functions that may be important in the genesis of squa ...19872826355
[hpv-20-induced epidermodysplasia verruciformis].a 58-year-old man is presented who has suffered from epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) for 11 years. the lesions on the distal extremities are similar to verruca plana; those on the trunk and upper arms consist of red slightly squamous plaques. no malignant tumours have been observed so far. only human papilloma virus (hpv), type 20, was found in all lesions. no cell mediated immune reaction disorders could be demonstrated. virus identification is considered an important prognostic criterion.19872826363
detection of human papilloma virus in paraffin-embedded tissue using the polymerase chain reaction.human papilloma virus (hpv) dna sequences have been detected in paraffin-embedded tissue using an enzymatic in vitro amplification technique known as the polymerase chain reaction. amplification of a hpv dna sequence before its detection with a cdna probe significantly increases the rapidity as well as the sensitivity of detection such that a single 5-10-micron thick paraffin-embedded tissue section can be analyzed within 24 h. the assay specifically detected hpv 16 or 18 without crossreactivity ...19882826637
characterization of human papillomavirus type 45, a new type 18-related virus of the genital tract.dna of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 45, a new hpv type 18-related papillomavirus of the genital tract, was cloned from a recurrent cervical lesion displaying mild to moderate dysplasia with koilocytosis. hpv-45 dna was identified in paraffin sections of biopsies of both the initial and recurrent lesions of the patient, taken 7 months apart. hpv-45 dna hybridized efficiently to that of many different hpv types under low and moderate stringency conditions (tm - 37 degrees c to tm - 25 degrees c ...19872826649
expression of human papillomavirus type 6 and type 16 capsid proteins in bacteria and their antigenic characterization.the l1 and l2 capsid proteins encoded by human papillomavirus types 6 and 16 (hpv-6 and hpv-16) have been synthesized in bacteria. antisera were raised against the hpv-6 l1- and l2-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins and against an hpv-16 l1 c-terminal peptide which was 14 amino acids long. the hpv-16 l1 peptide antibodies have been shown to be highly reactive with the hpv-16 l1-beta-galactosidase protein but not against the equivalent hpv-6 l1-beta-galactosidase fusion protein. the effectiveness ...19872826650
physical state and biological activity of human papillomavirus genomes in precancerous lesions of the female genital tract.the dna of distinct human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is regularly detected in the majority of human cervical carcinomas. in contrast to benign hpv-induced genital lesions, where the viral genomes are exclusively present as episomes, in cervical carcinomas hpv type 16 (hpv16) dna was found to be integrated into the host dna. in order to determine the physical state and expression of hpv dna sequences at different stages of tumour development, we analysed a series of cervical lesions (mild, moderate ...19882826665
identification of the human papillomavirus e2 protein in genital tract tissues.a 27-kilodalton protein representing approximately 60% of the e2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) was synthesized in a bacterial expression system. affinity-purified polyclonal antibody to this protein detected the probable e2 gene product as a 50-kilodalton protein in most condylomas by western blot (immunoblot) analysis. the e2-positive condylomas were associated with hpv-6, hpv-11, hpv-16, or unidentified hpvs.19882826817
human papillomavirus type 16 open reading frame e7 encodes a transforming gene for rat 3y1 cells.human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) dna is capable of morphologically transforming rat 3y1 cells. the expression plasmids, constructed from the simian virus 40-based expression vector psv2-0 and specific dna fragments from the putative early region of the hpv 16 genome, were tested for their transforming capacity. among the various psv2 plasmids, only those containing the intact e7 coding region were found to produce foci of the transformed rat cells which could grow in a soft-agar medium. the ...19882826818
regression of oral hairy leukoplakia after orally administered acyclovir therapy.to define the role of epstein-barr virus (ebv) in the pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia, 13 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive men with clinical and histologic evidence of oral hairy leukoplakia were enrolled in an open-label trial of orally administered acyclovir therapy (3.2 g/d for 20 days). of six patients who received therapy, five exhibited clinical regression. once therapy was discontinued, recurrences occurred in all responders. among seven patients who refused therapy, no sp ...19882826830
colposcopy is superior to cytology for the detection of early genital human papillomavirus infection.of 2232 women with no cytologic evidence of intraepithelial neoplasia, 250 (11.2%) were positive for human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) by filter in situ hybridization. in 150 of those human papillomavirus-positive patients, an adequate colposcopic examination of the cervix was possible; human papillomavirus infection was diagnosed in 104 women (70%). cervical cytology showed evidence of human papillomavirus infection in only 23 patients (15%). the following colposcopic features we ...19882827083
[prevalence of infection in the endocervix with human papillomavirus in a population of prostitutes in panama city]. 19872827243
[controlled study of cases of uterine cervix cancer and infection with human papillomavirus in latin america]. 19872827244
