Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
strategies for pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccination of schoolchildren in the united states.vaccinating school-aged children against influenza can reduce age-specific and population-level illness attack rates. using a stochastic simulation model of influenza transmission, the authors assessed strategies for vaccinating children in the united states, varying the vaccine type, coverage level, and reproductive number r (average number of secondary cases produced by a typical primary case). results indicated that vaccinating children can substantially reduce population-level illness attack ...200919679750
illnesses associated with chloropicrin use in california agriculture, 1992-2003.with limitations imposed on the use of methyl bromide by international treaty, use of metam-sodium, chloropicrin, and other fumigants have increased; this increase has been accompanied by multiple community illness episodes. in this review we address the california experience of direct or indirect exposures to chloropicrin, after use of this fumigant as an active ingredient in agricultural pest control, from the years 1992-2003. the best available toxicology data demonstrate that, for brief expo ...200919680609
enteric bacterial pathogen detection in southern sea otters (enhydra lutris nereis) is associated with coastal urbanization and freshwater runoff.although protected for nearly a century, california's sea otters have been slow to recover, in part due to exposure to fecally-associated protozoal pathogens like toxoplasma gondii and sarcocystis neurona. however, potential impacts from exposure to fecal bacteria have not been systematically explored. using selective media, we examined feces from live and dead sea otters from california for specific enteric bacterial pathogens (campylobacter, salmonella, clostridium perfringens, c. difficile an ...201019720009
human health risk assessment of endosulfan. part iv: occupational reentry and public non-dietary exposure and risk.the california department of pesticide regulation (cdpr) and the united states environmental protection agency (usepa) released revised draft risk assessments for the pesticidal active ingredient, endosulfan, just 2months apart, in november 2007 and january 2008. the exposure estimates, critical to risk assessment, were calculated by each agency using dissimilar approaches in certain aspects. the scenarios for which exposures and risks were estimated also varied somewhat between the two agencies ...201019733201
human health risk assessment of endosulfan: ii. dietary exposure assessment.the california department of pesticide regulation (cdpr) and the united states environmental protection agency (usepa) performed dietary exposure assessments for endosulfan in 1998 and 2002, respectively. results of the usepa assessment showed an increased risk for the population sub-group "children 1-6 years" (>100% of the population adjusted dose [pad]). usepa then required registrants to satisfy database uncertainties by performing subchronic neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity stud ...201019733202
human health risk assessment of endosulfan. i: toxicology and hazard identification.endosulfan is persistent in the environment and toxic to wildlife. legal mandates necessitate that a risk assessments be performed for endosulfan by the california department of pesticide regulation (cdpr) and the united states environmental protection agency (usepa). this hazard identification (hazard id) compared critical no-observed effect levels (noel) for acute, subchronic and chronic exposure intervals between the agencies. noels were discussed in light of their application to numerous exp ...201019733203
hiv infection and the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause.to evaluate the risk of cancers with and without a known infectious cause in hiv-infected persons.200919741479
farmworker children's residential non-dietary exposure estimates from micro-level activity time series.farmworkers' children may have increased pesticide exposure through dermal absorption and non-dietary ingestion, routes that are difficult to measure and model. the cumulative aggregate simulation of exposure (case) model, integrates the complexity of human behavior and variability of exposure processes by combining micro-level activity time series (mlats) and mechanistic exposure equations. case was used to estimate residential non-dietary organophosphate pesticide exposure (i.e., inhalation, d ...200919744713
the effect of selenium supplementation on dth skin responses in healthy north american men.the trace element selenium (se) is essential for immune system development and function in animals. however, the exact functions of se in the human immune system and the achievable health benefits from se supplementation remain unclear. to test whether an increased intake of dietary se affects immune function, we conducted a randomized, controlled trial of se supplementation in healthy free-living men. forty-two men were administered 300microg of se a day as high-se baker's yeast, or low-se yeas ...200919747623
rabies surveillance in the united states during 2008.during 2008, 49 states and puerto rico reported 6,841 cases of rabies in animals and 2 cases in humans to the cdc, representing a 3.1% decrease from the 7,060 cases in animals and 1 case in a human reported in 2007. approximately 93% of the cases were in wildlife, and 7% were in domestic animals. relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,389 (34.9%) raccoons, 1,806 (26.4%) bats, 1,589 (23.2%) skunks, 454 (6.6%) foxes, 294 (4.3%) cats, 75 (1.1%) dogs, and 59 (0.9%) catt ...200919751163
assessing marine debris in deep seafloor habitats off california.marine debris is a global concern that pollutes the world's oceans, including deep benthic habitats where little is known about the extent of the problem. we provide the first quantitative assessment of debris on the seafloor (20-365 m depth) in submarine canyons and the continental shelf off california, using the delta submersible. fishing activities were the most common contributors of debris. highest densities occurred close to ports off central california and increased significantly over the ...201019751942
long-term clinical outcomes following en bloc resections for sacral chordomas and chondrosarcomas: a series of twenty consecutive patients.retrospective study of 20 consecutive patients who underwent en bloc tumor excision of sacral chordomas and chondrosarcomas.200919752710
