Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| hypersusceptibility of the pseudomonas aeruginosa nfxb mutant to beta-lactams due to reduced expression of the ampc beta-lactamase. | the pseudomonas aeruginosa nfxb mutant lacking mexab-oprm showed hypersusceptibility to 9 out of 24 beta-lactams tested. this hypersusceptibility was found for the nfxb mutant lacking mexab-oprm-mexxy (n108) but not for the nfxb mutant lacking both mexab-oprm-mexxy and ampc. the level of the ampc beta-lactamase induction was reduced in n108. thus, the reduced ampc induction must be the cause of the hypersusceptibility. | 2001 | 11257048 |
| interaction of bladder glycoprotein gp51 with uropathogenic bacteria. | a major component of bladder surface mucin is a glycoprotein gp51 (molecular weight 51 kd.). gp51, which has previously been isolated from rabbit mucosa, appears to function as part of the defense mechanism in an in vivo infection model. gp51 coats the epithelium and is secreted into the urine, as detected by immunohistochemical testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). increased urinary gp51 occurs during urinary tract infection. to elucidate the role of gp51 as a component of the ... | 2001 | 11257713 |
| identification of a non-haem catalase in salmonella and its regulation by rpos (sigmas). | we report the identification and functional analysis of katn, a gene encoding a non-haem catalase of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. katn, which is not present in escherichia coli, is located between the ycigfe and ycid e. coli homologues in the salmonella genome. its predicted protein product has a molecular weight of 31 826 da and is similar to the mn-catalases of lactobacillus plantarum and thermus spp. its product, katn, was visualized as a 37 kda protein in e. coli maxicells. a ka ... | 2001 | 11260470 |
| isolation and 16s rrna sequence analysis of the beneficial bacteria from the rhizosphere of rice. | the present study deals with the isolation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) from rice (variety niab irri-9) and the beneficial effects of these inoculants on two basmati rice varieties. nitrogen-fixing activity (acetylene-reduction activity) was detected in the roots and submerged shoots of field-grown rice variety niab irri-9. estimation of the population size of diazotrophic bacteria by ara-based mpn (acetylene reduction assay-based most probable number) in roots and shoots indic ... | 2001 | 11261489 |
| the imd gene is required for local cecropin expression in drosophila barrier epithelia. | surfaces of higher eukaryotes are normally covered with microorganisms but are usually not infected by them. innate immunity and the expression of gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the first line of defence in higher animals. the immune response in drosophila promotes systemic expression of antimicrobial peptides in response to microbial infection. we now demonstrate that the epidermal cells underlying the cuticle of larvae respond to infected wounds by local expression ... | 2001 | 11266367 |
| activation of the drosophila nf-kappab factor relish by rapid endoproteolytic cleavage. | the rel/nf-kappab transcription factor relish plays a key role in the humoral immune response in drosophila. we now find that activation of this innate immune response is preceded by rapid proteolytic cleavage of relish into two parts. an n-terminal fragment, containing the dna-binding rel homology domain, translocates to the nucleus where it binds to the promoter of the cecropin a1 gene and probably to the promoters of other antimicrobial peptide genes. the c-terminal ikappab-like fragment rema ... | 2000 | 11269501 |
| the drosophila caspase dredd is required to resist gram-negative bacterial infection. | the drosophila innate immune system discriminates between pathogens and responds by inducing the expression of specific antimicrobial peptide-encoding genes through distinct signaling cascades. fungal infection activates nf-kappab-like transcription factors via the toll pathway, which also regulates innate immune responses in mammals. the pathways that mediate antibacterial defenses, however, are less defined. we have isolated loss-of-function mutations in the caspase encoding gene dredd, which ... | 2000 | 11269502 |
| adhesion of type 1-fimbriated escherichia coli to abiotic surfaces leads to altered composition of outer membrane proteins. | phenotypic differences between planktonic bacteria and those attached to abiotic surfaces exist, but the mechanisms involved in the adhesion response of bacteria are not well understood. by the use of two-dimensional (2d) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, we have demonstrated that attachment of escherichia coli to abiotic surfaces leads to alteration in the composition of outer membrane proteins. a major decrease in the abundance of resolved proteins was observed during adhesion of type 1-fimb ... | 2001 | 11274103 |
| endophytic colonization of rice by a diazotrophic strain of serratia marcescens. | six closely related n2-fixing bacterial strains were isolated from surface-sterilized roots and stems of four different rice varieties. the strains were identified as serratia marcescens by 16s rrna gene analysis. one strain, irbg500, chosen for further analysis showed acetylene reduction activity (ara) only when inoculated into media containing low levels of fixed nitrogen (yeast extract). diazotrophy of irbg500 was confirmed by measurement of 15n2 incorporation and by sequence analysis of the ... | 2001 | 11274124 |
| the gata factor serpent is required for the onset of the humoral immune response in drosophila embryos. | innate immunity in drosophila is characterized by the inducible expression of antimicrobial peptides. we have investigated the development and regulation of immune responsiveness in drosophila embryos after infection. immune competence, as monitored by the induction of cecropin a1-lacz constructs, was observed first in the embryonic yolk. this observation suggests that the yolk plays an important role in the humoral immune response of the developing embryo by synthesizing antimicrobial peptides. ... | 2001 | 11274409 |
| relationship of hydrogen bioavailability to chromate reduction in aquifer sediments. | biological cr(vi) reduction was studied in anaerobic sediments from an aquifer in norman, okla. microcosms containing sediment and mineral medium were amended with various electron donors to determine those most important for biological cr(vi) reduction. cr(vi) (about 340 microm) was reduced with endogenous substrates (no donor), or acetate was added. the addition of formate, hydrogen, and glucose stimulated cr(vi) reduction compared with reduction in unamended controls. from these sediments, an ... | 2001 | 11282599 |
| genotypic analysis of escherichia coli strains from poultry carcasses and their susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents. | plasmid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis were used to genotype 50 escherichia coli strains from poultry carcasses. thirty different plasmid profiles were evident, and clustering of the aflp data showed that they were a distinctly heterogeneous group of strains. susceptibility testing against five antimicrobial agents used in the south african poultry industry showed all strains to be susceptible to danofloxacin and colistin, while the majority (96%) were resis ... | 2001 | 11282652 |
