Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| dna shuffling of a family of genes from diverse species accelerates directed evolution. | dna shuffling is a powerful process for directed evolution, which generates diversity by recombination, combining useful mutations from individual genes. libraries of chimaeric genes can be generated by random fragmentation of a pool of related genes, followed by reassembly of the fragments in a self-priming polymerase reaction. template switching causes crossovers in areas of sequence homology. our previous studies used single genes and random point mutations as the source of diversity. an alte ... | 1998 | 9440693 |
| purification and characterization of acid-type phosphatases from a heavy-metal-accumulating citrobacter sp. | an acid phosphatase from a heavy-metal-accumulating strain of a citrobacter sp. was resolved into two forms on the basis of their nonbinding (phosphatase i) or binding (phosphatase ii) behaviour on the cation-exchange resin sp-sephadex c50. both holoenzymes had a molecular mass of 103-108 kda as determined by superose q-6 column chromatography in the presence of 150 mm kcl and a subunit molecular mass of 27 kda as determined by sds-page; the enzyme was tetrameric. both enzymes had a pi approxima ... | 1998 | 9446688 |
| degradation of commercial detergent products by microbial populations of the lagos lagoon. | the biodegradability potentials of three detergent products with the trade names omo, teepol and sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) by the native bacteria of the lagos lagoon was carried out using the lagoon die-away method. physicochemical parameters of the water samples showed that the lagoon in apapa was more polluted than at the university of lagos. in 12 days, approximately 30, 60 and 97% of omo, teepol and sds respectively were degraded. sds with an alkyl sulfate moiety as surfactant supported t ... | 1997 | 9449783 |
| multicenter evaluation of antimicrobial resistance to six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in colombia using the etest method. the colombian antimicrobial resistance study group. | the need for comprehensive and quantitative accurate antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems has become acute as a guide to problem recognition and to focus local interventions. a multilaboratory (10 medical centers) colombia surveillance project was initiated in early 1997 to monitor the potency and spectrum of six (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, aztreonam, and imipenem) broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents tested against 100 organisms per participant center (80 ... | 1997 | 9458984 |
| [an epidemic outbreak of food poisoning in a children's health-promotion camp]. | 1997 | 9460887 | |
| studies on antimicrobial effect of the antihistaminic phenothiazine trimeprazine tartrate. | the antibacterial and bactericidal activities of the antihistamine trimeprazine were studied against 243 strains of bacteria which included both gram positive and gram negative types. the susceptibility of these bacterial strains to trimeprazine was assessed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) which was found to be between 10 and 100 micrograms/ml. nineteen strains of staphylococcus spp. and salmonella spp. were trimeprazine. most of the strains belonging to bacillus spp. ... | 1997 | 9468728 |
| stool colonization of healthcare workers with selected resistant bacteria. | we examined the carriage of selected resistant bacteria in the stools of healthcare workers who provided direct patient care. neither vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, nor clostridium difficile was recovered from the 55 stool specimens collected. a ceftazidime-resistant citrobacter freundii was isolated from one specimen. we conclude that the stool of healthcare workers is colonized infrequently with these resistant organisms. | 1998 | 9475348 |
| [treatment of lower respiratory tract infections in the elderly]. | sixty outpatients at the age of 65 to 75 years with exacerbated chronic bronchitis were treated with antibiotics: amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (20 patients), cefaclor (20 patients) and ciprofloxacin (20 patients). the treatment course in all the cases was 5 days. bacteriological tests of the sputum specimens and estimation of the isolate antibiotic susceptibility by the disk diffusion method were applied to all the patients before and after the treatment. 73 per cent of the patients had mixed inf ... | 1997 | 9480649 |
| in vitro activity of fosfomycin trometamol against pathogens from urinary tract infections: a spanish multicenter study. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of a total of 1371 urinary tract pathogens to fosfomycin trometamol were determined. according to the nccls breakpoints, enterobacteriaceae and gram-positive microorganisms were, in general, very sensitive to this antimicrobial. more than 90.0% of the escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. and more than 70.0% of the klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, enterobacter spp., proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococcus spp. st ... | 1997 | 9491838 |
| detection of intimins alpha, beta, gamma, and delta, four intimin derivatives expressed by attaching and effacing microbial pathogens. | intimins are outer membrane proteins expressed by enteric bacterial pathogens capable of inducing intestinal attachment-and-effacement lesions. a eukaryotic cell-binding domain is located within a 280-amino-acid (int280) carboxy terminus of intimin polypeptides. polyclonal antiserum was raised against int280 from enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) serotypes o127:h6 and o114:h2 (anti-int280-h6 and anti-int280-h2, respectively), and western blot analysis was used to explore the immunological ... | 1998 | 9508292 |
| aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase variants of the ib type with altered substrate profile in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | three clinical isolates, enterobacter cloacae ec1562 and ec1563 and citrobacter freundii cfr564, displayed an aminoglycoside resistance profile evocative of low-level 6'-n acetyltransferase type ii [aac(6')-ii] production, which conferred reduced susceptibility to gentamicin but not to amikacin or isepamicin. aminoglycoside acetyltransferase assays suggested the synthesis in the three strains of an aac(6') which acetylated amikacin practically as well as it acetylated gentamicin in vitro. both c ... | 1998 | 9527761 |
| radiological case of the month. neonatal brain abscess caused by citrobacter diversus. | 1998 | 9529471 | |
| prevalence and sensitivity to antibiotics of enterobacteriaceae isolated from urinary cultures in some microbiology laboratories of a city in west greece. | the prevalence of enterobacteriaceae from midstream urine samples from patients with community acquired urinary tract infections (uti) of a town in sw greece during one year period and their susceptibility to antibiotics were studied. the most frequently recovered pathogens were e. coli (77%), proteus mirabilis (10%), klebsiella spp (8.7%), enterobacter spp (2.5%) and citrobacter freundii (1.8%). e. coli were found more resistant to carbenicillin, the combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid a ... | 1997 | 9538469 |