tensaw virus genome sequence and its relation to other bunyaviridae.tensaw virus (tsv) belongs to the genus orthobunyavirus within the bunyaviridae family. although tsv does not cause hemorrhagic fever as some other members of its family, serological studies have shown that serum from florida residents react against tsv indicating viral infection in humans. in this study, the three rna genome segments of a tsv isolated from anopheles crucians mosquitoes collected in north central florida in 2006 and a tsv isolate obtained from the cdc, fort collins, were sequenc ...200919760176
the university of california center for the environmental implications of nanotechnology.assessing nanomaterialsfor human health and ecotoxicological impact can be well aided by using high-throughput laboratory methods.200919764201
truths and myths that influence the sexual decision-making process among young multiethnic college women.in the united states, half of all new human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) cases are among 13- to 24-year-old women. heterosexual contact is the primary route of transmission (73%). young african americans account for 56% of reported hiv cases. in an earlier study, s. t. roberts and b. l. kennedy (2006) studied sexual decision making among 100 young multiethnic college women (ymcw). participants reported high condom use intention (84%) but inconsistent condom use (64%). participants perceived thei ...200919766928
effect of prescribed fire for tick control in california chaparral.prescribed fire was investigated as a method for controlling ixodid and argasid ticks in chaparral habitats in northern california. two experimental and two adjacent control plots within a wildlife preserve were monitored for 1 yr postburn. ticks were collected by flagging vegetation, by co2-baited pitfall trap, and by live-trapping rodents. twice as many rodents were caught at control sites compared with burn sites and no dusky-footed woodrats, neotoma fuscipes baird, were found in the treatmen ...200919769046
gender-specific selection in utero among contemporary human birth cohorts.much literature argues that natural selection has conserved mechanisms by which stressed females cull frail males in utero. this argument implies that males from low sex ratio birth cohorts should, on average, live longer than those from high sex ratio cohorts. research reports such associations but these tests use completed lifespan as the outcome and, therefore, must end with cohorts born in 1913 because too many males survive from more contemporary cohorts to determine average lifespan. the e ...200919775389
population structure of the lyme borreliosis spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus) in northern california.factors potentially contributing to the lower incidence of lyme borreliosis (lb) in the far-western than in the northeastern united states include tick host-seeking behavior resulting in fewer human tick encounters, lower densities of borrelia burgdorferi-infected vector ticks in peridomestic environments, and genetic variation among b. burgdorferi spirochetes to which humans are exposed. we determined the population structure of b. burgdorferi in over 200 infected nymphs of the primary bridging ...200919783741
susceptibility to crohn's disease is mediated by kir2dl2/kir2dl3 heterozygosity and the hla-c ligand.in the present study, we investigated the relationship between the kir loci and the genes encoding their hla ligands and genetic susceptibility to crohn's disease (cd). analyses of the interactions between kir3dl1, kir2dl1, kir2dl2, and kir2dl3 with their respective hla ligands indicate that there is a protective effect for kir2dl2 in the absence of its hla ligand c1. given that kir2dl2 and kir2dl3 segregate as alleles, we compared their genotypic distributions to expectations under hardy-weinbe ...200919789864
correlates for completion of 3-dose regimen of hpv vaccine in female members of a managed care organization.to examine the rate and correlates of completion of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (hpv4) 3-dose regimen because nonadherence to the regimen may adversely affect vaccine efficacy.200919797775
antibacterial agents in patients with swine flu. 200919801181
update on influenza a (h1n1) 2009 monovalent vaccines.on september 15, 2009, four influenza vaccine manufacturers received approval from the food and drug administration for use of influenza a (h1n1) 2009 monovalent influenza vaccines in the prevention of influenza caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) virus. both live, attenuated and inactivated influenza a (h1n1) 2009 monovalent vaccine formulations are available; each contains the strain a/california/7/2009(h1n1)pdm. none of the approved influenza a 2009 (h1n1) monovalent vaccines or se ...200919816398
evolution of a transdisciplinary "one medicine-one health" approach to global health education at the university of california, davis.in today's world health events in one nation or geographic area often have repercussions for the health and well-being of populations beyond that region; sometimes even globally. in recent years many factors, most notably concern about emerging infectious diseases, have contributed to an increasing appreciation of the interdependency of human, animal and ecosystem health worldwide. integrated global approaches to improve the health of humans, animals and their shared environments are proving to ...200919819575
gain-of-function variant in glud2 glutamate dehydrogenase modifies parkinson's disease onset.parkinson's disease (pd), a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and their terminations in the basal ganglia, is thought to be related to genetic and environmental factors. although the pathophysiology of pd neurodegeneration remains unclear, protein misfolding, mitochondrial abnormalities, glutamate dysfunction and/or oxidative stress have been implicated. in this study, we report that a rare t1492g variant in glud2, an x-linked gene encodi ...201019826450
growth of breastfed infants.understanding normal growth for the healthy breastfed infant is an important component of promoting and supporting child health in general and breastfeeding in particular. in this article, we summarize what is known regarding differences in growth between breastfed and formula-fed infants; we describe the development and use of infant growth references and growth standards; we introduce the new world health organization growth velocity standards for early infancy (which provide standards for gai ...200919827923
