Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| re-emergence of el tor vibrio in outbreak of cholera in & around nagpur. | contrary to earlier outbreaks of cholera due to vibrio cholerae o139 during 1993 and its reemergence in 1998 in and around nagpur and only sporadic episodes thereafter for next couple of years, a large outbreak was encountered between june and october 2003. v. cholerae 01 el tor were isolated in 198 cases, of which 152 were ogawa, 3 inaba, 4 hikojima and 39 were non agglutinating (nag) vibrios. no isolate of v. cholerae o139 was detected during the entire outbreak. the isolates were multi drug r ... | 2004 | 15591633 |
| vaccine-induced protection against gastrointestinal bacterial infections in the absence of secretory antibodies. | secretory iga (siga) is widely held to be responsible for the defense of the mucosae against pathogenics and other potentially harmful agents. in this study, polymeric ig receptor (pigr) knockout mice, which lack secretory antibodies (sab), were used to investigate the role of vaccine-elicited sab in protection against gastrointestinal bacterial infections. an essential role for specific sab in protection against vibrio cholerae was evident from experiments showing that vaccinated pigr(-/-) mice ... | 2005 | 15593123 |
| [evolution of the cholera agent genome]. | "mikrob" russian research anti-plague institute, saratov studies of the genomic evolution of pathogenic bacteria became a priority research trend of modern molecular genetics. vibrio cholerae, whose pathogenic properties are conditioned by the presence of virulence blocks of differing phylogenetic origins in 2 chromosomes, turned out to be a unique model object for studies of evolutionary transformations of genomes that are causative agents of extra dangerous infections. the molecular-and-geneti ... | 2004 | 15597566 |
| [retrospective vntr-analysis of genotypes of vibrio cholerae 01 strains isolated, during the 7th cholera pandemic, in rostov region]. | antiplague research institute, rostov-on-don, russia retrospective multi-locus vntr-analysis was made for 166 vibrio cholerae strains isolated, 1967-2001, in rostov region from clinical samples (82 strains) and from water samples (84 strains). on the basis of cluster analysis of heterogeneous identification strain genotypes, 45 variations of individual strains were shared between 11 separate clusters, among which the f cluster vibrios were predominant. having emerged, 1970, in the region, they w ... | 2004 | 15597569 |
| molecular analysis of the vibrio cholerae type ii secretion atpase epse. | the type ii secretion system is a macromolecular assembly that facilitates the extracellular translocation of folded proteins in gram-negative bacteria. epse, a member of this secretion system in vibrio cholerae, contains a nucleotide-binding motif composed of walker a and b boxes that are thought to participate in binding and hydrolysis of atp and displays structural homology to other transport atpases. here we demonstrate that purified epse is an mg2+-dependent atpase and define optimal condit ... | 2005 | 15601709 |
| on-line multi-analyzer monitoring of biomass, glucose and acetate for growth rate control of a vibrio cholerae fed-batch cultivation. | in situ near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy and in-line electronic nose (en) mapping were used to monitor and control a cholera-toxin producing vibrio cholerae fed-batch cultivation carried out with a laboratory method as well as with a production method. prediction models for biomass, glucose and acetate using nir spectroscopy were developed based on spectral identification and partial-least squares (pls) regression resulting in high correlation to reference data (standard errors of prediction for ... | 2005 | 15607226 |
| the membrane-associated lipoprotein-9 gmpc from staphylococcus aureus binds the dipeptide glymet via side chain interactions. | bacterial dipeptide abc transporters function to import a wide range of dipeptide substrates. this ability to transport a wide variety of dipeptides is conferred by the cognate substrate binding protein (sbp) of these transporters. sbps bind dipeptides with little regard for their amino acid content. here, we report the 1.7 a resolution structure of lipoprotein-9 (sa0422) of staphylococcus aureus in complex with the dipeptide glycylmethionine. experimental characterization of the subcellular loc ... | 2004 | 15610013 |
| distinct segregation dynamics of the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes. | the study of prokaryotic chromosome segregation has focused primarily on bacteria with single circular chromosomes. little is known about segregation in bacteria with multipartite genomes. the human diarrhoeal pathogen vibrio cholerae has two circular chromosomes of unequal sizes. using static and time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, we visualized the localization and segregation of the origins of replication of the v. cholerae chromosomes. in all stages of the cell cycle, the two origins localiz ... | 2005 | 15612922 |
| [performance of cholera-smart and pathogen-detection-kit in the quick diagnosis of cholera]. | to compare the performance of two rapid systems for the diagnosis of cholera with the culture method, and to propose a strategy for improving the specificity and sensitivity of these systems and reducing the costs involved in making a diagnosis. | 2004 | 15615597 |
| a variant type of vibrio cholerae sxt element in a multidrug-resistant strain of vibrio fluvialis. | vibrio fluvialis strain h-08942 was isolated from an infant aged 6 months who was suffering from cholera-like diarrhea in india. this strain showed the typical multidrug-resistance phenotype of an sxt element. it was resistant to sulfamethoxazole (su), trimethoprim (tm), chloramphenicol (cm) and streptomycin (sm), in addition to other antibiotics such as ampicillin (am), furazolidone (fz), nalidixic acid (na), and gentamicin (gm). the sxt element is a vibrio cholerae-derived integrative and conj ... | 2005 | 15621444 |
| bacteremic necrotizing fasciitis caused by vibrio cholerae serogroup o56 in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | bacteremic necrotizing fasciitis caused by non-o1 vibrio cholerae has rarely been reported. we describe a case of necrotizing fasciitis of the bilateral lower extremities in a 68-year-old man with liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus. cultures of blood and the debrided tissue all yielded v. cholerae serogroup non-o1 (o56). despite extensive radical debridement and antibiotic treatment with ceftazidime and doxycycline, the patient died on the 12th hospital day due to multiple organ failure. the ... | 2004 | 15624044 |
| molecular evolution of vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (vpi-2): mosaic structure among vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus natural isolates. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative rod that inhabits the aquatic environment and is the aetiological agent of cholera, a disease that is endemic in much of southern asia. the 57.3 kb vibrio pathogenicity island-2 (vpi-2) is confined predominantly to toxigenic v. cholerae o1 and o139 serogroup isolates and encodes 52 orfs (vc1758 to vc1809), which include homologues of an integrase (vc1758), a restriction modification system, a sialic acid metabolism gene cluster (vc1773-vc1783), a neuraminidase ... | 2005 | 15632448 |