| simultaneous detection of neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae in suspected cases of meningitis and septicemia using real-time pcr. | a single-tube 5' nuclease multiplex pcr assay was developed on the abi 7700 sequence detection system (taqman) for the detection of neisseria meningitidis, haemophilus influenzae, and streptococcus pneumoniae from clinical samples of cerebrospinal fluid (csf), plasma, serum, and whole blood. capsular transport (ctra), capsulation (bexa), and pneumolysin (ply) gene targets specific for n. meningitidis, h. influenzae, and s. pneumoniae, respectively, were selected. using sequence-specific fluoresc ... | 2001 | 11283086 |
| wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management. | the majority of dermal wounds are colonized with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that originate predominantly from mucosal surfaces such as those of the oral cavity and gut. the role and significance of microorganisms in wound healing has been debated for many years. while some experts consider the microbial density to be critical in predicting wound healing and infection, others consider the types of microorganisms to be of greater importance. however, these and other factors such as micro ... | 2001 | 11292638 |
| mechanism of reaction of acyl phosph(on)ates with the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99. | a series of acyl phosph(on)ates has been prepared to more closely examine the details of the interactions of this class of molecule with beta-lactamases. in general, they were found to react with the class c beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99 in two ways, by acylation and by phosphylation. the acyl-enzymes generated by the former reaction were transiently stable with half-lives of between 3 and 45 s, of comparable lifetime therefore to those generated by the inhibitory beta-lactams cefot ... | 2001 | 11294628 |
| the relative catalytic efficiency of beta-lactamase catalyzed acyl and phosphyl transfer. | phosphonamidates which bear a simple resemblance to penicillin type structures have been synthesised as potential inhibitors of beta-lactamases: -ethyl n-(benzyloxycarbonyl) amidomethyl phosphonyl amides, phch(2)oconhch(2)p(o)(oet)nr(2), the amines hnr(2) being l-proline, d-proline, l-thiazolidine, and o-anthranilic acid. the proline derivatives completely and irreversibly inactivated the class c beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99, in a time-dependent manner, indicative of covalent inh ... | 2001 | 11300697 |
| isolation and characterization of the enterobacter cloacae cher mutant defective in phosphate taxis. | a chemotaxis-defective mutant of enterobacter cloacae ifo3320, designated ec1, was isolated after n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (ntg) mutagenesis. computer-assisted capillary assays showed that ec1 failed to show chemotactic responses to peptone and inorganic phosphate (pi). cloning and sequence analysis showed that ec1 is a cher mutant, suggesting that pi taxis by e. cloacae is dependent on a methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein(s) (mcp). ec1 was further mutagenized with ntg to construct ... | 2001 | 11302189 |
| plasmid-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase (imp-6) conferring resistance to carbapenems, especially meropenem. | in 1996, serratia marcescens ku3838 was isolated from the urine of a patient with a urinary tract infection at a hospital in northern japan and was found to contain the plasmid pku501. previously, we determined that pku501 carries bla(imp) and the genes for tem-1-type beta-lactamases as well as producing both types of beta-lactamases (h. yano, a. kuga, k. irinoda, r. okamoto, t. kobayashi, and m. inoue, j. antibiot. 52:1135-1139, 1999). pku502 is a recombinant plasmid that contains a 1.5-kb dna ... | 2001 | 11302793 |
| prolonged antimicrobial activity of a catheter containing chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine extends protection against catheter infections in vivo. | the present study evaluated in vitro and in vivo a new chlorhexidine (c)-silver sulfadiazine (s) vascular catheter (the cs2 catheter) characterized by a higher c content and by the extended release of the surface-bound antimicrobials. the cs2 catheter was compared with a first-generation, commercially available cs catheter (the cs1 catheter). the cs2 catheter produced slightly smaller zones of inhibition (mean difference, 0.9 mm [p < 0.001]) at 24 h against staphylococcus aureus and five other m ... | 2001 | 11302823 |
| [enterobacter cloacae epidemic on a neonatal intensive care unit due to the use of contaminated thermometers]. | from december 1999 to march 2000 a nosocomial outbreak of multiresistant enterobacter cloacae occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) at the vu medical center, amsterdam, the netherlands. twenty-six patients were infected or colonized with this strain resistant to third generation cephalosporins and with decreased sensitivity for aminoglycosides. three neonates experienced sepsis with e. cloacae with serious clinical symptoms and two of them died. comparison of the enterobacter isola ... | 2001 | 11305216 |
| variability and interactions between endophytic bacteria and fungi isolated from leaf tissues of citrus rootstocks. | fungi and bacteria were isolated from surface disinfected leaf tissues of several citrus rootstocks. the principal bacterial species isolated were alcaligenes sp., bacillus spp. (including b. cereus, b. lentus, b. megaterium, b. pumilus, and b. subtilis), burkholderia cepacia, curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, enterobacter cloacae, methylobacterium extorquens, and pantoea agglomerans, with p. agglomerans and b. pumilus being the most frequently isolated species. the most abundant fungal species wer ... | 2001 | 11315114 |
| probiotic activities of lactobacillus casei rhamnosus: in vitro adherence to intestinal cells and antimicrobial properties. | the interest of probiotics as remedies for a broad number of gastrointestinal and other infectious diseases has gained wide interest over the last few years, but little is known about their underlying mechanism of action. in this study, the probiotic activities of a human isolate of lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus strain (lcr35) were investigated. using intestinal caco-2 cell line in an in vitro model, we demonstrated that this strain exhibited adhesive properties. the inhibitory effects of ... | 2001 | 11316370 |
| evaluation of an automated culture system for detecting bacterial contamination of platelets: an analysis with 15 contaminating organisms. | approximately 1 in 2000 platelet components are bacterially contaminated. the time to detection of 15 seeded organisms in platelets recovered from an automated culture system was studied. | 2001 | 11316897 |
| h(2)o(2) produced by viridans group streptococci may contribute to inhibition of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus colonization of oral cavities in newborns. | in an accompanying report, we showed that viridans group streptococci may prevent methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) colonization of the oral cavities of newborns. in the present study, we investigated the mechanism of prevention in vitro. most viridans group streptococci had bacteriocin-like activity and killed mrsa, burkholderia cepacia, enterobacter aerogenes, and pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and candida albicans were resistant. the ... | 2001 | 11317240 |
| [activity of cefepime compared with other antibiotics against major hospital bacterial pathogens]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate susceptibility of 976 bacterial isolates from nosocomial infections to cefepime and 9 other antibiotics used in the treatment of hospitalised patients. bacterial strains were mainly derived from wound and soft tissue infections, sputum, abscesses and blood. the most prevalent etiologic agents were: pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.7%), escherichia coli (13.8%), staphyloccocus aureus (9.7%, acinetobacter baumannii (9.12%), klebsiella pneumoniae (7.38%), enterobacter ... | 2001 | 11320582 |
