Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| the small rna chaperone hfq and multiple small rnas control quorum sensing in vibrio harveyi and vibrio cholerae. | quorum-sensing bacteria communicate with extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. this process allows community-wide synchronization of gene expression. a screen for additional components of the vibrio harveyi and vibrio cholerae quorum-sensing circuits revealed the protein hfq. hfq mediates interactions between small, regulatory rnas (srnas) and specific messenger rna (mrna) targets. these interactions typically alter the stability of the target transcripts. we show that hfq mediates ... | 2004 | 15242645 |
| newcastle disease virus neuraminidase primes neutrophils for stimulation by galectin-3 and formyl-met-leu-phe. | human neutrophils are activated by the beta-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-3, provided that the cells are primed by in vivo extravasation or by in vitro preactivation with, for example, lps. removal of terminal sialic acid can change neutrophil functionality and responsiveness due to exposure of underlying glycoconjugate receptors or change in surface charge. here, we investigated whether such alteration of the cell surface carbohydrate composition can alter the responsiveness of the cells ... | 2004 | 15242763 |
| a new family of conditional replicating plasmids and their cognate escherichia coli host strains. | we constructed a family of conditionally replicating plasmids, the ptx1 family, which are based on the incpalpha oriv origin of replication that is dependent on the trfa-encoded protein. we constructed several escherichia coli derivatives expressing trfa from different chromosomal loci, which can be transduced by phage p1 to any e. coli strain. the ptx1 plasmids also carry the oritrp4 origin of transfer, and can be conjugated to e. coli, vibrio cholerae and likely to a broad range of bacteria fr ... | 2004 | 15249062 |
| a cholera epidemic in a rural area of northeast india. | sporadic cases of acute diarrhoea with high morbidity occur commonly in rural areas of northeast india, throughout the year. at times they take epidemic form and one such outbreak occurred with attack and case fatality rates of 11.6% and 0.8%, respectively, in october 2002, in a remote locality of assam. vibrio cholerae o1 el tor ogawa was isolated in 63% of hospitalized acute diarrhoea patients. ineffective antibacterial treatment, poor hygiene practices and bad peridomestic sanitation were the ... | 2004 | 15251406 |
| cyclic diguanylate (c-di-gmp) regulates vibrio cholerae biofilm formation. | while studying virulence gene regulation in vibrio cholerae during infection of the host small intestine, we identified viea as a two-component response regulator that contributes to activating expression of cholera toxin. here we report that viea represses transcription of vibrio exopolysaccharide synthesis (vps) genes involved in biofilm formation by a mechanism independent of its phosphorelay and dna-binding activities. viea controls the intracellular concentration of the cyclic nucleotide se ... | 2004 | 15255898 |
| vibrio cholerae biofilms: stuck between a rock and a hard place. | 2004 | 15262913 | |
| the sodium-driven flagellar motor controls exopolysaccharide expression in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae causes the life-threatening diarrheal disease cholera. this organism persists in aquatic environments in areas of endemicity, and it is believed that the ability of the bacteria to form biofilms in the environment contributes to their persistence. expression of an exopolysaccharide (eps), encoded by two vps gene clusters, is essential for biofilm formation and causes a rugose colonial phenotype. we previously reported that the lack of a flagellum induces v. cholerae eps expressio ... | 2004 | 15262923 |
| the ompu paralogue vca1008 is required for virulence of vibrio cholerae. | we made single and combined mutations in ompu, ompt, and the two putative porin genes vca1008 and vc0972. the fitness of the strains was tested in vitro and in the infant mouse model of intestinal infection. we also studied the transcriptional induction of vca1008 in vitro and during mouse infection. we show that vca1008 is induced during infection and is necessary and sufficient (in the absence of ompu, ompt, and vc0972) for infection. | 2004 | 15262955 |
| the major subunit of the toxin-coregulated pilus tcpa induces mucosal and systemic immunoglobulin a immune responses in patients with cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o1 and o139. | diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae is known to give long-lasting protection against subsequent life-threatening illness. the serum vibriocidal antibody response has been well studied and has been shown to correlate with protection. however, this systemic antibody response may be a surrogate marker for mucosal immune responses to key colonization factors of this organism, such as the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) and other factors. information regarding immune responses to tcp, particularly mucos ... | 2004 | 15271902 |