anatomical image library created. 200919831003
effects of dietary fiber, fats, and meat intakes on the risk of barrett's esophagus.animal and human models suggest associations between fat intake, fiber intake, and the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. we evaluated whether these factors may act early in the carcinogenic pathway as a risk factor for barrett's esophagus, a potentially premalignant precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma using a case-control design within the kaiser permanente, northern california population. incident barrett's esophagus cases (n = 296) were matched to persons with gastroesophageal reflux disea ...200919838934
institutional profile: the university of california pharmacogenomics center: at the interface of genomics, biological mechanisms and drug therapy.the pharmacogenomics center of the university of california, san francisco (ca, usa) fosters research and educational activities focused on the genomic basis for variation in drug response. investigators in the center conduct multidisciplinary and multicenter research on a diverse array of clinically used drugs with the goal of understanding the genetic factors that contribute to variation in therapeutic and adverse drug response. the center houses the large nih-supported pharmacogenomics of mem ...200919842929
clinical and angiographic results with the next-generation resolute stent system: a prospective, multicenter, first-in-human trial.the resolute trial examined the safety and efficacy of a next-generation zotarolimus-eluting coronary stent, resolute (medtronic cardiovascular inc., santa rosa, california).200919850258
human health risk assessment of endosulfan. part iii: occupational handler exposure and risk.the united states environmental protection agency (usepa) and the california department of pesticide regulation (cdpr) have authority to regulate pesticides, respectively, within the united states and within the state of california. both agencies are obligated to protect human and environmental health within the geographical boundaries where they have authority. risk assessment of pesticidal active ingredients is conducted by both usepa and cdpr, yet the agencies have different legal mandates th ...201019854234
pre-clinical pharmacology training in a student-centered veterinary curriculum.the appropriate use of therapeutics is important to both human and animal health. the field of pharmacology is rapidly progressing such that it is impossible to convey to students every possible piece of information they will need to know throughout their veterinary careers. instead, it is more important to train students for lifelong and self-directed learning so that they will be able to adapt to the ever-changing pharmaceutical landscape. western university of health sciences college of veter ...200919861712
update on emerging infections: news from the centers for disease control and prevention. hospitalized patients with novel influenza a (h1n1) virus infection--california, april-may, 2009. 200919866495
residential air exchange rates in three major us metropolitan areas: results from the relationship among indoor, outdoor, and personal air study 1999-2001.we report approximately 500 indoor-outdoor air exchange rate (aer) calculations based on measurements conducted in residences in three us metropolitan areas in 1999-2001: elizabeth, new jersey; houston, texas; and los angeles county, california. overall, a median aer across these urban areas and seasons was 0.71 air changes per hour (ach, or per hour; n = 509) while median aers measured in california (n = 182), new jersey (n = 163), and texas (n = 164) were 0.87, 0.88, and 0.47 ach, respectively ...201019874401
adherence to screening for hepatocellular carcinoma among patients with cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis b in a community setting.screening for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) has been shown to improve survival via earlier cancer detection. although hcc screening is considered standard of care in the usa, little is known of the adherence to this practice, especially in a community setting.200919876735
factors associated with death or hospitalization due to pandemic 2009 influenza a(h1n1) infection in california.pandemic influenza a(h1n1) emerged rapidly in california in april 2009. preliminary comparisons with seasonal influenza suggest that pandemic 2009 influenza a(h1n1) disproportionately affects younger ages and causes generally mild disease.200919887665
paraoxonase 1, agricultural organophosphate exposure, and parkinson disease.human, animal and cell models support a role for pesticides in the etiology of parkinson disease. susceptibility to pesticides may be modified by genetic variants of xenobiotic enzymes, such as paraoxonase, that play a role in metabolizing some organophosphates.201019907334
pulmonary coccidioidomycosis: import illness and the importance of travel history.a 35-year-old man presented at the outpatient department of pulmonary diseases with fever, rhinitis and coughing. he had recently been on holiday in california. except for a body temperature of 39.7 degrees c there were no other abnormal findings at the physical examination. chest x-ray showed a consolidation in the left upper lobe. under antibiotic treatment his clinical condition deteriorated. coccidioidomycosis was the suspected diagnosis and confirmed by the results of ct scanning and cultur ...200919915230
geographic genetic differentiation of a malaria parasite, plasmodium mexicanum, and its lizard host, sceloporus occidentalis.gene flow, and resulting degree of genetic differentiation among populations, will shape geographic genetic patterns and possibly local adaptation of parasites and their hosts. some studies of plasmodium falciparum in humans show substantial differentiation of the parasite in locations separated by only a few kilometers, a paradoxical finding for a parasite in a large, mobile host. we examined genetic differentiation of the malaria parasite plasmodium mexicanum, and its lizard host, sceloporus o ...201019916631
southern california drosophila conference: irvine, ca - september 11, 2009.as has become tradition, this year's southern california drosophila conference was hosted by the developmental biology center (http://dbc.bio.uci.edu/) at the university of california, irvine. on september 11, 2009, speakers from institutions in los angeles, orange, riverside, and san diego counties presented their latest results in an informal and friendly atmosphere and had the opportunity to learn about new resources and facilities, establish collaborations, and network about job openings and ...200919923916