| cellulitis caused by citrobacter diversus in a patient with multiple myeloma. | the most common cause of cellulitis is streptococci. coagulase-negative staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria, such as serratia spp., proteus spp., and other enterobacteriaceae may produce cellulitis in the immunocompromised patient. we report a case of citrobacter diversus-induced cellulitis, resembling streptococcal infection, in a patient with multiple myeloma. | 1998 | 9538959 |
| evaluation of use of a new chromogenic agar in detection of urinary tract pathogens. | chromagar orientation, a new chromogenic medium, was evaluated for the detection and differentiation of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic microorganisms in 900 urine samples from hospitalized patients. performance characteristics of the medium were evaluated in comparison to those of 5% sheep blood and macconkey agars by direct inoculation of the urine samples on the three media. four gram-negative and two gram-positive strains as well as one yeast control strain from the american type ... | 1998 | 9542923 |
| [the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran against clinically isolated bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran (czop) against recent clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of ceftazidime (caz), cefpirome (cpr), cefepime (cfpm), cefotaxime (ctx), sulbactam/cefoperazone (s/c), imipenem (ipm), oxacillin (mpipc), and flomoxef (fmox). mic80 values of czop for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa, n = 41), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa, n = 57), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 45), enterococus faecalis (n = 49), ... | 1997 | 9545668 |
| multicenter evaluation of the in vitro activity of six broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents in puerto rico. the puerto rico antimicrobial resistance study group. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 6 broad-spectrum beta-lactam antimicrobial agents were determined by use of the etest versus a total of 569 bacteria in 7 puerto rican hospital laboratories. these included 342 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 63 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 54 acinetobacter species, and 110 oxacillin-susceptible staphylococci. extended spectrum beta-lactamase production was noted among 11% of klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. hyperproduction of amp c cephalospori ... | 1998 | 9554179 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activities of cefteram and other beta-lactam agents against recent clinical isolates]. | in vitro antibacterial activity of the third-generation oral cephem cefteram (cftm)--ten years after its first use in the clinical setting--against recent clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of other oral cephems. a total of 851 clinical isolates belonging to 13 species used in this study were collected from five medical institutions across japan during 1996. cftm showed excellent antibacterial activity against methicillin-susceptible s. aureus and s. pyogenes, equivalent to ... | 1998 | 9557273 |
| cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates from a hospital in warsaw, poland: identification of a new ctx-m-3 cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase that is closely related to the ctx-m-1/men-1 enzyme. | a group of cefotaxime-resistant citrobacter freundii and escherichia coli isolates were collected by a clinical laboratory in a hospital in warsaw, poland, in july 1996. detailed analysis has shown that all of these produced a beta-lactamase (pi, 8.4) belonging to the ctx-m family, one of the minor extended-spectrum beta-lactamase families with a strong cefotaxime-hydrolyzing activity. sequencing has revealed that c. freundii isolates produced a new ctx-m-3 enzyme which is very closely related t ... | 1998 | 9559791 |
| phylogenetic relationships of salmonella based on dna sequence comparison of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase. | dna sequences covering 57% of atpd encoding the beta subunit of atp synthase were determined for 16 strains of salmonella enterica, two strains of s. bongori, and one strain each of citrobacter freundii and yersinia enterocolitica, and comparison was made with the published escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes sequences. the phylogenetic tree based on maximum-likelihood analysis showed separation of the subspecies of s. enterica except for two serotypes of subspecies ii which were unsuppo ... | 1998 | 9561735 |
| phosphatase activity and lead resistance in citrobacter freundii and staphylococcus aureus. | it has been previously reported that strains of citrobacter freundii and of staphylococcus aureus accumulated lead as pb-phosphate when grown on media supplemented with high levels of lead salts. phosphatase activity, which has been postulated to be involved in lead accumulation, was unrelated to lead resistance, resistant and sensitive cells displaying similar levels and patterns of enzyme activity. | 1998 | 9561741 |
| enterobacteriaceae found in high numbers in fish, minced meat and pasteurised milk or cream and the presence of toxin encoding genes. | enterobacteriaceae were found in high numbers after storage at 7 degrees c in 6% of consumers packs of pasteurised milk or cream, in 31% of retailed fish and in 100% of retail packs of minced meat. seventy two fresh-water fishes, 40 packs of minced meat and 430 milk packs were sampled. one hundred and eighty four isolates were randomly picked from tryptone glucose extract (tge) agar (30 degrees c for 3d) or violet red bile glucose (vrbg) agar (37 degrees c for 1d). in minced meat, serratia lique ... | 1998 | 9562874 |
| osteomyelitis and septic arthritis due to citrobacter freundii and haemophilus influenzae type b. | this report describes dual infection with citrobacter freundii and haemophilus influenzae type b causing septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the elbow in a previously healthy 5-year-old boy. the patient was treated successfully with intravenous fosfomycin for 4 weeks. infections with citrobacter beyond the neonatal period are rare in paediatric patients. when citrobacter spp. is isolated, coinfection with other bacterial pathogens should be considered. | 1998 | 9568950 |