| antimicrobial use in children under five years with diarrhea in a central region province, thailand. | this cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing for treating childhood diarrhea within the public hospital system in a central region province, thailand. reported are findings of a prospective clinical audit of 424 cases treated by 38 physicians. appropriate use of antimicrobials was defined as prescribing antimicrobials for managing an invasive bacterial-type, bloody diarrhea or not prescribing antimicrobials for managing a watery-type or non ... | 2004 | 15272767 |
| application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections. | a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ... | 2004 | 15279944 |
| nhaa of escherichia coli, as a model of a ph-regulated na+/h+antiporter. | na(+)/h(+) antiporters are ubiquitous membrane proteins that are involved in homeostasis of h(+) and na(+) throughout the biological kingdom. corroborating their role in ph homeostasis, many of the na(+)/h(+) antiporter proteins are regulated directly by ph. the ph regulation of nhaa, the escherichia coli na(+)/h(+) antiporter (ecnhaa), as of other, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic na(+)/h(+) antiporters, involves a ph sensor and conformational changes in different parts of the protein that trans ... | 2004 | 15282168 |
| spectroscopic characterization of the soluble guanylate cyclase-like heme domains from vibrio cholerae and thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis. | soluble guanylate cyclase (sgc) is a nitric oxide- (no-) sensing hemoprotein that has been found in eukaryotes from drosophila to humans. prokaryotic proteins with significant homology to the heme domain of sgc have recently been identified through genomic analysis. characterization of two of these proteins is reported here. the first is a 181 amino acid protein cloned from vibrio cholerae (vca0720) that is encoded in a histidine kinase-containing operon. the ferrous unligated form of vca0720 is ... | 2004 | 15287748 |
| role of nitric oxide in nag-st induced store-operated calcium entry in rat intestinal epithelial cells. | this study was undertaken to find out the mechanism of non-agglutinable vibrio cholerae heat-stable enterotoxin (nag-st)-induced calcium influx across the plasma membrane. adriamycin, an inhibitor of ip3-specific 3-kinase, could not inhibit nag-st-induced calcium influx in rat intestinal epithelial cells, which suggested that inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (ip4) had no role in nag-st-induced calcium influx. nag-st increased intracellular nitric oxide level of rat enterocytes as measured by a ... | 2004 | 15297024 |
| characteristics of vibrio cholerae proteinases: potential, candidate vaccine antigens. | vibrio cholerae extracellular proteinases (proteases) have been studied as potential candidate antigens for acellular cholera vaccines. proteinases from v. cholerae nctc 10732 were prepared from batch culture either by ammonium sulphate precipitation and g100 sephadex gel filtration or by isoelectric focusing (ief). proteinase activity was at a maximum level after 24 h, coincident with the late exponential phase and early stationary phase. three major ief peaks of activity were resolved with spe ... | 2004 | 15297052 |
| functional analysis of the alpha-defensin disulfide array in mouse cryptdin-4. | the alpha-defensin antimicrobial peptide family is defined by a unique tridisulfide array. to test whether this invariant structural feature determines alpha-defensin bactericidal activity, mouse cryptdin-4 (crp4) tertiary structure was disrupted by pairs of site-directed ala for cys substitutions. in a series of crp4 disulfide variants whose cysteine connectivities were confirmed using nmr spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, mutagenesis did not induce loss of function. to the contrary, the in v ... | 2004 | 15297466 |
| antimicrobial resistance in selected bacterial enteropathogens in north india. | the resistance of enteropathogenic bacteria to commonly prescribed antibiotics is increasing both in developing as well as in developed countries. resistance has emerged even to newer, more potent antimicrobial agents. the present study was therefore undertaken to report the current antibiotic resistance in common bacterial enteropathogens isolated in a tertiary care hospital in north india. | 2004 | 15299231 |