| asparagine 23 and aspartate 305 are essential residues in the active site of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase from enterobacter cloacae. | udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) catalyzes the transfer of the intact enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) to the 3'-hydroxyl group of udp-n-acetylglucosamine (udpnag). this reaction constitutes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan (murein). the transfer reaction involves the nucleophilic attack of the 3'-hydroxyl group of udpnag at the c-2 of pep. the three-dimensional structure of mura complexed with ud ... | 2001 | 11327813 |
| enterobacter sakazakii infection in the newborn. | enterobacter sakazakii, a gram-negative bacillus, previously known as "yellow pigmented enterobacter cloacae", is a rare cause of neonatal infection. we describe the detailed clinical presentation of two cases in whom e. sakazakii was isolated in our neonatal service during the course of 1 mo. these include one case of sepsis and meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction, and one case of sepsis. in addition, three cases of intestinal colonization were identified. the source of the organism w ... | 2001 | 11332182 |
| antibiotic selective pressure and development of bacterial resistance. | this study evaluates the development of resistance in gram-negative rods to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and amikacin, meropenem and ampicillin/sulbactam over a five year period of use (1994-1998) at the university hospital in olomouc, czech republic. the development of bacterial resistance was linked with antibiotic use and hence selective pressure which was specific for the type of antibiotic and the bacterial species. statistically significant correlatio ... | 2001 | 11337221 |
| in vitro activities of ertapenem (mk-0826) against recent clinical bacteria collected in europe and australia. | ertapenem (mk-0826, l-749,345) is a 1-beta-methyl carbapenem with a long serum half-life. its in vitro activity was determined by broth microdilution against 3,478 bacteria from 12 centers in europe and australia, with imipenem, cefepime, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin-tazobactam used as comparators. ertapenem was the most active agent tested against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic(90)s) of < or =1 microg/ml for all species. ertapene ... | 2001 | 11353638 |
| centa as a chromogenic substrate for studying beta-lactamases. | centa, a chromogenic cephalosporin, is readily hydrolyzed by beta-lactamases of all classes except for the aeromonas hydrophila metalloenzyme. although it cannot practically be used for the detection of beta-lactamase-producing strains on agar plates, it should be quite useful for kinetic studies and the detection of the enzymes in crude extracts and chromatographic fractions. | 2001 | 11353639 |
| in vitro activities of three nonfluorinated quinolones against representative bacterial isolates. | in vitro susceptibility tests were performed to document the inhibitory activities of three nonfluorinated quinolone (nfq) compounds (pge 9262932, pge 9509924, and pge 4175997) compared to those of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin against 3,030 bacterial isolates. the spectra of the nfq agents included most gram-positive species as well as quinolone-susceptible enterobacteriaceae. ciprofloxacin-resistant, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains were inhibited by the nfq ... | 2001 | 11353655 |
| transcriptional regulation of the enterobacter cloacae uw4 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase gene (acds). | based on dna sequence analysis and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) deaminase activity, the region of dna immediately upstream of the enterobacter cloacae uw4 acc deaminase gene (acds) contains several features that appear to be involved in its transcriptional regulation. in the present study, the 5' upstream region of acds was cloned into the promoter-probe vector, pqf70, which carries the promoterless luciferase gene (luxab), and luciferase expression was monitored. the data obtained fr ... | 2001 | 11358176 |
| levels of acc and related compounds in exudate and extracts of canola seeds treated with acc deaminase-containing plant growth-promoting bacteria. | it was previously proposed that plant growth-promoting bacteria that possess 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase could utilize acc that is present in the exudate of germinating canola seeds. the uptake and cleavage of acc by these bacteria would lower the level of acc, and thus ethylene within the plant, and reduce the extent of its inhibition on root elongation. to test part of the above mentioned model, acc levels were monitored in canola seed tissues and exudate during germi ... | 2001 | 11358177 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationships in two-electron reduction of nitroaromatic compounds by enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase. | enterobacter cloacae nad(p)h:nitroreductase (nr; ec 1.6.99.7) catalyzes the reduction of a series of nitroaromatic compounds with steady-state bimolecular rate constants (kcat/km) ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) m(-1) s(-1). in agreement with a previously proposed scheme of two-step four-electron reduction of nitroaromatics by nr (koder, r. l., and miller, a.-f. (1998) biochim. biophys. acta 1387, 395-405), 2 mol nadh per mole mononitrocompound were oxidized. an oxidation of excess nadh by polinitro ... | 2001 | 11361014 |
| inhibition of class c beta-lactamases: structure of a reaction intermediate with a cephem sulfone. | the crystallographic structure of the enterobacter cloacae gc1 extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamase, inhibited by a new 7-alkylidenecephalosporin sulfone, has been determined by x-ray diffraction at 100 k to a resolution of 1.6 a. the crystal structure was solved by molecular replacement using the unliganded structure [crichlow et al. (1999) biochemistry 38, 10256-10261] and refined to a crystallographic r-factor equal to 0.183 (r(free) 0.208). cryoquenching of the reaction of the sulfone wi ... | 2001 | 11371184 |
| plasmid-encoded phthalate catabolic pathway in arthrobacter keyseri 12b. | several 2-substituted benzoates (including 2-trifluoromethyl-, 2-chloro-, 2-bromo-, 2-iodo-, 2-nitro-, 2-methoxy-, and 2-acetyl-benzoates) were converted by phthalate-grown arthrobacter keyseri (formerly micrococcus sp.) 12b to the corresponding 2-substituted 3,4-dihydroxybenzoates (protocatechuates). because these products lack a carboxyl group at the 2 position, they were not substrates for the next enzyme of the phthalate catabolic pathway, 3,4-dihydroxyphthalate 2-decarboxylase, and accumula ... | 2001 | 11371533 |
| hydrolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and their aerobic transformation into phenol by the resistant enterobacter cloacae strain em. | enterobacter cloacae strain em was isolated from a commercial dietary mineral supplement stabilized by a mixture of methylparaben and propylparaben. it harbored a high-molecular-weight plasmid and was resistant to high concentrations of parabens. strain em was able to grow in liquid media containing similar amounts of parabens as found in the mineral supplement (1,700 and 180 mg of methyl and propylparaben, respectively, per liter or 11.2 and 1.0 mm) and in very high concentrations of methylpara ... | 2001 | 11375144 |