irrigation as a menace to health in california: a nineteenth century view.aversion to wet places has a long history for western man, and it is probably rooted in the ancient greek etiology of disease. wet, poorly drained places with abundant surface water, especially if they are also low-lying, have generally been avoided as permanent sites for settlement, and even their proximity has sometimes been shunned. such avoidance is in large part rational, deriving from direct limitations of the environment, but avoidance of wet places for less direct, and often less rationa ...196919928635
a unified approach to molecular epidemiology investigations: tools and patterns in california as a case study for endemic shigellosis.shigellosis causes diarrheal disease in humans from both developed and developing countries, and multi-drug resistance is an emerging problem. the objective of this study is to present a unified approach that can be used to characterize endemic and outbreak patterns of shigellosis using use a suite of epidemiologic and molecular techniques. the approach is applied to a california case study example of endemic shigellosis at the population level.200919930709
evidence for thyroid endocrine disruption in wild fish in san francisco bay, california, usa. relationships to contaminant exposures.it is well documented that many coastal and estuarine environments adjacent to developed and industrialized urban centers, such as the san francisco bay area, are significantly contaminated by anthropogenic chemicals. however, it is not well understood to what extent existing contaminants, many with continuing inflows into the environment, may impact exposed wildlife. this study provided an initial characterization of thyroid endocrine-related effects and their relationship to accumulated contam ...201019939474
risk factors of herpes zoster among children immunized with varicella vaccine: results from a nested case-control study.previous studies of varicella-zoster virus reactivation in children have provided little information on potential risk factors. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of race, chronic medical conditions and treatments, and recent vaccination, on the risk of herpes zoster (hz) in children vaccinated with one dose of varicella vaccine.201019952977
nicotine withdrawal sensitivity, linkage to chr6q26, and association of oprm1 snps in the smoking in families (smofam) sample.nicotine withdrawal symptoms are related to smoking cessation. a rasch model has been used to develop a unidimensional sensitivity score representing multiple correlated measures of nicotine withdrawal. a previous autosome-wide screen identified a nonparametric linkage (npl) log-likelihood ratio (lod) score of 2.7 on chromosome 6q26 for the sum of nine withdrawal symptoms.200919959688
evidence of bias in studies of influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly patients.although studies have shown influenza vaccines to be effective in preventing death in the elderly population, these findings may be the result of selection bias. we examined the relationship between vaccination, age, underlying morbidity, and probability of death in the upcoming year. vaccination coverage varied in a curvilinear fashion with age, morbidity, and risk of death. forgoing vaccination predicted death in those who had received vaccinations in the previous 5 years, but it predicted sur ...201019995265
correlation of genotype and in vitro susceptibilities of cryptococcus gattii strains from the pacific northwest of the united states.cryptococcus gattii emerged in north america in 1999 as a human and veterinary pathogen on vancouver island, british columbia. the emergent subtype, vgiia, and the closely related subtype vgiib can now be found in the united states in washington, oregon, and california. we performed multilocus sequence typing and antifungal susceptibility testing on 43 isolates of c. gattii from human patients in oregon, washington, california, and idaho. in contrast to vancouver island, vgiia was the most frequ ...201020007380
the relative importance of disturbance and exotic-plant abundance in california coastal sage scrub.many ecosystems of conservation concern require some level of disturbance to sustain their species composition and ecological function. however, inappropriate disturbance regimes could favor invasion or expansion of exotic species. in southern california coastal sage scrub (css) fire is a natural disturbance, but because of human influence, frequencies may now be unnaturally high. other anthropogenic disturbances such as grazing also occur in reserve areas. managers charged with imposing or tole ...200920014589
not all ski slopes are created equal: disturbance intensity affects ecosystem properties.in mountain regions around the world, downhill ski areas represent a significant source of anthropogenic disturbance while also providing recreation and revenue. ski-run creation always results in some level of disturbance, but disturbance intensity varies greatly with construction method. ski runs may be established either by clearing (cutting and removing tall vegetation) or by clearing and then machine-grading (leveling the soil surface with heavy equipment). to quantify how these different i ...200920014591
microbiological water quality at non-human influenced reference beaches in southern california during wet weather.although urban wet weather discharges may have elevated concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria impacting water quality at swimming beaches, not all of these bacteria may arise from human sources. in this study, the contribution of non-human fecal indicator bacteria was quantified by sampling coastal reference beaches in southern california. samples were collected at beaches near stormwater discharges from undeveloped watersheds and analyzed for total coliform, escherichia coli, and enterococ ...201020015517
triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and plasma lipid transport.this memoir provides a history of the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins of blood plasma over the last half-century. as precursors of low-density lipoproteins and in their own right, triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are essential to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and to consequent ischemic vascular disease. the author recounts research at the national heart institute during 1953 to 1956 and continuing thereafter at the university of california san francisco. emphasis is placed on key insight ...201020018941