| resistance to oxyimino beta-lactams due to a mutation of chromosomal beta-lactamase in citrobacter freundii. | the duplicative mutation of an ala-val-arg sequence at positions 208 to 210 in the loop structure of enterobacter cloacae class c beta-lactamase caused substrate specificity extension to oxyimino beta-lactam antibiotics and this chromosomal mutation provided bacterial cells with high resistance to the beta-lactams (m. nukaga et al, 1995, j. biol. chem. 270, 5729-5735). in order to confirm the universality of this phenomenon among other class c beta-lactamases, the duplicative mutation was applie ... | 1998 | 9570281 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against microorganisms isolated in haematology, oncology and intensive care units in switzerland. | the in vitro activity of cefpirome, a new parenteral fourth-generation cephalosporin, was investigated in the 5 university hospitals of switzerland, and compared to 9 other antibiotics mainly used in hospitals, such as ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, piperacillin, imipenem, gentamicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. a total number of 992 strains collected only from intensive care units and haematology-oncology units were tested by microdilution according to nccls. cefpirome showe ... | 1997 | 9571744 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum investigation of eight broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs: a 1997 surveillance trial in 102 medical centers in the united states. cefepime study group. | because antimicrobial agents become less effective after the emergence of resistance mechanisms in clinically prevalent pathogens, physicians must utilize local, regional, and national antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance data to assist in choices of appropriate agents. an investigation of the spectrum and potency of eight broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, piperacillin with or without tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid) was ... | 1998 | 9572029 |
| isolation of a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses escherichia coli o157 antigen. | a nonpathogenic strain of citrobacter sedlakii which expresses the escherichia coli o157 antigen is described. the discovery of this strain emphasizes the necessity of additional biochemical and/or toxigenicity testing when isolates react with e. coli o157 latex reagents. | 1998 | 9574715 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1995). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 704 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1995 to may 1996. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.8% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.2% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptibilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1997 | 9575353 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 680 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1996 to may 1997. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.4% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.6% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptabilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1998 | 9575437 |
| bacterial isolates from indigenous weaning foods in rural ethiopian setting, jimma zone, south west ethiopia. | a community based bacteriological study of weaning foods was conducted from november 1994 to august 1995 in six peasant associations, jimma zone. the households in the study community were found to be in poor sanitary conditions with cattle and pets living in the same room with humans, and the community gets water from unprotected sources. the predominant weaning foods in the study community were cereals. these and other foods given to weaning age children were found to be grossly contaminated, ... | 1997 | 9577010 |
| [selective screening of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli depending on hemolysis on beutin's washed sheep blood agar plates]. | recently, beutin et al have studied hemolysin production in a large number of serologically diverse verotoxin (vt) producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains and found a close association between hemolysin production and vt production. this study was to examine whether hemolysin production on sheep blood agar can be used as an epidemiological marker for microbiological screening of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec). in comparison of hemolysis on washed blood agar plates prepared in our la ... | 1998 | 9585695 |
| citrobacter freundii empyema in a patient with occult pulmonary histoplasmosis. | the genus citrobacter includes three species of organisms that are uncommonly associated with human infection. when they are pathogenic, there are usually one or more associated respiratory, urinary, skin-soft tissue, and central nervous system infections and neonatal sepsis. these infections occur in the wake of significant systemic illness or complicate antibiotic usage. rarely, infection has been associated with active tuberculosis. the authors report a case of citrobacter freundii empyema in ... | 1998 | 9587088 |
| chromosomally encoded ampc-type beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis. | a clinical strain of proteus mirabilis (cf09) isolated from urine specimens of a patient displayed resistance to amoxicillin (mic >4,096 microg/ml), ticarcillin (4,096 microg/ml), cefoxitin (64 microg/ml), cefotaxime (256 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (128 microg/ml) and required an elevated mic of aztreonam (4 microg/ml). clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins. two beta-lactamases with apparent pis of 5.6 and 9.0 were identified by isoelectric focusing on a gel. substrate ... | 1998 | 9593136 |
| interactions of beta-lactamases with sanfetrinem (gv 104326) compared to those with imipenem and with oral beta-lactams. | sanfetrinem is a trinem beta-lactam which can be administered orally as a hexatil ester. we examined whether its beta-lactamase interactions resembled those of the available carbapenems, i.e., stable to ampc and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases but labile to class b and functional group 2f enzymes. the comparator drugs were imipenem, oral cephalosporins, and amoxicillin. mics were determined for beta-lactamase expression variants, and hydrolysis was examined directly with representative enzymes ... | 1998 | 9593145 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 721 gram-negative and 498 gram-positive organisms was determined by the standard microdilution broth method using commercially prepared frozen microtiter plates. the activity of trovafloxacin was compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam (1:1), piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. trovafloxacin had equal or greater activity compared with the other agents tested against citrobacter diversus, en ... | 1998 | 9597391 |
| coliforms and salmonella in seawater near to domestic sewage sources in fortaleza (ceará, brazil). | the bacteriological conditions of the coastal region of fortaleza (ceará, brasil), including the coastal zones of the ceará and cocó rivers, were examined. the study was conducted during june, september and december 1993, and march 1994. the region was divided into two areas: (i) direct influence area (dia), consisting of 20 sampling stations located near to discharge zones of the submarine pipeline system, where collections were carried out at the surface, and (ii) indirect influence area (iia) ... | 1997 | 9608520 |