| [adhesive and other properties of vibrio cholerae tcp+ ctx- isolated from environmental objects in the rostov region in 2002]. | the adhesive, hemolytic and triacylglycerol lipase activity of 4 v. cholerae ctp+ ctx- cultures, sensitive to bacteriophage ctx+, isolated from the don and sewage water were tested. all these cultures were found to induce hemolysis of sheep red blood cells in the greig test in 2 hours, possessed triacylglycerol lipase activity, but had no adhesive properties. by these parameters--atoxigenicity and the absence of adhesive properties--the isolated v. cholerae strains were characterized as avirulen ... | 2004 | 15636129 |
| biofilm formation and dispersal and the transmission of human pathogens. | several pathogenic bacterial species that are found in the environment can form complex multicellular structures on surfaces known as biofilms. pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio cholerae and certain species of nontuberculous mycobacteria are examples of human pathogens that form biofilms in natural aquatic environments. we suggest that the dynamics of biofilm formation facilitates the transmission of pathogens by providing a stable protective environment and acting as a nidus for the dissemination ... | 2005 | 15639625 |
| a cholera epidemic among the nicobarese tribe of nancowry, andaman, and nicobar, india. | cholera has not been reported from the andaman and nicobar islands in india. in october 2002, an outbreak of diarrhea occurred among the nicobarese tribe of the nancowry group of islands. the outbreak affected 16 of the 45 inhabited villages of three islands with an attack rate of 12.8% and a case fatality ratio of 1.3%. vibrio cholerae o1 el tor was isolated from 18 of the 67 patients tested. a study conducted in one of the villages indicated that the outbreak was started there by a person who ... | 2004 | 15642977 |
| crystal structure of the virulence gene activator apha from vibrio cholerae reveals it is a novel member of the winged helix transcription factor superfamily. | apha is a member of a new and largely uncharacterized family of transcriptional activators that is required for initiating virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the frequently fatal epidemic diarrheal disease cholera. apha activates transcription by an unusual mechanism that appears to involve a direct interaction with the lysr-type regulator aphb at the tcpph promoter. as a first step toward understanding the molecular basis for tcpph activation by apha and aphb, ... | 2005 | 15647287 |
| oxaloacetate decarboxylase of vibrio cholerae: purification, characterization, and expression of the genes in escherichia coli. | the oxaloacetate decarboxylase (oad) na(+) pump consists of subunits alpha, beta, and gamma, which are expressed from an oadgab gene cluster present in various anaerobic bacteria. vibrio cholerae has two copies of oad genes, which are termed oad-1 and oad-2. the oad-2 genes are part of the citrate fermentation operon, while the oad-1 genes are flanked by genes encoding products not involved in a catabolic pathway. the gene sequences of oad-1 and oad-2 of v. cholerae strain o395-n1 were determine ... | 2005 | 15647905 |
| seasonal epidemics of cholera inversely correlate with the prevalence of environmental cholera phages. | the relationship among (i) the local incidence of cholera, (ii) the prevalence in the aquatic environment of vibrio cholerae, and (iii) bacterial viruses that attack potentially virulent o1 and o139 serogroup strains of this organism (cholera phages) was studied in dhaka, bangladesh. over nearly a 3-year period, we found that significantly more environmental water samples contained either a phage or a phage-susceptible v. cholerae strain than both (p < 0.00001). the number of cholera patients va ... | 2005 | 15653771 |
| identification of the gene for the monomeric alkaline phosphatase of vibrio cholerae serogroup o1 strain. | alkaline phosphatase (apase) of vibrio cholerae is the first monomeric alkaline phosphatase reported [roy, n.k., ghosh, r.k., das, j., 1982a. monomeric alkaline phosphatase of v. cholerae. j. bacteriol. 150, 1033-1039.]. the gene (phoa(vc)) encoding this enzyme is not identified in the published genome sequence of the v. cholerae serogroup o1 el tor strain n16961 [heidelberg et al., 2000, dna sequence of both the chromosome of cholera pathogen v. cholerae. nature 406, 477-484.]. however two gene ... | 2004 | 15656991 |
| lexa cleavage is required for ctx prophage induction. | the physiologic conditions and molecular interactions that control phage production have been studied in few temperate phages. we investigated the mechanisms that regulate production of ctxphi, a temperate filamentous phage that infects vibrio cholerae and encodes cholera toxin. in ctxphi lysogens, the activity of p(rsta), the only ctxphi promoter required for ctx prophage development, is repressed by rstr, the ctxvphi repressor. we found that the v. cholerae sos response regulates ctxvphi produ ... | 2005 | 15664197 |
| in vitro anti-vibrio cholerae activity of essential oil from lepechinia caulescens. | lepechinia caulescens is a plant employed by the purepecha (a mexican ethnic group) to treat infectious gastrointestinal ailments. the essential oil of this species was active against some strains of vibrio cholerae with 4 microl/ml mic and 6 microl/ml mbc. the major components of the oil found by gc-ms were borneol, camphor and trans-caryophyllene. | 2005 | 15664471 |
| second-generation recombination-based in vivo expression technology for large-scale screening for vibrio cholerae genes induced during infection of the mouse small intestine. | we have constructed an improved recombination-based in vivo expression technology (rivet) and used it as a screening method to identify vibrio cholerae genes that are transcriptionally induced during infection of infant mice. the improvements include the introduction of modified substrate cassettes for resolvase that can be positively and negatively selected for, allowing selection of resolved strains from intestinal homogenates, and three different tnpr alleles that cover a range of translation ... | 2005 | 15664940 |
| infectious disease and environment: cholera as a paradigm for waterborne disease. | 2004 | 15666250 | |
| age-associated changes in glycosylation of cd43 and cd45 on mouse cd4 t cells. | we have recently shown that treatment of t cells from aged mice with an endopeptidase specific for o-linked glycoproteins can restore synapse formation and early activation markers to cd4 cells from aged mice. new data show that the sialidase from clostridium perfringens, but not from vibrio cholerae, can increase activation of cd4 cells from both old and young mice as measured by calcium signals, expression of cd25 and cd69, and secretion of il-2. lectin binding assays showed alterations with a ... | 2005 | 15668924 |
