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a cucumis sativus cell-free translation system: preparation, optimization and sensitivity to some antibiotics and ribosome inactivating proteins.a cell-free translation system was prepared from 3- to 5-day-old embryonic axes of gherkin (cucumis sativus l.). the system was optimized for mg2+ , k+ , nh+4 , high speed supernatants, trna mixture from wheat germ, time and temperature. the system translates efficiently both endogenous mrna (using a 30000 g supernatant) and polyuridylic acid (using either a 30000 g supernatant or a 100000 g supernatant supplemented with purified ribosomes). translation by gherkin ribosomes was inhibited by seve ...199328741771
elicitation of h2 o2 production in cucumber hypocotyl segments by oligo-1,4-α-d-galacturonides and an oligo-β-glucan preparation from cell walls of phythophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea.the production of h2 o2 by cucumber hypocotyl segments (cucumis sativus l. cv. wisconsin smr 58) in response to α-1,4-linked oligomers of galacturonic acid and oligo-β-glucans from the cell walls of phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea was studied. oligogalacturonides with degrees of polymerization of 9 to 13 elicited h2 o2 production, the most effective being the deca-, undeca- and dodecamers. a similar relationship between size and effect was previously obtained when oligogalacturonides wer ...199328741782
comparative rna-seq based transcriptome profiling of waterlogging response in cucumber hypocotyls reveals novel insights into the de novo adventitious root primordia initiation.waterlogging is a serious abiotic stress to plant growth because it results in the decline in the supplement of oxygen to submerged tissues. although cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is sensitive to waterlogging, its ability to generate adventitious roots (ars) facilitates gas diffusion and increases plant survival when the oxygen concentration is decreased. to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that enable de novo ar primordia emergence upon waterlogging, the rna sequencing-ba ...201728747176
new insights into the roles of cucumber tir1 homologs and mir393 in regulating fruit/seed set development and leaf morphogenesis.tir1-like proteins act as auxin receptors and play essential roles in auxin-mediated plant development processes. the number of auxin receptor family members varies among species. while the functions of auxin receptor genes have been widely studied in arabidopsis, the distinct functions of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) auxin receptors remains poorly understood. to further our understanding of their potential role in cucumber development, two tir1-like genes were identified and designated cstir1 ...201728747179
24-epibrassinolide alleviates organic pollutants-retarded root elongation by promoting redox homeostasis and secondary metabolism in cucumis sativus l.environmental pollution by organic pollutants (ops) has become a global concern due to its detrimental effects on the environment and human health. as plants are used to remediate contaminated sites, understanding the responses of plants to various ops and fortification of plant tolerance are of great significance. in this work, we studied the biochemical and molecular responses of cucumber plants to three well-known ops, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, chlorpyrifos and oxytetracycline in the absence or ...201728774551
differential scanning calorimetric and spectroscopic studies on the thermal and chemical unfolding of cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem exudate lectin.in plants, chitooligosaccharide-binding phloem exudate lectins play an important role in the defense mechanism against parasites. here, we investigated the thermal and chaotrope-induced unfolding of cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem exudate lectin (cpl). circular dichroism (cd) spectroscopic studies indicate that the secondary and tertiary structures of cpl are essentially unaltered up to 90°c. consistent with this, differential scanning calorimetric studies revealed that cpl is highly thermosta ...201828778525
genome-wide identification and transcriptional expression analysis of cucumber superoxide dismutase (sod) family in response to various abiotic stresses.superoxide dismutase (sod) proteins are widely present in the plant kingdom and play important roles in different biological processes. however, little is known about the sod genes in cucumber. in this study, night sod genes were identified from cucumber (cucumis sativus) using bioinformatics-based methods, including 5 cu/znsods, 3 fesods, and 1 mnsod. gene structure and motif analysis indicated that most of the sod genes have relatively conserved exon/intron arrangement and motif composition. p ...201728808654
interactions between aluminium, iron and silicon in cucumber sativus l. grown under acidic conditions.aluminium (al) is one of the major stressors for plants in acidic soils, negatively affecting plant growth and nutrient balances. significant efforts have been undertaken to understand mechanisms of al tolerance in plants. however, little is known of the relevance of iron (fe) and silicon (si) nutrition under al stress conditions. the objectives of this study were to determine whether effects induced by fe and si are of importance for limitation of al moving via xylem in plants (cucumis sativus ...201728818756
