Publications

characterization of floating activity of indigenous diesel-assimilating bacterial isolates.	six diesel-degrading bacterial strains were isolated from oil-polluted sites located in central taiwan. the floating activity of the isolates in an oil-supplemented liquid medium was monitored. cell-surface hydrophobicity as well as cell-free and cell-residue emulsification activities were also investigated. three isolates, identified as gordonia alkanivorans cc-jg 39, rhodococcus erythropolis cc-bc 04, and r. erythropolis cc-bc 11, were found to float and grow near the diesel layer on the surfa ...	2005	16233818
structure and increased thermostability of rhodococcus sp. naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase.	rieske nonheme iron oxygenases form a large class of aromatic ring-hydroxylating dioxygenases found in microorganisms. these enzymes enable microorganisms to tolerate and even exclusively utilize aromatic compounds for growth, making them good candidates for use in synthesis of chiral intermediates and bioremediation. studies of the chemical stability and thermostability of these enzymes thus become important. we report here the structure of free and substrate (indole)-bound forms of naphthalene ...	2005	16237006
immune response to the rhodococcus equi infection in high and low antibody-producing mice (selection iv-a).	rhodococcus equi is a gram-positive, facultative intracellular bacterium which infects macrophages and causes rhodococcal pneumonia and enteritis in foals. recently, this agent has been recognized as an opportunistic pathogen for immunocompromised humans. several murine experimental models have been used to study r. equi infection. high (h(iv-a)) and low (l(iv-a)) antibody (ab)-producers mice were obtained by bi-directional genetic selections for their ability to produce antibodies against sheep ...	2005	16237269
[heterogeneity of rhodococcus opacus 1cp as a response to stress induced by chlorophenols].	dissociation of rhodococcus opacus 1cp during culturing in different media (containing phenol and its monochlorinated derivatives as the sole source of carbon and energy) was studied. three variants of strain 1cp (s1, s2, and r) differing in the morphology of cells and colonies, lipid composition, and manner of growth on phenol and monochlorophenols were isolated. it was shown that 2- and 4-chlorophenols were most actively degraded by the smooth (s) forms of the culture, and that the rough (r) f ...	2005	16240653
a new microbial method for more efficient production of nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde and nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-d-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde.	a new biochemical method for more efficient production of nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-l-aminoadipate delta-semialdehyde (nalpha-z-l-aasa) and nalpha-z-d-aasa was developed with cells of rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1. using the cells harvested after 1 d of cultivation, more than 95 mm nalpha-z-l-aasa was produced from 100 mm nalpha-z-l-lysine by incubating at ph 5.0 for 1 d at 30 degrees c or by incubating at ph 7.0 for 2 d at 10 degrees c. a similar conversion yield of nalpha-z-d-aasa was also obtaine ...	2005	16243278
chemical and biochemical transformations of 5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-phenyl-2-isoxazolines.	the salts, 2-methyl-5,5-disubstituted 4,5-dihydroisoxazolium methylsulfates comprising various substituents at the c-3 carbon atom were subjected to transformations. the structure of applied compounds permitted to monitor the effect of this factor on the transformation course of the 2-isoxazoline ring. the nucleophilic addition of cyanide anion to the selected salts enabled the obtaining of a next heterocyclic system of changed physicochemical and biological properties in comparison to the start ...	2005	16243323
a proteomic approach to investigate immunity against r. equi in foals.		2005	16244959
[the innate ability of rhodococcus sp. sduzawq to tolerate sulfur in petroleum].	removal of sulfur from petroleum can be accomplished by various means. one method is to use microorganisms, such as bacteria. in the present study, strain rhodococcus sp. sduzawq was employed to test the effects of various concentrations of dibenzothiophene (dbt) and sulfate, had on this removal process. desulfurization was accomplished, using basal salts medium (bsm), supplemented with 0.2mmol/l dbt and different concentrations of na2so4. growth of sduzawq was pronounced, even when the concentr ...	2005	16245874
rhodococcus phenolicus sp. nov., a novel bioprocessor isolated actinomycete with the ability to degrade chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene and phenol as sole carbon sources.	the aerobic degradation of phenol, chlorobenzene and dichlorobenzene as a sole carbon source has been observed in bacterial gram-positive strain g2pt isolated from a wastewater bioprocessor. cells display branching mycelia fragmenting into rod and coccoid elements when grown on tsa. aerial hyphae formation occurs when grown on phenol and chlorinated aromatics as the sole carbon source. growth was observed at up to 0.75% phenol as a sole carbon source, indicating a strong tolerance for the compou ...	2005	16261859
[biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by mangrove microorganism rhodococcus ruber 1k].	a di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp)degrading bacterium rhodococcus ruber was isolated from mangrove soil, and its degrading characteristics were studied. the results showed that the bacterium could grow well on the substrate with dbp as the sole source of carbon and energy, and the dbp of 50 mg x l(-1) could be completely degraded after 48 h. under aerobic condition, the tentative pathway proposed for dbp degradation was through monoester initially, then phthalic acid, and finally co2 and h2o.	2005	16262080
effect of a metal alloy fuel catalyst on bacterial growth.	many microorganisms have been demonstrated to utilize petroleum fuel products to fulfill their nutritional requirement for carbon. as a result, the ability of these microbes to degrade fuel has both a deleterious affect as well as beneficial applications. this study focused on the undesired ability of bacteria to grow on fuel and the potential for some metal alloys to inhibit this biodegradation. the objective of this study was to review the pattern of growth of two reference strains of petroleu ...	2005	16262333
evidence for horizontal transfer of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase genes.	pcr was used to rapidly identify and isolate 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase genes from bacteria. the shimodaira-hasegawa test was used to assess whether phylogenetically anomalous gene placements suggestive of horizontal gene transfer (hgt) were significantly favored over vertical transmission. the best maximum likelihood (ml) acc deaminase tree was significantly more likely than four alternative ml trees, suggesting hgt.	2005	16269802
[study on the degradation pathway of biphenyl by rhodococcus pyridinovorans r04].	metabolites of rhodococcus pyridinovorans r04 from biphenyl were analyzed by gc-ms. the results demonstrated that biphenyl was degraded via a route of 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl and 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl. 4-benzoylbutyric acid and 1-phenylethanone were also found in the gc-ms analysis, which indicated there were other pathways beside the main route.	2003	16281565