| identification of a domain in the alpha-subunit of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase na+ pump that accomplishes complex formation with the gamma-subunit. | the oxaloacetate decarboxylase na+ pumps oad-1 and oad-2 of vibrio cholerae are composed of a peripheral alpha-subunit associated with two integral membrane-bound subunits (beta and gamma). the alpha-subunit contains the carboxyltransferase domain in its n-terminal portion and the biotin-binding domain in its c-terminal portion. the gamma-subunit plays a profound role in the assembly of the complex. it interacts with the beta-subunit through its n-terminal membrane-spanning region and with the a ... | 2005 | 15670164 |
| the nogo-66 receptor homolog ngr2 is a sialic acid-dependent receptor selective for myelin-associated glycoprotein. | the nogo-66 receptor (ngr1) is a promiscuous receptor for the myelin inhibitory proteins nogo/nogo-66, myelin-associated glycoprotein (mag), and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (omgp). ngr1, an axonal glycoprotein, is the founding member of a protein family composed of the structurally related molecules ngr1, ngr2, and ngr3. here we show that ngr2 is a novel receptor for mag and acts selectively to mediate mag inhibitory responses. mag binds ngr2 directly and with greater affinity than ngr1. ... | 2005 | 15673660 |
| influence of temperature, salinity and ph on the growth of environmental aeromonas and vibrio species isolated from mai po and the inner deep bay nature reserve ramsar site of hong kong. | four environmental bacterial isolates including aeromonas hydrophila mp-3, a. salmonicida mp-4, vibrio vulnificus mp-2 and v. cholerae mp-1 isolated from sediment and water of mai po nature reserve of hong kong were examined for their responses to temperature, ph and salinity under laboratory conditions in this study. v. cholerae mp-1 was found to resist vibriostatic agent o/129 at concentration of 10 microg/ml. in addition, bacterial growth under test conditions was measured and the results wer ... | 2005 | 15678554 |
| the crystal structure of the outer membrane protein vcec from the bacterial pathogen vibrio cholerae at 1.8 a resolution. | multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria arises in part from the activities of tripartite drug efflux pumps. in the pathogen vibrio cholerae, one such pump comprises the inner membrane proton antiporter vceb, the periplasmic adaptor vcea, and the outer membrane channel vcec. here, we report the crystal structure of vcec at 1.8 a resolution. the trimeric vcec is organized in the crystal lattice within laminar arrays that resemble membranes. a well resolved detergent molecule within this arr ... | 2005 | 15684414 |
| a collagenase-targeted multiplex pcr assay for identification of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus. | a multiplex pcr assay using three collagenase-targeted primer pairs for the species-specific detection of vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio cholerae, and vibrio parahaemolyticus was developed. the results highlight the species specificity of the three primer sets designed. because of the increasing importance of vibrio spp. in human foodborne diseases, molecular approaches for routine microbial screening and monitoring of clinical, environmental, and food samples also have become more important. the ... | 2005 | 15690817 |
| cholera in kerala. | 2005 | 15695877 | |
| cholera pattern in children of delhi. | 2005 | 15695878 | |
| bile acids induce cholera toxin expression in vibrio cholerae in a toxt-independent manner. | the production of cholera toxin (ct) during vibrio cholerae infection results in the hallmark diarrhea that characterizes the disease cholera. the transmembrane protein toxr was originally identified as a functional transcriptional activator of ctxab in a heterologous escherichia coli system. however, direct toxr activation of the ctxab promoter in v. cholerae has not been previously demonstrated. instead, a regulatory cascade has been defined in which the activators toxrs and tcpph modulate ctx ... | 2005 | 15699331 |
| complete genome sequence of vibrio fischeri: a symbiotic bacterium with pathogenic congeners. | vibrio fischeri belongs to the vibrionaceae, a large family of marine gamma-proteobacteria that includes several dozen species known to engage in a diversity of beneficial or pathogenic interactions with animal tissue. among the small number of pathogenic vibrio species that cause human diseases are vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus, the only members of the vibrionaceae that have had their genome sequences reported. nonpathogenic members of the genus vibrio, includi ... | 2005 | 15703294 |
| serum amyloid a protein binds to outer membrane protein a of gram-negative bacteria. | serum amyloid a (saa) is the major acute phase protein in man and most mammals. we observed saa binding to a surprisingly large number of gram-negative bacteria, including escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, klebsiella pneumoniae, vibrio cholerae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the binding was found to be high affinity and rapid. importantly, this binding was not inhibited by high density lipoprotein with which saa is normally complexed in serum. binding was also observed w ... | 2005 | 15705572 |
| th1-type immune response to a coccidioides immitis antigen delivered by an attenuated strain of the non-invasive enteropathogen vibrio cholerae. | the antigen-2 or proline rich antigen (ag2/pra) from coccidioides immitis, known to protect mice against experimental coccidioidomycosis, was expressed in the genetically attenuated cholera vaccine candidate vibrio cholerae 638 and its thymine auxotrophic derivative 638t. intranasal immunization of mice with strains producing ag2/pra induced serum vibriocidal antibody and ag2/pra-specific total igg responses in outbred swiss webster and inbred balb/c mice. analysis of igg subclasses showed a pre ... | 2005 | 15708313 |
| 1990s vibrio cholerae epidemic, brazil. | 2005 | 15714663 | |
| molecular typing of epidemic and nonepidemic vibrio cholerae isolates and differentiation of v. cholerae and v. mimicus isolates by pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. | to examine the utility of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis to differentiate epidemic and nonepidemic vibrio cholerae isolates as well as to differentiate v. cholerae and vibrio mimicus isolates. | 2005 | 15715856 |
| comparative study of class 1 integron and vibrio cholerae superintegron integrase activities. | superintegrons (sis) and multiresistant integrons (mris) have two main structural differences: (i) the si platform is sedentary, while the mri platform is commonly associated with mobile dna elements and (ii) the recombination sites (attc) of si gene cassette clusters are highly homogeneous, while those of mri cassette arrays are highly variable in length and sequence. in order to determine if the latter difference was correlated with a dissimilarity in the recombination activities, we conducted ... | 2005 | 15716446 |