resurgence of cucurbit downy mildew in the united states: insights from comparative genomic analysis of pseudoperonospora cubensis.pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew (cdm), is known to exhibit host specialization. the virulence of different isolates of the pathogen can be classified into pathotypes based on their compatibility with a differential set composed of specific cucurbit host types. however, the genetic basis of host specialization within p. cubensis is not yet known. total genomic dna extracted from nine isolates of p. cubensis collected from 2008 to 2013 from diverse cucurbit ho ...201728861228
molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for resistance to powdery mildew in cucumis sativus stem.powdery mildew (pm) of cucumber (cucumis sativus), caused by podosphaera xanthii, is a major foliar disease worldwide and resistance is one of the main objectives in cucumber breeding programs. the resistance to pm in cucumber stem is important to the resistance for the whole plant. in this study, genetic analysis and gene mapping were implemented with cucumber inbred lines ncg-122 (with resistance to pm in the stem) and ncg-121 (with susceptibility in the stem). genetic analysis showed that res ...201728873205
the expression of a candidate cucumber fruit sugar starvation marker gene cssef1 is enhanced in malformed fruit induced by salinity.the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) gene cucumis sativus somatic embryogenesis zinc finger 1 (cssef1) was suggested to be a good marker gene for sugar starvation in fruit. the expression of this gene in fruits is dramatically upregulated in plants that have suffered either complete defoliation or prolonged darkness. cssef1 was initially discovered as a gene that was upregulated during somatic embryogenesis. we examined the difference in fruit parts and the effect of pollination on the upregulation ...201728878495
wilted cucumber plants infected by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum do not suffer from water shortage.fusarium wilt is primarily a soil-borne disease and results in yield loss and quality decline in cucumber (cucumis sativus). the main symptom of fusarium wilt is the wilting of entire plant, which could be caused by a fungal toxin(s) or blockage of water transport. to investigate whether this wilt arises from water shortage, the physiological responses of hydroponically grown cucumber plants subjected to water stress using polyethylene glycol (peg, 6000) were compared with those of plants infect ...201728911018
bioremoval of zinc and manganese by bacterial biofilm: a bioreactor-based approach.industrialization has led to the disposal of a massive amount of heavy metals every year, showing perilous effects on humans, marine life and agricultural products. there are numerous chemical and biological approaches available but their implementation is limited due to high cost and low efficiency. therefore, the present study was focused on the biofilm- based bioremoval of heavy metals (zinc and manganese) using indigenous bacteria isolated from the tannery sludge obtained from ranipet, tamil ...201728915490
molecular characterization, expression analysis and heterologous expression of two translationally controlled tumor protein genes from cucumis sativus.the translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) is a family of abundant and ubiquitous proteins involved in several important primary functions. cucumbers harbor two tctp genes, cstctp1 and cstctp2; however, their functional roles remain unclear. in this study, we isolated cstctp1 and cstctp2 (xp-004134215 and xp-004135602, respectively) promoters, full-length cdna and genomic sequences from cucumis sativus. bioinformatics analysis, containing cis-acting elements, structural domains, phyloge ...201728926624
response of a predatory ant to volatiles emitted by aphid- and caterpillar-infested cucumber and potato plants.in response to herbivory by insects, various plants produce volatiles that attract enemies of the herbivores. although ants are important components of natural and agro-ecosystems, the importance of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) as cues for ants for finding food sources have received little attention. we investigated responses of the ant formica pratensis to volatiles emitted by uninfested and insect-infested cucumber (cucumis sativus) and potato (solanum tuberosum) plants. cucumber ...201728951999
genetic diversity and population structure of cucumis sativus l. by using ssr markers.the genetic variation, marker attributes and population structure was assessed in 104 genotypes of cucumber using 23 ssr primer pairs. the total number of alleles produced was 67 with an average of 2.91 per locus. allele frequency was in the range of 0.215 to 0.561 with mean value of 0.403, polymorphic information content ranged from 0.158 to 0.495 with the mean of 0.333, marker index ranged from 0.316 to 1.54 with an average value of 0.954 and resolving power ranged from 0.346 to 2.692 with mea ...201728955604
overexpression of cslea11, a y3sk2-type dehydrin gene from cucumber (cucumis sativus), enhances tolerance to heat and cold in escherichia coli.as the group ii lea (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins, dehydrins (dhns) play an important role in plant growth and development, as well as in response to abiotic or biotic stress challenges. in this study, a dhn gene named cslea11 was identified and characterized from cucumis sativus. sequence analysis of cslea11 showed that it is a y3sk2-type dhn protein rich in hydrophilic amino acids. expression analyses revealed that the transcription of cslea11 could be significantly induced by heat an ...201728963660