| in vivo analysis of sequence requirements for processing and degradation of the colicin a lysis protein signal peptide. | the lipid modification and processing of a number of colicin lysis proteins take place exceedingly slowly and result in the release of a stable signal peptide. it is possible that this peptide or the presence of lipid-modified precursors which result from the slow processing plays a role in the release of colicins and in the quasilysis that occurs in induced colicinogenic cultures. we used in vitro mutagenesis and pulse-chase radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation to examine the reasons for the s ... | 1998 | 9620949 |
| neonatal citrobacter meningitis: neurosonographic observations. | 1998 | 9623480 | |
| inhibitory effect of bacterial attachment on candidal growth due to adherence with mannose-sensitive pili. | a bacterial strain with affinity to candida albicans was successfully obtained from a natural environment. an uncovered petri dish containing a suspension of heat-killed c. albicans cells was allowed to stand in a laboratory for several days. some bacteria which had adhered to the candidal cells were tested for their ability to agglutinate the cells. a bacterial strain, designated later as cab-1, was found to agglutinate candidal cells through bridging by mannose-sensitive pili. cab-1 showed sim ... | 1998 | 9623920 |
| a comparison between single-dose fosfomycin trometamol (monuril) and a 5-day course of trimethoprim in the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women. | this study is a comparison of the microbiological and clinical efficacy of single-dose fosfomycin trometamol therapy and a 5 day course of trimethoprim in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection in female patients. urine dip-slide samples were obtained from 547 female patients aged 18-65 by 22 general practitioners (gps) participating in the study from 21 centres in the uk. all patients were diagnosed as having a urinary tract infection by their gp on the basis of history and clin ... | 1998 | 9624542 |
| bioaccumulation of nickel by intercalation into polycrystalline hydrogen uranyl phosphate deposited via an enzymatic mechanism. | a citrobacter sp. accumulates uranyl ion (uo2(2+)) as crystalline huo2po4.4h2o (hup), using enzymatically generated inorganic phosphate. ni was not removed by this mechanism, but cells already loaded with hup removed ni2+ by intercalative ion-exchange, forming ni(uo2po4)2.7h2o, as concluded by x-ray diffraction (xrd) and proton induced x-ray emission (pixe) analyses. the loaded biomass became saturated with ni rapidly, with a molar ratio of ni:u in the cellbound deposit of approx. 1:6; ni penetr ... | 1996 | 9630957 |
| inhibition of murine splenic and mucosal lymphocyte function by enteric bacterial products. | previously we showed that lysates of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) inhibit lymphokine production by mitogen-activated human peripheral blood and lamina propria mononuclear cells. the aims of the present study were to determine whether epec-inhibitory factors have similar effects on murine lymphoid populations in order to further delineate the mechanisms of alteration of cytokine production. preexposure to epec lysates inhibited mitogen-stimulated interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, and gamma ... | 1998 | 9632575 |
| important and emerging beta-lactamase-mediated resistances in hospital-based pathogens: the amp c enzymes. | resistance to third-generation cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamases is an increasing problem for clinical therapeutics. a wide range of enterobacteriaceae produce these ampc enzymes (bush-jacoby-medeiros group 1), including enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, morganella morganii, providencia spp., and serratia marcescens. resistance via this mechanism has been shown to be statistically correlated with the use of some third-generation cephalosporins, and the infections caused by these ... | 1998 | 9635237 |
| bacterial resistance: a worldwide problem. | the therapeutic crisis produced by emerging antimicrobial resistances has compromised the chemotherapy of hospitalized patients with serious infections. for the most prevalent resistance problems, meropenem, a new carbapenem, appears to provide a potency and spectrum for: 1) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae; 2) bush-jacoby-merdeiros group 1 enzyme-producing ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and some serratia spp.; 3) ceftazidime- and imip ... | 1998 | 9635913 |
| mutants of citrobacter freundii that transport and utilize melibiose. | we have isolated mutants of citrobacter freundii that can grow on melibiose. inducible alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity were detected in the mutant cells but not in the wild-type cells. we detected a dna region which hybridized with melb (the gene for the melibiose transporter) dna of escherichia coli in the chromosomal dna of wild-type c. freundii. protons, but not sodium ions, were found to be the coupling cations for melibiose (and methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) t ... | 1998 | 9642207 |
| direct detection of eae-positive bacteria in human and veterinary colorectal specimens by pcr. | a pcr test based on the amplification of an eae-specific sequence was designed and evaluated for its ability to directly detect homologous sequences in enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. (amplification of eae open reading frame, 178 bp) in sections of the intestines of humans and animals with colonic lesions. positive pcr results were observed with eae-positive reference strains of e. coli and citrobacter rodentium (citrobacter freundii biotype 4280). known eae-negative refer ... | 1998 | 9666014 |
| gram-negative bacterial infections and cardiovascular parasitism in green sea turtles (chelonia mydas). | to investigate causes of ill health and mortality in juvenile wild green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) found along the mid-north west coast of western australia between june and october of 1997. | 1998 | 9673767 |
| distribution of mevalonate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate/pyruvate routes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in some gram-negative bacteria and mycobacteria. | labeling experiments using [1-13c]acetate or [1-13c]glucose were performed with opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, with innocuous bacteria related to pathogenic species or with phytopathogenic species. the labeling pattern was determined in the isoprenic moiety of ubiquinone or menaquinone derivatives. these experiments showed that acinetobacter, citrobacter, erwinia, pseudomonas, burkholderia, ralstonia and mycobacterium synthesize their isoprenoids via the mevalonate-independent glyceraldehyde ... | 1998 | 9675863 |
| the entericidin locus of escherichia coli and its implications for programmed bacterial cell death. | antidote/toxin gene pairs known as "addiction modules" can maintain plasmids in bacterial populations by means of post-segregational killing. however, several chromosome-encoded addiction modules may provide an entirely distinct function in the programmed cell death of moribund subpopulations under starvation conditions. we now report a novel chromosomal bacteriolytic module of escherichia coli called the entericidin locus, which is activated in stationary phase under high osmolarity conditions ... | 1998 | 9677290 |