| complete denitration of nitroglycerin by bacteria isolated from a washwater soakaway. | four axenic bacterial species capable of biodegrading nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate [gtn]) were isolated from soil samples taken from a washwater soakaway at a disused gtn manufacturing plant. the isolates were identified by 16s rrna gene sequence homology as pseudomonas putida, an arthrobacter species, a klebsiella species, and a rhodococcus species. each of the isolates utilized gtn as its sole nitrogen source and removed nitro groups sequentially from gtn to produce glycerol dinitrates a ... | 2001 | 11375172 |
| burkholderia, a genus rich in plant-associated nitrogen fixers with wide environmental and geographic distribution. | the genus burkholderia comprises 19 species, including burkholderia vietnamiensis which is the only known n(2)-fixing species of this bacterial genus. the first isolates of b. vietnamiensis were recovered from the rhizosphere of rice plants grown in a phytotron, but its existence in natural environments and its geographic distribution were not reported. in the present study, most n(2)-fixing isolates recovered from the environment of field-grown maize and coffee plants cultivated in widely separ ... | 2001 | 11375196 |
| three days of incubation may be sufficient for routine blood cultures with bact/alert fan blood culture bottles. | bact/alert fan blood culture bottles have been shown to enhance the recovery of bacteria and yeast from blood compared with standard bact/alert bottles. it is well established that standard bact/alert blood culture bottles require no more than 5 days of incubation for the detection of routine bacteria and yeast. it is less clear, however, whether fan bottles also routinely require 5 days of incubation. to address this question, we recently reviewed the results of 17,887 blood culture sets collec ... | 2001 | 11376038 |
| controlled comparison of original vented aerobic fan medium with new nonvented bact/alert fa medium for culturing blood. | to evaluate the performance of bact/alert fa (fa) medium, a new aerobic bact/alert fan (fan) medium (organon teknika corporation, durham, n.c.) that does not require the added cost and inconvenience of a venting unit, we inoculated blood specimens from adult patients with suspected sepsis into an original fan aerobic culture bottle and an fa bottle. of 7,745 blood culture sets containing both bottles, 5,256 (68%) met the criteria for adequacy of filling. a total of 466 isolates judged to represe ... | 2001 | 11376041 |
| biofilm formation by gram-negative bacteria on central venous catheter connectors: effect of conditioning films in a laboratory model. | human blood components have been shown to enhance biofilm formation by gram-positive bacteria. we investigated the effect of human blood on biofilm formation on the inner lumen of needleless central venous catheter connectors by several gram-negative bacteria, specifically enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and pantoea agglomerans. results suggest that a conditioning film of blood components promotes biofilm formation by these organisms in an in vitro system. | 2001 | 11376074 |
| reduction in colonization and nosocomial infection by multiresistant bacteria in a neonatal unit after institution of educational measures and restriction in the use of cephalosporins. | previous administration of third-generation cephalosporins predisposes to colonization and infections by multiresistant enterobacter sp. the emergence of multiresistant bacteria infections in a neonatal unit during 1995, especially enterobacter cloacae, stimulated this study. | 2001 | 11391273 |
| expression of the acc deaminase gene fromenterobacter cloacae uw4 in azospirillum brasilense. | the acc deaminase structural gene (acds) from enterobacter cloacae uw4 was cloned in the broad host range plasmid prk415 under the control of the lac promoter and transferred into azospirillum brasilense cd and sp245. a. brasilensecd and sp245 transformants showed high acc deaminase activity, similar to that observed in enterobacter cloacae uw4. the expression of acc deaminase improved the existing growth promoting activity of azospirillum. the roots of tomato and canola seedlings were significa ... | 2001 | 11391466 |
| [antimicrobial resistance of coliform isolates from expressed human milk]. | the dispersion of potentially pathogenic, antibiotic-resistant microorganisms via expressed human milk can be considered a risk factor. the aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of coliform isolates from expressed human milk and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. the sampling scheme followed a totally randomized design, using 837 samples of expressed human milk. of these, 71 (8.48%) were identified as contaminated with total coliforms, although in none of the sample ... | 2001 | 11395808 |
| [isolation and characterization of injured coliforms from the drinking water distribution network of la plata, argentina]. | we screened the la plata drinking water distribution network for fecal and total coliform bacterial indicator by purification procedures, cultivating 66 membrane-filtered samples from the two networks on m-t7 agar. subterranean and river-derived water yielded 13 and 18 confirmed gram-negative bacillus isolates, with 54% and 72% representing total coliforms, respectively. those from the former source were klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter agglomerans, and enterobacter aerogenes and from the latter ... | 2001 | 11407022 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals high intrinsic resistance to penem antibiotics: penem resistance mechanisms and their interplay. | pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits high intrinsic resistance to penem antibiotics such as faropenem, ritipenem, ama3176, sulopenem, sch29482, and sch34343. to investigate the mechanisms contributing to penem resistance, we used the laboratory strain pao1 to construct a series of isogenic mutants with an impaired multidrug efflux system mexab-oprm and/or impaired chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase. the outer membrane barrier of pao1 was partially eliminated by inducing the expression of the plasmid-enc ... | 2001 | 11408209 |
| molecular characterization of a novel plasmid-encoded cefotaximase (ctx-m-12) found in clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from kenya. | nine klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, six from blood and three from cerebrospinal fluid of newborn babies at kenyatta national hospital, nairobi, kenya, were analyzed for the mechanism of cephalosporin resistance. by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of xbai-digested chromosomal dna, all the nine isolates were found to be clonal. pcr and direct sequencing revealed a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, which we designated ctx-m-12. it has a more potent hydrolytic activity against cefotaxi ... | 2001 | 11408239 |
| nosocomial necrotising enterocolitis outbreaks: epidemiology and control measures. | necrotising enterocolitis (nec) is one of the most serious gastrointestinal diseases among newborns and it mainly affects those in intensive care units. the aetiology of the disease has been reported to be multifactorial and both sporadic cases and nosocomial outbreaks have occurred. in this report, we review 17 epidemics of nec reported in the literature between 1973 and 1999. the number of confirmed cases ranged from 1 to 32 with an average of 10.5 confirmed cases. on average, 16.15% of cases ... | 2001 | 11421422 |
