Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| high-resolution radiation hybrid map of wheat chromosome 1d. | physical mapping methods that do not rely on meiotic recombination are necessary for complex polyploid genomes such as wheat (triticum aestivum l.). this need is due to the uneven distribution of recombination and significant variation in genetic to physical distance ratios. one method that has proven valuable in a number of nonplant and plant systems is radiation hybrid (rh) mapping. this work presents, for the first time, a high-resolution radiation hybrid map of wheat chromosome 1d (d genome) ... | 2006 | 16624903 |
| changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves of different age during de-etiolation and high-light treatment. | the steady-state of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells is controlled by ros-producing and scavenging agents. a large cellular pool of antioxidant metabolites is involved in their control. variations in this antioxidant pool may be monitored by measuring changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity (free radical-quenching activity of water-soluble components) and ascorbic acid levels. the de-etiolation process and induction of light stress in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves wer ... | 2006 | 16628378 |
| effect of plant a-amylase inhibitors on sunn pest, eurygaster integriceps puton (hemiptera: scutelleridae), alpha-amylase activity. | plant-insect interaction is a dynamic system, subjected to continual variation and change. in order to reduce insect attack, plants developed different defence mechanisms including chemical and physical barriers such as the induction of defensive proteins, volatiles that attract predators of the insect herbivores and secondary metabolites. proteinaceous inhibitors of alpha-amylase and proteases are widely distributed in cereals, legumes and some other plants. because of the possible importance o ... | 2005 | 16628930 |
| expression and transport characterisation of the wheat low-affinity cation transporter (lct1) in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | the low-affinity cation transporter (lct1) from wheat (triticum aestivum) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris and its transport characteristics studied employing ca(45) and cd(109). a clone (lct1#3) with the highest uptake of 14pmol of ca/10(6)cells/10min when exposed to 100microm ca(45) was chosen for further ca(45) and cd(109) transport characteristics. we report for the first time a k(m) for ca by lct1 of 0.43+/-0.15mm ca activity which confirms lct1 to be a low affinity ... | 2006 | 16631619 |
| fusarium graminearum-induced changes in gene expression between fusarium head blight-resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars. | fusarium head blight (fhb), primarily caused by fusarium graminearum schw., is a destructive disease of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). although several genes related to fhb resistance have been reported, global analysis of gene expression in response to fhb infection remains to be explored. the expression patterns of transcriptomes from wheat spikes of fhb-resistant cultivar ning 7840 and susceptible cultivar clark were monitored during a period of 72 h after inoculation (hai) with f. graminearum ... | 2007 | 16636822 |
| development of a high-throughput purification method and a continuous assay system for chlorophyllase. | in the degradation of chlorophyll, chlorophyllase catalyzes the initial hydrolysis of the phytol moiety from the pigment. since chlorophyll degradation is a defining feature of plant senescence, compounds inhibiting chlorophyllase activity may delay senescence, thereby improving shelf life and appearance of plant products. here we describe the development of a 96-well plate-based purification and assay system for measuring chlorophyllase activity. integrated lysis and immobilized metal affinity ... | 2006 | 16643837 |
| a chemical extraction method for mimicking bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to wheat grown in soils containing various amounts of organic matter. | in this study, we have evaluated the extent to which organic matter contents in soils influence the accumulation of pahs by the roots of wheat plants and have developed a rapid chemical method for determining the bioavailability of pah. four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, and phenanthrene, were added to natural soil samples with different amounts of organic matterfor pot experiments to evaluate apparent bioavailability of pahs to wheat roots (trit ... | 2006 | 16646456 |
| the genotoxic effects of logran on hordeum vulgare l. and triticum aestivum l. | in the present study, the cytogenetic effects of the herbicide logran on root tip cells of triticurn aestivum l. and hordeum vulgare l. and changes of total protein content in root tip meristems were studied. the seeds of plants were treated with various concentrations of logran (125, 250, 500 microg/ml) for 3 and 6 h. the percentages of abnormal cells were seen to increase with increasing treatment period and concentrations. the most dominant types of observed abnormalities were c-mitosis, dist ... | 2006 | 16646526 |
| [genetic control of effective juvenile resistance to leaf rust in collection accessions of triticum aestivum l]. | of 153 accessions reported to be resistant to leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex. desm.), only 70 were not affected by a pooled p. recondita population. according to phytopathological tests (inoculation with test clones), 14 accessions contained the lr19 gene; 36, the lr24 gene; 1, the lr41 gene; and 19 presumably had the lr9 gene. the presence of these resistance genes was confirmed by hybrid analysis for 26 accessions. of 28 accessions reported to carry new effective resistance genes other ... | 2006 | 16649664 |
| high-speed counter-current chromatography for the study of defense metabolites in wheat. characterization of 5,6-o-methyl trans-aconitic acid. | high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) methods were developed for the study of induced defense metabolites in wheat (triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). a single hsccc purification step afforded extraction of mg-quantities of an induced compound with antifungal activity. subsequent lc-ms and nmr analyses have led to the characterization of 5,6-o-methyl trans-aconitic acid, the first such report of this compound in a plant species. the inducibl ... | 2006 | 16650851 |
| purification and characterization of wheat beta(2-->1) fructan:fructan fructosyl transferase activity. | fructans are the major storage carbohydrate in vegetative tissues of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). fructan:fructan fructosyl transferase (fft) catalyzes fructosyl transfer between fructan molecules to elongate the fructan chain. the objective of this research was to isolate this activity in wheat. wheat (cv caldwell) plants grown at 25 degrees c for 3 weeks were transferred to 10 degrees c to induce fructan synthesis. from the leaf blades kept at 10 degrees c for 4 days, fructosyl transferase ac ... | 1992 | 16652946 |
| operationally defined apoplastic and symplastic aluminum fractions in root tips of aluminum-intoxicated wheat. | knowledge of the mechanistic basis of differential aluminum (al) tolerance depends, in part, on an improved ability to quantify al located in the apoplastic and symplastic compartments of the root apex. using root tips excised from seedlings of an al-tolerant wheat cultivar (triticum aestivum l. cv yecora rojo) grown in al solutions for 2 d, we established an operationally defined apoplastic al fraction determined with six sequential 30-min washes using 5 mm cacl(2) (ph 4.3). soluble symplastic ... | 1992 | 16652962 |