methyl jasmonate-induced emission of biogenic volatiles is biphasic in cucumber: a high-resolution analysis of dose dependence.methyl jasmonate (meja) is a key airborne elicitor activating jasmonate-dependent signaling pathways, including induction of stress-related volatile emissions, but how the magnitude and timing of these emissions scale with meja dose is not known. treatments with exogenous meja concentrations ranging from mild (0.2 mm) to lethal (50 mm) were used to investigate quantitative relationships among meja dose and the kinetics and magnitude of volatile release in cucumis sativus by combining high-resolu ...201728981785
calcium and calmodulin are involved in nitric oxide-induced adventitious rooting of cucumber under simulated osmotic stress.osmotic stress is a major form of abiotic stress that adversely affects growth and development of plants and subsequently reduces yield and quality of crops. in this study, the effect of nitric oxide (no) and calcium (ca2+) on the process of adventitious rooting in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) under simulated osmotic stress was investigated. the results revealed that the effect of exogenous no and ca2+ in promoting the development of adventitious roots in cucumber seedlings under simulated osmo ...201729021804
high light aggravates functional limitations of cucumber canopy photosynthesis under salinity.most crop species are glycophytes, and salinity stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses reducing crop yields worldwide. salinity affects plant architecture and physiological functions by different mechanisms, which vary largely between crop species and determine the susceptibility or tolerance of a crop species to salinity.201729028871
a valid name for the xishuangbanna gourd, a cucumber with carotene-rich fruits.herbarium specimens deposited in publicly accessible collections are the basis for all scientific names because only permanent specimens can be re-studied by independent researchers, the very essence of science. re-investigations may be done with morphological, chemical, genomic, computer-tomographic, or other methods. based on new herbarium material, i here provide a name for the xishuangbanna gourd, a plant long cultivated in yunnan because of its large non-bitter fruits, rich in β-carotene. g ...201729033662
growth kinetics of escherichia coli o157:h7 on the epicarp of fresh vegetables and fruits.despite the increasing reports on the incidence of fresh vegetables and fruits as a possible vehicle for human pathogens, there is currently limited knowledge on the growth potential of escherichia coli o157:h7 on different plant substrates. this study analyzed the selective adhesion and growth of e. coli o157:h7 on chili habanero (capsicum chinense l.), cucumber (cucumis sativus), radish (raphanus sativus), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum), beet (beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris), and onion (alliu ...201829037503
identification and mapping of ts (tender spines), a gene involved in soft spine development in cucumis sativus.using map-based cloning of ts gene, we identified a new sort of gene involved in the initiation of multicellular tender spine in cucumber. the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit contains spines on the surface, which is an extremely valuable quality trait affecting the selection of customers. in this study, we elaborated cucumber line nc072 with wild type (wt) hard fruit spines and its spontaneous mutant nc073, possessing tender and soft spines on fruits. the mutant trait was named as tender spi ...201829116330
fine mapping of a male sterility gene ms-3 in a novel cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) mutant.the cucumber male sterility gene ms - 3 was fine mapped in a 76 kb region harboring an mmd1 -like gene csa3m006660 that may be responsible for the male sterile in cucumber. a cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) male sterile mutant (ms-3) in an advanced-generation inbred line was identified, and genetic analysis revealed that the male sterility trait was controlled by a recessive nuclear gene, ms-3, which was stably inherited. histological studies suggested that the main cause of the male sterility was ...201829134240
effects of exogenous application of cppu, naa and ga4+7 on parthenocarpy and fruit quality in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).in protected vegetable fields, plant growth regulators are often used to improve cucumber fruit growth. however, the effects of plant growth regulators on the appearance and nutritional quality of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) remain largely unknown. in the present study, 100 mg/l n-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-n'-phenylurea (cppu), naphthaleneacetic acid (naa) or gibberellin a4+a7 (ga4+7) was applied to the female cucumber flowers 1 day before anthesis and at anthesis. the cppu, naa and ga4+7 treatment ...201829146357
phytotoxicity of pyrethroid pesticides and its metabolite towards cucumis sativus.pyrethroid pesticides residues have been frequently detected in soils and have been recognized to contribute to soil toxicity. the phytotoxic impact of pesticides was evaluated in cucumis sativus (c. sativus) seeds. percentage of seed germination, root elongation, shoot length and leaf length were considered as endpoints to assess the possible acute phytotoxicity of soil by the exposure to pyrethroid pesticides (cypermethrin, deltamethrin and cyhalothrin) and its metabolite phenoxybenzoic acid ( ...201729156286