| standardized method of measuring acanthamoeba antibodies in sera from healthy human subjects. | acanthamoeba species can cause serious, debilitating, and sometimes life-threatening infections. three groups have been identified using morphological and immunological comparisons. previous serological studies have utilized a variety of antigen preparations and assay methods and reported disparate (3 to 100%) results. this study was designed to (i) optimize an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting serum antibodies to each of the acanthamoeba serogroups and (ii) test 55 healthy individ ... | 2001 | 11427418 |
| identification and strain differentiation of vibrio cholerae by using polyclonal antibodies against outer membrane proteins. | cholera is caused only by o1 and o139 vibrio cholerae strains. for diagnosis, 3 working days are needed for bacterial isolation from human feces and for biochemical characterization. here we describe the purification of bacterial outer membrane proteins (omp) from v. cholerae o1 ogawa, o1 inaba, and o139 strains, as well as the production of specific antisera and their use for fecal vibrio antigen detection. anti-omp antisera showed very high reactivity and specificity by enzyme-linked immunosor ... | 2001 | 11427424 |
| potential impact of the vitek 2 system and the advanced expert system on the clinical laboratory of a university-based hospital. | a study was designed to assess the impact of the vitek 2 automated system and the advanced expert system (aes) on the clinical laboratory of a typical university-based hospital. a total of 259 consecutive, nonduplicate isolates of enterobacteriaceae members, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were collected and tested by the vitek 2 system for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the results were analyzed by the aes. the results were also analyzed by a huma ... | 2001 | 11427542 |
| development of a pcr assay for identification of staphylococci at genus and species levels. | we have developed a pcr-based assay which allows the detection of staphylococci at the genus level by targeting the tuf gene, which encodes the elongation factor tu. degenerate pcr primers derived from consensus regions of several tuf genes were used to amplify a target region of 884 bp from 11 representative staphylococcal species. subsequently, the entire nucleotide sequence of these amplicons was determined. the analysis of a multiple alignment of these sequences revealed regions conserved am ... | 2001 | 11427566 |
| diagnosis of bacteriuria by detection of volatile organic compounds in urine using an automated headspace analyzer with multiple conducting polymer sensors. | the osmetech microbial analyzer (oma) is an automated headspace analyzer fitted with a novel detector system consisting of an array of polymer sensors, each of which responds to different volatile organic compounds. the system can be used for screening clinical urine specimens for significant bacteriuria by sampling urine headspace and subjecting the output of the multiple-detector response to principal component analysis. the oma readily distinguished artificially infected urine samples from st ... | 2001 | 11427574 |
| an outbreak of multiply resistant enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit. | 2001 | 11428886 | |
| kinetic study of two novel enantiomeric tricyclic beta-lactams which efficiently inactivate class c beta-lactamases. | a detailed kinetic study of the interaction between two ethylidene derivatives of tricyclic carbapenems, lek 156 and lek 157, and representative beta-lactamases and d-alanyl-d-alanine peptidases (dd-peptidases) is presented. both compounds are very efficient inactivators of the enterobacter cloacae 908r beta-lactamase, which is usually resistant to inhibition. preliminary experiments indicate that various extended-spectrum class c beta-lactamases (act-1, cmy-1, and mir-1) are also inactivated. w ... | 2001 | 11451677 |
| novel cefotaximase (ctx-m-16) with increased catalytic efficiency due to substitution asp-240-->gly. | three clinical strains (escherichia coli rio-6, e. coli rio-7, and enterobacter cloacae rio-9) collected in 1996 and 1999 from hospitals in rio de janeiro (brazil) were resistant to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and gave a positive double-disk synergy test. two bla(ctx-m) genes encoding beta-lactamases of pl 7.9 and 8.2 were implicated in this resistance: the bla(ctx-m-9) gene observed in e. coli rio-7 and e. cloacae rio-9 and a novel ctx-m-encoding gene, designated bla(ctx-m-16), observed in e. ... | 2001 | 11451684 |
| novel class a beta-lactamase sed-1 from citrobacter sedlakii: genetic diversity of beta-lactamases within the citrobacter genus. | citrobacter sedlakii 2596, a clinical strain resistant to aminopenicillins, carboxypenicillins, and early cephalosporins such as cephalothin, but remaining susceptible to acylureidopenicillins, carbapenems, and later cephalosporins such as cefotaxime, was isolated from the bile of a patient treated with beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics. the isolate produced an inducible class a beta-lactamase of pi 8.6, named sed-1, which was purified. characterized by a molecular mass of 30 kda, sed-1 pref ... | 2001 | 11451687 |
| molecular characterization of chromosomal class c beta-lactamase and its regulatory gene in ochrobactrum anthropi. | ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly known as cdc group vd, is an oxidase-producing, gram-negative, obligately aerobic, non-lactose-fermenting bacillus of low virulence that occasionally causes human infections. it is highly resistant to all beta-lactams except imipenem. a clinical isolate, slo74, and six reference strains were tested. mics of penicillins, aztreonam, and most cephalosporins tested, including cefotaxime and ceftazidime, were >128 microg/ml and of cefepime were 64 to >128 microg/ml. cl ... | 2001 | 11451692 |
| mutation in serratia marcescens ampc beta-lactamase producing high-level resistance to ceftazidime and cefpirome. | starting from a clinical isolate of serratia marcescens that produced a chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamase inducibly, we isolated by stepwise selection two laboratory mutants that showed high levels of resistance to some cephalosporins. the 98r mutant apparently overproduced the unaltered beta-lactamase constitutively, but the 520r mutant produced an altered enzyme, also constitutively. ceftazidime and cefpirome mics for the 520r mutant were much higher (512 and 64 microg/ml, respectively ... | 2001 | 11451693 |
| in vitro activities of abt-773, a new ketolide, against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from antral sinus puncture specimens from patients with sinusitis. | the comparative in vitro activities of abt-773 against 207 aerobic and 162 anaerobic antral sinus puncture isolates showed that erythromycin-resistant pneumococcal strains were susceptible to abt-773 (< or =0.125 microg/ml); the mic at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited for haemophilus influenzae and other haemophilus spp. was 4 microg/ml; and all moraxella spp. and beta-lactamase-producing prevotella species strains were inhibited by < or =0.125 microg/ml. among the anaerobes teste ... | 2001 | 11451698 |
| efficacy of cefepime versus ceftazidime in the treatment of adult pneumonia. | effective empiric treatment of pneumonia requires antibiotic coverage against gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens, including drug-resistant isolates. this study evaluated the efficacy of cefepime treatment in 20 patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and 21 patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), and ceftazidime treatment in 20 patients with hap. the mean age of patients was over 70 years. more than half of the patients had multiple lobe involvement. there was no signifi ... | 2001 | 11456359 |