| toxin-antitoxin loci are highly abundant in free-living but lost from host-associated prokaryotes. | prokaryotic chromosomes code for toxin-antitoxin (ta) loci, often in multiple copies. in e.coli, experimental evidence indicates that ta loci are stress-response elements that help cells survive unfavorable growth conditions. the first gene in a ta operon codes for an antitoxin that combines with and neutralizes a regulatory 'toxin', encoded by the second gene. rele and mazf toxins are regulators of translation that cleave mrna and function, in interplay with tmrna, in quality control of gene ex ... | 2005 | 15718296 |
| genomic characterization of non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae reveals genes for a type iii secretion system. | non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae can cause gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections, but, unlike o1 and o139 strains of v. cholerae, little is known about the virulence gene content of non-o1, non-o139 strains and their phylogenetic relationship to other pathogenic v. cholerae. comparative genomic microarray analysis of four pathogenic non-o1, non-o139 strains indicates that these strains are quite divergent from o1 and o139 strains. genomic sequence analysis of a non-o1, non-o139 strain ( ... | 2005 | 15728357 |
| effectiveness of mass oral cholera vaccination in beira, mozambique. | new-generation, orally administered cholera vaccines offer the promise of improved control of cholera in sub-saharan africa. however, the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in many cholera-affected african populations has raised doubts about the level of protection possible with vaccination. we evaluated a mass immunization program with recombinant cholera-toxin b subunit, killed whole-cell (rbs-wc) oral cholera vaccine in beira, mozambique, a city where the seroprev ... | 2005 | 15728808 |
| disaster, water, cholera, vaccines, and hope. | 2005 | 15728816 | |
| a six-year study on vibrio cholerae in southeastern iran. | cholera continues to be an important public health problem among many poorer communities. in order to determine the epidemiology of vibrio cholerae in southeastern iran, 3,594 patients with watery diarrhea, who were referred to the hospitals from zabol city and 45 neighboring rural populations of sistan-blouchestan province, were investigated over a period of 6 years (1997 - 2002). v. cholerae strains were isolated from 362 samples (10.07%). isolation of v. cholerae in this sample decreased from ... | 2005 | 15728982 |
| mucosal adjuvant properties of mutant lt-iia and lt-iib enterotoxins that exhibit altered ganglioside-binding activities. | lt-iia and lt-iib, the type ii heat-labile enterotoxins of escherichia coli, are closely related in structure and function to cholera toxin and lt-i, the type i heat-labile enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and e. coli, respectively. recent studies from our group demonstrated that lt-iia and lt-iib are potent systemic and mucosal adjuvants. to determine whether binding of lt-iia and lt-iib to their specific ganglioside receptors is essential for adjuvant activity, lt-iia and lt-iib enterotoxins we ... | 2005 | 15731030 |
| a vibrio vulnificus type iv pilin contributes to biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells, and virulence. | vibrio vulnificus expresses a multitude of cell-associated and secreted factors that potentially contribute to pathogenicity, although the specific roles of most of these factors have been difficult to define. previously we have shown that a mutation in pild (originally designated vvpd), which encodes a type iv prepilin peptidase/n-methyltransferase, abolishes expression of surface pili, suggesting that they belong to the type iv class. in addition, a pild mutant exhibits reduced adherence to he ... | 2005 | 15731039 |
| structural basis for the function of stringent starvation protein a as a transcription factor. | stringent starvation protein a (sspa) of escherichia coli is an rna polymerase-associated transcriptional activator for the lytic development of phage p1 and is essential for stationary phase-induced acid tolerance of e. coli. we report the crystal structure of yersinia pestis sspa, which is 83% identical to e. coli sspa in amino acid sequence and is functionally complementary in supporting the lytic growth of phage p1 and acid resistance of an e. coli sspa mutant. the structure reveals that ssp ... | 2005 | 15735307 |
| genomic relatedness of the new matlab variants of vibrio cholerae o1 to the classical and el tor biotypes as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | the genomes of the recently described matlab variants of vibrio cholerae o1 that are hybrids between classical and el tor biotypes were compared with those of el tor and classical biotypes by the use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. dendrograms constructed using the unweighted-pair group method using average linkages generated from noti restriction patterns of whole-chromosomal dna grouped these strains into two major clusters that were found to be similar but not identical to those of eithe ... | 2005 | 15750117 |
| sugars inhibit expression of the rugose phenotype of vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae can shift to a rugose colony phenotype, reflecting expression of an exopolysaccharide that provides protection against a variety of environmental stresses. our data indicate that expression of the rugose phenotype is inhibited by a variety of sugars, including sucrose, dextrose, arabinose, fructose, and maltose. inhibition by sucrose may be one factor in explaining the failure of rugose strains to grow on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar, the primary selective medium f ... | 2005 | 15750123 |
| resurgence of vibrio cholerae o139 in rohtak. | 2005 | 15756047 | |
| co-expression and immunity of legionella pneumophila mip gene and immunoadjuvant ctxb gene. | the mip gene of legionella pneumophila and the ctxb gene of vibrio cholerae were amplified by pcr respectively. the amplified cdna was ligated to the pcdna3.1(+) vector. the recombinant plasmids pcdna3.1-mip and pcdna3.1-ctxb were identified by restriction analysis and pcr, and further confirmed by sequencing analysis. nih3t3 cells were transfected with pcdna3.1-mip and pcdna3.1-ctxb according to the lipofection method. transient and stable products of the co-expression of the mip gene and ctxb ... | 2005 | 15756423 |
| vibrio cholerae sxt element, laos. | 2005 | 15759340 | |
| mixed diarrhoeal infection caused by vibrio cholerae and several other enteric pathogens in a 4-year-old child returning to germany from pakistan. | we report a mixed enteric infection in a 4-y-old child who returned from pakistan with fever, vomiting and profuse diarrhoea leading to severe dehydration. vibrio cholerae o1, salmonella paratyphi a and campylobacter coli were cultured from stool. furthermore, giardia lamblia antigen and hepatitis a rna were detected. this is the first paediatric cholera case seen in frankfurt/main. | 2005 | 15764195 |