seroprevalence of trypanosoma cruzi among eleven potential reservoir species from six states across the southern united states.trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease, is a substantial public health concern in latin america. although rare in humans and domestic animals in the united states, t. cruzi is commonly detected in some wildlife species, most commonly raccoons (procyon lotor) and virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana). to increase our understanding of the reservoir host species range and geographic distribution, 11 species of mammals from six states spanning the known range of t. cruzi (arizo ...201020020815
phenotypic characteristics of novel swine-origin influenza a/california/07/2009 (h1n1) virus.the 2009 novel a(h1n1) virus appears to be of swine origin. this strain causing the current outbreaks is a new virus that has not been seen previously either in humans or animals. we have previously reported that viruses causing pandemics or large outbreaks were able to grow at a temperature above the normal physiological range (temperature resistance, non-ts phenotype), were found to be inhibitor resistant and restricted in replication at suboptimal temperature (sensitivity to grow at low tempe ...201020021501
do wages matter?: a backward bend in the 2004 california rn labor supply.using data from the 2004 california board of registered nursing survey, a two-stage least-square equation was estimated to examine the effect of wages on hours worked by female registered nurses. wages were found to have a nonlinear effect on hours worked, with a backward bending supply curve. wages had a positive effect on the average hours worked per week up to $24.99 per hour and a negative effect between $30.00 and $100.00 per hour when compared with the wage category of $25.00 to $29.99. re ...200920022915
ecological control of fecal indicator bacteria in an urban stream.fecal indicator bacteria (fib) have long been used as a marker of fecal pollution in surface waters subject to point source and non-point source discharges of treated or untreated human waste. in this paper, we set out to determine the source(s) of elevated fib concentrations in cucamonga creek, a concrete-lined urban stream in southern california. flow in the creek consists primarily of treated and disinfected wastewater effluent, mixed with relatively smaller but variable flow of runoff from t ...201020028091
severe 2009 h1n1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women in california.like previous epidemic and pandemic diseases, 2009 pandemic influenza a (h1n1) may pose an increased risk of severe illness in pregnant women.201020032319
hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in five pediatric patients - four states, 2009.hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps) is a reportable infectious disease with a high case-fatality rate, transmitted to humans by exposure to rodents. each year, 20--40 cases of hps occur in the united states; cases in persons aged <17 years make up fewer than 7% of those cases, and cases in children aged <10 years are exceptionally rare. cdc received reports of five pediatric cases of hps occurring during may 16--november 25, 2009, among children aged 6--14 years from arizona, california, colorad ...200920032925
surface water quality along the central john muir trail in the sierra nevada mountains: coliforms and algae.the john muir trail (jmt) in the sierra nevada mountains of california is one of the most popular alpine wilderness trails in the united states, where backpackers depend on trailside water sources for more than 335 km (208 miles). this study addressed the risk of acquiring waterborne disease by analyzing prevalence and changes in coliform bacteria and escherichia coli (e. coli) in lakes and streams adjacent to the central jmt. chlorophyll-a levels were also measured as an indicator of high eleva ...200920039816
determinants of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon levels in house dust.estimation of human exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) is often desired for the epidemiological studies of cancer. one way to obtain information about indoor levels of pahs is to measure these chemicals in house dust. in this study, we evaluated the predictive value of self-reported and geographic data for estimating measured levels of nine pahs in house dust from 583 households in the northern california childhood leukemia study (nccls). using multivariable linear regression m ...201120040932
treatment preferences: impact of risk and benefit in decision-making.understanding treatment preferences of seriously ill patients is complex. previous studies have shown a correlation between the burden and outcome of a treatment and the likelihood a patient will accept a given intervention. in this study the willingness to accept life sustaining treatment (walt) survey was used in a predominantly latino population receiving care at a large urban safety net hospital. eligible patients were cared for by one of four clinics: (1) human immunodeficiency virus (hiv); ...201020050792
using geographic information systems (gis) to assess outcome disparities in patients with type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia.geographic information systems (gis) tools can help expand our understanding of disparities in health outcomes within a community. the purpose of this project was (1) to demonstrate the methods to link a disease management registry with a gis mapping and analysis program, (2) to address the challenges that occur when performing this link, and (3) to analyze the outcome disparities resulting from this assessment tool in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.201020051547
discretionary calorie intake a priority for obesity prevention: results of rapid participatory approaches in low-income us communities.since resources are limited, selecting the most promising targets for obesity interventions is critical. we examined the relative associations of physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and 'junk food' consumption with bmi and the prevalence of relevant policies in school, work, food outlets and health-care settings.201020056777