development of a microtiter plate-based method for determination of degradation profile of nitrophenolic compounds.	a microtiter plate-based assay was developed for the automatic monitoring of degradation profile of the yellow-coloured nitrophenolic compounds. the method enables to reduce the intervals between measurements of substrate concentration to minutes and to overcome the problem of discontinuity of sampling typical for conventional methods. the concentrations of nitrophenolic compounds were calculated from the absorbance values determined automatically by bioscreen c. verification of the method was b ...	2006	16289394
isolation of pah-degrading bacteria from mangrove sediments and their biodegradation potential.	surface sediment samples were collected from seven mangrove swamps in hong kong sar with different degrees of contamination. the total concentrations of 16 pahs in these sediments ranged from 169.41 to 1058.37 ng g(-1) with the highest concentration found in ma wan and the lowest in kei ling ha lo wai mangrove swamp. in each swamp, three bacterial consortia were enriched from sediments using phenanthrene (phe) as the sole carbon and energy source, and individual bacterial colony showing phe degr ...	2005	16291206
characterization of four rhodococcus alcohol dehydrogenase genes responsible for the oxidation of aromatic alcohols.	four genes were isolated and characterized for alcohol dehydrogenases (adhs) catalyzing the oxidation of aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol to their corresponding aldehydes, one from o-xylene-degrading rhodococcus opacus tkn14 and the other three from n-alkane-degrading rhodococcus erythropolis pr4. various aromatic alcohols were bioconverted to their corresponding carboxylic acids using escherichia coli cells expressing each of the four adh genes together with an aromatic aldehyde dehydro ...	2006	16292529
bacteremia due to rhodococcus equi--a case report.	rhodococcus equi (r. equi) primarily causes zoonotic infections affecting grazing animals and is an unusual cause of infection in immunocompetent human beings. we report a case of bacteremia due to r. equi a rare isolate in a child suffering from protein energy malnutrition	2004	16295396
caprine vertebral osteomyelitis caused by rhodococcus equi.	there have been reports of rhodococcus equi infections in goats in australia, america and india. in this study, r. equi was isolated from an inflamed vertebra in a boer goat in south africa. at autopsy, there was a purulent inflammatory reaction in the 1st cervical vertebra. histopathologically, a neutrophilic infiltration was encountered in the bone. aerobic culture of swabs collected from the abscesses yielded r. equi in pure culture that was identified on biochemical tests. r. equi has become ...	2005	16300185
fluorescent phospholipid analogs as microscopic probes for detection of the mycolic acid-containing layer in corynebacterium glutamicum: detecting alterations in the mycolic acid-containing layer following ethambutol treatment.	corynebacterium glutamicum belongs to the mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes, which also include mycobacterium, nocardia, and rhodococcus. the cells of this group possess a cell wall with a thick outer layer composed primarily of mycolic acid, which functions as a permeability barrier. to investigate the mechanism of mycolic acid-containing layer (mycolate layer) formation, we have developed a fluorescence microscopic technique detecting the mycolate layer in situ. the staining specificity of ...	2005	16306684
bacterial degradation of xenobiotic compounds: evolution and distribution of novel enzyme activities.	bacterial dehalogenases catalyse the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds, which is a key step in aerobic mineralization pathways of many halogenated compounds that occur as environmental pollutants. there is a broad range of dehalogenases, which can be classified in different protein superfamilies and have fundamentally different catalytic mechanisms. identical dehalogenases have repeatedly been detected in organisms that were isolated at different geographical locations, indicating that only a res ...	2005	16309386
survey of zoonoses recorded in scotland between 1993 and 2002.	all the human and animal laboratory reports of zoonoses sent to health protection scotland between 1993 and 2002 were identified. there were 24,946 reports from veterinary laboratories, and 94,718 (20 per cent) of the 468,214 reports from medical laboratories were considered to be zoonotic. the most common reports of zoonoses from people were campylobacter, salmonella, cryptosporidium and giardia species and escherichia coli o157. the most common reports of zoonoses from animals were salmonella, ...	2005	16311383
biochemical pathway and degradation of phthalate ester isomers by bacteria.	degradation of dimethyl isophthalate (dmi) and dimethyl phthalate ester (dmpe) was investigated using microorganisms isolated from mangrove sediment of hong kong mai po nature reserve. one enrichment culture was capable of utilizing dmi as the sole source of carbon and energy, but none of the bacteria in the enrichment culture was capable of degrading dmi alone. in co-culture of two bacteria, degradation was observed proceeding through monomethyl isophthalate (mmi) ester and isophthalic acid (ip ...	2005	16312973
metabolites from the biodegradation of di-ester plasticizers by rhodococcus rhodochrous.	the plasticizers di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (dehp) and di-2-ethylhexyl adipate (deha) are ubiquitous in the environment and undergo partial biodegradation in the presence of soil micro-organisms. the validity of a proposed pathway for the degradation of these plasticizers by rhodococcus rhodochrous has been confirmed by the identification of 2-ethylhexanal in gas phase emissions. complete analyses of the aqueous and gas phases were able to account for more than 98% of the 2-ethylhexanol component ...	2006	16316677
immobilization of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria in poly(vinyl alcohol) cryogels hydrophobized using a biosurfactant.	a simple biosurfactant-based hydrophobization procedure for poly(vinyl alcohol) (pva) cryogels was developed allowing effective immobilization of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. the resulting partially hydrophobized pva cryogel granules (granule volume 5 microl) contained sufficient number (6.5 x 10(3)) of viable bacterial cells per granule, possessed high mechanical strength and spontaneously located at the interface in water-hydrocarbon system. such interfacial location of pva granules allowed ...	2006	16316701
degradation of hydrocarbons and alcohols at different temperatures and salinities by rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14.	rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 cells were able to metabolise c5-c16 hydrocarbons and c1-c12 alcohols as sole carbon and energy sources, both at 15 and 28 degrees c. metabolic activity was also observed at 1.00%, 1.95% and 2.50% sodium chloride. almost complete degradation of n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes and aromatic compounds present in fuel oil was achieved after 9 months, 60% being consumed in the first three months. the results from the conditions tested here suggest that this type of bacterium ...	2004	16329886
a soil-based microbial biofilm exposed to 2,4-d: bacterial community development and establishment of conjugative plasmid pjp4.	a soil suspension was used as a source to initiate the development of microbial communities in flow cells irrigated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) (25 microg ml(-1)). culturable bacterial members of the community were identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing and found to be members of the genera pseudomonas, burkholderia, collimonas and rhodococcus. a 2,4-d degrading donor strain, pseudomonas putida sm1443 (pjp4::gfp), was inoculated into flow cell chambers containing 2-day old biofil ...	2005	16332330