| tract microflora in saudi patients with cholelithiasis. | to identify the microflora in the gallbladder of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones, and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates, as well as the usefulness of gram staining of bile at the time of operation. | 2001 | 11469952 |
| properties of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by a strain of enterobacter isolated from pond water. | a bacterium which was isolated from pond water and identified as enterobacter cloacae produced a viscous extracellular polysaccharide when it was grown aerobically in a medium containing sucrose as a sole source of carbon. the maximum molecular weight of the polysaccharide was about 9.0 x 10(5). the polysaccharide was composed of fucose, galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 2:3:2:1, but the molecular weight and the molar ratio of the sugar component were different from tho ... | 2001 | 11471742 |
| resistance to antibiotics in injured coliforms isolated from drinking water. | we studied the antibiotic sensitivity of injured coliforms isolated from drinking water of la plata, argentina. the antibiotic sensitivity test by the agar diffusion method were proved in: klebsiella oxytoca (14 strains), enterobacter aerogenes (4 strains) and enterobacter cloacae genomic group 3 (14 strains). we found that while these impaired total coliforms were sensitive to piperacillin-tazobactam (taz), netilmicin (ntl), ofloxacin (oflx), and norfloxacin (nflx) (100%), they had resistant to ... | 2001 | 11471826 |
| isolation and in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate from streptomyces humidus. | the antifungal substances sh-1 and sh-2 were isolated from streptomyces humidus strain s5-55 cultures by various purification procedures and identified as phenylacetic acid and sodium phenylacetate, respectively, based on the nuclear magnetic resonance, electron ionization mass spectral, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectral data. sh-1 and sh-2 completely inhibited the growth of pythium ultimum, phytophthora capsici, rhizoctonia solani, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and pseudomonas syringae p ... | 2001 | 11472958 |
| transmission of hepatitis c virus in a gynecological surgery setting. | a cluster of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections among gynecological patients who underwent surgical intervention in the same setting is described. an epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the cases, the likely source of infection, and the route of transmission. four recent hcv infections were identified. based on molecular fingerprinting analysis and epidemiological investigation, transmission between the putative source patient (an hcv-positive woman who was the first patient ... | 2001 | 11474004 |
| characterization of clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 laboratories using the national committee for clinical laboratory standards extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection methods. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are enzymes found in gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. in 1999, the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) published methods for screening and confirming the presence of esbls in klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, and escherichia coli. to evaluate the confirmation protocol, we tested 139 isolates of k. pneumoniae that were sent to project icare (intensive care an ... | 2001 | 11474005 |
| comparison of the bact/alert pf pediatric fan blood culture bottle with the standard pediatric blood culture bottle, the pedi-bact. | the performance of the bact/alert pf (organon-teknika corp., durham, n.c.), a new nonvented pediatric fan blood culture bottle, was compared to that of the original pediatric bottle, the pedi-bact, with matched aerobic cultures obtained from two separate facilities. a total of 244 clinically significant isolates were recovered from 4,015 compliant pairs. among the positive cultures, 170 (70%) isolates were detected in both the bact/alert pf and the pedi-bact bottles, while 47 (19%) isolates were ... | 2001 | 11474007 |
| evaluation of bactec myco/f lytic medium for recovery of mycobacteria, fungi, and bacteria from blood. | myco/f lytic medium (mfl), a liquid medium developed for use with the bactec 9240 blood culture system, was compared to the isolator system (is) for the recovery of fungi and to the bactec 13a medium for the recovery of mycobacteria. recovery of bacteria was compared to routine bactec plus aerobic/f (af) blood cultures. microbial growth was detected in 203 (17%) of 1,166 blood cultures. fifty-seven specimens were positive for fungi: 35 were positive with both is and mfl; six were positive with i ... | 2001 | 11474016 |
| evaluation of vitek 2 rapid identification and susceptibility testing system against gram-negative clinical isolates. | a total of 281 strains of miscellaneous members of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and other gram-negative bacteria were evaluated by use of identification tests with the vitek 2 system (biomérieux) and an api identification system (biomérieux). a total of 237 (95%) strains were correctly identified to the species level. only six (2.1%) strains were misidentified, and eight (2.8%) strains were not identified. among 14 strains with discrepant identifications, 8 (57.1%) stra ... | 2001 | 11474023 |
| cefepime in vitro activity against derepressed extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing and non-esbl-producing enterobacter cloacae by a disc diffusion method. | 2001 | 11481313 | |
| rapid contrasting of ultrathin sections using microwave irradiation with heat dissipation. | the use of microwave irradiation (mwi) to accelerate fixation, dehydration and contrasting (staining) for electron microscopy has been applied to the development of rapid methods to process biological samples in electron microscopy. a simple explanation is that the reduced time in those procedures is due to heating. in this paper we propose a contrasting method for thin sections that avoids the thermal effects of mwi. grids with thin sections of mouse kidney, the dinoflagellate alexandrium monil ... | 2001 | 11489081 |
| further studies on rpos in enterobacteria: identification of rpos in enterobacter cloacae and kluyvera cryocrescens. | rpos, the alternative sigma factor sigma(s), is important for bacterial survival under extreme conditions. many enterobacteria are opportunistic human pathogens and their ability to survive in a changing environment could be an essential step for their virulence. to determine the presence of this gene in enteric bacteria, an escherichia coli rpos probe was constructed and used to detect the presence of this gene in different species. a gene homologous to rpos was found in citrobacter amalonaticu ... | 2001 | 11491080 |
| [enterobacter cloacae epidemic in a neonatal intensive care unit due to the use of contaminated thermometers]. | 2001 | 11494699 | |
| antimicrobial activity of argon fluoride (arf) excimer laser on gram-negative bacteria. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of argon fluoride (arf) excimer laser radiation on clinically important strains of gram-negative bacteria. the antibacterial activity of arf excimer laser radiation was evaluated on two acinetobacter baumannii, one enterobacter cloacae, three escherichia coli, two helicobacter pylori, one klebsiella pneumoniae and two pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. the strains were isolated from clinical specimens and typed by the usual bioc ... | 2001 | 11499938 |