| vibrio cholerae persistence in aquatic environments and colonization of intestinal cells: involvement of a common adhesion mechanism. | forty-one tnpho a mutants of vibrio cholerae o1 classical strain cd81 were analyzed for their ability to interact with chitin particles, tigriopus fulvus copepods and the intestine 407 cell line compared to the parent strain. thirteen mutants were less adhesive than cd81; in particular, t21, t33 and t87 were less adhesive towards all substrates and insensitive to inhibition by n-acetyl glucosamine (glcnac). by sds-page analysis of sarkosyl-insoluble membrane proteins (simps) isolated from mutant ... | 2005 | 15766778 |
| construction and characterization of a thya mutant derived from cholera vaccine candidate iem101. | a naturally cholera toxin gene negative vibrio cholerae (o1, el tor, ogawa) strain, named iem101, was isolated in china. the human volunteer tests showed that this strain was safe, able to colonize the intestinal mucosa, and able to induce a strong immune response. also other studies indicated that it was an efficient live vector to deliver heterologous antigens. in this article, a thymidylate synthase gene (thya)-defined mutant was constructed using homologous recombination. except for the morp ... | 2005 | 15767696 |
| [analysis of components of vibriophage vp4 receptor of vibrio cholerae ]. | 2004 | 15769380 | |
| [comparative genomic analysis of vibrio cholerae el tor preseventh and seventh pandemic strains isolated in various periods]. | genetic organization of 52 vibrio cholerae el tor biotype preseventh and seventh pandemic strains isolated in various periods was studied by pcr assay and dna-dna hybridization. it was established that the genome of most ancient of analyzed strains isolated from a diarrhea patient in 1910 was devoid of ctx and rs1 prophages, vibrio pathogenicity islands (vpi and vpi-2), and pandemic islands (vsp-1 and vsp-2) that contain key virulence genes. the appearance of pathogenic properties in cholera vib ... | 2005 | 15771251 |
| [comparative analysis of the major protective antigens production in vibrio cholerae recombinant and producer strains of the classical biovar]. | the comparative study of 4 constructed protective antigen producing strains of the classical biovar and v. cholerae strains 569 b inaba and m41 ogawa, used in manufacturing the cholera chemical vaccine "cholerogen-toxoid", was carried out. the study revealed that v. cholerae plasmid strains 2414 ogawa, 2415 inaba and nonplasmid strains 2416 ogawa, 2417 inaba had a higher level of production of the main protective antrigens in comparison with producer strains. they also synthesized much more (4-5 ... | 2005 | 15773401 |
| identification of a tcpc-tcpq outer membrane complex involved in the biogenesis of the toxin-coregulated pilus of vibrio cholerae. | the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae and the soluble tcpf protein that is secreted via the tcp biogenesis apparatus are essential for intestinal colonization. the tcp biogenesis apparatus is composed of at least nine proteins but is largely uncharacterized. tcpc is an outer membrane lipoprotein required for tcp biogenesis that is a member of the secretin protein superfamily. in the present study, analysis of tcpc in a series of strains deficient in each of the tcp biogenesis prot ... | 2005 | 15774863 |
| virulence factors of non-o1 non-o139 vibrio cholerae isolated in córdoba, argentina. | v. cholerae non-o1 non-o139 serogroups isolated from clinical and environmental sources in córdoba, argentina, were analyzed for the presence and expression of virulence genes. most of the strains studied contained the genes toxr and hlya, but lacked ctxa, zot, ace, tcpa and stn. the culture supernatants were tested for hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. the enterotoxic potential of the strains was studied in a rabbit ileal loop assay and their genetic profiles were compared by pfge. the environm ... | 2004 | 15786867 |
| [toxins of vibrio cholerae]. | surveyed in the paper are published data on properties, biological activity, genetic determinants and action mechanisms of recently known toxins produced by different strains of vibrio cholerae irrespectively of their capacity for the synthesis of choleric toxin--the main virulence factor. their possible importance both for the general clinical pattern of cholera provoked by cholerogenic agents and as independent virulence factors causing diarrhea without cholera is elucidated. the sets and leve ... | 2005 | 15790027 |
| [cloning and expression of vibrio cholerae zonula occludens toxin (zot) gene in escherichia coli]. | two recombinant plasmids containing the cloned pcr-amplifled vibrio cholerae zonula occludens toxin (zot) gene was constructed in orientation providing its transcription from lac-promoter. one of them contained also its own zot promoter. the third plasmid was obtained by subcloning a vibrio cholerae dna fragment including intact zot and ace (accessory cholera enterotoxin) genes. the expression levels of the cloned genes in escherichia coli varied depending on a promoter type, host strain and cul ... | 2005 | 15790030 |
| the sodium cycle in vibrio cholerae: riddles in the dark. | twenty years ago, v. p. skulachev put forward the revolutionary concept of the chemiosmotic sodium cycle which is an integral of the paradigm of modern bioenergetics. this fundamental concept stimulated studies in many areas and yielded plenty of sometimes quite unexpected (and thus most valuable) discoveries. in particular, variations of the sodium cycle have been found in a surprisingly large number of pathogenic microorganisms, raising the question about the possible link of sodium energetics ... | 2005 | 15807652 |
| new drug targets for cholera therapy. | intestinal infection with vibrio cholerae results in secretory diarrhea with potentially massive fluid losses and volume depletion. morbidity and mortality associated with cholera remain a major problem in the developing world despite the success of oral rehydration therapy. new research aiming to inhibit cholera toxin binding to receptors in the intestine provides an attractive strategy for cholera therapy. together with anti-secretory agents, including inhibitors of enkephalinase and of the cy ... | 2005 | 15808339 |
| uptake of escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae non-o1 and enterococcus durans by, and depuration of mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis). | the uptakes of escherichia coli, vibrio cholerae non-o1 and enterococcus durans by mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) and the times for depuration were investigated in order to determine the most useful indicator of vibrio contamination. the mussels were maintained in tanks of static seawater contaminated with bacteria at 5 log10 cfu/ml for bioaccumulation. depuration was carried out by circulating fresh seawater through the tanks. each organism was presented alone and with others to mussels, a ... | 2005 | 15808362 |