| nitrate activation of cytosolic protein kinases diverts photosynthetic carbon from sucrose to amino acid biosynthesis: basis for a new concept. | the regulation of carbon partitioning between carbohydrates (principally sucrose) and amino acids has been only poorly characterized in higher plants. the hypothesis that the pathway of sucrose and amino acid biosynthesis compete for carbon skeletons and energy is widely accepted. in this review, we suggest a mechanism involving the regulation of cytosolic protein kinases whereby the flow of carbon is regulated at the level of partitioning between the pathways of carbohydrate and nitrogen metabo ... | 1992 | 16653003 |
| lack of types 1 and 2a protein serine(p)/threonine(p) phosphatase activities in chloroplasts. | protein phosphatase activity in crude leaf extracts and in purified intact chloroplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum) and pea (pisum sativum) was analyzed using exogenously supplied phosphoproteins or endogenous thylakoid proteins. leaf extracts contain readily detectable amounts of protein phosphatase activity measured with either phosphohistone or phosphorylase a, substrates of mammalian protein phosphatases. no significant chloroplast protein phosphatase activity was detected using these exoge ... | 1992 | 16653037 |
| blue light activates a specific protein kinase in higher plants. | blue light mediates the phosphorylation of a membrane protein in seedlings from several plant species. when crude microsomal membrane proteins from dark-grown pea (pisum sativum l.), sunflower (helianthus annuus l.), zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.), arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana l.), or tomato (lycopersicon esculentum l.) stem segments, or from maize (zea mays l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oat (avena sativa l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or sorghum (sorghum bicolor l.) coleoptiles are i ... | 1992 | 16653043 |
| effects of water-deficit stress on photosynthesis, its components and component limitations, and on water use efficiency in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | it is of theoretical as well as practical interest to identify the components of the photosynthetic machinery that govern variability in photosynthesis rate (a) and water-use efficiency (wue), and to define the extent by which the component processes limit a and wue during developing water-deficit stress. for that purpose, leaf exchange of co(2) and h(2)o was determined in two growth-chamber-grown wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l. cv tam w-101 and cv sturdy), and the capacity of a was determ ... | 1992 | 16653053 |
| cytochrome p-450-dependent hydroxylation of lauric acid at the subterminal position and oxidation of unsaturated analogs in wheat microsomes. | microsomes from etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv etoile de choisy) shoots catalyzed the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent hydroxylation of lauric acid predominantly at the subterminal or (omega-1) position (65%). minor amounts of 10-hydroxy- (31%) and 9-hydroxylaurate (4%) were also formed. the reaction was catalyzed by cytochrome p-450, since enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by tetcyclacis, carbon monoxide, and antibodies against nadph-cytochrome c (p-4 ... | 1992 | 16653069 |
| aryl hydroxylation of the herbicide diclofop by a wheat cytochrome p-450 monooxygenase : substrate specificity and physiological activity. | wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv etoile de choisy) microsomes catalyzed the cytochrome p-450-dependent oxidation of the herbicide diclofop to three hydroxy-diclofop isomers. hydroxylation was predominant at carbon 4, with migration of chlorine to carbon 5 (67%) and carbon 3 (25%). the 2,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy isomer was identified as a minor reaction product (8%). substrate-specificity studies showed that the activity was not inhibited or was weakly inhibited by a range of xenobiotic or physiologica ... | 1992 | 16653070 |
| tolerance to imidazolinone herbicides in wheat. | an imidazolinone-tolerant wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) mutant in the winter wheat cultivar fidel has been identified and characterized. the mutant was isolated from a population derived through seed mutagenesis of the variety with an aqueous solution containing sodium azide. imidazolinone-tolerant wheat seedlings were selected from the m(2) generation of the population in the presence of imazethapyr herbicide and identified as herbicide-insensitive individuals. the trait is inherited as ... | 1992 | 16653071 |
| characterization of a cold-regulated wheat gene related to arabidopsis cor47. | the cdna clone pwg1 represents a gene, designated cor39, from triticum aestivum l. cv winoka (a winter wheat) that is related to a cold-regulated arabidopsis thaliana l. (heyn) gene, cor47. in vitro transcription/translation experiments in conjunction with dna sequence analysis indicated that cor39 encodes a hydrophilic polypeptide of 39 kd (isoelectric point of 7.5), designated cor39. the polypeptide is composed primarily of two sequences, each of which is repeated six times. one sequence, whic ... | 1992 | 16653076 |
| analysis of light-induced depressions of photosynthesis in leaves of a wheat crop during the winter. | the photosynthetic performances of individual leaves of a wheat (triticum aestivum cv bezostaya) crop were assessed daily and throughout individual days during the winter when temperature and light levels were fluctuating. measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence induction and the maximum quantum yield of o(2) evolution were made on individual leaves. depressions in the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence (f(v)/f(m)) were correlated with low temperatures and high light levels throughout th ... | 1992 | 16653108 |
| effect of cold hardening on sensitivity of winter and spring wheat leaves to short-term photoinhibition and recovery of photosynthesis. | photoinhibition of photosynthesis and its recovery were studied in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves grown at nonhardening (20 degrees c) and cold-hardening (5 degrees c) temperatures. cold-hardened wheat leaves were less susceptible to photoinhibition at 5 degrees c than nonhardened leaves, and the winter cultivars, kharkov and monopol, were less susceptible than the spring cultivar, glenlea. the presence of chloramphenicol, a chloroplastic protein synthesis inhibitor, increased the susceptib ... | 1992 | 16653118 |
| polyphosphoinositide phospholipase c in plasma membranes of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) : orientation of active site and activation by ca and mg. | polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase c activity was present in plasma membranes isolated from different tissues of several higher plants. phospholipase c activities against added phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (pip) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip(2)) were further characterized in plasma membrane fractions isolated from shoots and roots of dark-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv drabant) seedlings. in right-side-out (70-80% apoplastic side out) plasma membrane vesicles, ... | 1992 | 16653120 |
| coordinate gene response to salt stress in lophopyrum elongatum. | lophopyrum elongatum is a highly salt-tolerant relative of wheat. a previous study showed that the abundance of a number of mrna species is enhanced or reduced in the roots of the l. elongatum x triticum aestivum amphiploid by salt stress. eleven genes with enhanced expression in the roots of salt-stressed l. elongatum plants have been cloned as cdnas. the clones were used as probes to characterize temporal expression of these genes in roots after initiation of salt (250 mm nacl) stress. all 11 ... | 1992 | 16653133 |