isolation and characterization of o-xylene oxygenase genes from rhodococcus opacus tkn14.	o-xylene is one of the most difficult-to-degrade environmental pollutants. we report here rhodococcus genes mediating oxygenation in the first step of o-xylene degradation. rhodococcus opacus tkn14, isolated from soil contaminated with o-xylene, was able to utilize o-xylene as the sole carbon source and to metabolize it to o-methylbenzoic acid. a cosmid library from the genome of this strain was constructed in escherichia coli. a bioconversion analysis revealed that a cosmid clone incorporating ...	2005	16332743
aliphatic amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous m8 is related to the nitrilase/cyanide hydratase family.	a comparative study of amino acid sequence and physicochemical properties indicates the affiliation of an amidase from rhodococcus rhodochrous m8 (ec 3.5.1.4) to the nitrilase/cyanide hydratase family. cluster analysis and multiple alignments show that cys166 is an active site nucleophile. the enzyme has been shown to be a typical aliphatic amidase, being the most active toward short-chain linear amides. small polar molecules such as hydroxylamine and o-methyl hydroxylamine can serve as effectiv ...	2005	16336190
[comparison of the desulfurization activity among several bacteria and analysis of the conservation of their desulfurization genes].	several bacteria, bacillus brevis r-6, pseudomonas delafleldii r-8, nocardia globerula r-9, bacillus sphaericus r-16, rhodococcus erythropolis lsse8-1 and gordonia nitida lssej-1, which can convert dibenzothiophene into 2-hydroxybiphenyl and sulfate, were investigated. desulfurization products were quantitively determined by hplc. result revealed that each of these bacteria desulfurize dbt at a different rate. in order to obtain more information, the fragments encoding desulfurizing enzymes were ...	2005	16342766
chemical and physical characterization of interfacial-active lipids from rhodococcus erythropolis grown on n-alkanes.	lipophilic compounds of the culture suspension containing rhodococcus erythropolis dsm43215 had surfactant properties when the bacteria were cultivated with n-alkanes as the sole carbon source. thirteen main components from a dichloromethane-methanol extract of the r. erythropolis cultures were isolated and characterized to specify quantitatively their surfactant properties, e.g., minimum surface and interfacial tensions and critical micelle concentrations. the interfacial activity of the organi ...	1982	16346110
new type of oxygenase involved in the metabolism of propane and isobutane.	nocardia paraffinicum (rhodococcus rhodochrous), a hydrocarbon-degrading microorganism, was used in a study of propane and isobutane metabolism. the bacterium was able to utilize propane or isobutane as a sole source of carbon, and oxygen was found to be essential for its metabolism. gas chromatographic analysis showed that n-propanol was the major compound recovered from the metabolism of propane by resting cells, although trace amounts of isopropanol and acetone were detected. when a mixture o ...	1984	16346605
role of carbon dioxide in catabolism of propane by "nocardia paraffinicum" (rhodococcus rhodochrous).	the catabolism of propane by "nocardia paraffinicum" (rhodococcus rhodochrous) has been shown to involve co(2) fixation after its oxidation to propionic acid. "n. paraffinicum" failed to grow on either propane or 1-propanol in the absence of co(2). the rate of propane utilization was directly related to the initial co(2) concentration, and warburg respirometry suggested that co(2) was required for the catabolism of 1-propanol, propionaldehyde, and propionate but not for 2-propanol. these data al ...	1987	16347267
one-step microbial conversion of a racemic mixture of pantoyl lactone to optically active d-(-)-pantoyl lactone.	washed cells of rhodococcus erythropolis ifo 12540 were found to convert only the l-(+)-isomer of pantoyl lactone to the d-(-)-isomer in a racemic mixture of pantoyl lactone. under suitable reaction conditions, the amount of d-(-)-pantoyl lactone synthesized was 18.2 mg/ml (94.4% enantiomer excess; molar yield, 90.5%). this conversion was suggested to proceed through the following successive reactions: first, the enzymatic oxidation of l-(+)-pantoyl lactone to ketopantoyl lactone; second, the ra ...	1987	16347301
methylation of halogenated phenols and thiophenols by cell extracts of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	o-methylation of 2,6-dibromophenol was studied in cell extracts prepared from rhodococcus sp. strain 1395. o-methylation activity was enhanced by the addition of s-adenosyl-l-methionine but was not affected by the addition of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate nor by up to 10 mm mgcl(2) or edta. by using 2,6-dibromophenol, 4,5,6-trichloroguaiacol, and pentachlorothiophenol as the substrates, o-methylation activity was also demonstrated in extracts from two other rhodococcus sp. strains, an acinetobacter s ...	1988	16347565
nitrilase-catalyzed production of nicotinic acid from 3-cyanopyridine in rhodococcus rhodochrous j1.	the nitrilase which occurs abundantly in cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 catalyzes the direct hydrolysis of 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinic acid without forming nicotinamide. by using resting cells, the reaction conditions for nicotinic acid production were optimized. under the optimum conditions, 100% of the added 3-cyanopyridine could be converted to nicotinic acid, the highest yield achieved being 172 mg of nicotinic acid per 1.0 ml of reaction mixture containing 2.89 mg (dry weight) of cell ...	1988	16347598
nitrile hydratase-catalyzed production of nicotinamide from 3-cyanopyridine in rhodococcus rhodochrous j1.	nitrile hydratase, which occurs abundantly in cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 isolated from soil samples, catalyzes the hydration of 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinamide. by using resting cells, the reaction conditions for nicotinamide production were optimized. under the optimum conditions, 100% of the added 12 m 3-cyanopyridine was converted to nicotinamide without the formation of nicotinic acid, and the highest yield achieved was 1,465 g of nicotinamide per liter of reaction mixture containin ...	1988	16347686
o-methylation of chlorinated para-hydroquinones by rhodococcus chlorophenolicus.	rhodococcus chlorophenolicus pcp-i, a degrader of polychlorinated phenols, guaiacols (2-methoxyphenols), and syringols (2,6-dimethoxyphenols), was shown to o-methylate the degradation intermediate, a chlorinated para-hydroquinone, into 4-methoxyphenol. o-methylation was constitutively expressed, whereas the degradation of chlorophenols and chlorohydroquinones was inducible in r. chlorophenolicus. the o-methylating reaction required two hydroxyl groups in positions para to each other. r. chloroph ...	1988	16347691
hydroxylation and dechlorination of tetrachlorohydroquinone by rhodococcus sp. strain cp-2 cell extracts.	a cell extract of a polychlorophenol-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus sp. strain cp-2, isolated from chlorophenol-contaminated soil, was shown to dechlorinate tetrachlorohydroquinone, the first intermediate in pentachlorophenol and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol degradation. degradation of tetrachlorohydroquinone was catalyzed by a soluble enzyme(s). the reaction sequence for complete dechlorination involved hydroxylation and three reductive dechlorinations, producing 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene. all chl ...	1989	16347859