| a three-dimensional model for the substrate binding domain of the multidrug atp binding cassette transporter lmra. | multidrug resistance presents a major obstacle to the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. lmra, a bacterial atp-dependent multidrug transporter, mediates efflux of hydrophobic cationic substrates, including antibiotics. the substrate-binding domain of lmra was identified by using photo-affinity ligands, proteolytic degradation of lmra, and identification of ligand-modified peptide fragments with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry. in the nonener ... | 2004 | 15304548 |
| drug susceptibility and its genetic basis in epidemic vibrio cholerae o1 in vietnam. | the drug susceptibility and genes responsible for the drug resistance of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated in vietnam in 1995, 2000 and 2002 were studied. the strains isolated in 1995 were resistant to streptomycin and harboured the class i integron which contained the aada1 gene responsible for streptomycin resistance. the strains isolated in 2000 were devoid of a class i integron but were multiple-drug resistant and harboured sxt constin, with several drug-resistant genes. the genes responsible for ... | 2004 | 15310160 |
| [excess mortality by diarrhea simultaneous to a cholera epidemic in northeastern brazil]. | to evaluate excess mortality due to infectious diarrhea without etiological diagnosis, occurring simultaneously to vibrio cholerae circulation. | 2004 | 15311291 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae septicemia: case report, discussion of literature, and relevance to bioterrorism. | non-o1 vibrio cholerae (novc) is a rare cause of septicemia in the united states. we report a case of novc septicemia and discuss the literature pertaining to this organism. novc takes on new significance given that it can be confused with toxigenic v. cholerae, a centers for disease control and prevention category b bioterrorism agent. | 2004 | 15313536 |
| cholera, 2003. | 2004 | 15315149 | |
| growth inhibition of enteric pathogens by zinc sulfate: an in vitro study. | to determine the inhibition effect of zinc sulfate on isolates of enteric bacteria. | 2004 | 15316263 |
| regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis in vibrio cholerae. | we have investigated the regulation of the s10 and spc ribosomal protein (r-protein) operons in vibrio cholerae. both operons are under autogenous control; they are mediated by r-proteins l4 and s8, respectively. our results suggest that escherichia coli-like strategies for regulating r-protein synthesis extend beyond the enteric members of the gamma subdivision of proteobacteria. | 2004 | 15317799 |
| identification of operators and promoters that control sxt conjugative transfer. | transfer of sxt, a vibrio cholerae-derived integrating conjugative element that encodes multiple antibiotic resistance genes, is repressed by setr, a lambda434 ci-related repressor. here we identify divergent promoters between s086 and setr that drive expression of the regulators of sxt transfer. one transcript encodes the activators of transfer, setc and setd. the second transcript codes for setr and, like the ci transcript of lambda, is leaderless. setr binds to four operators located between ... | 2004 | 15317801 |
| inactivation of enteric microbes in water by electro-chemical oxidant from brine (nacl) and free chlorine. | oxidant solutions of mostly free chlorine can be electrochemically produced on-site from brine (nacl) solution and used to disinfect water at the household or community level. in this study electrochemical oxidant (eco) from brine and free chlorine were evaluated under laboratory conditions for inactivation of test microbes. purified suspensions of escherichia coli, the rugose strain of vibrio cholerae, clostridium perfringens spores, ms2 coliphage and cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were treated ... | 2004 | 15318500 |
| evaluation of a rapid polymerase chain reaction based identification technique for vibrio cholerae isolates. | rapid and accurate identification of waterborne pathogens, such as vibrio cholerae, in drinking-water sources is important to enable effective resource management and public health protection. phenotypic systems currently being used for the identification of vibrio cholerae isolates are time-consuming and the need exists for the development of suitable molecular techniques that can offer both fast and reliable identification. during this study, isolates identified as vibrio cholerae by means of ... | 2004 | 15318514 |
| vibrio cholerae in the environment. | the emergence of cholera has been a significant public health problem around the world and battle to completely control this deadly disease continues. prevalence of vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae) microorganisms in the environment was considered as the most important factor in this regard. soil, fresh water, sea water, aquatic plants, animals and some birds have been made target for search if they were providing reserve shelter to the causative agent during inter epidemic periods. multiple environ ... | 2004 | 15321050 |