| endogenous rhythmicity of ethylene production in growing intact cereal seedlings. | ethylene evolution from etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare), wheat (triticum aestivum), and rye (secale cereale) seedlings during coleoptile growth followed a rhythmic pattern, with a period of about 16 h for barley and wheat and 12 h for rye seedlings. leaf emergence disturbed the established rhythm of ethylene evolution. | 1992 | 16653134 |
| turnover of soluble proteins in the wheat sieve tube. | although the enucleate conducting cells of the phloem are incapable of protein synthesis, phloem exudates characteristically contain low concentrations of soluble proteins. the role of these proteins and their movement into and out of the sieve tubes poses important questions for phloem physiology and for cell-to-cell protein movement via plasmodesmata. the occurrence of protein turnover in sieve tubes was investigated by [(35)s]methionine labeling and by the use of aphid stylets to sample the s ... | 1992 | 16653142 |
| evidence against the regulation of grain set by spikelet abscisic acid levels in water-stressed wheat. | a possible role of abscisic acid (aba) in the regulation of grain set in water-stressed wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was investigated using a split root system to dry half the roots while the remainder were kept watered. water uptake by the wet roots maintained the leaf water potential at the normal level, whereas the aba produced in the dry roots was transported to the spike. this caused the spikelet aba level to increase to the same extent as when the entire root system was stressed to permit ... | 1992 | 16653167 |
| distinctive responses of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and carbonic anhydrase in wheat leaves to nitrogen nutrition and their possible relationships to co(2)-transfer resistance. | the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), total chlorophyll (chl), and total leaf nitrogen were measured in fully expanded, young leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), spinach (spinacia oleracea l.), bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), and pea (pisum sativum l.). in addition, the activities of whole-chain electron transport and carbonic anhydrase were measured. all plants were grown hydroponically at different nitrogen concentrations. although ... | 1992 | 16653191 |
| identification of embryoid-abundant genes that are temporally expressed during pollen embryogenesis in wheat anther cultures. | uninucleate microspores in anther cultures of bread wheat (triticum aestivum cv pavon) are capable of producing haploid pollen embryoids and plants. to gain an understanding of this alternate pathway of pollen development, we constructed a cdna library to young pollen embryoids, isolated embryoid-specific genes, and analyzed their expression patterns during morphogenesis. two embryoid-abundant clones, pemb4 and 94, were expressed very early during culture, suggesting that these genes are associa ... | 1992 | 16653192 |
| species-dependent variation in the interaction of substrate-bound ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and rubisco activase. | purified spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase supported 50 to 100% activation of substrate-bound rubisco from spinach, barley, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), soybean (glycine max l.), pea (pisum sativum l.), arabidopsis thaliana, maize (zea mays l.), and chlamydomonas reinhardtii but supported only 10 to 35% activation of rubisco from three solanaceae species, tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), petunia (petu ... | 1992 | 16653209 |
| phenotypic analysis of a dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with altered phytochrome-mediated growth responses. | the influence of the amount of red light relative to far red light (red/far red ratio) on leaf-sheath elongation, leaf length, tillering, assimilate partitioning to shoots and roots, and chlorophyll content in a dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv tibet dwarf) and seven other dwarf and standard cultivars was determined. all cultivars tested showed far red-stimulated leaf and leaf-sheath elongation except tibet dwarf. tibet dwarf was also unresponsive to a brief end-of-day exposure to far red li ... | 1992 | 16653215 |
| short-term experiments on ion transport by seedlings and excised roots : technique and validity. | the absorption of k(+) by excised roots of barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv california mariout) has been systematically compared with that of entire, undisturbed seedlings. some experiments have also been done with wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and an amphiploid obtained from a cross between it and salt-tolerant tall wheatgrass (lophopyrum elongatum host löve [syn. agropyron elongatum host]). for all three genotypes, the rate of k(+) absorption measured in a 20-min period was identical for entire 8- ... | 1992 | 16653217 |
| the effect of sodium trichloroacetate upon the metabolism of wheat seedlings (triticum vulgare l.). | 1953 | 16654559 | |
| metabolic changes associated with vernalization of wheat. i. carbohydrate and nitrogen patterns. | a spring wheat (triticum aestivum) and an obligate winter wheat (triticum compactum) variety were each grown for 5 weeks in controlled environments at 2 degrees and 25 degrees . the threshold for flower induction in the winter wheat was 4 to 5 weeks at 2 degrees , whereas the spring wheat had no low temperature requirement for flowering. changes in the levels of carbohydrate and nitrogen fractions in the wheat leaves were determined during their growth in the cold and warm environments. there wa ... | 1966 | 16656251 |
| effect of oxygen on photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration in detached leaves. ii. corn and other monocotyledons. | the effect of o(2) on the co(2) exchange of detached leaves of corn (zea mays), wheat (triticum vulgare), oats (avena sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), timothy (phleum pratense) and cat-tail (typha angustifolia) was measured with a clark oxygen electrode and infrared carbon dioxide analysers in both open and closed systems.corn leaves did not produce co(2) in the light at any o(2) concentration, as was shown by the zero co(2) compensation point and the absence of a co(2) burst in the first minu ... | 1966 | 16656272 |
| orientation of wheat seedling organs in relation to gravity. | seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were grown in special holders that permitted the coleoptile and early roots to develop in moist air. the orientation of the organs of seedlings erect to gravity was compared with that of organs produced on a horizontal clinostat. orientation was described by the angular position of each organ tip with reference to the axis of the embryo. comparative tests were also made with barley, rye, and oat seedlings.the coleoptile of all species developed curvature ... | 1966 | 16656349 |
| rotation axes for analysis of gravity effects on plant organs. | epinastic curvatures of branches of coleus blumei benth. and the growth pattern of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings on clinostats were used for bioassay of rotation methods for preventing growth responses to gravity. tumbling a plant end over end was found to be just as effective as rotation about its horizontal axis. the results support the reliability of data from experiments in which an entire plant is rotated about a single horizontal line with only part or none of its immature tissues ... | 1967 | 16656585 |