| diversity of shv and tem beta-lactamases in klebsiella pneumoniae: gene evolution in northern taiwan and two novel beta-lactamases, shv-25 and shv-26. | a total of 113 blood culture isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae from 10 hospitals in northern taiwan were studied for shv and tem beta-lactamase production. bla(shv) was amplified from all isolates by pcr. tem-type resistance, was found in 32 of the isolates and was of the tem-1 type in all isolates. shv-1, -2, -5, -11, and -12 and two novel enzymes were identified. these novel enzymes were designated shv-25 and shv-26 and had pis of 7.5 and 7.6, respectively. amino acid differences in comparison ... | 2001 | 11502506 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tak-083, an agent for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection. | the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was tested against 54 clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and was compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. the growth-inhibitory activity of tak-083 was more potent than that of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole (the mics at which 90% of the strains are inhibited were 0.031, 0.125, 64, and 8 microg/ml, respectively). the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was highly selective against h. pylori; there was a >30-fo ... | 2001 | 11502514 |
| shv-16, a beta-lactamase with a pentapeptide duplication in the omega loop. | a clinical isolate of klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be resistant to ampicillin (mic of 128 microg/ml), ticarcillin (mic of 512 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (mic of 128 microg/ml) and susceptible to all other beta-lactams; a synergistic effect between clavulanate and ceftazidime suggested the presence of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). transconjugants in escherichia coli were obtained at low levels (10(-7) per donor cell) and exhibited a similar beta-lactam resistance pattern (res ... | 2001 | 11502518 |
| ges-2, a class a beta-lactamase from pseudomonas aeruginosa with increased hydrolysis of imipenem. | pseudomonas aeruginosa gw-1 was isolated in 2000 in south africa from blood cultures of a 38-year-old female who developed nosocomial pneumonia. this isolate harbored a self-transferable ca. 100-kb plasmid that conferred an expanded-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile associated with an intermediate susceptibility to imipenem. a beta-lactamase gene, bla(ges-2), was cloned from whole-cell dna of p. aeruginosa gw-1 and expressed in escherichia coli. ges-2, with a pi value of 5.8, hydrolyzed ... | 2001 | 11502535 |
| design, synthesis, and evaluation of alpha-ketoheterocycles as class c beta-lactamase inhibitors. | a series of specific alpha-ketoheterocycles (benzoxazole, thiazole, imidazole, tetrazole, and thiazole-4-carboxylate) has been synthesized in order to assess their potential as beta-lactamase inhibitors. the syntheses were achieved either by construction of the heterocycle (benzoxazole) from an appropriate alpha-hydroxyimidate, followed by oxidation of the alcohol, or by direct reaction of methyl phenaceturate with a lithiated heterocycle. the properties of these compounds in aqueous solution ar ... | 2001 | 11504640 |
| multi-resistance to antimicrobial agents for the ten most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens. | cross-resistance and multi-resistance to selected antibiotics was determined for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae often showed cross-resistance to ss-lactam antibiotics. only 1% of the escherichia coli isolates showed resistance to more than four antibiotics ... | 2001 | 11516938 |
| identification and characterization of bacteria in a selenium-contaminated hypersaline evaporation pond. | solar evaporation ponds are commonly used to reduce the volume of seleniferous agricultural drainage water in the san joaquin valley, calif. these hypersaline ponds pose an environmental health hazard because they are heavily contaminated with selenium (se), mainly in the form of selenate. se in the ponds may be removed by microbial se volatilization, a bioremediation process whereby toxic, bioavailable selenate is converted to relatively nontoxic dimethylselenide gas. in order to identify micro ... | 2001 | 11525968 |
| detection of legionellae in hospital water samples by quantitative real-time lightcycler pcr. | contamination of hospital water systems with legionellae is a well-known cause of nosocomial legionellosis. we describe a new real-time lightcycler pcr assay for quantitative determination of legionellae in potable water samples. primers that amplify both a 386-bp fragment of the 16s rrna gene from legionella spp. and a specifically cloned fragment of the phage lambda, added to each sample as an internal inhibitor control, were used. the amplified products were detected by use of a dual-color hy ... | 2001 | 11525995 |
| gly gene cloning and expression and purification of glycinecin a, a bacteriocin produced by xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines 8ra. | glycinecin a, a bacteriocin produced by xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines, inhibits the growth of x. campestris pv. vesicatoria. we have cloned and expressed the genes encoding glycinecin a in escherichia coli. recombinant glycinecin a was purified from cell extracts by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by chromatography on q-sepharose, mono q (ion exchange), and size exclusion columns. purified glycinecin a is composed of two polypeptides, is active over a wide ph range (6 to 9), and is ... | 2001 | 11526012 |
| molecular and biochemical analysis of two beta-galactosidases from bifidobacterium infantis hl96. | two genes encoding beta-galactosidase isoenzymes, beta-gali and beta-galiii, from bifidobacterium infantis hl96 were revealed on 3.6- and 2.4-kb dna fragments, respectively, by nucleotide sequence analysis of the two fragments. beta-gali (3,069 bp) encodes a 1,022-amino-acid (aa) polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 113 kda. a putative ribosome binding site and a promoter sequence were recognized at the 5' flanking region of beta-gali. further upstream a partial sequence of an open rea ... | 2001 | 11526031 |
| lytic and lysogenic infection of diverse escherichia coli and shigella strains with a verocytotoxigenic bacteriophage. | a verocytotoxigenic bacteriophage isolated from a strain of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157, into which a kanamycin resistance gene (aph3) had been inserted to inactivate the verocytotoxin gene (vt2), was used to infect enterobacteriaceae strains. a number of shigella and e. coli strains were susceptible to lysogenic infection, and a smooth e. coli isolate (o107) was also susceptible to lytic infection. the lysogenized strains included different smooth e. coli serotypes of both human and ... | 2001 | 11526041 |
| bacterial cholangitis in patients with biliary atresia: impact on short-term outcome. | bacterial cholangitis (bc) is a common complication in patients with biliary atresia (ba) and is characterized by fever, acholic stools and positive blood cultures. the diagnosis is often empirical because the yield of blood cultures is low. it is difficult to differentiate bc from other febrile episodes. in order to characterize the clinical and laboratory features of bc in patients with ba, identify risk factors, and correlate cholangitis with outcome, 37 patients with ba from 1993 to 1998 who ... | 2001 | 11527173 |