initial steps in the degradation of phosphinothricin (glufosinate) by soil bacteria.	three hundred bacterial isolates from soil were tested for resistance against phosphinothricin [ppt; dl-homoalanin-4-yl(methyl)phosphinic acid], the active ingredient of the herbicide basta. eight resistant bacterial strains and escherichia coli were analyzed for ppt-transforming activities. at least three different enzymatic reactions could be detected in cell extracts. in six strains an acetyltransferase was active, synthesizing n-acetyl-ppt in the presence of ppt and acetyl coenzyme a. all st ...	1989	16347878
improved method for the isolation of biosurfactant glycolipids from rhodococcus sp. strain h13a.	an improved method for the isolation of the biosurfactant glycolipids from rhodococcus sp. strain h13a by using xm 50 diafiltration and isopropanol precipitation was devised. this procedure was advantageous since it removes protein coisolated when the glycolipids are obtained by organic extraction and silicic acid chromatography. the protein apparently does not contribute any biosurfactant characteristics to the glycolipids. the deacylated glycolipid backbone included only a disaccharide.	1990	16348198
coexisting bacterial populations responsible for multiphasic mineralization kinetics in soil.	experiments were conducted to study populations of indigenous microorganisms capable of mineralizing 2,4-dinitrophenol (dnp) in two soils. previous kinetic analyses indicated the presence of two coexisting populations of dnp-mineralizing microorganisms in a forest soil (soil 1). studies in which eucaryotic and procaryotic inhibitors were added to this soil indicated that both populations were bacterial. most-probable-number counts with media containing different concentrations of dnp indicated t ...	1990	16348277
transformation of rhodococcus fascians by high-voltage electroporation and development of r. fascians cloning vectors.	the analysis of the virulence determinants of phytopathogenic rhodococcus fascians has been hampered by the lack of a system for introducing exogenous dna. we investigated the possibility of genetic transformation of r. fascians by high-voltage electroporation of intact bacterial cells in the presence of plasmid dna. electrotransformation in r. fascians d188 resulted in transformation frequencies ranging from 10/mug of dna to 10/mug of dna, depending on the dna concentration. the effects of diff ...	1990	16348290
stereospecificity of microbial hydrations of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid.	we recently described a simple method for ascertaining the stereochemical purities of hydroxy fatty acids (s. h. el-sharkawy, w. yang, l. dostal, and j. p. n. rosazza, appl. environ. microbiol. 58:2116-2122, 1992) based on the h-nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis of diastereomeric s-(+)-o-acetylmandelate esters of hydroxystearates. this report describes the stereochemistries of microbial hydrations of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid by nocardia aurantia (also known as rhodococcus ...	1993	16348853
novel allylic oxidation of alpha-cedrene to sec-cedrenol by a rhodococcus strain.	a bacterial strain, designated ksm-7358, that can use alpha-cedrene for growth was isolated. the strain was identified as a member of the genus rhodococcus and catalyzed the novel allylic oxidation of alpha-cedrene regiospecifically to produce (r)-10-hydroxycedrene (sec-cedrenol) with a very high yield. alpha-curcumene was also produced as a possible metabolite of sec-cedrenol. a possible pathway for the microbial conversion of alpha-cedrene to sec-cedrenol and alpha-curcumene is proposed.	1993	16348930
identification and cloning of genes involved in specific desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by rhodococcus sp. strain igts8.	the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus sp. strain igts8 is able to remove sulfur from certain aromatic compounds without breaking carbon-carbon bonds. in particular, sulfur is removed from dibenzothiophene (dbt) to give the final product, 2-hydroxybiphenyl. a genomic library of igts8 was constructed in the cosmid vector plafr5, but no desulfurization phenotype was imparted to escherichia coli. therefore, igts8 was mutagenized, and a new strain (uv1) was selected that had lost the ability to des ...	1993	16349035
physicochemical cell surface and adhesive properties of coryneform bacteria related to the presence and chain length of mycolic acids.	the presence and chain length of mycolic acids of bacteria of the genera corynebacterium, rhodococcus, gordona, mycobacterium, and arthrobacter and of coryneform bacteria containing a type b peptidoglycan were related to the cell surface hydrophobicity of the bacteria, which in turn was related to adhesion of the cells to defined surfaces such as teflon and glass. the origin of the overall negative charge of these bacteria is discussed.	1993	16349100
selective desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by rhodococcus erythropolis d-1.	a dibenzothiophene (dbt)-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus erythropolis d-1, which utilized dbt as a sole source of sulfur, was isolated from soil. dbt was metabolized to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-hbp) by the strain, and 2-hbp was almost stoichiometrically accumulated as the dead-end metabolite of dbt degradation. dbt degradation by this strain was shown to proceed as dbt --> dbt sulfone --> 2-hbp. dbt at an initial concentration of 0.125 mm was completely degraded within 2 days of cultivation. dbt at ...	1994	16349153
aerobic mineralization of trichloroethylene, vinyl chloride, and aromatic compounds by rhodococcus species.	two rhodococcus strains which were isolated from a trichloroethylene (tce)-degrading bacterial mixture and rhodococcus rhodochrous atcc 21197 mineralized vinyl chloride (vc) and tce. greater than 99.9% of a 1-mg/liter concentration of vc was degraded by cell suspensions. [1,2-c]vc was degraded by cell suspensions, with the production of greater than 66% co(2) and 20% c-aqueous phase products and incorporation of 10% of the c into the biomass. cultures that utilized propane as a substrate were ab ...	1994	16349184
purification and characterization of an inducible s-triazine hydrolase from rhodococcus corallinus nrrl b-15444r.	the widespread use and relative persistence of s-triazine compounds such as atrazine and simazine have led to increasing concern about environmental contamination by these compounds. few microbial isolates capable of transforming substituted s-triazines have been identified. rhodococcus corallinus nrrl b-15444 has previously been shown to possess a hydrolase activity that is responsible for the dechlorination of the triazine compounds deethylsimazine (6-chloro-n-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) ...	1994	16349190
cesium accumulation and growth characteristics of rhodococcus erythropolis cs98 and rhodococcus sp. strain cs402.	growth and cesium accumulation characteristics of two cesium-accumulating bacteria isolated from soils were investigated. rhodococcus erythropolis cs98 and rhodococcus sp. strain cs402 accumulated high levels of cesium (approximately 690 and 380 mumol/g [dry weight] of cells or 92 and 52 mg/g [dry weight] of cells, respectively) after 24 h of incubation in the presence of 0.5 mm cesium. the optimum ph for cesium uptake by both rhodococcus strains was 8.5. rubidium and cesium assumed part of the ...	1994	16349312