| atrazine metabolism and herbicidal selectivity. | metabolism of the herbicide 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine) was investigated in resistant corn (zea mays l.) and sorghum (sorghum vulgare pers.), intermediately susceptible pea (pisum sativum l.), and highly susceptible wheat (triticum vulgare vill.) and soybean (glycine max merril.). this study revealed that 2 possible pathways for atrazine metabolism exist in higher plants. all species studied were able to metabolize atrazine initially by n-dealkylation of either o ... | 1967 | 16656648 |
| carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during germination of uredospores of puccinia graminis tritici. | uredospores of puccinia graminis (pers.) tritici (eriks. and henn.) were uniformly labeled with (14)c by permitting the host (triticum aestivum l.) to carry out photosynthesis in (14)co(2) during the process of spore production by the obligate parasite. the use of (14)c labeled spores provided advantages in a study of the utilization of endogenous substrates at frequent intervals with small amounts of spores under conditions conducive to germination.because of previous uncertainties about the na ... | 1967 | 16656698 |
| studies on the ribonucleic acid from wheat leaves and chloroplasts. | the chloroplast, leaf ribosomal, and leaf total rna from seedlings of 2 varieties of triticum durum and 3 varieties of triticum vulgare were compared. for a given rna preparation the major nucleotide composition was the same for all varieties. irrespective of the variety, the chloroplast total rna had a higher cytidylic and a lower adenylic acid content than the leaf ribosomal rna, whereas, the guanylic and uridylic acid content of all rna preparations was essentially the same. pseudouridylic ac ... | 1968 | 16656756 |
| evidence for a role of calcium in nitrate assimilation in wheat seedlings. | severely ca-deficient triticum aestivum l. seedlings accumulated high levels of nitrite and moderate levels of nitrate and organic nitrogen, but contained unaltered levels of hydroxylamine. nitrite accumulation was not related to molybdenum deficiency, or altered cellular ph. nitrate reductase was decreased by ca deficiency, apparently by repression of enzyme synthesis from accumulated nitrite and not by inhibition of enzyme activity. nitrite reductase and nadp diaphorase activities were not aff ... | 1968 | 16656839 |
| nitrogen assimilation and protein synthesis in wheat seedlings as affected by mineral nutrition. i. macronutrients. | deficiencies of each macronutrient (n, p, k, ca. mg, s, and fe) decreased the specific activity of nitrate reductase from triticum aestivum l. seedlings. nitrate content was decreased by n, p, k, ca, and mg deficiencies and unaffected by s and fe deficiencies. glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was decreased by n, p, and s deficiencies, unchanged by k deficiency, and increased by ca, mg, and fe deficiencies. glutamine synthetase activity closely paralleled nitrate reductase activity and was de ... | 1969 | 16657034 |
| nitrogen assimilation and protein synthesis in wheat seedlings as affected by mineral nutrition. ii. micronutrients. | activity of nitrate reductase from triticum aestivum l. seedlings was decreased by deficiencies of molybdenum, zinc, and chlorine. nitrate accumulated in molybdenum-deficient seedlings, declined in zinc-deficient seedlings, and was unaffected by the other micronutrient treatments. glutamic acid dehydrogenase activity was decreased by deficiency of molybdenum, the only nutrient that affected the enzyme. glutamine synthetase activity was decreased only by copper deficiency, and glutamic-oxaloaceti ... | 1969 | 16657114 |
| a survey of the sequence of some effects of gibberellic acid in the metabolism of cereal grains. | the sequence in which a variety of enzymes and metabolites are affected by gibberellic acid after application of the hormone to aleurone layers of half seeds of barley (hordeum vulgare var. betzes) and half seeds of wheat (triticum aestivum var. gensee) was investigated. with barley aleurone layers the first hormonal effect observed was the increased secretion of soluble carbohydrate, some of which appears to be a glucan containing some beta-1,3 linkages. this was followed by increased oxygen co ... | 1969 | 16657195 |
| the control of growth habit of marquillo x kenya farmer wheat dwarf i by temperature. | the marquillo x kenya farmer 1 "grass-clump" dwarf selection of triticum aestivum l. was grown under continuous 2000 foot candle light and several regimes of alternating 16 degrees and 26 degrees temperatures combined in total cycle lengths of 6, 12, 24, or 48 hr. plants at 26 degrees grew as normal wheat. those exposed to 0.25 to 2 hr of 16 degrees per cycle showed typical "grass-clump" dwarf characteristics which were independent of the cycle length. treatments with 16 degrees exposures of 4 t ... | 1969 | 16657260 |
| the role of phytic acid in the wheat grain. | the concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and phytic acid in testa, embryo plus scutellum, aleurone, and endosperm fractions from grain of triticum vulgare cv. insignia have been determined during development under both normal conditions and those of water stress. phytic acid was not detected in the endosperm. in the embryo plus scutellum and aleurone fractions there was a rapid build-up of phytic acid, but the adenosine triphosphate level did not change markedly at this time. these results a ... | 1970 | 16657322 |
| choice of rotation rate for the horizontal clinostat. | a series of nine rates of rotation of the clinostat were tested to determine optimal and acceptable conditions for simulating weightlessness in plants. young seedlings of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) developed roots and coleoptiles of equal lengths and with the same orientation angles over a range of rotation rates from 0.25 to 480 minutes per revolution. rates from 0.25 to 3 minutes per revolution provided for maximal epinastic curvatures of leaves and branches of coleus blumei benth. except fo ... | 1970 | 16657466 |
| hydroperoxide isomerase: a new enzyme of lipid metabolism. | an enzyme has been isolated from flaxseed (linum usitatissimum) which utilizes the product of lipoxidase for its substrate. the enzyme, termed hydroperoxide isomerase, converts the conjugated diene hydroperoxide of linoleic acid to the corresponding monoenoic ketohydroxy fatty acid. the structure of the latter has been determined by ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; periodate and permangate oxidation; gas chromatography; and thin layer chromatography. hydroperox ... | 1970 | 16657484 |
| metabolic changes in partially dormant wheat seeds during storage. | changes in germination, seedling growth, respiration, response to applied gibberellic acid, and glucose-u-(14)c utilization were investigated in partially dormant wheat (triticum aestivum l., pa 151 x 107) seeds which were stored under various conditions for periods up to 1 year. only seeds stored at -20 c and 12.4% moisture maintained partial dormancy, which was overcome by germinating in 10(-3)m gibberellic acid. germination and seedling growth of seeds stored at 25 c and 15.1% moisture declin ... | 1970 | 16657513 |
| mechanism for the differential translocation of amiben in plants. | the proportion of the total plant radioactivity present in shoots at the end of a 24-hour exposure of the roots to 0.5 milligram per liter (14)c-3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid ((14)c-amiben) ranged from 1.4 to 74.3% in 13 species. when roots of 10-day-old wheat (triticum aestivum l. em. thell., triumph) and 13-day-old barnyard grass (echinochloa crusgalli l. beauv.) plants were treated with 0.5 milligram per liter (14)c-amiben for 12 or 24 hours, barnyard grass shoots contained at least eight ... | 1970 | 16657538 |