| antidiarrheal effects of l-histidine-supplemented rice-based oral rehydration solution in the treatment of male adults with severe cholera in bangladesh: a double-blind, randomized trial. | because of the antisecretory potential of l-histidine in the intestinal tract, its antidiarrheal effects were determined in cholera. | 2005 | 15809910 |
| adult non-biting midges: possible windborne carriers of vibrio cholerae non-o1 non-o139. | vibrio cholerae is a waterborne bacterium native to the aquatic environment. there are over 200 known serogroups yet only two cause cholera pandemics in humans. direct contact of human sewage with drinking water, sea-born currents and marine transportation, represent modes of dissemination of the bacteria and thus the disease. the simultaneous cholera outbreaks that occur sometimes in distant localities within continental landmasses are puzzling. here we present evidence that flying, non-biting ... | 2005 | 15816934 |
| physicochemical characterization of vibriophage n5. | phage n5 is one of the phages of vibrio cholerae serovar o1 biotype el tor (ghosh, a. n., ansari, m. q., and dutta, g. c. isolation and morphological characterization of el tor cholera phages. j. gen. virol. 70: 2241-2243, 1989). in the present communication the growth curve, molecular weight and confirmation of the genome, partial denaturation map and restriction endonuclease digestion pattern have been determined. partial denaturation map indicates that the genome has non-permuted / invariant ... | 2005 | 15823199 |
| new vibrio cholerae o1 biotype eltor bacteriophages. | we report the presence of three new o1 eltor vibriophages named as1, as2 and as3, isolated from the sewage and pond waters of the outskirts of kolkata. a few phages, named as4, with hexagonal heads and abnormally long tails with typical curly projections were also found in the water samples. | 2005 | 15823200 |
| a millennium update on pediatric diarrheal illness in the developing world. | more than one billion diarrhea episodes occur every year among children younger than 5 years of age in socioeconomically developing countries causing 2 to 2.5 million deaths. more than twenty viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens are currently associated with acute diarrhea. rotavirus and diarrheagenic escherichia coli are the most common pathogens responsible for acute diarrhea episodes in children; shigella spp., salmonella spp, campylobacter jejuni/coli, vibrio cholerae, aeromonas s ... | 2005 | 15825143 |
| self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: role of host-mediated amplification of phage. | phage predation of vibrio cholerae has recently been reported to be a factor that influences seasonal epidemics of cholera in bangladesh. to understand more about this phenomenon, we studied the dynamics of the v. cholerae-phage interaction during a recent epidemic in dhaka. because the outbreak strain causing this epidemic was resistant to multiple antibiotics, including streptomycin, we used a selective medium containing streptomycin to monitor accurately the abundance of this strain in the en ... | 2005 | 15829587 |
| growth inhibition of enteric bacteria by vibrio cholerae in nutrient media containing lactate, acetate, or citrate. | in cross-streak tests on nutrient agar containing lactate, acetate, or citrate, the growth of certain enteric bacteria was inhibited by themselves or by vibrio cholerae, or by both. this mimicked the activity of bacteriocins, but the phenomenon was attributable to the accumulation of carbonate and increased alkalinity of the media. | 1974 | 15830491 |
| identification of dna markers for a transmissible pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis strain. | a number of transmissible pseudomonas aeruginosa strains have been identified which potentially constitute an emerging threat to patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). we sought to identify dna markers that were specific to a transmissible p. aeruginosa cf clone and evaluate these probes on a large collection of genotypically distinct p. aeruginosa strains. using subtractive dna hybridization, in combination with analysis using the p. aeruginosa pao1 genome chip, dna markers specific for or absent ... | 2005 | 15834046 |
| considerations for development of whole cell bacterial vaccines to prevent diarrheal diseases in children in developing countries. | enteric pathogens constitute a major pediatric threat in the developing world through their impact on morbidity and mortality, physical and cognitive development and cause and effect relationship with malnutrition. although many bacterial pathogens can cause diarrheal diseases, a group of less than 10 including shigella spp., enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), vibrio cholerae, and possibly, campylobacter jejuni account for a significant percentage of these diseases in developing countries. ... | 2005 | 15837361 |
| a glimpse into the expanded genome content of vibrio cholerae through identification of genes present in environmental strains. | vibrio cholerae has multiple survival strategies which are reflected both in its broad distribution in many aquatic environments and its high genotypic diversity. to obtain additional information regarding the content of the v. cholerae genome, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to prepare libraries of dna sequences from two southern california coastal isolates which are divergent or absent in the clinical strain v. cholerae o1 el tor n16961. more than 1,400 subtracted clones w ... | 2005 | 15838025 |
| requirements for vibrio cholerae hapr binding and transcriptional repression at the hapr promoter are distinct from those at the apha promoter. | virulence gene expression in certain strains of vibrio cholerae is regulated in response to cell density by a quorum-sensing cascade that influences the levels of the luxr homolog hapr through small regulatory rnas that control the stability of its message. at high cell density, hapr represses the expression of the gene encoding the virulence gene activator apha by binding to a site between -85 and -58 in the apha promoter. we show here that a second binding site for hapr lies within the hapr pr ... | 2005 | 15838027 |
| characterization of enhancer binding by the vibrio cholerae flagellar regulatory protein flrc. | the human pathogen vibrio cholerae is a highly motile organism by virtue of a polar flagellum, and motility has been inferred to be an important aspect of virulence. it has previously been demonstrated that the sigma(54)-dependent activator flrc is necessary for both flagellar synthesis and for enhanced intestinal colonization. in order to characterize flrc binding, we analyzed two flrc-dependent promoters, the highly transcribed flaa promoter and the weakly transcribed flgk promoter, utilizing ... | 2005 | 15838043 |
| analysis of the pilu gene for the prepilin peptidase involved in the biogenesis of type iv pili encoded by plasmid r64. | in many type iv pili, the n-terminal amino acid of the pilin subunit is n-methylated phenylalanine. a prepilin peptidase removes the leader peptide from the precursor and methylates the amino group of the newly formed phenylalanine. pils, the precursor of the pilin encoded by plasmid r64, is processed by the prepilin peptidase pilu, but the n-terminal amino acid of the mature pilin is a non-methylated tryptophan that is otherwise modified. to study the relationship between the structure and func ... | 2005 | 15838638 |