multistate outbreak of human salmonella typhimurium infections associated with aquatic frogs - united states, 2009.during april-july 2009, the utah department of health identified five cases of salmonella typhimurium infection with indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, predominantly among children. in august, cdc began a multistate outbreak investigation to determine the source of the infections. this report summarizes the results of this ongoing investigation, which, as of december 30, had identified 85 s. typhimurium human isolates with the outbreak strain from 31 states. in a ...201020057349
quality of life, characteristics and survival of patients with hiv and lymphoma.we sought to compare the quality of life (qol), characteristics, and survival of patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) with and without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.201020058087
influenza a viruses in wild birds of the pacific flyway, 2005-2008.avian influenza viruses (aivs) pose a significant threat to public health, and viral subtypes circulating in natural avian reservoirs can contribute to the emergence of pathogenic influenza viruses in humans. we investigated the prevalence and distribution of aivs in 8826 migratory and resident wild birds in north america along the pacific flyway, which is a major north-south migration pathway that overlaps with four other flyways in alaska providing opportunities for mixing of eurasian and amer ...201020059316
knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding influenza prevention and control measures among hispanics in san diego county--2006.influenza vaccination is the most effective method to avoid influenza virus infection and its potential serious complications; however, influenza vaccine is underutilized especially among minority groups.200920073136
rickettsia 364d: a newly recognized cause of eschar-associated illness in california.four spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) are known to infect humans in the united states. a member of the sfgr designated 364d and detected in dermacentor occidentalis ticks has not previously been identified as a human pathogen.201020073993
the california stem cell initiative: persuasion, politics, and public science.the california institute for regenerative medicine (cirm) was created by a california ballot initiative to make stem cell research a constitutional right, in response to bush administration restrictions on stem cell research. the initiative created a taxpayer-funded, multibillion-dollar institution, intended to advance public health by developing cures and treatments for diabetes, cancer, paralysis, and other conditions. the initiative has been highly controversial among stakeholders and watchdo ...201020075315
enhancing spatial detection accuracy for syndromic surveillance with street level incidence data.the department of defense military health system operates a syndromic surveillance system that monitors medical records at more than 450 non-combat military treatment facilities (mtf) worldwide. the electronic surveillance system for early notification of community-based epidemics (essence) uses both temporal and spatial algorithms to detect disease outbreaks. this study focuses on spatial detection and attempts to improve the effectiveness of the essence implementation of the spatial scan stati ...201020082711
coinfection of western gray squirrel (sciurus griseus) and other sciurid rodents with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum in california.overlapping geographic distributions of tick-borne disease agents utilizing the same tick vectors are common, and coinfection of humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ticks with both borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum has been frequently reported. this study was undertaken in order to evaluate the prevalence of both b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (hereinafter referred to as b. burgdorferi) and a. phagocytophilum in several species of sciurid rodents from northern california, usa. ...201020090047
burden of influenza-related hospitalizations among children with sickle cell disease.children with sickle cell disease (scd) are considered to be at high risk for complications from influenza infection despite minimal published data that characterize the burden of influenza in this population. our objectives were to (1) estimate the rate of influenza-related hospitalizations (irhs) among children with scd, (2) compare this rate with rates of children with cystic fibrosis (cf) and children with neither scd nor cf, and (3) explore mechanisms that underlie these potentially prevent ...201020100764
pbde concentrations in women's serum and fecundability.exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) flame retardants is widespread, with 97% of americans having detectable levels. although pbdes have been associated with reproductive and hormonal effects in animals, no human studies have examined their association with fertility.201020103495
swine-origin influenza virus (soiv) in louisiana, 2009.since the new flu strain--named a(h1n1) or swine origin influenza virus (soiv) to differentiate it from the seasonal h1n1--first emerged in mexico and the united states in april, it has spread to 74 countries around the globe. the objectives of this article are to describe the initial stages of the epidemic in louisiana and to draw some epidemiologic lessons for the future, which could be particularly useful if the pandemic continues during the winter season 2009-2010. between april 22, 2009 (da ...200920108825
shifting away from silos. the interoperability challenges that hospitals face pale in comparison to the headaches plaguing state departments. 201020120892
participation in the decision to become vaccinated against human papillomavirus by california high school girls and the predictors of vaccine status.state and national policymakers are actively debating the merits of legally mandating the human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine.201020122474
international cohort analysis of the antiviral activities of zidovudine and tenofovir in the presence of the k65r mutation in reverse transcriptase.a k65r mutation in hiv-1 reverse transcriptase can occur with the failure of tenofovir-, didanosine-, abacavir-, and, in some cases, stavudine-containing regimens and leads to reduced phenotypic susceptibility to these drugs and hypersusceptibility to zidovudine, but its clinical impact is poorly described. we identified isolates with the k65r mutation within the stanford resistance database and a french cohort for which subsequent treatment and virological response data were available. the part ...201020124005