| rapid detection and evaluation of clinical characteristics of emerging multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative rods carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaimp. | gram-negative rods (gnr) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaimp, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in japan. although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution of blaimp-positive gnr in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. to address this, a system for the rapid detection o ... | 1998 | 9687398 |
| beta-lactamase-mediated resistance and opportunities for its control. | clinical use of beta-lactams has selected for beta-lactamase-producing organisms. numerous beta-lactamases are known, and sequencing allows them to be divided into four classes, a to d, with classes a and c being the most important. pharmaceutical chemists have responded to the spread of beta-lactamase-producing organisms by developing stable agents and inhibitors. stability in penicillins and cephalosporins is achieved by attaching a bulky substituent to the amino group of 6-aminopenicillanic a ... | 1998 | 9688449 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c. | the following structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c containing d-mannose and d-rhamnose was established using sugar analysis and nmr spectroscopy, including computer-assisted analysis of the 13c nmr spectrum, 2d cosy, h,h-relayed cosy, heteronuclear 13c, 1h correlation (hetcor), and rotating-frame noe spectroscopy (roesy):-->4)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-beta-d-rhap-(1-->4) -beta-d-rhap-(1-->. | 1998 | 9691457 |
| comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome. | raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ... | 1998 | 9712782 |
| study of beta-lactam resistance in ceftazidime-resistant clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. | mechanisms and transferability of beta-lactam resistance in 50 ceftazidime resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae was studied. these strains were selected from 1991 e. coli, 1035 enterobacter spp., 168 citrobacter spp. and 1371 klebsiella spp., isolated from patients hospitalized in icus and in the pediatric and urology departments of six hospitals in bratislava during the years 1994-1996. the selected strains expressed the resistance not only to ceftazidime (50/50) but also to ampicillin (50/5 ... | 1998 | 9716290 |
| generation of escherichia coli intimin derivatives with differing biological activities using site-directed mutagenesis of the intimin c-terminus domain. | intimins, encoded by eae genes, are outer membrane proteins involved in attaching-effacing (a/e) lesion formation and host cell invasion by pathogenic bacteria, including enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and citrobacter rodentium. a series of intimins, harbouring specific mutations close to the c-terminus, were constructed using pcvd438, which encodes the eae gene from epec strain e2348/69. these mutant plasmids were introduced into epec strain cvd206 and c. rodentium strain dbs255, whic ... | 1998 | 9720872 |
| development of a new culture medium for the rapid detection of salmonella by indirect conductance measurements. | the main difficulties in conductance medium development are to allow salmonella to grow and produce a conductance signal while impeding growth of related species such as escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. various selective agents were screened for these capacities and a new medium was derived, named kiman (whitley impedance broth basal medium supplemented with three selective components: novobiocin, malachite green and potassium iodide). this medium supported the growth of salmonella ser ... | 1998 | 9721644 |
| direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures by an electrochemical method. | nonfastidious aerobic gram-negative bacilli (gnb) are commonly isolated from blood cultures. the feasibility of using an electrochemical method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gnb in positive blood cultures was evaluated. an aliquot (10 microliter) of 1:10-diluted positive blood cultures containing gnb was inoculated into the bactometer module well (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.) containing 1 ml of mueller-hinton broth supplemented with an antibiotic. susceptibility tests w ... | 1998 | 9738038 |
| silver nitrate: antimicrobial activity related to cytotoxicity in cultured human fibroblasts. | the aims of this study were to ascertain whether silver nitrate (agno3) concentrations below those used in clinical practice inhibit bacterial growth, and in parallel study the cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. the cytoprotective effects of fetal calf serum (fcs) were also evaluated. the cytotoxic effects of eight different silver nitrate concentrations were determined by assessing mitochondrial activity of viable cells capable of cleaving tetrazolium salts. antimicrobial activity of agno3 ... | 1998 | 9745141 |
| [identification of escherichia coli o157 antigen by polymerase chain reaction]. | an assay was developed for the specific detection of escherichia coli o157 using pcr, because o serological cross-reactivities have been reported between e. coli o157 and some e. coli, other bacterial species. pcr amplification of e. coli o157 rfbe (ec o157:h7) gene that is necessary for the expression of the o157 antigen, was performed for the identification of e. coli o157. all shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 and o157:h, non-stec o157 strains were positive, and other non- ... | 1998 | 9745224 |
| a hospital outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae investigated by rapd typing and analysis of the genetics and mechanisms of resistance. | between july and september 1997 a ceftazidime- and aminoglycoside-resistant strain of klebsiella pneumoniae infected or colonized seven patients on three paediatric wards at guy's hospital in london. the patients were mostly neonates or infants recovering from cardiac surgery for congenital defects. the organism was probably introduced by an asymptomatic patient from greece and the subsequent outbreak could largely be explained by person-to-person spread on individual wards and frequent transfer ... | 1998 | 9749400 |
| gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae. | fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ... | 1998 | 9756773 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to isolated bacteria in pediatric urinary tract infections]. | of the childhood urinary tract infections, more than 50% are caused by escherichia coli (e coli), followed by proteus mirabilis (p mirabilis), klebsiella sp, other enterobacteria, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococci. of e coli isolates, 50 to 60% are resistant to ampicillin (ampi-r), 10% being susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (amc). for p mirabilis, ampi-r isolates are less frequent and more often susceptible to amc. klebsiella sp is resistant to ampicillin, 75% of ... | 1998 | 9759315 |