| interactions between mytilus haemocytes and different strains of escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae o1 el tor: role of kinase-mediated signalling. | marine bivalves accumulate large amounts of bacteria from the environment (mainly vibrionaceae and coliforms). although persistence of different bacteria in bivalve tissues largely depends on their sensitivity to the bactericidal activity of circulating haemocytes and haemolymph soluble factors, the mechanisms involved in bacteria-host cell interactions in these invertebrates are largely unknown. in the mussel mytilus, differences in interactions between haemocytes and different escherichia coli ... | 2005 | 15839896 |
| the x-ray structure of the type ii secretion system complex formed by the n-terminal domain of epse and the cytoplasmic domain of epsl of vibrio cholerae. | gram-negative bacteria use type ii secretion systems for the transport of virulence factors and hydrolytic enzymes through the outer membrane. these sophisticated multi-protein complexes reach from the pore in the outer membrane via the pseudopilins in the periplasm and a multi-protein inner-membrane sub-complex, to an atpase in the cytoplasm. the human pathogen vibrio cholerae uses such a secretion machinery, called the eps-system, for the export of its major virulence factor cholera toxin into ... | 2005 | 15843017 |
| differential binding of escherichia coli enterotoxins lt-iia and lt-iib and of cholera toxin elicits differences in apoptosis, proliferation, and activation of lymphoid cells. | cholera toxin (ct), lt-iia, and lt-iib are potent adjuvants which induce distinct t-helper (th)-cell cytokine profiles and immunoglobulin g (igg) subclass and iga antibody responses. to determine if the distinct immune regulatory effects observed for lt-iia, lt-iib, and ct are elicited by binding of the enterotoxins to their cognate ganglioside receptors, the lineages of lymphoid cells that interact with the three enterotoxins and their effects on various lymphocyte responses in vitro were evalu ... | 2005 | 15845474 |
| differential induction of the toll-like receptor 4-myd88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways by endotoxins. | the biological response to endotoxin mediated through the toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)-md-2 receptor complex is directly related to lipid a structure or configuration. endotoxin structure may also influence activation of the myd88-dependent and -independent signaling pathways of tlr4. to address this possibility, human macrophage-like cell lines (thp-1, u937, and mm6) or murine macrophage raw 264.7 cells were stimulated with picomolar concentrations of highly purified endotoxins. harvested supern ... | 2005 | 15845500 |
| the vaccine candidate vibrio cholerae 638 is protective against cholera in healthy volunteers. | vibrio cholerae 638 is a living candidate cholera vaccine strain attenuated by deletion of the ctxphi prophage from c7258 (o1, el tor ogawa) and by insertion of the clostridium thermocellum endoglucanase a gene into the hemagglutinin/protease coding sequence. this vaccine candidate was previously found to be well tolerated and immunogenic in volunteers. this article reports a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted to test short-term protection conferred by 638 against subse ... | 2005 | 15845509 |
| activation of both acfa and acfd transcription by vibrio cholerae toxt requires binding to two centrally located dna sites in an inverted repeat conformation. | the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholerae is the infectious agent responsible for the disease asiatic cholera. the genes required for v. cholerae virulence, such as those encoding the cholera toxin (ct) and toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), are controlled by a cascade of transcriptional activators. ultimately, the direct transcriptional activator of the majority of v. cholerae virulence genes is the arac/xyls family member toxt protein, the expression of which is activated by the toxr and tcpp pr ... | 2005 | 15853890 |
| [the use of liposomes for detection of the surface lipopolysaccharide antigen, vibrio cholerae cells, and antibodies against them]. | a test system for determination of vibrio cholerae cells, surface o-antigen, and antibodies against them was developed on the basis of complement-dependent lysis of liposomes sensitized by the lipopolysaccharide-dependent antigen from vibrio cholerae 569b. the factors that affect the function of the liposomal reagent were studied, and the conditions for detecting antibodies and antigenic material were optimized. this system is highly specific and sensitive to be used for the determination of ant ... | 2005 | 15859469 |
| [research on detection of vibrio comma and vibro parahaemolyticus from foodstuffs using mpcr methods]. | to establish a set of multi-pcr (mpcr) methods to detect vibrio comma o1 serogroup (evc) and o139 serogroup, and vibrio parahaemolyticus rapidly and sensitively from foodstuffs. | 2005 | 15862042 |
| use of conformationally restricted pyridinium alpha-d-n-acetylneuraminides to probe specificity in bacterial and viral sialidases. | investigations into subtle changes in the catalytic activity of sialidases have been performed using enzymes from several different origins, and their results have been compared. this work highlights the potential pitfalls encountered when extending conclusions derived from mechanistic studies on a single enzyme even to those with high-sequence homology. specifically, a panel of 5 pyridinium n-acetylneuraminides were used as substrates in a study that revealed subtle differences in the catalytic ... | 2005 | 15864320 |
| virulence and the environment: a novel role for vibrio cholerae toxin-coregulated pili in biofilm formation on chitin. | the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae is required for intestinal colonization and cholera toxin acquisition. here we report that tcp mediates bacterial interactions required for biofilm differentiation on chitinaceous surfaces. we also show that undifferentiated tcp- biofilms have reduced ecological fitness and, thus, that chitin colonization may represent an ecological setting outside the host in which selection for a host colonization factor may take place. | 2005 | 15866944 |
| a vertebrate-type ferredoxin domain in the na+-translocating nadh dehydrogenase from vibrio cholerae. | the na(+)-translocating nadh:quinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae contains a single fe-s cluster localized in subunit nqrf. here we study the electronic properties of the fe-s center in a truncated version of the nqrf subunit comprising only its ferredoxin-like fe-s domain. mössbauer spectroscopy of the fe-s domain in the oxidized state is consistent with a binuclear fe-s cluster with tetrahedral sulfur coordination by the cysteine residues cys(70), cys(76), cys(79), and cys(111). importa ... | 2005 | 15870079 |