| biological degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. | nitroaromatic compounds are xenobiotics that have found multiple applications in the synthesis of foams, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and explosives. these compounds are toxic and recalcitrant and are degraded relatively slowly in the environment by microorganisms. 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) is the most widely used nitroaromatic compound. certain strains of pseudomonas and fungi can use tnt as a nitrogen source through the removal of nitrogen as nitrite from tnt under aerobic conditions and the ... | 2001 | 11527999 |
| the emerging periplasm-localized subclass of aroq chorismate mutases, exemplified by those from salmonella typhimurium and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | chorismate mutases of the aroq homology class are widespread in the bacteria and the archaea. many of these exist as domains that are fused with other aromatic-pathway catalytic domains. among the monofunctional aroq proteins, that from erwinia herbicola was previously shown to have a cleavable signal peptide and located in the periplasmic compartment. whether or not this might be unique to e. herbicola was unknown. | 2001 | 11532214 |
| activity of ertapenem (mk-0826) versus enterobacteriaceae with potent beta-lactamases. | ertapenem (mk-0826; l-749,345), a new carbapenem with a long serum half-life, was tested, in vitro, against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. the new compound had a mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited of 0.06 microg/ml for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiellas, compared with 0.5 microg/ml for imipenem, 16 microg/ml for cefepime, and >128 microg/ml for ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam. mics of ertapenem for ampc-derepressed mutant enterobacteriaceae wer ... | 2001 | 11557477 |
| ampd is required for regulation of expression of nmca, a carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae. | to further elucidate the induction process of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase of ambler class a, nmca, ampd genes of the wild-type (wt) strain and of ceftazidime-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae nor-1 were cloned and tested in transcomplementation experiments. ceftazidime-resistant e. cloacae nor-1 mutants exhibited derepressed expression of the ampc-type cephalosporinase and of the carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase nmca. the ampd genes of escherichia coli and e. cloacae w ... | 2001 | 11557489 |
| biochemical-genetic characterization of the chromosomally encoded extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase from rahnella aquatilis. | from whole-cell dna of a clinical isolate of the enterobacterial species rahnella aquatilis, a beta-lactamase gene was cloned that encoded a chromosomally encoded ambler class a enzyme, rahn-1. rahn-1, with a pi of 7.2, shares 76, 73, and 71% amino acid identity with the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of chromosomal origin from serratia fonticola and with the plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases ctx-m-2 and ctx-m-1, respectively. the hydrolysis spectrum of the clavulanic acid-inhibited rahn-1 was ... | 2001 | 11557504 |
| bacteriological quality of aquacultured freshwater fish portions in prepackaged trays stored at 3 degrees c. | fresh trout fillets and salmon slices packed in trays were obtained from two multinational chain supermarkets and evaluated for freshness and bacteriological quality immediately after packaging and during storage at 3 degrees c. initial aerobic counts at 30 and 25 degrees c were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in trout fillets (5.27 +/- 0.57 and 4.87 +/- 0.80 log cfu/g, respectively) than in salmon slices, where levels in excess of 6 log cfu/g were found. in both products, initial enterobacteriac ... | 2001 | 11563518 |
| sublethal effects of ultraviolet a radiation on enterobacter cloacae. | we report the sublethal effects of ultraviolet a (uva) on enterobacter cloacae in comparison with those produced in escherichia coli. uva-induced sublethal effects were investigated in either bacterial membrane and at trna level. limited dependence on oxygen concentration for photoinduced inhibition of biochemical membrane functions and low levels of oxidative damage during the irradiation period were found in en. cloacae. on the other hand, ultraviolet spectroscopy and reversed-phase hplc analy ... | 2001 | 11566280 |
| development of a combined selection and enrichment pcr procedure for clostridium botulinum types b, e, and f and its use to determine prevalence in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs. | a specific and sensitive combined selection and enrichment pcr procedure was developed for the detection of clostridium botulinum types b, e, and f in fecal samples from slaughtered pigs. two enrichment pcr assays, using the dna polymerase rtth, were constructed. one assay was specific for the type b neurotoxin gene, and the other assay was specific for the type e and f neurotoxin genes. based on examination of 29 strains of c. botulinum, 16 strains of other clostridium spp., and 48 non-clostrid ... | 2001 | 11571185 |
| clonal populations of thermotolerant enterobacteriaceae in recreational water and their potential interference with fecal escherichia coli counts. | bacterial strains were isolated from beach water samples using the original environmental protection agency method for escherichia coli enumeration and analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). identical pfge patterns were found for numerous isolates from 4 of the 9 days sampled, suggesting environmental replication. 16s rrna gene sequencing, api 20e biochemical testing, and the absence of beta-glucuronidase activity revealed that these clonal isolates were klebsiella, citrobacter, an ... | 2001 | 11571207 |
| degradation of explosives by nitrate ester reductases. | explosive-contaminated land poses a hazard both to the environment and to human health. microbial enzymes, either in their native or heterologous hosts, are a powerful and low-cost tool for eliminating this environmental hazard. as many explosives have only been present in the environment for 10 years, and with similar molecules not known in nature, the origin of enzymes specialized for the breakdown of explosives is of particular interest. screening of environmental isolates resulted in the dis ... | 2001 | 11573344 |
| rapid identification of yeasts in positive blood cultures by a multiplex pcr method. | yeasts are emerging as important etiological agents of nosocomial bloodstream infections. a multiplex pcr method was developed to rapidly identify clinically important yeasts that cause fungemia. the method amplified the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its1) region between the 18s and 5.8s rrna genes and a specific dna fragment within the its2 region of candida albicans. with this method, c. albicans produced two amplicons, whereas other species produced only one. through sequence analysis, the p ... | 2001 | 11574557 |
| direct identification of bacteria from positive blood cultures by amplification and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene: evaluation of bactec 9240 instrument true-positive and false-positive results. | in a previous study which evaluated the bactec 9240 automated blood culture system (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems, sparks, md.), we noted a 1.3% "instrument false-positive" rate. that is, the bactec system signaled that a bottle (bactec plus aerobic/f bottle or bactec anaerobic lytic/10 bottle) culture was positive but a gram stain was negative and there was no growth of bacteria or yeasts on subculture to chocolate agar. furthermore, from the same sample of blood, cultures for ... | 2001 | 11574575 |