| inhibition of carotenoid synthesis as a mechanism of action of amitrole, dichlormate, and pyriclor. | amitrole (3-amino-s-triazole), dichlormate (3,4-dichlorobenzyl methylcarbamate), and pyriclor (2,3,5-trichloro-4-pyridinol) inhibited normal carotenogenesis in etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. coker 65-20) seedlings. carotenoid precursors accumulated in treated plants. in dichlormate-treated plants, zeta-carotene accumulated, whereas phytofluene, phytoene, and zeta-carotene accumulated in amitrole- and pyriclor-treated plants. none of the herbicides interfered with protochlorophyllide ... | 1971 | 16657570 |
| effect of indoleacetic acid and hydroxyproline on isoenzymes of peroxidase in wheat coleoptiles. | indoleacetic acid at 0.017 millimolar inhibited the formation of three peroxidase isoenzymes in both soluble and wall-bound enzyme fractions of wheat coleoptile (triticum vulgare) tissue. hydroxyproline at 1 millimolar prevented the indoleacetic acid-induced inhibition. indoleacetic acid oxidase activity in the soluble fraction was decreased by indoleacetic acid and was restored by hydroxyproline. most of the indoleacetic acid oxidase activity was located in the electrophoretic zones occupied by ... | 1971 | 16657587 |
| developmental changes in ribosomal ribonucleic acid and fraction i protein in wheat leaves. | in light-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings, the amount of chloroplast and cytoplasmic ribosomal rna increased to a maximum in the first leaf near the end of its growth and declined by about 60% in the following 3 days. while total ribosomal rna was declining, labeled uracil was still incorporated into cytoplasmic ribosomal rna, but the rate of incorporation into chloroplast ribosomal rna fell by more than 80%, as did the incorporation of labeled leucine into fraction i protein. either ... | 1971 | 16657594 |
| effects of seselin and coumarin on growth, indoleacetic acid oxidase, and peroxidase, with special reference to cucumber (cucumis sativa l.) radicles. | seselin, a natural coumarin derivative isolated from citrus roots, inhibited radicle growth in seedlings of cucumber (cucumis sativa), lettuce (lactuca sativum), radish (raphanus sativus), and wheat (triticum aestivum) grown in the dark. coumarin similarly inhibited radicle growth of cucumber seedlings. growth retardation of the cucumber radicles was accompanied by an increased activity of peroxidase and indole-3-acetic acid oxidase. both compounds antagonized indole-3-acetic acid-induced growth ... | 1971 | 16657614 |
| phytochrome-controlled leaf unrolling and protein synthesis. | in the primary leaf sections of etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings, red light-induced unrolling is accompanied by an increase in incorporation of (14)c-leucine into protein. by differential centrifugation, the unrolling response was found to be closely related to incorporation of the amino acid into the supernatant fraction (105,000g). cycloheximide and chloramphenicol inhibit both leaf unrolling and synthesis of the supernatant protein, although chloramphenicol exerts its effect m ... | 1971 | 16657621 |
| glucose metabolism of embryos and endosperms from deteriorating barley and wheat seeds. | changes in glucose utilization into co(2) and ethanol-insoluble material were followed in whole seeds, embryos, and endosperms of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) which had reached different levels of deterioration through accelerated aging treatments. excised embryos from deteriorated wheat seeds had reduced respiration and glucose utilization into ethanol-insoluble material but not into co(2). these treatments had no effect on respiration of excised endosperms, alth ... | 1971 | 16657779 |
| the role of peroxidase isozymes in resistance to wheat stem rust disease. | in common with other disease situations, rust-resistant wheat leaves show a large increase in peroxidase activity during infection. peroxidase isozymes from healthy or infected lines of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) near isogenic for resistance and susceptibility to race 56 of puccinia graminis tritici were separated by gel electrophoresis and the activity of each was estimated by photometric scanning. in order to ensure that the activity of isozymes observed on gels reflected the changes found i ... | 1971 | 16657797 |
| onset of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in germinating wheat embryos. | germinating wheat embryos (triticum vulgare var. florence) synthesize proteins before the onset of dna synthesis. the onset of dna replication occurs at about 15 hours of germination and was shown to depend on proteins synthesized before 9 hours of germination with the use of blasticidin s, a specific inhibitor of protein synthesis. a 10-fold increase in the activity of dna-dependent dna polymerase was found in extracts derived from germinated embryos, as compared to the activity found in extrac ... | 1972 | 16657890 |
| developmental studies on microbodies in wheat leaves : ii. ontogeny of particulate enzyme associations. | crude particulate fractions from wheat leaves (triticum vulgare l.) were separated on continuous sucrose density gradients, resulting in: broken chloroplasts, a mitochondrial fraction (indicated by cytochrome c oxidase), and microbodies. the visible band of the microbody fraction from adult leaves appears at a buoyant density of 1.25 grams per cm(3) and contains most of the activities of catalase, glycolate oxidase, and hydroxypyruvate reductase on the gradient. in the shoots of freshly soaked s ... | 1972 | 16657893 |
| anion absorption by etiolated wheat leaves after vacuum infiltration. | chloride and phosphate uptake by leaf segments of green and etiolated 7-day-old seedlings of triticum aestivum l. cultivar capelle is enhanced by light. in the range from 1.0 to 10 millimolar kcl, maximal rates of uptake were obtained with 1.5-millimeter segments. above 1.5 millimeters, ion diffusion through the cut edge was the rate-limiting factor, uptake being proportional to the amount of cut edge, but vacuum infiltration of the tissue overcame this limitation, allowing uptake to be independ ... | 1972 | 16657949 |
| the levels of soluble nucleotides in wheat aleurone tissue. | the content of soluble nucleotides in aleurone layers isolated from mature wheat (triticum aestivum var. olympic) grain was investigated. the most abundant nucleotides were adenosine triphosphate, uridine triphosphate, and uridine diphosphoglucose. smaller amounts of guanosine triphosphate, cytidine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were also identified. the levels of some of these nucleotides were increased after incubation of the tissue under certain co ... | 1972 | 16657969 |
| the metabolism of soluble nucleotides in wheat aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid. | the metabolism of soluble nucleotides was investigated in wheat (triticum aestivum var. olympic) aleurone layers treated with gibberellic acid. whereas nucleotide levels were relatively unaffected by the treatment, a transient increase was observed in the incorporation of (32)p. the effect was maximal 30 to 60 minutes after gibberellic acid was administered, and by 180 minutes incorporation was lower than in the control. the greatest changes were detected in the nucleoside triphosphates, particu ... | 1972 | 16657970 |
| auxin activity of 3-methyleneoxindole in wheat. | a product of the enzymatic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid, 3-methyleneoxindole, is at least 50-fold more effective than indole-3-acetic acid in stimulating the growth of wheat (triticum vulgare, red variety) coleoptiles. ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid can antagonize the growth-stimulating properties of the parent compound, indole-3-acetic acid, presumably by chelating mn(2+), which is required for the enzymatic oxidation of indole-3-acetic acid. the growth stimulating effect of 3-methyleneo ... | 1972 | 16658204 |