adsorption of rhodococcus strain gin-1 (ncimb 40340) on titanium dioxide and coal fly ash particles.	rhodococcus strain gin-1 (ncimb 40340) can be used to enrich and isolate a titanium-rich fraction from coal fly ash. the gram-positive bacterium was isolated by its ability to adhere strongly and rapidly to suspended particles of pure titanium dioxide or coal fly ash. adsorption depends on the salt concentration and occurs in seawater. lowering of the salt concentration or washing of particles with pure water did not, however, cause desorption of the bacteria from tio(2) particles; this was achi ...	1994	16349369
efficient transformation of the cephamycin c producer nocardia lactamdurans and development of shuttle and promoter-probe cloning vectors.	a high transformation efficiency (1 x 10 to 7 x 10 transformants per mug of dna) of nocardia lactamdurans lc411 was obtained by direct treatment of mycelium with polyethylene glycol 1000 and cesium chloride. a variety of vectors from streptomyces lividans, brevibacterium lactofermentum, rhodococcus fascians, and a nocardia (amycolatopsis) sp. were tested; transformants could be obtained only with vectors derived from an endogenous plasmid of the amycolatopsis sp. strain dsm 43387. vectors carryi ...	1994	16349436
initial reductive reactions in aerobic microbial metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene.	because of its high electron deficiency, initial microbial transformations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) are characterized by reductive rather than oxidation reactions. the reduction of the nitro groups seems to be the dominating mechanism, whereas hydrogenation of the aromatic ring, as described for picric acid, appears to be of minor importance. thus, two bacterial strains enriched with tnt as a sole source of nitrogen under aerobic conditions, a gram-negative strain called tnt-8 and a gram-p ...	1998	16349484
[bioconversion of beta-sitosterol and its complex esters by rhodococcus actinobacteria].	the ability of pure cultures of rhodococcus actinobacteria from the ural specialized collection of alkanotrophic microorganisms (world federation for culture collections accession number 768; http://www.ecology.psu.ru/iegmcol) to convert beta-sitosterol (bss) and its 3beta-acylated derivatives was studied. rhodococcus strains with pronounced cholesterol oxidase activity, capable of converting bss to stigmat-4-ene-3-one in the reaction of cooxidation with n-hexadecane, were selected. the dependen ...	2005	16358751
characterization of the putative operon containing arylamine n-acetyltransferase (nat) in mycobacterium bovis bcg.	mycobacterium bovis bcg and mycobacterium tuberculosis possess a single arylamine n-acetyltransferase whose gene is predicted to occur within a six-gene operon. deletion of the nat gene caused an extended lag phase in m. bovis bcg and a cell morphology associated with an altered pattern of cell wall mycolates. analysis of cdna from m. bovis bcg shows that during in vitro growth all the genes in the putative nat operon are expressed and the open reading frames are contiguous, supporting the exist ...	2006	16359327
gene expression analysis using a modified hicep method applicable to prokaryotes: a study of the response of rhodococcus to isoniazid and ethambutol.	we established a novel method to analyze the gene expression of prokaryotes by modifying and optimizing the hicep (high coverage gene expression analysis) method, which was originally developed for eukaryotic gene expression profiling. following the removal of abundant rrna, the mrna of prokaryotic cells was enzymatically polyadenylated and subjected to hicep analysis. this method was highly reproducible due to selective pcr that was performed by using adaptor specific primers. we confirmed indu ...	2006	16360900
rhodococcus ruber as a cause of keratitis.	to report a case of suppurative keratitis caused by rhodococcus ruber in a healthy 31-year-old male patient.	2006	16371792
bacteria isolated from the different developmental stages and larval organs of the obligate parasitic fly, wohlfahrtia magnifica (diptera: sarcophagidae).	wohlfahrtia magnifica (diptera: sarcophagidae) is the major myiasis-causing fly species in the whole of eurasia for most important domestic animals. the aim of the present work was to obtain data on the culturable bacteria isolated under aerobic conditions from this fly: bacteria were isolated from all developmental stages (larvae, pupa, and imago) of wohlfahrtia magnifica, and the third-stage larval organs were also sampled. to determine the possible antagonistic effects between the dominant ba ...	2006	16382282
deep desulfurization of diesel oil and crude oils by a newly isolated rhodococcus erythropolis strain.	the soil-isolated strain xp was identified as rhodococcus erythropolis. r. erythropolis xp could efficiently desulfurize benzonaphthothiophene, a complicated model sulfur compound that exists in crude oil. the desulfurization product of benzonaphthothiophene was identified as alpha-hydroxy-beta-phenyl-naphthalene. resting cells could desulfurize diesel oil (total organic sulfur, 259 ppm) after hydrodesulfurization. the sulfur content of diesel oil was reduced by 94.5% by using the resting cell b ...	2006	16391024
aerobic biodegradation of 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid produced from dibenzothiophene metabolites.	dibenzothiophene is a sulfur heterocycle found in crude oils and coal. the biodegradation of dibenzothiophene through the kodama pathway by pseudomonas sp. strain bt1d leads to the formation of three disulfides: 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid disulfide, 2-oxo-2-(2-thiophenyl)ethanoic acid-2-benzoic acid disulfide, and 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid. when provided as the carbon and sulfur source in liquid medium, 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid was degraded by soil enrichment cultures. two bacterial is ...	2006	16391083
sequence analysis of two cryptic plasmids from bifidobacterium longum djo10a and construction of a shuttle cloning vector.	bifidobacterium longum djo10a is a recent human isolate with probiotic characteristics and contains two plasmids, designated pdojh10l and pdojh10s. the complete sequences of both these plasmids have now been determined and consist of two circular dna molecules of 10,073 and 3,661 bp, with g+c contents of 62.2% and 66.2%, respectively. plasmid pdojh10l is a cointegrate plasmid consisting of dna regions exhibiting very high sequence identity to two other b. longum plasmids, pnac2 (98%) and pkj50 ( ...	2006	16391088
identification of a carboxylesterase-producing rhodococcus soil isolate.	subtropical soil microbial isolates were screened for carbohydrate, tributyrin, or olive oil hydrolysis using agar plates supplemented with the corresponding substrates. a heterotrophic, aerobic, gram-positive strain displaying activity on tributyrin was selected and further characterized. analysis of the morphological and physiological traits of the strain placed it as a member of the genus rhodococcus. further 16s rdna sequencing revealed a 99% identity to rhodococcus erythropolis. the strain ...	2005	16391653
[sequence and structure analysis of cryptic plasmid pn30 from oil-oxidizing strain rhodococcus erythropolis 30].	nucleotide sequence of cryptic plasmid pn30 from a rhodococcus erythropolis 30 soil isolate was determined. plasmid dna consists of 5403 nucleotide pairs and contains about 62% gc pairs, which is typical of rhodococcus dna. no significant homology was determined between the pn30 dna sequence and those of known plasmids. computer-aided analysis of pn30 sequence revealed open reading frames that encode proteins strongly homologous to replicative proteins encoded by small cryptic plasmids of differ ...	2005	16396462