| the use of escherichia coli bearing a phon gene for the removal of uranium and nickel from aqueous flows. | a citrobacter sp. originally isolated from metal-polluted soil accumulates heavy metals via metalphosphate deposition utilizing inorganic phosphate liberated via phon phosphatase activity. further strain development was limited by the non-transformability of this environmental isolate. recombinant escherichia coli dh5 alpha bearing cloned phon or the related phoc acquired metal-accumulating ability, which was compared with that of the citrobacter sp. with respect to removal of uranyl ion (uo2(2+ ... | 1998 | 9763695 |
| gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria. | naturally produced membrane vesicles (mvs), isolated from 15 strains of gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, salmonella, and shigella strains), lysed many gram-positive (including mycobacterium) and gram-negative cultures. peptidoglycan zymograms suggested that mvs contained peptidoglycan hydrolases, and electron microscopy revealed that the murein sacculi were digested, confirming a previous modus operandi (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. ... | 1998 | 9765585 |
| bioaccumulation of heavy metals, and application to the remediation of acid mine drainage water containing uranium. | 1997 | 9765836 | |
| structure-based design of beta-lactamase inhibitors. 1. synthesis and evaluation of bridged monobactams. | bridged monobactams are novel, potent, mechanism-based inhibitors of class c beta-lactamases, designed using x-ray crystal structures of the enzymes. they stabilize the acyl-enzyme intermediate by blocking access of water to the enzyme-inhibitor ester bond. bridged monobactams are selective class c beta-lactamase inhibitors, with half-inhibition constants as low as 10 nm, and are less effective against class a and class b enzymes (half-inhibition constants > 100 microm) because of the different ... | 1998 | 9767633 |
| structure-based design of beta-lactamase inhibitors. 2. synthesis and evaluation of bridged sulfactams and oxamazins. | a series of bridged monocyclic beta-lactams activated by various groups on the beta-lactam nitrogen (x = och2co2h, oso3h) has been synthesized and evaluated. among them, the bridged sulfactams (x = oso3h) were found to be effective beta-lactamase inhibitors. they inhibit both class a and class c beta-lactamases. | 1998 | 9767634 |
| the prognostic factors of adult gram-negative bacillary meningitis. | seventy-seven patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm), 57 males and 20 females, aged 17-86 years, were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital, over an 11-year period. fifty-four infections were community-acquired, and 23 were nosocomial; 49 were spontaneous and 28 occurred after head surgery or neurosurgery. the organisms most frequently involved were klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and acinetobacter. rarer pathogens included citroba ... | 1998 | 9777518 |
| phylogenetic position of phytopathogens within the enterobacteriaceae. | the almost complete 16s rdna sequences of twenty nine plant-associated strains, representing species of the genera erwinia, pantoea and enterobacter were determined and compared with those of other members of the enterobacteriaceae. the species of the genus erwinia may be divided into three phylogenetic groups. cluster i represents the true erwinias and comprises e. amylovora, e. mallotivora, e. persicinus, e. psidii, e. rhapontici and e. tracheiphila. we propose to unite the species of cluster ... | 1998 | 9779605 |
| [citrobacter freundii, a rare cause of hepatic abscess]. | 1998 | 9780433 | |
| [an additional dehydrogenase or oxidation-reduction test in the classification of enterobacteria]. | the dehydrogenase (dhg) or oxidation-reduction test is proposed for use together with the determination of such enzymes as hydrolases, cytochrome oxidase, dehydrocarboxylase, urease, etc. 200 citrobacter freundii cultures and 76 strains of enteropathogenic escherichia (epe) were studied with the determination of their dhg activity in semiliquid mannitol and in kligler's medium. the study revealed that this test, characterized by the reduction of the indicator, similarly to that in salmonellae an ... | 1998 | 9783392 |
| [the use of random amplification of polymorphous bacterial dna for the typing of bacteria in the genus citrobacter]. | to obtain the profiles of randomly amplified dna, isolated from bacteria of the genus citrobacter, the method of polymerase chain reaction was used. nine oligonucleotides were evaluated for the possibility of their use as primers for the amplification of random polymorphous sequences of dna; of these, 2 oligonucleotides which generated profiles, sufficiently reproducible and typical for different c. freundii and c. diversus strains, were selected. the possibility of using the above oligonucleoti ... | 1998 | 9783404 |
| [a national multicenter study of the in-vitro activity of piperacillin-tazobactam. the spanish piperacillin-tazobactam group]. | the action of piperacillin-tazobactam on 4,137 of the 4,364 strains collected in a spanish multicenter study involving 46 participating hospitals was studied. the samples were from the following: 41% urine, 18% exuded from wound abscesses, 13% respiratory, 9% blood, 3% peritoneal liquid, and the remainder from other various sources. the gram-negative bacteria included 2,778 strains from 13 genera: escherichia (1,289), pseudomonas (451), proteus (230), klebsiella (203), haemophilus (172), enterob ... | 1998 | 9795299 |
| species specificity and tissue tropism of epec and related pathogens. | 1998 | 9807781 | |
| transferable class c beta-lactamases in escherichia coli strains isolated in greek hospitals and characterization of two enzyme variants (lat-3 and lat-4) closely related to citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase. | among 2133 isolates of escherichia coli obtained during 1996 from 10 greek hospitals, 63 (3%) were resistant to cefoxitin. typing by eric2-pcr indicated that the cefoxitin-resistant (foxr) isolates were distinct. beta-lactamase studies and hybridization experiments showed that most strains produced beta-lactamases related to the ampc chromosomal cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii. the enzymes were encoded by similar non-self-transmissible plasmids. the bla genes encoding two beta-lactamase ... | 1998 | 9818739 |
| three-dimensional structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli bound to a transition-state analogue: possible implications for the oxyanion hypothesis and for inhibitor design. | the structures of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli, alone and in complex with a transition-state analogue, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. the native enzyme was determined to 2.0 a resolution, and the structure with the transition-state analogue m-aminophenylboronic acid was determined to 2.3 a resolution. the structure of ampc from e. coli resembles those previously determined for the class c enzymes from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. the transition-stat ... | 1998 | 9819201 |