| enzymatic dehydration of 3-hydroxymethyloxindole. | crude and partially purified extracts of wheat (triticum vulgare, red variety) germ catalyze the dehydration of 3-hydroxymethyloxindole to 3-methyleneoxindole. examination of the ultraviolet absorption spectrum of a reaction mixture consisting of either the extract or partially purified enzyme and 3-hydroxymethyloxindole, shows that this oxindole has undergone complete dehydration to 3-methyleneoxindole. tpnh-linked 3-methyleneoxindole reductase, also a constituent of the wheat germ extract, can ... | 1972 | 16658205 |
| endosperm protein of wheat seed as a determinant of seedling growth. | seed of a mexican semidwarf wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. inia 66), was obtained from a nitrogen fertilizer field trial grown in mexico. a high positive correlation was obtained between seed protein content and seedling dry weight after 3 weeks growth (r = +0.92(**)). the seedling dry weight was positively related to the protein content of the aleurone layer and endosperm, but not to the embryo. small, 35 milligrams, high protein seeds (4.7 milligrams protein per seed) produced larger seedling ... | 1973 | 16658296 |
| changes in phospholipid composition of a winter wheat cultivar during germination at 2 c and 24 c. | evaluation of various solvent systems for lipid extraction of wheat triticum aestivum l. cv. rideau seeds showed that boiling 2-propanol followed by the bligh-dyer procedure was the most efficient method, with respect to lipid yield and ability to inactivate lipolytic enzymes. ten phospholipids were identified in dry seeds; the major components being phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, n-acyl lysophosphatidyl-ethanolamine, n-acylphosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylethanolamine. a ... | 1973 | 16658353 |
| isocitrate lyase in green leaves. | isocitrate lyase (ec 4.1.3.1) has been demonstrated in crude dialyzed extracts of healthy spinach (spinacia oleracea) leaves from commercial sources and wheat (triticum aestivum) and maize (zea mays) leaves stored in darkness in the cold room for 1 week. the products of the reaction were identified as glyoxylate and succinate, the former by its phenylhydrazone, and the latter traced by isotopic labeling and cochromatography. fresh spinach extracts contain a mixture of at least two endogenous inh ... | 1973 | 16658428 |
| an arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid protein transferase from cereal embryos. | embryos from rice (oryza sativa l. var. bluebonnet) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contain an aminoacyl-trna protein transferase which transfers arginine from arginyl-trna to the n terminus of a protein acceptor. the activity was measured in vitro in a reaction mixture containing embryo supernatant fraction, buffer, sulfhydryl reagent, and arginyl-trna. it was not dependent on the usual cofactors for ribosomal protein synthesis, nor was it sensitive to cycloheximide or puromycin. however, the ... | 1973 | 16658490 |
| growth of plants in solution culture containing low levels of chromium. | chromium was not required for normal growth of romaine lettuce (lactuca sativa l. subsp. longifolia), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), or bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in solution culture containing 3.8 x 10(-4) mum cr. plants grown on this purified nutrient solution contained an average of 22 ng cr/g dry weight. duckweed (lemna sp.) grew and reproduced normally on a dilute nutrient solution containing 3.8 x 10(-5) mum cr. | 1973 | 16658503 |
| influence of temperature on sterol biosynthesis in triticum aestivum. | sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and cholesterol were isolated from green wheat (triticium aestivum var. monon) seedlings. sitosterol was the predominant sterol extracted from the shoot, root, and crown tissue. cholesterol accounted for less that 1% of sterol in shoot tissue with only trace amounts in the root. a temperature change from 10 to 1 c resulted in a general decrease in sitosterol, stigmasterol, and campesterol in the shoot tissue. the cholesterol level was not altered significan ... | 1973 | 16658556 |
| the effect of an oxygen-free atmosphere on net photosynthesis and transpiration of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves. | stomata of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves failed to open in the light and close in the dark or respond to changes in the co(2) concentration of the atmosphere in either light or dark when the leaves were in an o(2)-free atmosphere. in contrast, the expected responses to environmental changes were found in atmospheres containing 1.5% o(2). it appears that o(2) is necessary for both opening and closing of wheat and barley stomata. | 1973 | 16658613 |
| structural and functional responses of wheat mitochondrial membranes to growth at low temperatures. | the responses in membrane lipid composition, structure, and function of four cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to growth at low temperature have been investigated. marked growth temperature-dependent alterations in the fatty acid composition and unsaturation of the mitochondrial phospholipids correlate with changes in respiratory activity in all the varieties. parameters such as the respiratory control ratio and the phosphorylative efficiency decrease in cold-adapted seedlings. three tem ... | 1974 | 16658718 |
| comparison of plant cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the electrophoretic mobilities of the cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins of several species of plants were compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis. the total number of proteins as well as the number of acidic and basic proteins in individual species varied markedly. of the species examined, triticum aestivum had the highest number of basic cytoplasmic ribosomal proteins and hordeum vulgare had less than half as many. however, marked similarities were noted in the electrophoretic mobilities of ... | 1974 | 16658737 |
| studies on the respiratory properties of mitochondria isolated from developing winter wheat seedlings. | mitochondria isolated from shoots of 2 days, light- and dark-grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. rideau) seedlings oxidize alpha-ketoglutarate and l-malate with good respiratory control and adp: o ratios. the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, and respiratory control are both reduced significantly when succinate or nadh is employed as substrate. respiratory control values and adp: o ratios show a general decline in mitochondria from seedlings of increasing age, whether grown in li ... | 1974 | 16658761 |
| phenolic acids in wheat coleoptile cell walls. | the phenolic constituent of nonvascular cell walls of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) coleoptiles, which yields vanillin upon nitrobenzene oxidation, is not lignin as i previously claimed. it seems to be mainly ferulic acid bonded to carbohydrate, probably by an ester linkage. the acid is associated with a fraction of the wall rich in arabinose and xylose, although it is not known whether it is esterified directly with these pentose residues. the phenolic-carbohydrate complex is released by cellula ... | 1974 | 16658778 |