| sta and cgmp stimulate cftr translocation to the surface of villus enterocytes in rat jejunum and is regulated by protein kinase g. | the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) is critical to camp- and cgmp-activated intestinal anion secretion and the pathogenesis of secretory diarrhea. enterotoxins released by vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin) and escherichia coli (heat stable enterotoxin, or sta) activate intracellular camp and cgmp and signal cftr on the apical plasma membrane of small intestinal enterocytes to elicit chloride and fluid secretion. camp activates pka, whereas cgmp signals a cgmp-dependent p ... | 2005 | 15872007 |
| antibacterial potential from indian suregada angustifolia. | phytochemical analysis of the leaves from indian suregada angustifolia (baill. ex muell. arg.) airy shaw (euphorbiaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of six known compounds, viz. friedelin, epi-friedelinol, n-octacosanol, alpha-amyrin, beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol-3-beta-d-glucopyranoside. aqueous (room temperature, boiled and autoclaved) and various solvent (methanol, chloroform and hexane) extracts of leaves were tested against 12 human pathogenic bacteria by the agar we ... | 2005 | 15878247 |
| divided genomes: negotiating the cell cycle in prokaryotes with multiple chromosomes. | historically, the prokaryotic genome was assumed to consist of a single circular replicon. however, as more microbial genome sequencing projects are completed, it is becoming clear that multipartite genomes comprised of more than one chromosome are not unusual among prokaryotes. chromosomes are distinguished from plasmids by the presence of essential genes as well as characteristic cell cycle-linked replication kinetics; unlike plasmids, chromosomes initiate replication once per cell cycle. the ... | 2005 | 15882408 |
| in vivo induced clpb1 gene of vibrio cholerae is involved in different stress responses and affects in vivo cholera toxin production. | previously in global transcription profile approach one of the cosmid clones of vibrio cholerae containing the genes pnuc, icmf, and a fragment of clpb2 showed higher expression in v. cholerae grown inside rabbit intestine. in the present report, both the stress responsive clpb genes of v. cholerae o395 were cloned, clpb1 from chromosome i and clpb2 present in chromosome ii. from the northern blot hybridization it was observed that the level of transcription of clpb2 was very low which could be ... | 2005 | 15883026 |
| diversity of vibrio cholerae strains isolated in delhi, india, during 1992-2000. | the national institute of communicable diseases (nicd), delhi, india, conducts a laboratory-based surveillance of cholera cases referred from the infectious disease hospital, delhi. the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibilities of vibrio cholerae o1, o139, and others, isolated from cholera patients for nine years, were analyzed to determine the changing trends in their isolation and drug-resistance patterns. in total, 29,196 stool samples or rectal swabs, collected during april 1992-december ... | 2005 | 15884751 |
| vcer regulates the vcecab drug efflux pump operon of vibrio cholerae by alternating between mutually exclusive conformations that bind either drugs or promoter dna. | vcer, a member of the tetr family of transcriptional regulators, is a repressor of the vcecab operon, which encodes a multidrug efflux pump in vibrio cholerae. vcer binds to a 28 bp inverted-repeat within the vcer-vcec intergenic region and is dissociated from this site with cccp, a pump substrate. the rate of the cccp-induced conformational change in vcer was determined by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy, revealing a highly co-operative process that occurs with a hill coefficient of appr ... | 2005 | 15890203 |
| persistence of vibrios in marine bivalves: the role of interactions with haemolymph components. | marine bivalves are widespread in coastal environments and, due to their filter-feeding habit, they can accumulate large numbers of bacteria thus acting as passive carriers of human pathogens. bivalves possess both humoral and cellular defence mechanisms that operate in a co-ordinated way to kill and eliminate infecting bacteria. vibrio species are very abundant in coastal waters and are commonly isolated from edible bivalves tissues where they can persist after depuration processes in controlle ... | 2005 | 15892695 |
| how to be moderately halophilic with broad salt tolerance: clues from the genome of chromohalobacter salexigens. | we analyzed the amino acid composition of different categories of proteins of the moderately halophilic bacterium chromohalobacter salexigens, as deduced from its genome sequence. comparison with non-halophilic representatives of the gamma-proteobacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio cholerae) shows only a slight excess of acidic residues in the cytoplasmic proteins, and no significant differences were found in the acidity of membrane-bound proteins. in contrast, a very prono ... | 2005 | 15902510 |
| antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis in castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. | the methanol (meoh) extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis, and different fractions of this extract were studied for antidiarrhoeal activity using castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, the meoh extract showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in both models. the etoac fraction (eaf) and the residual meoh fraction (rmf) exhibited similar activity using a dose of 250 mg/kg in both models. no antidiarrhoeal activity was obs ... | 2005 | 15905054 |
| bacterial cell-to-cell signaling in the gastrointestinal tract. | 2005 | 15908344 | |
| characterization of fluorescent chimeras of cholera toxin and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins produced by use of the twin arginine translocation system. | cholera toxin (ct) is an ab(5) toxin responsible for the profuse secretory diarrhea resulting from vibrio cholerae infection. ct consists of a pentameric, receptor-binding b subunit (ctb) and a monomeric a subunit (cta) that has latent enzymatic activity. in addition to its enterotoxicity, ct has potent mucosal adjuvant activity and can also function as a carrier molecule with many potential applications in cell biology. in earlier studies, the toxic cta(1) domain was replaced by several other a ... | 2005 | 15908392 |
| molecular and functional characterization of o antigen transfer in vibrio cholerae. | the majority of gram-negative bacteria transfer o antigen polysaccharides onto the lipid a-core oligosaccharide via the action of surface polymer:lipid a-core ligases (waal). here, we characterize the waal proteins of vibrio cholerae with emphasis on structural and functional characterization of o antigen transfer and core oligosaccharide recognition. we demonstrate that the activity of two distantly related o antigen ligases is dependent on the presence of n-acetylglucosamine, and substitution ... | 2005 | 15908430 |