impact of postharvest exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid treatment on cucumber fruit in response to chilling tolerance.low-temperature storage is generally used to extend postharvest lifetime and to inhibit decay of cucumber fruit, but it also enhances the intensity of chilling injury. the capability of γ-aminobutyric acid to enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and reduce chilling injury was studied in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) fruit stored at 1 °c for 5 weeks. the purpose of this study was to define if the gaba-induced modification in antioxidant system and phospholipase activity is linked to the reduced ...201729158632
spatiotemporal expression and substrate specificity analysis of the cucumber sweet gene family.the functions of sweet (sugar will eventually be exported transporter) proteins have been studied in a number of crops, but little is known about their roles in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), a model plant for studying stachyose metabolism and phloem function. here, we identified 17 cucumber sweet genes (cssweets), located on chromosomes 1-6, and classified them into four clades. two genes from each clade were selected for spatiotemporal expression, subcellular localization, and substrate specif ...201729163584
proteomic insight into fruit set of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) suggests the cues of hormone-independent parthenocarpy.parthenocarpy is an excellent agronomic trait that enables crops to set fruit in the absence of pollination and fertilization, and therefore to produce seedless fruit. although parthenocarpy is widely recognized as a hormone-dependent process, hormone-insensitive parthenocarpy can also be observed in cucumber; however, its mechanism is poorly understood. to improve the global understanding of parthenocarpy and address the hormone-insensitive parthenocarpy shown in cucumber, we conducted a physio ...201729166853
copper interactions on arsenic bioavailability and phytotoxicity in soil.arsenic (as) and copper (cu) are co-contaminants in the environment but little is known about their ecological impact as mixtures in soil. in this study, we investigated the combined as-cu interactions on toxicity and uptake as binary mixtures in 5 contrasting soils. the study included solubility, contaminant uptake and toxicity in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) as a model plant species. soils were spiked individually and as a mixtures at 10 different as levels (2, 4, 8 up to 1024mgkg-1). copper ...201829179146
silicon bioavailability in exocarp of cucumis sativus linn.scanning electron microscopy (sem) and electron probe micro-analyzer (epma) techniques have been used to detect the silicon bioavailability in the exocarp of warty cucumber surface. warts appear at the time of anthesis and are remnant part of spines/trichomes which on further fruit maturation abscised from the exocarp. results of epma and phytolith analysis clearly revealed that the surface of exocarp (fruit) of cucumis sativus linn. containing warts has greater quantity of silicon as compared t ...201729201586
generation of highly potent organic fertilizer from pernicious aquatic weed salvinia molesta.utilization of salvinia molesta, an aquatic weed which is notorious for its allelopathy and invasiveness, has been explored by its vermicomposting. fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) and plant bioassay tests were conducted to analyze the composition and fertilizer value of s .molesta vermicompost. germination and seedling growth tests were performed in soil supplemented with vermicompost at levels ranging from 0.75 to 40% by weight of the soil on three common food plants, ladies fin ...201729209963
24-epibrassinolide-induced alterations in the root cell walls of cucumis sativus l. under ca(no3)2 stress.brassinosteroids (brs) can effectively alleviate the oxidative stress caused by ca(no3)2 in cucumber seedlings. the root system is an essential organ in plants due to its roles in physical anchorage, water and nutrient uptake, and metabolite synthesis and storage. in this study, 24-epibrassinolide (ebl) was applied to the cucumber seedling roots under ca(no3)2 stress, and the resulting chemical and anatomical changes were characterized to investigate the roles of brs in alleviating salinity stre ...201729243177
cslfy is required for shoot meristem maintenance via interaction with wuschel in cucumber (cucumis sativus).cucumber (cucumis sativus) is an agronomically important vegetable with indeterminant growth habit, in which leaves are produced from the shoot apical meristem (sam), and unisexual flowers are generated from the leaf axils. leafy (lfy) and its homologs have been shown to play important roles in promoting flower development and branching. the lfy homolog gene cslfy was cloned in cucumber. molecular biology, developmental biology and biochemical tools were combined to explore the biological functi ...201729274285