[isolation and comparative analysis of glycolipid fractions in bifidobacteria].	a comparative tlc analysis of lipid extracts from bifidobacterium longum b 379 m, b. bifidum 791, and b. adolescentis 94 bim has been performed. it is demonstrated that carbohydrate-containing lipid components were present in the bacteria, which differed in their chromatographic mobility (rf) from similar compounds isolated from actinomycetes stomatococcus mucilaginosus pcm 2415t, nocardiopsis dassonvillei pcm 2492, propionibacterium propionicum pcm 2431, saccharopolyspora hirsuta pcm 2279 (= at ...	2005	16400987
convenient treatment of acetonitrile-containing wastes using the tandem combination of nitrile hydratase and amidase-producing microorganisms.	this study aimed to construct an acetonitrile-containing waste treatment process by using nitrile-degrading microorganisms. to degrade high concentrations of acetonitrile, the microorganisms were newly acquired from soil and water samples. although no nitrilase-producing microorganisms were found to be capable of degrading high concentrations of acetonitrile, the resting cells of rhodococcus pyridinivorans s85-2 containing nitrile hydratase could degrade acetonitrile at concentrations as high as ...	2006	16402166
spectroscopic and substrate binding properties of heme-containing aldoxime dehydratases, oxdb and oxdre.	aldoxime dehydratase (oxd) is a novel hemeprotein that catalyzes the dehydration reaction of aldoxime to produce nitrile. in this study, we studied the spectroscopic and substrate binding properties of two oxds, oxdb from bacillus sp. strain oxb-1 and oxdre from rhodococcus sp. n-771, that show different quaternary structures and relatively low amino acid sequence identity. electronic absorption and resonance raman spectroscopy revealed that ferric oxdre contained a six-coordinate low-spin heme, ...	2006	16414119
preferential attack of the (s)-configured ether-linked carbons in bis-(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether by rhodococcus sp. strain dtb.	rhodococcus sp. strain dtb (dsm 44534) was grown on a mixture of (r,r)-, (s,s)- and meso-bis-(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether (bcpe) as the sole source of carbon and energy. during bcpe degradation 1'-chloro-2'-propyl-3-chloro-2-prop-1-enyl-ether (dve), 1-chloro-2-propanol and chloroacetone intermediates were formed. the bcpe or dve stereoisomers were metabolized in consecutive order via scission of the ether bond, with discrimination against the (r) configuration. resting cell suspensions of rhodococc ...	2006	16420620
study of a hexane-degrading consortium in a biofilter and in liquid culture: biodiversity, kinetics and characterization of degrading strains.	a gasoline-degrading consortium, originating from a mexican soil, was used to study its hexane-degradation kinetics in liquid culture and in a biofilter with mineral support. the biodiversity of the consortium depending on the culture conditions and electron and energy source (gasoline, hexane in liquid or hexane in the biofilter) was analyzed using a 16s rrna-based approach. significant differences between the populations were observed, indicating a probable adaptation to the substrate. two str ...	2006	16420632
potential of rhodococcus strains for biotechnological vanillin production from ferulic acid and eugenol.	the potential of two rhodococcus strains for biotechnological vanillin production from ferulic acid and eugenol was investigated. genome sequence data of rhodococcus sp. i24 suggested a coenzyme a-dependent, non-beta-oxidative pathway for ferulic acid bioconversion, which involves feruloyl-coa synthetase (fcs), enoyl-coa hydratase/aldolase (ech), and vanillin dehydrogenase (vdh). this pathway was proven for rhodococcus opacus pd630 by physiological characterization of knockout mutants. however, ...	2006	16421716
sequence analysis of three plasmids harboured in rhodococcus erythropolis strain pr4.	rhodococcus erythropolis strain pr4 has been isolated as an alkane-degrading bacterium. the strain harbours one linear plasmid, prel1 (271 577 bp) and two circular plasmids, prec1 (104 014 bp) and prec2 (3637 bp), all with some sequence similarities to other rhodococcus plasmids. for prel1, prec1 and prec2, 298, 102 and 3 open reading frames, respectively, were predicted. linear plasmid prel1 has several regions homologous to plasmid pbd2 found in r. erythropolis bd2. sequence analysis of prel1 ...	2006	16423019
recurrent rhodococcus equi infection with fatal outcome in an immunocompetent patient.	the majority of human rhodococcus equi infections occur in immunocompromised hosts, especially those with aids, and infection in immunocompetent patients is rare. reported here is a case of r. equi infection in a seemingly healthy patient with a very complicated course. despite neurosurgery and prolonged antibiotic therapy the patient deceased.	2006	16424975
intracranial abscess caused by rhodococcus equi infection in a foal.	a 4-month-old missouri fox trotter colt was examined for a 5-week history of head tilt after treatment for suspected pulmonary rhodococcus equi infection.	2006	16426201
enhanced biodegradation of diesel oil by a newly identified rhodococcus baikonurensis en3 in the presence of mycolic acid.	the aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize a bacterium, strain en3, capable of using diesel oil as a major carbon and energy source, and to analyse the enhancement of diesel oil degradation by this organism using synthetic mycolic acid (2-hexyl-3-hydroxyldecanoic acid).	2006	16430509
resolution of methyl nonactate by rhodococcus erythropolis under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.	[reaction: see text]. an efficient resolution of methyl nonactate is reported by biotransformation in shake flask cultures of rhodococcus erythropolis. the equilibrium of the reaction redox system can be manipulated by switching from aerobic to anaerobic growth, thereby generating both enantiomers of the target in excellent yield and enantiomeric purity.	2006	16435855
structural analysis of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by a benzene tolerant bacterium, rhodococcus sp. 33.	rhodococcus sp. 33 can tolerate and efficiently degrade various concentrations of benzene, one of the most toxic and prevailing environmental pollutants. this strain produces a large quantity of extracellular polysaccharide (33 eps), which plays an important role in the benzene tolerance in rhodococcus sp. 33, especially by helping the cells to survive an initial challenge with benzene. this eps has been reported to be composed of d-galactose, d-glucose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, and pyruvic ...	2006	16442512
antibacterial activity of cefquinome against equine bacterial pathogens.	cefquinome is known for its use as an antibacterial drug in cattle and pigs. the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of cefquinome against equine pathogenic bacteria. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of cefquinome was determined for a total of 205 strains, which had recently been isolated in europe from diseased horses (respiratory infection, foal septicaemia). the bactericidal activity was tested against 19 strains using the time killing method. the post ...	2006	16455213