| activity of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (ro 48-8391) alone and in combination with two novel beta-lactamase inhibitors (ro 48-5545 and ro 48-8724). | the susceptibility of a group of beta-lactamase-producing and drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was tested against a novel cephalosporin (ro 48-8391) alone and in combination with two bridged carbacephem beta-lactamase inhibitors (ro 48-5545 or ro 48-8724) and compared with that of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime (representative "third- and fourth-generation" cephalosporins), imipenem, and a combination of piperacillin and tazobactam. five hundred and one selected c ... | 1998 | 9823530 |
| [selection of antibacterial therapy for treatment of infections in elderly patients]. | examination of 60 elderly outpatients with lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) revealed that 73 per cent of the patients isolated the pathogen associations and only 27 per cent isolated the monocultures. grampositive cocci including streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from 70 per cent of the patients, haemophilus influenzae and h.parainfluenzae were isolated from 20 per cent of the patients and acinetobacter spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., proteus spp. and pseudomonas aerugin ... | 1998 | 9825105 |
| [conservative regions of the gene of thermostable enterotoxin in enterobacteriaceae--the principal possibility of their practical use]. | the nucleotide sequences connected with the production of thermostable enterotoxins (st) by the representatives of enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. the conservative area sized up to 30 pairs of nucleotides at the 3'-end of all st-genes, present in the bank, and responsible for the enterotoxicity of st-toxin molecules was detected. on its basis 3 oligonucleotides were synthesized; 2 of them were used as primers in experiments on the amplification of the dna of enterotoxigenic strains of citrobac ... | 1998 | 9825497 |
| aspects of microbiological and chemical quality of turmus, lupin seeds debittered by soaking in water. | eleven species of spherical lactic acid bacteria (lab) belonging to the genera leuconostoc, lactococcus, enterococcus and pediococcus were the predominant microorganisms in 40 samples of turmus, ready-to-eat lupin seeds debittered by boiling and soaking in water. the average counts of the lab in the 20 winter samples and the 20 summer samples were 7.4 and 8.7 log cfu/g, respectively. the averages of the enterobacteriaceae counts were 5.1 and 6.6 log cfu/g, respectively, and the 11 species isolat ... | 1998 | 9829189 |
| integration host factor and cyclic amp receptor protein are required for tyrr-mediated activation of tpl in citrobacter freundii. | the tpl gene of citrobacter freundii encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of l-tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia. this gene is known to be positively regulated by tyrr. the amplitude of regulation attributable to this transcription factor is at least 20-fold. three tyrr binding sites, designated boxes a, b, and c, centered at coordinates -272.5, -158.5, and -49.5, respectively, were identified in the upstream region of the tpl promoter. the results of mutational experiments su ... | 1998 | 9829925 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and expression of the 3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase gene from citrobacter amalonaticus strain yg-1002. | the gene coding for 3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase (3-methylaspartase, mal, ec 4.3.1.2) from citrobacter amalonaticus strain yg-1002 (tpu 6323) was cloned onto plasmid pbluescript ii ks(+), and the nucleotide sequence of the 1239-bp open reading frame (orf), consisting of 413 codons, was identified as the mal gene coding for mal. the predicted polypeptide has 62.5% identity with mal from the obligate anaerobe, clostridium tetanomorphum ncimb 11547. orf1, which showed 58.6% and 58.8% identities ... | 1998 | 9830098 |
| effect of "acidic oxidative potential water" on microbial contamination harvesting porcine pancreas for islet xenotransplantation. | 1998 | 9838512 | |
| adherence to testing criteria can minimize false-positive results for escherichia coli o157. | 1998 | 9841245 | |
| [in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpirome compared to other broad-spectrum beta-lactam drugs against 804 clinical isolates from 9 brazilian hospitals]. | to evaluate the in vitro activity of the fourth-generation cephalosporin cefpirome in comparison to that of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and imipenem in a multicenter study involving nine hospitals from six cities (four states). | 1998 | 9852647 |
| utility of serial rectal swab cultures for detection of ceftazidime- and imipenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli from patients in the intensive care unit. | forty-four patients receiving intensive care were studied prospectively to assess the utility of serial rectal swab cultures and clinical correlates of resistance for pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., morganella morganii, and serratia marcescens strains resistant to ceftazidime or imipenem. strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., or morganella morganii were found in 26 of 44 (59%) patients: 17 (65%) in clinical sites (11 with concomitant ... | 1998 | 9865988 |
| characterisation of cmy-4, an ampc-type plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in a tunisian clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis. | a strain of proteus mirabilis resistant to beta-lactams, including cefoxitin, was isolated from the urine of a woman from tunisia. its antibiotic susceptibility pattern and that of the escherichia coli transconjugant suggested the presence of an ampc-type beta-lactamase. two bands of beta-lactamase activity (pi 5.4 and 9.2) were detected by isoelectric focusing. the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the ampc-type enzyme was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence was 98-99% identical ... | 1998 | 9868767 |
| comparative activities of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (ch1240, ch2140) in experimental mouse infection model. | the antibacterial activity of novel beta-lactamase inhibitors, 6-exomethylene penamsulfones (ch1240, ch2140), has been compared in vivo with that of sulbactam and clavulanic acid against beta-lactamase producing strains. in vivo microbiological assessment was used as experimental mouse infection model by gram negative strains. against pseudomonas aeruginosa f0013, cefoperazone/ch1240 was slightly less active than sulbactam. ampicillin/ch1240 was more active than sulbactam against citrobacter div ... | 1998 | 9875489 |