primary signet-ring carcinoma (src) of the lung: a population-based epidemiologic study of 262 cases with comparison to adenocarcinoma of the lung.the presence of signet-ring cell component has been described as a prominent feature of eml4-alk positive non-small cell lung cancer. we investigated the clinicopathologic features and survival outcome of primary signet-ring carcinoma (src) of the lung with comparison to adenocarcinoma of the lung.201020130484
compounded effects of climate change and habitat alteration shift patterns of butterfly diversity.climate change and habitat destruction have been linked to global declines in vertebrate biodiversity, including mammals, amphibians, birds, and fishes. however, invertebrates make up the vast majority of global species richness, and the combined effects of climate change and land use on invertebrates remain poorly understood. here we present 35 years of data on 159 species of butterflies from 10 sites along an elevational gradient spanning 0-2,775 m in a biodiversity hotspot, the sierra nevada ...201020133854
planning a study abroad clinical experience.not only is globalization expanding areas of human activity, it is also influencing the variety of educational offerings in universities. therefore, globalization must be considered by nurse educators as they reevaluate ways of preparing nursing students to meet the health care needs of populations they currently serve and will care for in the future. study abroad programs have been encouraged to be part of the college experience in the united states for more than 30 years; however, these progra ...201020143756
fulminant myocarditis associated with pandemic h1n1 influenza a virus in children. 201020153131
partitioning phase preference for secondary organic aerosol in an urban atmosphere.secondary organic aerosol (soa) comprises a significant portion of atmospheric particular matter. the impact of particular matter on both human health and global climate has long been recognized. despite its importance, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the formation and evolution of soa in the atmosphere. this study uses a modeling approach to understand the preferred partitioning behavior of soa species into aqueous or organic condensed phases. more specifically, this work us ...201020176970
collecting biomeasures in the panel study of income dynamics: ethical and legal concerns.as social surveys like the panel study of income dynamics (psid) consider adding biomeasures to their data collections, they will face complicated ethical, legal, and practical issues. both fairly and not, research participants are likely to be more concerned about their biomeasures than about their social data. this heightened concern will force investigators to pay more attention to difficult issues such as the research participant's control over subsequent uses of the samples or data, the par ...200920183909
pbdes in 2-5 year-old children from california and associations with diet and indoor environment.this study determined the body burden of pbdes in 100 california children, and evaluated associations with sociodemographic, household, and dietary factors. in national and international comparisons, california dust, breast milk, and human serum samples contain higher concentrations of pbdes. higher levels in children suggest exposure pathways depend upon age. plasma samples were analyzed for pbdes using gc/ms. circulating levels of pbdes were 10-to 1000-fold higher than similar aged populations ...201020196589
comparative effectiveness of two pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening interventions during an annual influenza vaccination campaign.to compare the effectiveness of two different pharmacy-based colorectal cancer screening (crcs) interventions taking place during an annual influenza vaccination campaign.201020199960
economic cost analysis of west nile virus outbreak, sacramento county, california, usa, 2005.in 2005, an outbreak of west nile virus (wnv) disease occurred in sacramento county, california; 163 human cases were reported. in response to wnv surveillance indicating increased wnv activity, the sacramento-yolo mosquito and vector control district conducted an emergency aerial spray. we determined the economic impact of the outbreak, including the vector control event and the medical cost to treat wnv disease. wnv disease in sacramento county cost approximately $2.28 million for medical trea ...201020202424
surveillance lessons from first-wave pandemic (h1n1) 2009, northern california, usa.after the appearance of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 in april 2009, influenza activity was monitored within the kaiser permanente northern california division by using laboratory, pharmacy, telephone calls, and utilization (services patients received) data. a combination of testing and utilization data showed a pattern of disease activity, but this pattern may have been affected by public perception of the epidemic.201020202431
lessons from practice: risk of cin 3 or cancer associated with an lsil or hpv-positive asc-us screening result in women aged 21 to 24.to characterize the risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (cin 3) and cancer in women aged 21 to 24 with human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (asc-us) and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (lsil) screening results in routine clinical practice.201020354416
chimpanzee research today. cutting to the bone of human origins. 201020360089
tracing the origins of mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in humans in the usa to cattle in mexico using spoligotyping.to compare genotypes of mycobacterium bovis strains from humans in southern california with genotypes of m. bovis strains in cattle in mexico and the usa to explore the possible origins of human infections.201020399697
evaluation of efficacy and human health risk of aerial ultra-low volume applications of pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide for adult mosquito management in response to west nile virus activity in sacramento county, california.the sacramento and yolo mosquito and vector control district (symvcd, also referred to as "the district") conducts surveillance and management of mosquitoes in sacramento and yolo counties in california. following an increase in numbers and west nile virus (wnv) infection rates of culex tarsalis and culex pipiens, the district decided on july 26, 2007, to conduct aerial applications of evergreen ec 60-6 (60% pyrethrins: 6% piperonyl butoxide) over approximately 215 km2 in the north area of sacra ...201020402352