molecular cloning and expression of genes encoding a novel dioxygenase involved in low- and high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in mycobacterium vanbaalenii pyr-1.	mycobacterium vanbaalenii pyr-1 is able to metabolize a wide range of low- and high-molecular-weight (hmw) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). a 20-kda protein was upregulated in pah-metabolizing m. vanbaalenii pyr-1 cells compared to control cultures. the differentially expressed protein was identified as a beta subunit of the terminal dioxygenase using mass spectrometry. pcr with degenerate primers designed based on de novo sequenced peptides and a series of plaque hybridizations were don ...	2006	16461648
mycobacterium tuberculosis prcba genes encode a gated proteasome with broad oligopeptide specificity.	genes predicted to be associated with the putative proteasome of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) play a critical role in defence of the bacillus against nitrosative stress. however, proteasomes are uncommon in eubacteria and it remains to be established whether mtb's prcba genes in fact encode a proteasome. we found that coexpression of recombinant prcb and prca in escherichia coli over a prolonged period at 37 degrees c allowed formation of an alpha(7)beta(7)beta(7)alpha(7), 750 kda cylindrica ...	2006	16468985
j1 acylase, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase from bacillus laterosporus j1, is a member of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold superfamily.	j1 acylase, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (gca) isolated from bacillus laterosporus j1, has been conventionally grouped as the only member of class v gca, although its amino acid sequence shares less than 10% identity with members of other classes of gca. instead, it shows higher sequence similarities with rhodococcus sp. strain mb1 cocaine esterase (rhcoce) and acetobacter turbidans alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (ataeh), members of the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold superfamily. ...	2006	16469317
growth rate and nutrient limitation affect the transport of rhodococcus sp. strain dn22 through sand.	rhodococcus strain dn22 grows on the nitramine explosive rdx as a sole nitrogen source, and is potentially useful for bioremediation of explosives-contaminated soil. in order for strain dn22 to be effectively applied in situ, inoculum cells must reach zones of rdx contamination via passive transport, a process that is difficult to predict at field-scale. we examined the effect of growth conditions on the transport of dn22 cells through sand columns, using chemostat-grown cultures. strain dn22 fo ...	2006	16477351
identification and characterization of o-xylene-degrading rhodococcus spp. which were dominant species in the remediation of o-xylene-contaminated soils.	soils contaminated with o-xylene were more difficult to bioremediate than those contaminated with other btex hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-xylene and p-xylene). in order to identify microorganisms responsible for o-xylene degradation in soil, microbial community structure analyses were carried out with two soil samples in the presence of o-xylene and mineral nutrients. in two different soil samples, rhodococcus opacus became abundant. we were also able to isolate o-xylene degra ...	2007	16485082
fermentation reactor coupled with capillary electrophoresis for on-line bioprocess monitoring.	in this paper, a filter probe integrated into a computerized pneumatic sampler for capillary electroseparations was developed for an on-line monitoring of bioprocesses. the optimization of the performance of the coupled system was done by using a response surface modeling and three-level two-factor design. the resolution was found to be the most important parameter influencing the performance of an on-line analysis of the microbial metabolism. for the on-line analysis the migration time and dete ...	2006	16495032
transformation of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile to the persistent metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (bam) by soil bacteria known to harbour nitrile hydratase or nitrilase.	in soil the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil) is degraded to the persistent metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (bam) which has been detected in 19% of samples taken from danish groundwater. we tested if common soil bacteria harbouring nitrile-degrading enzymes, nitrile hydratases or nitrilases, were able to degrade dichlobenil in vitro. we showed that several strains degraded dichlobenil stoichiometrically to bam in 1.5-6.0 days; formation of the amide intermediate thus showed nitri ...	2006	16496093
[16s rdna-rflp analysis of actinomycetes associated with marine sponge hymeniacidon perleve].	106 culturable symbiotic actinomycetes strains were isolated from intertidal marine sponge hymeniacidon perleve collected from chinese yellow sea. the 16s rdna sequences of these strains were amplified and rflp patterns were analyzed by digestion of 16s rdna fragments with hha i. 11 different patterns were identified, with confirmation by the rflp analysis using vector nti simulation. using hha i rflp patterns, the actinomycetes could be identified at the genus level. phylogentic trees using 16s ...	2005	16496685
microbial succession in a compost-packed biofilter treating benzene-contaminated air.	air artificially contaminated with increasing concentrations of benzene was treated in a laboratory scale compost-packed biofilter for 240 days with a removal efficiency of 81-100%. the bacterial community in the packing material (pm) at different heights of the biofilter was analysed every 60 days. bacterial plate counts and ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (risa) of the isolated strains showed that the number of cultivable aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and the species diversity increased ...	2006	16502043
biological degradation of aflatoxin b1 by rhodococcus erythropolis cultures.	aflatoxin contamination of food and grain poses a serious economic and health problem worldwide, but particularly in africa. aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) is extremely mutagenic, toxic and a potent carcinogen to both humans and livestock and chronic exposure to low levels of afb(1) is a concern. in this study, the biodegradation of aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) by rhodococcus erythropolis was examined in liquid cultures using thin layer chromatography (tlc), high performance liquid chromatography (hplc), el ...	2006	16504326
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a bacterial l-amino-acid oxidase from rhodococcus opacus.	l-amino-acid oxidases (ec 1.4.3.2) catalyse the stereospecific oxidative deamination of an l-amino-acid substrate to an alpha-keto acid with the production of ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. in this study, the crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a bacterial l-amino-acid oxidase from rhodococcus opacus (rolaao) is described. rolaao is a dimeric protein consisting of two identical subunits of 489 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 54.2 kda and a non-covalently bound fad ...	2006	16511322
bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated polar soils.	bioremediation is increasingly viewed as an appropriate remediation technology for hydrocarbon-contaminated polar soils. as for all soils, the successful application of bioremediation depends on appropriate biodegradative microbes and environmental conditions in situ. laboratory studies have confirmed that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria typically assigned to the genera rhodococcus, sphingomonas or pseudomonas are present in contaminated polar soils. however, as indicated by the persistence of sp ...	2006	16514512