| in vitro activity of trovafloxacin (cp 99,219), a new fluoroquinolone against hospital isolates. | the susceptibility of 492 enterobacteriaceae, 227 other gram-negative bacteria, 448 gram-positive bacteria and 108 anaerobic organisms was determined by the agar dilution method against trovafloxacin and other antibiotics. trovafloxacin was highly active against most of the enterobacteriaceae including enterobacter spp. and citrobacter spp. [minimum inhibitory concentration (mic)90 <1 mg/l], acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90 = 0.25 and 2 mg/l, respectively). the antimicrobial ... | 1999 | 9876206 |
| bacteriology of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses in chronic sinusitis. | the bacteriology of chronic sinusitis was studied by using swab and mucosal specimens from both the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. the specimens of the maxillary sinus were taken through translabial antroscopy. the specimens of the ethmoid sinus were taken after removing the ethmoid bulla during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (fess). eighty-six samples of each type of specimen were collected. among the maxillary sinus samples, the culture rate was 60.5 per cent from the swab specimens and 3 ... | 1998 | 9876374 |
| analysis of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. | to develop a rapid and specific method to detect and/or identify enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7, two mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared. specificities of these two mabs (1d9 and 3e8) were determined by flow cytometry method (fcm). mabs 3e8 and 1d9 were found to react with e. coli o157:h7, citrobacter freundii and salmonella group n (o:30), but not with escherichia hermannii. with a mixture containing strains of e. coli o157:h7 and e. coli o6:h1, two different peaks appe ... | 1998 | 9879532 |
| conversion of tyrosine phenol-lyase to dicarboxylic amino acid beta-lyase, an enzyme not found in nature. | tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl), which catalyzes the beta-elimination reaction of l-tyrosine, and aspartate aminotransferase (aspat), which catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group from dicarboxylic amino acids to oxo acids, both belong to the alpha-family of vitamin b6-dependent enzymes. to switch the substrate specificity of tpl from l-tyrosine to dicarboxylic amino acids, two amino acid residues of aspat, thought to be important for the recognition of dicarboxylic substrates, were graf ... | 1999 | 9880502 |
| characterization of sfo-1, a plasmid-mediated inducible class a beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae 8009 produced an inducible class a beta-lactamase which hydrolyzed cefotaxime efficiently. it also hydrolyzed other beta-lactams except cephamycins and carbapenems. the activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid and imipenem. the bla gene was transferable to escherichia coli by electroporation of plasmid dna. the molecular mass of the beta-lactamase was 29 kda and its pi was 7.3. all of these phenotypic characteristics of the enzyme except for inducible production resemble th ... | 1999 | 9925524 |
| a novel chromogenic ester agar medium for detection of salmonellae. | a novel agar medium, chromogenic salmonella esterase (cse) agar, for the differentiation of salmonellae is described. the agar contains peptones and nutrient extracts together with the following (grams per liter unless otherwise specified): 4-[2-(4-octanoyloxy-3, 5-dimethoxyphenyl)-vinyl]-quinolinium-1-(propan-3-yl carboxylic acid) bromide (slpa-octanoate; bromide form), 0.3223; lactose, 14. 65; trisodium citrate dihydrate, 0.5; tween 20, 3.0; ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, 0.035% (wt/vol), novo ... | 1999 | 9925620 |
| study of rapidity and quality for the vitek susceptibility cards with 45 wells. | vitek 45 wells card was evaluated. recent clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci (107) and gram-negative bacilli (179) were antimicrobial susceptibility testing by vitek system in comparison with mic-2000 system. the antimicrobial susceptibility results were available within of 8 h for gram-positive cocci without a part of mrsa. enterobac-teriaceae were available within of 8 h and pseudomonas aeruginosa were from 8 to 11 h. the antimicrobial susceptibility data had disagreement of 60% with em, ... | 1998 | 10036375 |
| increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens causing acute uncomplicated cystitis in women. | guidelines for the management of acute uncomplicated cystitis in women that recommend empirical therapy in properly selected patients rely on the predictability of the agents causing cystitis and knowledge of their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. | 1999 | 10052444 |
| the role of citrobacter in clinical disease of children: review. | various species of citrobacter may cause infections in neonates and immunocompromised hosts. citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) is best known as the cause of sepsis and meningitis leading to central nervous system (cns) abscesses in neonates and young infants. early onset and late-onset infections occur as for other neonatal bacterial infections. the majority of cases are sporadic, with no clear source of infection. a few have been confirmed to be vertically transmitted, and noso ... | 1999 | 10064257 |
| abdominal ascites in electric eels (electrophorus electricus) associated with hepatic hemosiderosis and elevated water ph. | six electric eels (electrophorus electricus) from various centers that house aquatic organisms presented clinically with abdominal distension following prolonged exposure to elevated environmental ph. postmortem examination revealed marked ascites. culture of the abdominal fluid from three of the eels yielded either aeromonas hydrophila or citrobacter freundii, which were most likely secondary invaders. histopathology showed marked iron accumulation in both hepatocytes and hepatic macrophage agg ... | 1998 | 10065849 |
| cloning and expression in escherichia coli of an azoreductase gene from clostridium perfringens and comparison with azoreductase genes from other bacteria. | a genomic library of clostridium perfringens atcc 3626 was constructed in phage lambda gt11 and screened with an antibody against the c. perfringens azoreductase, which catalyzes the reduction of azo dyes to aromatic amines. a positive recombinant phage, containing a 3.8 kb dna fragment insert was selected and purified. lytic and lysogenic escherichia coli cultures infected with the recombinant phage had higher azoreductase activity than cultures infected only with the vector lambda gt11. the 3. ... | 1999 | 10071864 |
| synthesis and evaluation of 2 beta-oxyimino and alkenylpenicillanic acid sulfone derivatives as beta-lactamase inhibitors. | the synthesis and in vitro synergies of 2 beta-alkenyl and oxyiminopenam sulfone derivatives are described. most of the compounds synthesized exhibited good inhibitory activities and synergistic antibacterial activities with piperacillin and ceftriaxone, respectively, against several beta-lactamase producing strains. particularly the 2 beta-alkenylpenam sulfone derivatives. 1e and 1g, showed good synergistic activity with ceftriaxone against citrobacter freundi nih 10018-68 and proteus vulgaris ... | 1999 | 10073138 |