[human papillomavirus infections of the cervix uteri. ii. diagnosis, terminology, clinical significance of the diagnosis].cervical hpv infection may be diagnosed by colposcopy, cytology, histology and dna hybridization. each of these techniques alone may result in the detection of no more than 70% of the cases which are found by combining all methods. typical cytological and histological findings are illustrated. a morphological continuum exists between hpv associated epithelial atypias (vae), dysplasias and carcinomata in situ. the higher the grade of dysplasia, the lower the rate of cytological vae. hpv types 16/ ...19872827300
human papillomavirus infection and neoplasia of the cervix and anogenital region in women with hodgkin's disease.immunosuppression has been associated with an increased incidence of condyloma and neoplasia of the cervix and anogenital region, lesions associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. the role of immunosuppression as a risk factor for the development of these lesions in patients with hodgkin's disease was studied in a series of 666 consecutive women seen at the university of texas m. d. anderson hospital between 1963 and 1982. thirty-nine patients (5.9%) of the entire series and 45.9% of ...19872827413
cervical smears in assessment of the natural history of human papillomavirus infections in prospectively followed women.the value of cervical (papanicolaou) smears in monitoring the natural history of cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infections was assessed in a series of 513 women prospectively followed since 1981. on each clinic visit, the patients were subjected to colposcopy accompanied by cervical smears and/or punch biopsies. the latter were analyzed by light microscopy for concomitant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and by transmission electron microscopy (tem) for hpv particles as well as for ...19872827414
tissue macrophage response in human papillomavirus infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.tissue macrophages in the uterine cervix were studied immunocytochemically with monoclonal antibody (moab) 3.9 which reacts with the majority of macrophages, and e11 which is specific for the c3b receptor, cr1. samples from five normal women, six with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and 10 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) were tested. a small population of moab 3.9 positive and only occasional moab e11 positive macrophages were found in the normal cervix. in hpv infection and c ...19872827722
demonstration of papillomavirus structural antigen in human urinary bladder neoplasia.clear cells showing characteristic features of koilocytotic atypia were found in 41 (82%) of 50 paraffin sections of urinary bladder tumour. papillomavirus common structural antigen was detected in seven (14%) of the samples using an avidin-biotin peroxidase staining technique. the results suggest a role for the human papillomavirus in the aetiology of urinary bladder neoplasia.19872827832
human papillomavirus types and localization in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a study by in situ dna hybridization.formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 108 cases of invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix, consisting of 40 cases of adenocarcinoma, 44 cases of adenosquamous carcinoma, and, as a control, 24 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna by in situ hybridization of high sensitivity using tritium-labeled hpv-2, hpv-6, hpv-16, and hpv-18 dna probes. this method detects five genome copies of homologous hpv dna per cell. hpv dna was dete ...19882827890
the bpv1-e2 trans-acting protein can be either an activator or a repressor of the hpv18 regulatory region.the human papillomavirus 18 (hpv 18) long control region contains promoter and enhancer elements whose activity is restricted to several human cell lines of epithelial origin. this enhancer possesses a considerable constitutive activity which is further stimulated in the presence of the e2 trans-activating protein of bovine papillomavirus 1 (bpv1). surprisingly the same bpv1 protein strongly repressed transcription from the genuine hpv18 enhancer-promoter dna sequences. we suggest that binding o ...19872828029
the upstream regulatory region of the human papilloma virus-16 contains an e2 protein-independent enhancer which is specific for cervical carcinoma cells and regulated by glucocorticoid hormones.the upstream regulatory region of the human papilloma virus-16 (hpv-16) genomic dna contains a sequence element with a large degree of homology to the partially palindromic sequence ggtacannntgttct, which is the consensus sequence of the glucocorticoid responsive elements of known genes regulated by this steroid hormone. dnase i and dimethylsulfate protection experiments reveal the binding of this sequence by rat glucocorticoid receptor protein. a 400-bp dna segment centrally containing this seq ...19872828035
large atypical polyps of the vagina during pregnancy with concomitant human papilloma virus infection.a 25-yr-old primigravid patient with large atypical fibroepithelial polyps of the vagina is presented. the tumors necessitated interruption of the pregnancy by cesarean section at 34 wks. after delivery the tumors were excised, and the patient has been symptom-free for 12 months. there was an intercurrent human papilloma virus (hpv) infection in the vaginal epithelium. the nature of rare atypical vaginal fibroepithelial polyps is discussed on the basis of the literature. these lesions are clinic ...19882828132
[a comparative study of sensitivities of immunocytochemistry, koilocytosis and transmission electron microscopy in detecting hpv in the cervical condyloma and intraepithelial neoplasia as compared to dna hybridization].the sensitivity in detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) by immunocytochemistry, histological observation of koilocytosis and electron microscopy with reference to the results of southern blot dna hybridization were reviewed in 41 lesions (37 patients) of cervical and vaginal condylomata acuminata and intraepithelial neoplasia. hpv dna was demonstrated in all but one lesion of moderate dysplasia (98%). hpv capsid antigens were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry in approximately 60% of the les ...19872828491