non-prescription syringe sales in california: a qualitative examination of practices among 12 local health jurisdictions.legislation permitting non-prescription syringe sales (npss) was passed in 2004 in california as a structural intervention designed to expand access to syringes for injection drug users. as of december 2009, 19 of california's 61 local health jurisdictions (lhjs) have approved policies to authorize pharmacies to sell non-prescription syringes. the legislation faces termination in 2010 if current evaluation efforts fail to demonstrate outcomes defined in the legislation. using qualitative methods ...201020405227
spread of adenovirus to geographically dispersed military installations, may-october 2007.in mid-may 2007, a respiratory disease outbreak associated with adenovirus, serotype b14 (ad14), was recognized at a large military basic training facility in texas. the affected population was highly mobile; after the 6-week basic training course, trainees immediately dispersed to advanced training sites worldwide. accordingly, enhanced surveillance and control efforts were instituted at sites receiving the most trainees. specimens from patients with pneumonia or febrile respiratory illness wer ...201020409365
seasonal synchronization of influenza in the united states older adult population.in temperate regions, influenza epidemics occur annually with the highest activity occurring during the winter months. while seasonal dynamics of the influenza virus, such as time of onset and circulating strains, are well documented by the centers for disease control and prevention influenza surveillance system, an accurate prediction of timing, magnitude, and composition of circulating strains of seasonal influenza remains elusive. to facilitate public health preparedness for seasonal influenz ...201020419169
communicating marine reserve science to diverse audiences.as human impacts cause ecosystem-wide changes in the oceans, the need to protect and restore marine resources has led to increasing calls for and establishment of marine reserves. scientific information about marine reserves has multiplied over the last decade, providing useful knowledge about this tool for resource users, managers, policy makers, and the general public. this information must be conveyed to nonscientists in a nontechnical, credible, and neutral format, but most scientists are no ...201020427745
patenting of human genetic material v. bioethics: revisiting the case of john moore v. regents of the university of california.moore v. regents of the university of california was one of the first cases internationally that dealt with the patenting of human genetic material. the case is closely related to the development of medicine and of biotechnology applied to medicine. these developments require the utilisation of human body parts, both for experiments and for transplant, and present certain major medico-legal problems. however, the case did not produce conclusive decisions on the various key legal issues that it r ...201020432879
black and organic carbon emission inventories: review and application to california.particulate black or elemental carbon (ec) (black carbon [bc]) and organic carbon (oc) affect climate, visibility, and human health. several "top-down" and "bottom-up" global emission inventories for these components have compiled country-wide emission factors, source profiles, and activity levels that do not necessarily reflect local conditions. recent estimates of global bc and oc emissions range from 8 to 24 and 33 to 62 tg (1012 g) per year, respectively. u.s. bc emissions account for 5.6% o ...201020437785
tickborne powassan virus infections among wisconsin residents.powassan virus (powv) is a tickborne flavivirus that causes a rare but potentially life-threatening illness. the first reported case of powv infection in a wisconsin resident occurred in 2003. enhanced surveillance and testing detected 2 additional cases.201020443328
cyp2c9 allele frequency differences between populations of mexican-mestizo, mexican-tepehuano, and spaniards.earlier we had found that the cyp2c9*2 allelic frequency was lower in mexican-americans living in california than in spaniards (sp). this was assumed to be related to the low cyp2c9*2 and *3 allele frequencies in orientals. this study was therefore aimed at analyzing whether there were also differences in cyp2c9 allele frequencies between mexican-tepehuanos (mt) and mexican-mestizos (mm) living in northwestern mexico and sp. the cyp2c9*2 frequency was expected to be lower in the indigenous mt th ...201120458343
bat guano virome: predominance of dietary viruses from insects and plants plus novel mammalian viruses.bats are hosts to a variety of viruses capable of zoonotic transmissions. because of increased contact between bats, humans, and other animal species, the possibility exists for further cross-species transmissions and ensuing disease outbreaks. we describe here full and partial viral genomes identified using metagenomics in the guano of bats from california and texas. a total of 34% and 58% of 390,000 sequence reads from bat guano in california and texas, respectively, were related to eukaryotic ...201020463061
treatment of ductal carcinoma in situ among patients cared for in large integrated health plans.to examine whether use of adjuvant therapy varies by race/ethnicity among patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (dcis) at 3 integrated health plan delivery sites based in california and massachusetts.201020469955
lack of sequence variation of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene from a malaria parasite, plasmodium mexicanum.very slight sequence differences in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, even single nucleotide substitutions, have been proposed as indicative of different species of avian malaria parasites. however, few studies have examined within-species variation in that gene for plasmodium or related genera. we examined sequences for the entire cytochrome b gene from plasmodium mexicanum , a parasite of lizards, for sites where microsatellite markers revealed substantial genetic diversity. for sites where ...201020476806
Displaying items 2001 - 2100 of 2447