persistence, dissipation and consumer risk assessment of a combination formulation of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber.multi-location supervised field trials were conducted in india at four locations of the all india network project (ainp) on pesticide residues to study the persistence, dissipation and risk assessment of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber (cucumis sativus). residues of flubendiamide and deltamethrin on cucumber resulting from three spray applications of a combination formulation (flubendiamide 90% + deltamethrin 60%, 150 sc) at recommended (22.5 + 15 g a.i./ha) and double the recommended ...201829279005
identification of conserved and diverse metabolic shift of the stylar, intermediate and peduncular segments of cucumber fruit during development.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is one of the most important vegetables and contains a high content of nutritionally beneficial metabolites. however, little is known about the metabolic variations among different parts of cucumber fruit and their kinetics during growth. in this study, the dynamic metabolic profiles in the stylar end, the intermediate segment and the peduncular end of cucumber fruit during the development were investigated by employing a non-targeted metabolomics approach, where 23 ...201829301359
global transcriptomic changes induced by infection of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) with mild and severe variants of hop stunt viroid.fifteen years after transfer to hops, hop stunt viroid-grapevine (hsvd-g) was replaced by hsvd-hop (hsvd-h), a sequence variant that contains changes at five different positions. hsvd-g54 is a laboratory mutant derived from hsvd-g that differs from its progenitor by a single g to a substitution at position 54. while infection by hsvd-h induces only mild stunting in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), hsvd-g54 induces much more severe symptoms in this indicator host. comparison of transcriptome profil ...201729312160
double function hydroperoxide lyases/epoxyalcohol synthases (cyp74c) of higher plants: identification and conversion into allene oxide synthases by site-directed mutagenesis.the cyp74c subfamily of fatty acid hydroperoxide transforming enzymes includes hydroperoxide lyases (hpls) and allene oxide synthases (aoss). this work reports a new facet of the putative cyp74c hpls. initially, we found that the recombinant cyp74c13_mt (medicago truncatula) behaved predominantly as the epoxyalcohol synthase (eas) towards the 9(s)-hydroperoxide of linoleic acid. at the same time, the cyp74c13_mt mostly possessed the hpl activity towards the 13(s)-hydroperoxides of linoleic and α ...201829325723
dissipation, pre-harvest interval estimation, and dietary risk assessment of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites in greenhouse cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).the dissipation behavior, pre-harvest interval estimation, and dietary risk assessment of carbosulfan, dimethoate, and their relevant metabolites were investigated in greenhouse cucumber in tianjin, northern china, to ensure raw consumption safety.201829327491
transcriptome analyses of mosaic (msc) mitochondrial mutants of cucumber in a highly inbred nuclear background.cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) has a large, paternally transmitted mitochondrial genome. cucumber plants regenerated from cell cultures occasionally show paternally transmitted mosaic (msc) phenotypes, characterized by slower growth, chlorotic patterns on the leaves and fruit, lower fertility, and rearrangements in their mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas). msc lines 3, 12, and 16 originated from different cell cultures all established using the highly-inbred, wild-type line b. these msc lines possess di ...201829330162
high frequency plant regeneration from cotyledonary node explants of cucumis sativus l. cultivar 'green long' via adventitious shoot organogenesis and assessment of genetic fidelity by rapd-pcr technology.influence of cytokinins, silver nitrate (agno3) and auxins on plant regeneration from cucumber was investigated. the cotyledonary node explants were cultured on ms medium augmented with various concentrations (0.5-2.5 mg l-1) of 6-benzyl amino purine (bap) and kinetin (kin) for shoot bud induction. bap at 1.5 mg l-1 was found to be the best concentration for induction of high frequency of multiple shoots (98.4%). interestingly, maximum percent of multiple shoot regeneration (100%) as well as num ...201829354371
development of a high-throughput laboratory bioassay for testing potential attractants for terrestrial snails and slugs.invasive snails and slugs are among the most damaging pests of vegetables, fruits, ornamentals, grains, and forage throughout the world. current control strategies are focused almost exclusively on molluscicides, which are ineffective under some conditions, and which can have serious nontarget effects. a major aim of this study was to develop a generic high-throughput bioassay method for use in identifying attractants for terrestrial gastropods, with the overall goal of developing attractant-bas ...201829365140
raman imaging of plant cell walls in sections of cucumis sativus.raman microspectra combine information on chemical composition of plant tissues with spatial information. the contributions from the building blocks of the cell walls in the raman spectra of plant tissues can vary in the microscopic sub-structures of the tissue. here, we discuss the analysis of 55 raman maps of root, stem, and leaf tissues of cucumis sativus, using different spectral contributions from cellulose and lignin in both univariate and multivariate imaging methods. imaging based on hie ...201829370089
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