humoral and cellular immunity to papillomavirus in patients with cervical dysplasia.the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to human papillomavirus (hpv) were tested in groups of patients with various degrees of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) using a lymphocyte proliferation assay (lpa) as a measure of circulating sensitised t-cells and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for antibodies. twenty-three of 92 patients (25%) gave stimulation indices (s.i.) greater than two to at least one of the several antigen preparations tested in the lpa. of 282 patien ...19882828535
demonstration of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 in juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis by in-situ dna hybridization.a study is reported in which an in situ hybridization technique for the demonstration of human papillomavirus (hpv) employing a biotin--streptavidin polyalkaline phosphatase complex has been successfully applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-processed tissue obtained from ten patients with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis. in all cases, positive results were obtained for either hpv type 6 or 11. normal vocal cord epithelium was negative.19872828588
cervical and vaginal pathology in women with vulvar condylomata.all women referred to the department of obstetrics and gynecology, school of medicine, state university of new york at stony brook, for evaluation of vulvar condylomata were reviewed to identify concurrent cervical and vaginal pathology. over the five-year period 1981-1985, referrals to our colposcopy clinic for vulvar condylomata increased from 7.8% to 29.2%. all patients underwent a thorough history, physical examination and colposcopic evaluation of the cervix, vulva and vagina. of the patien ...19872828612
transcriptional differences of the human papillomavirus type 16 genome between precancerous lesions and invasive carcinomas.human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) genome dna and its transcripts in biopsied cervical neoplasias were analyzed by simultaneous extraction of dna and rna from one biopsied sample. southern blot analysis revealed that 5 of 20 cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (cins) contained hpv16 dnas existing primarily as episomes and two of seven invasive carcinomas harbored hpv16 genome sequences integrated into the host dna. northern (rna) blot analysis showed that the hpv16 genome sequences were transc ...19882828651
identification of the e5 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16.sequencing of the e5 open reading frame (orf) of human papillomavirus type 16 revealed an additional nucleotide, a thymidine residue, at position 3903 compared with the original sequence (seedorf et al., virology 145:181-185, 1985). the additional t had two effects; first, in reading frame 2, in which the original e5 orf was predicted, the additional t changed the reading frame downstream of position 3903 to create an orf, which we designated e5, that terminated at position 4018 and potentially ...19882828656
inducible and constitutive enhancer domains in the noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 18.the noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) is shown to contain at least three enhancer elements. two of these elements are responsive to papillomavirus-encoded trans-acting factors, and the third element functions as a constitutive enhancer, requiring only cellular factors for activity. the first enhancer (ie2) is located proximal to the e6 cap site and is responsive to papillomavirus e2 trans-activator. the second enhancer (ie6) is located approximately 500 base pairs upstrea ...19882828662
papillomavirus in the vapor of carbon dioxide laser-treated verrucae.vapor produced by the carbon dioxide laser during the vaporization of papillomavirus-infected verrucae was analyzed for viral dna content. two models were used for evaluation: an in vitro cutaneous bovine fibropapilloma and an in vivo human verruca model. four bovine fibropapillomas were exposed to various laser parameters with power densities of 38,200 to 130 w/cm2 and energy fluences of 3820 to 130 j/cm2. the generated vapor was collected in a chamber in line with a vacuum system. hybridizatio ...19882828703
development of cervical and vaginal squamous cell neoplasia as a late consequence of in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol.during the last 14 years, several articles have given contradictory reports on prevalence rates of squamous cell neoplasia of the cervix and vagina in diethylstilbestrol (des)-exposed progeny. in 1984, the des-adenosis (desad) project found that the incidence of cervical and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia in des-exposed daughters was twice as high as in a comparison group of unexposed women. this was also associated with a higher rate of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus infection ...19882829071
human papillomavirus. 19872829073
clinical manifestations and natural history of genital human papillomavirus infection.over the past decade, the ever-increasing volume of evidence implicating hpv types in genital neoplasia has stimulated much research interest into all aspects of the biology of this interesting group of viruses. this has led to the identification of an ever-increasing heterogeneity of hpv types. it is not surprising, therefore, that the clinical profile of disease associated with genital hpv types is much broader than previously recognized. knowledge of this clinical spectrum is mandatory to th ...19872829075