| rapid increase in adenosine 5'-triphosphate during early wheat embryo germination. | the atp content of isolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. var. polk) embryos increases 5-fold during the first 30 minutes and 10-fold during the first hour of germination to 80% of maximum. the atp level remains at approximately 800 nanomoles per gram of tissue during the next 15 hours. adp, amp, and total adenosine phosphates decrease between 1 and 6.5 hours, while adenylate energy charge increases from 0.6 to 0.8 and remains constant. the rapid increase in atp during imbibition is consistent wit ... | 1974 | 16658790 |
| iron requirement and iron uptake from various iron compounds by different plant species. | the fe requirements of four monocotyledonous plant species (avena sativa l., triticum aestivum l., oryza sativa l., zea mays l.) and of three dicotyledonous species (lycopersicum esculentum mill., cucumis sativus l., glycine maxima (l.) merr.) in hydroponic cultures were ascertained. fe was given as nafe-eddha chelate (fe ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetate). i found that the monocotyledonous species required a substantially higher fe concentration in the nutrient solution in order to att ... | 1974 | 16658933 |
| interference in carotenogenesis as a mechanism of action of the pyridazinone herbicide sandoz 6706: accumulation of c-40 carotenoid precursors inhibition of beta-carotene synthesis and enhancement of phytoene epoxidation. | the herbicide sandoz 6706 (4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-alpha,alpha,alpha, (trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2h)-pyridazinone), when applied as a preplant soil treatment at a concentration of 0.05 mug/g reduced the content of beta-carotene and chlorophylls in 21-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.) by 55% and 29%, respectively, without affecting the fresh or dry matter of the seedlings. at 0.8 mug/g, the herbicide reduced the content of beta-carotene and chlorophyll by as much as 98%, while the fr ... | 1974 | 16659000 |
| the effect of nucleotides and inhibitors on respiration in isolated wheat mitochondria. | the effect of mono-, di-, and trinucleoside phosphates and respiratory inhibitors on respiration in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. rideau) mitochondria has been examined. when added during state 4 respiration, subsequent to addition of adp, all of the dinucleotides stimulated oxidation and induced respiratory control with all substrates examined. similar results were obtained with amp, but other mononucleotides and all trinucleotides did not affect the rate of oxidation. nucleoside dipho ... | 1975 | 16659027 |
| stimulation of phospholipid biosynthesis during frost hardening of winter wheat. | lipids were labeled with (33)p during frost hardening of two varieties of winter wheat (triticum aestivum), hardy kharkov and much less hardy champlein. the main labeled compounds were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylglycerol. with time of incorporation the proportion of the radioactivity incorporated into the lipids increased in phosphatidylcholine, especially in kharkov and at 1 c. during hardening, phospholipid synthesis was greatly stimula ... | 1975 | 16659082 |
| de novo biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase during wheat embryo germination. | an 8-fold enhancement in the activity of a dna-dependent dna polymerase was found in extracts from germinating wheat (triticum vulgare var. florence) embryos, as compared to the activity found in extracts from ungerminated embryos. the enhancement of this activity during the first hours of germination is concomitant to the increase of a dnase activity. the two activities could be separated and the increased level of the dna polymerase upon germination was observed in an enzymatic fraction which ... | 1975 | 16659097 |
| partial restoration of the high rate of plastid pigment development and the ultrastructure of plastids in detached water-stressed wheat leaves. | detached etiolated wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. chris) leaves accumulated plastid pigments at a high rate, developed chloroplasts with stacked thylakoids, and stored plastid starch when wetted on filter paper in light. a moderate water deficit of - 10 bars markedly reduced the accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoids in the 8-day-old detached leaves during greening. delta-aminolevulinic acid treatment of stressed leaf segments resulted in slightly increased pigment accumulations but benzyl ... | 1975 | 16659164 |
| movement of c-labeled sugars into kernels of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | an anatomical study of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) kernels 14 days after anthesis revealed that the tracheary elements of the pericarp vascular bundle are not in direct continuity with those of the rachilla. the phloem was continuous from the rachilla into the crease of the pericarp.shortly after exposure of the flag leaf to (14)co(2), relatively high proportion of the (14)c extracted from the pericarp and endosperm was found in glucose and fructose. with additional time, the percentage of (14) ... | 1975 | 16659185 |
| interactions of microtubule disorganizers, plant hormones, and red light in wheat coleoptile segment growth. | growth response of coleoptile segments excised from 3-day-old seedlings of wheat (triticum vulgare cv. baart) to gibberellic acid, indoleacetic acid, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, to red light, and to several microtubule disorganizers depends on the initial position of the excised segment in the intact coleoptile. red light, 660 nm, stimulates the growth of the apical cells, but inhibits markedly the growth of the cells in the basal region of the coleoptile. the effects of red light are in ... | 1975 | 16659210 |
| nitrate uptake and assimilation by wheat seedlings during initial exposure to nitrate. | nitrate uptake, reduction, and translocation were examined in intact, 14-day-old, nitrogen-depleted wheat (triticum vulgare var. knox) seedlings during a 9-hour exposure to 0.2 mm ca (no(3))(2). the nitrate uptake rate was low during the initial 3-hour period, increased during the 3- to 6-hour period, and then declined. by the 3rd hour, 14% of the absorbed nitrate had been reduced, and this increased to 36% by the 9th hour. shoots accumulated reduced (15)n more rapidly than roots and the ratio o ... | 1975 | 16659219 |
| light-enhanced chloride uptake by wheat laminae: a comparison of chopped and vacuum-infiltrated tissue. | the time course of (36)cl(-) uptake from 5 mm kcl by 1.5-mm leaf segments of triticum aestivum l. seedlings has been determined over 24 hours both in the light and in the dark. a light-enhanced uptake of cl(-) develops after a few hours. using whole laminae which have been water-injected by vacuum infiltration, a light-enhanced uptake is apparent from zero time. uptake values achieved in the light by the two types of tissue are similar but in the dark there is a restricted uptake by the whole in ... | 1975 | 16659237 |
| effect of vacuum infiltration on photosynthetic gas exchange in leaf tissue. | using a manometric method, photosynthetic oxygen evolution and (14)co(2) fixation have been determined for leaf tissue of triticum aestivum l., hordeum vulgare l., phaseolus vulgaris l., and lemna minor l. approximately similar values in the range 0.2 to 0.4 millimoles grams fresh weight(-1) hour(-1) were obtained for both gases. in tissue subjected to vacuum infiltration, o(2) evolution and (14)co(2) fixation were barely measurable. it is considered that the elimination of photosynthetic gas ex ... | 1975 | 16659238 |
| effects of red light on the growth of intact wheat and barley coleoptiles. | the final lengths of intact dark-grown coleoptiles vary with species and cultivar. the growth distribution pattern in the apical 25-mm growing zone and the absolute amount of growth in each zone depend on the age and species of the coleoptile. a comparative study of several cultivars of wheat, triticum vulgare, and barley, hordeum vulgare, indicates that the growth distribution pattern in 30- to 38-mm coleoptiles varies with the species and cultivar. in barley, there are two patterns of growth d ... | 1975 | 16659255 |