antimicrobial activity of gallium against virulent rhodococcus equiin vitro and in vivo.	rhodococcus equi, a facultative intracellular bacterium, causes severe pneumonia in foals. evidence suggests that most foals become infected very early in life, when they have immature or ineffective innate immune responses. this study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of gallium against r. equi, as a potential chemoprophylactic and therapeutic agent. rhodococcus equi was grown in media with various concentrations of gallium nitrate (gn), with and without excess iron. gn significantly inhibit ...	2006	16515666
selective biodegradation of s and n heterocycles by a recombinant rhodococcus erythropolis strain containing carbazole dioxygenase.	the carbazole dioxygenase genes were introduced into a dibenzothiophene degrader. the recombinant rhodococcus erythropolis sn8 was capable of efficiently degrading dibenzothiophene and carbazole simultaneously. sn8 could also degrade various alkylated derivatives of carbazole and dibenzothiophene in fs4800 crude oil by just a one-step bioprocess.	2006	16517679
biofilm development of the polyethylene-degrading bacterium rhodococcus ruber.	we have recently isolated a biofilm-producing strain (c208) of rhodococcus ruber that degraded polyethylene at a rate of 0.86% per week (r2=0.98). strain c208 adheres to polyethylene immediately upon exposure to the polyolefin. this initial biofilm differentiates (in a stepwise process that lasts about 20 h) into cell-aggregation-forming microcolonies. further organization yields "mushroom-like" three-dimensional structures on the mature biofilm. the ratio between the population densities of the ...	2006	16534612
a novel transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls by rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	we have characterized a biphenyl degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1. biphenyl-grown cells of strain rha1 efficiently transformed 45 components in the 62 major peaks of a polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) mixture of kanechlors 200, 300, 400, and 500 within 3 days, which includes mono- to octachlorobiphenyls. among the intermediate metabolites of pcb transformation, di- and trichlorobenzoic acids were identified. the gradual decrease of these chlorobenzoic acids during incubation indicated that th ...	1995	16535122
a long-chain secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from rhodococcus erythropolis atcc 4277.	a nad-dependent secondary alcohol dehydrogenase has been purified from the alkane-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus erythropolis atcc 4277. the enzyme was found to be active against a broad range of substrates, particularly long-chain secondary aliphatic alcohols. although optimal activity was observed with linear 2-alcohols containing between 6 and 11 carbon atoms, secondary alcohols as long as 2-tetradecanol were oxidized at 25% of the rate seen with mid-range alcohols. the purified enzyme was ...	1995	16535152
utilization of halogenated benzenes, phenols, and benzoates by rhodococcus opacus gm-14.	strain gm-14 was isolated by selective enrichment from contaminated soil with chlorobenzene as the sole source of carbon and energy. it utilizes an exceptionally wide spectrum of haloaromatic substrates. it is a gram-positive, weakly acid-fast actinomycete, with a morphological cycle from cocci and short rods to long rods and branched filaments; it grew optimally at 28(deg)c; and it tolerated 5% nacl in rich medium. the chemotaxonomic characteristics, the diagnostic biochemical tests, the whole- ...	1995	16535177
direct and rapid analysis of the adhesion of bacteria to solid surfaces: interaction of fluorescently labeled rhodococcus strain gin-1 (ncimb 40340) cells with titanium-rich particles.	a fluorimetric assay which enables direct and accurate analysis of the adhesion of bacteria to solid particles was developed. the assay is based on labeling of the bacteria with fluorescamine, which reacts with primary amino groups on the cell surface to yield a yellow fluorescence that is easily detectable by both fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorimetry. as an example, fluorescent labeling of rhodococcus strain gin-1 (ncimb 40340) cells enabled the detection and quantitative determinatio ...	1995	16535188
multiple polychlorinated biphenyl transformation systems in the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	the cloned bpha gene of the polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrader rhodococcus sp. strain rha1 was expressed in rhodococcus erythropolis iam1399 cells, resulting in the transformation of di-, tri-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls. disruption of the bpha1 gene in rha1 resulted in a lack of growth on biphenyl and a loss of pcb transformation activity. however, the bpha1 insertion mutant of rha1, designated rda1, retained the ability to transform pcb congeners when grown on ethylbenzene as its carbon sou ...	1995	16535201
enantioselective metabolism of chiral 3-phenylbutyric acid, an intermediate of linear alkylbenzene degradation, by rhodococcus rhodochrous pb1.	rhodococcus rhodochrous pb1 was isolated from compost soil by selective culture with racemic 3-phenylbutyric acid as the sole carbon and energy source. growth experiments with the single pure enantiomers as well as with the racemate showed that only one of the two enantiomers, (r)-3-phenylbutyric acid, supported growth of strain pb1. nevertheless, (s)-3-phenylbutyric acid was cometabolically transformed to, presumably, (s)-3-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)butyric acid (the absolute configuration at the c- ...	1996	16535265
initial hydrogenation and extensive reduction of substituted 2,4-dinitrophenols.	rhodococcus erythropolis hl 24-1 isolated as a 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading organism can utilize 2-chloro-4,6-dinitrophenol as the sole nitrogen, carbon, and energy source under aerobic conditions. this compound is metabolized with liberation of stoichiometric amounts of chloride and nitrite. under anaerobic conditions, 2,4-dinitrophenol was transiently accumulated in the culture fluid, indicating a reductive elimination of chloride. during aerobic bioconversion of 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol by r. ...	1996	16535270
kinetic analyses of desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by rhodococcus erythropolis in batch and fed-batch cultures.	the dbts(sup+) phenotype (which confers the ability to oxidize selectively the sulfur atom of dibenzothiophene [dbt] or dibenzothiophene sulfone [dbto(inf2)]) of rhodococcus erythropolis n1-36 was quantitatively characterized in batch and fed-batch cultures. in flask cultures, production of the desulfurization product, monohydroxybiphenyl (oh-bp), was maximal at ph 6.0, while specific productivity (oh-bp cell(sup-1)) was maximal at ph 5.5. quantitative measurements in fermentors (in both batch a ...	1996	16535315
kinetic analyses of desulfurization of dibenzothiophene by rhodococcus erythropolis in continuous cultures.	rhodococcus erythropolis n1-36, a desulfurization strain, was grown in continuous culture at 10 different dilution rates with 50 (mu)m dibenzothiophene sulfone (dbto(inf2)) as the growth-limiting nutrient. the steady-state biomass, concentrations of substrate (dbto(inf2)) and product (monohydroxybiphenyl), saturation constant (0.39 (mu)m dbto(inf2)), and cell yield coefficient (9 mg of biomass(middot)(mu)m(sup-1) dbto(inf2)) were measured. continuous cultures at five temperatures allowed calcula ...	1996	16535390