genital human papillomavirus infection. a growing concern.hpv infections of the genital tract are one of the most common sexually transmitted viral infections in the united states. data from std clinics and private physicians' offices reveal that genital warts, one manifestation of genital hpv infection, have been diagnosed more frequently in recent years. using a variety of diagnostic techniques, asymptomatic hpv infection has been identified in men and women and is probably much more common than clinically apparent infection.19872829076
tissue effects of and host response to human papillomavirus infection.human papillomaviruses are a heterogeneous group of dna tumor viruses associated with hyperplastic (warts, condylomas), dysplastic (cin and vin), and malignant lesions (carcinomas) of squamous epithelium. each hpv type is preferentially associated with specific clinical lesions and has an anatomic site preference for either cutaneous or mucosal squamous epithelium. infection appears to begin in the basal cells. early gene expression is associated with acanthosis, and late gene expression is asso ...19872829077
cytologic detection of human papillomavirus infection.in recent years there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of human papillomavirus infection of the female genital tract. since the primary diagnosis of this condition is almost invariably based on cytologic observations, the diagnostic criteria are of paramount importance. the diagnosis is usually based on the presence of koilocytes, or balloon cells, and dyskeratotic cells. although these cells remain fundamental to the diagnosis, it is important to recognize other possible cytologic ...19872829079
detection of human papillomavirus infection by nucleic acid hybridization.single-stranded nucleic acid molecules that are complementary to each other will form hybrids under appropriate conditions. hybridization tests make use of this phenomenon and employ labeled molecules called probes to detect specific complementary molecules called targets. nucleic acid hybridization is the most sensitive method for detecting hpv in clinical specimens and the only one capable of identifying specific hpv types. there are many alternative hybridization test formats; most of them us ...19872829080
human papillomavirus infection and anogenital neoplasia: speculations for the future.hpv infections of the female genital tract are common. the association of these viruses with anogenital neoplasia has stimulated efforts to devise practical methods of detection and typing of hpv. although experimental diagnostic tests are available, they are, for the most part, complex and time consuming and are limited to medical centers researching hpv. new methods for preparing probes with higher sensitivities for hybridization tests will allow use of in-situ methods on formalin-fixed tissue ...19872829087
integration and transcription of human papillomavirus type 6 recombinant dna in mouse cells.human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is found in nature mostly in an episomal form. however, in permanent cell lines established from cervical carcinomas in which hpv sequences are present, they are usually integrated in the host genome. in vitro studies of hpv have been hampered because of the difficulty of stably maintaining hpv sequences in transfected cells. we have cloned the entire hpv6 genome into three vectors: pml2, a derivative of pbr322 lacking the "poison sequences"; p142-6, a plasmid cont ...19872829459
[genital papillomavirus lesions. coexistence in sexual partners, role in cancer of the cervix and value of colposcopy].since the human papillomavirus is transmissible sexually, an ever increasing number of male patients is seen in dermatology departments. it therefore seems to be important to evaluate the frequency of hpv-related genital lesions in both males and females. several recent studies have made it clear that concomitant lesions are very often observed in sexual partners. we have tried here to summarize the different data reported in the literature concerning the frequency of hpv lesions and their proba ...19872829688
role of herpes simplex virus type-2 and human papilloma virus in penile cancers in singapore.to detect the presence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) and human papilloma virus (hpv), common structural antigens in penile cancers, 20 squamous cell carcinomas were studied by immunohistochemical methods. all specimens were from singaporeans ranging in age from 44 to 69 years. none of the specimens contained hsv-2 and hpv common structural antigens. the reasons for the absence of hpv common antigen were discussed. the significance of the association of hpv with penile cancers is uncerta ...19872829697
in situ dna hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences in benign oral mucosal lesions.a series of 144 surgically treated benign oral mucosal lesions were analysed using an in situ dna hybridization technique with 35s-labeled human papillomavirus (hpv) dna probes to demonstrate the dna of hpv types 6, 11, 13, and 16, in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. these lesions and an additional 62 benign oral mucosal biopsy specimens (total, 206 specimens) were also assessed by the indirect immunoperoxidase (ip-pap) technique to detect the expression of hpv structural ...19872829754
human papillomavirus (hpv) infections and their associations with squamous cell neoplasia.current data implicating an etiological role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in precancer lesions (intraepithelial neoplasia) and squamous cell carcinoma of both the genital tract and other sites (oral cavity, larynx, skin, esophagus, nasal cavity, bronchus) can be summarized as follows: a) hpv involvement in benign, precancer, and malignant genital squamous cell lesions has been demonstrated by morphological, immunohistochemical and dna hybridization techniques; b) hpv infections in th ...19872829787
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