| synthesis of endosperm proteins in wheat seed during maturation. | the time of synthesis, the molecular weight, and the relative glutamine-glutamate and proline to leucine ratios of the endosperm proteins of wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. logan) were determined using a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel technique. in general, synthesis of most proteins occurred through much of the maturation of the seed, but past 20 days the rate of synthesis of the high molecular weight proteins declined more rapidly than those of lower molecular weight. the synthesis ... | 1975 | 16659308 |
| chemical basis for greenbug resistance in small grains: ii. identification of the major neutral metabolite of benzyl alcohol in barley. | ((14)c)benzyl alcohol was administered either by uptake through the roots or by injection directly into the stems of wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell), sorghum (sorghum bicolor. l moench) and two strains of barley (hordeum vulgare l.). one strain of barley was susceptible to the greenbug (schizaphis granium rondani), and the other was greenbug-resistant. in all four plants, several radioactive metabolites were formed. the major neutral metabolite has been identified as benzyl-beta-d-glucopyr ... | 1975 | 16659309 |
| transcription of ribosomal and messenger rnas in early wheat embryo germination. | germinating wheat embryos (triticum aestivum l). synthesize both ribosomal and messenger rna at the earliest times after the onset of germination. the rates of synthesis of these two rnas are determined at various stages in germination by an analysis of newly synthesized radioactive rna on oligo(dt)-cellulose. the rate of messenger rna synthesis is essentially constant throughout 18 hours of germination, while that of ribosomal rna synthesis increases steadily, particularly after the onset of ce ... | 1975 | 16659333 |
| preadaptation of protein synthesis in wheat seedlings to high temperature. | the optimum temperature of protein synthesis in wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l.), measured as (14)c-leucine incorporation, depends on the growing temperature. plants grown at reduced temperature (4 c) reach their optimum at 27.5 c, whereas plants kept at 36 c have the highest rate of protein synthesis at 35 c. the transition is gradual. the activation energy of protein synthesis for seedlings grown at medium or reduced temperature is lower (about 11 kcal/mole), than for plants grown at hig ... | 1975 | 16659350 |
| energy supply and light-enhanced chloride uptake in wheat laminae. | the light-supported component of (36)cl uptake from 5 mm k(36)cl by green laminae, either chopped or vacuum-infiltrated, of triticum aestivum l. seedlings has been determined by subtraction of dark uptake values from light uptake values and the energy sources for the uptake elucidated on the basis of the effects of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea (dcmu), carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone (fccp), antimycin a(1) (aa), and n(2) on light and dark uptake. the light-supported ... | 1975 | 16659375 |
| effect of temperature on respiration of mitochondria and shoot segments from cold hardened and nonhardened wheat and rye seedlings. | the effect of temperature on respiration of mitochondria and tissue segments from three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and one rye (secale cereale l.) cultivar grown at 2 and 24 c has been examined. discontinuities in arrhenius plots of respiratory activity against temperature were observed for mitochondria and tissue segments from seedlings grown at both temperatures. the rates of respiration decreased abruptly below the transition temperatures, resulting in increased energy of activation values ... | 1975 | 16659376 |
| determination of unfrozen water in winter cereals at subfreezing temperatures. | the freezing of water in acclimated and nonacclimated cereals was studied using pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. the quantity of unfreezable water per unit dry matter was not strongly dependent on the degree of cold acclimation. in contrast, the fraction of water frozen which was tolerated by nonacclimated winter cereals and by an acclimated spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was less than in acclimated hardy cereals. the freezing curves had the following form:l(t) = l(0)deltatm/ ... | 0 | 16659377 |
| manipulation of galactolipid fatty acid composition with substituted pyridazinones. | the fatty acid composition of the major lipids of the chloroplast membranes, the mono- and digalactosyl diglycerides, can be definably altered with various substituted pyridazinones. galactolipid fatty acid composition of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) can be altered so that there is a decrease in linolenic acid accompanied by an increase in linoleic acid without a shift in the relative proportion of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids; the fatty acid composition can be shifted toward a higher pr ... | 1976 | 16659420 |
| swelling and contraction of mitochondria from cold-hardened and nonhardened wheat and rye seedlings. | a comparison of mitochondria isolated from 2 and 24 c grown winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and winter rye (secale cereale l.) seedlings revealed no correlation between changes in swelling and contraction characteristics and extent of cold hardiness. the swelling response changed markedly due to growth at low temperature, but the change was similar for the four cultivars examined. the swelling response was also observed to change rapidly during aging of isolated mitochondria, either at 2 or ... | 1976 | 16659507 |
| mechanism of plant growth stimulation by naphthenic acid: ii. enzymes of co(2) fixation, co(2) compensation point, bean embryo respiration. | potassium naphthenate, 20 mm, was applied to the foliage of 14-day-old plants of bush bean, phaseolus vulgaris l, cv top crop, maize, zea mays l, cv golden bantam, spring wheat, triticum vulgare vill., cv neepawa, and a 2 mm solution to 21-day-old plants of sugar beet, beta vulgaris l, cv cs-43. seven days after application, the activities of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvic carboxylase in leaves of naphthenate-treated bean and maize were greater than in the leaves of untr ... | 1976 | 16659626 |
| comparison of in vivo and in vitro assays of nitrate reductase in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings. | the effectiveness of the in vivo and in vitro assays for nitrate reductase (nr) in estimating the amounts of reduced n made available to plants was tested against the daily increases in reduced n (nesslerization) actually accumulated by the plant. with growth-chamber-grown wheat seedlings, the average ratio values (input of reduced n as estimated by the in vitro assay to actual accumulation of n by the plant) were 3.9 for shoots, 3.7 for the roots, and 4.1 for the entire plant, over a 10-day per ... | 1976 | 16659722 |
| differences between adenosine triphosphatases from monocotylous and dicotylous plants. | the mitochondrial membrane-bound atpases of several plants were investigated. two distinct types were encountered. the mitochondrial atpases of castor bean (ricinus communis var. zanzibarensis, l.), cauliflower (brassica oleracea, l.), and scarlet runner (phaseolus coccineus, l.) were found to be inhibited by oligomycin, to have elevated molecular weights when separated from the organelles by ultrasonication and ammonium sulfate treatment and, subsequent to purification, to be cold-labile. on th ... | 1977 | 16659806 |