| competitive growth advantage of nontoxigenic mutants in the stationary phase in archival cultures of pathogenic vibrio cholerae strains. | spontaneous nontoxigenic mutants of highly pathogenic vibrio cholerae o1 strains accumulate in large numbers during long-term storage of the cultures in agar stabs. in these mutants, production of the transcriptional regulator toxr was reduced due to the presence of a mutation in the ribosome-binding site immediately upstream of the toxr open reading frame. consequently, the toxr-dependent virulence regulon was turned off, with concomitant reduction in the expression of cholera toxin and toxin-c ... | 2004 | 15322049 |
| a novel recombinant multisubunit vaccine against chlamydia. | the administration of an efficacious vaccine is the most effective long-term measure to control the oculogenital infections caused by chlamydia trachomatis in humans. chlamydia genome sequencing has identified a number of potential vaccine candidates, and the current challenge is to develop an effective delivery vehicle for induction of a high level of mucosal t and complementary b cell responses. vibrio cholerae ghosts (vcg) are nontoxic, effective delivery vehicles with potent adjuvant propert ... | 2004 | 15322201 |
| elasticity of flagellar hooks. | 2004 | 15332658 | |
| [association between vibrio cholerae and zooplankton of estuaries of são marcos bay/são luis - ma, brazil]. | this study was carried from october 1997 to october 1998 with the purpose of investigating the link between the species vibrio cholerae and zooplankton in the estuaries of rivers anil and bacanga in são luis, maranhão. research of viable but non culturable forms of vibrio cholerae o1, and analyze the correlation between ph values, salinity and water temperature with the presence of bacteria in zooplankton samples. the traditional method of cultivation and fluorescent antibody technique were appl ... | 2004 | 15334265 |
| [molecular study of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated from zooplankton of são marcos bay/são luis - ma, brasil]. | the study was developed to analyze the plasmidial dna, research virulence genes and identify genetic diversity of 31 strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1 isolated from zooplankton of the bacanga and anil rivers in são luis-ma. the study of plasmidial dna showed 2 or 3 plasmids from 10 strains between 5.5 and 40 kilobasis. there was only single ribotype pattern. pcr methods did not show the genes ctxa, ace and zot, while radp-pcr identified genetic diversity in the strains, showing the potential for ... | 2004 | 15334266 |
| [discordancies between classical and api 20e microtest biochemical identification of vibrio and aeromonas strains]. | the present study reveals some discordancies of diagnosis considering vibrionaceae strains when tested by comparison with api 20e (biomerieux) system and classical biochemical reactions, aspects already mentioned in the literature by other authors. if any misidentification has not an important impact (e.g. identification of aeromonas schubertii as a. sobria), others as misidentification of aeromonas as vibrio strains or the failure to recognize vibrio strains raise major epidemiological problems ... | 2003 | 15341329 |
| [comparative study of classical and commercial microtest api galleries in the diagnosis of cholera infection]. | cholera still remains in the top of causes generating global mortality and morbidity, as revealed by the latest who reports. in 2000, on cdc/atlanta website, the cholera agent was mentioned as potential biological weapon for bioterrorism actions in 9460 publications. considering these aspects, a correct and rapid diagnosis is necessary in order to take appropriate epidemiological measures and to prevent the secondary transmission. our study evaluated the efficiency of microtest systems api20e, a ... | 2003 | 15341330 |
| cholera epidemic associated with raw vegetables--lusaka, zambia, 2003-2004. | zambia experienced widespread cholera epidemics in 1991 (13,154 cases), 1992 (11,659), and 1999 (11,327). in response to the large outbreak in 1999, the zambian ministry of health (zmoh) urged use of in-home chlorination with the locally produced solution, clorin, and the practice increased substantially clorin had been introduced in zambia in 1998 as part of the safe water system (sws), a point-of-use water disinfection and safe-water storage strategy launched by the society for family health, ... | 2004 | 15343144 |
| ozonation by-products issued from the destruction of microorganisms present in wastewaters treated for reuse. | this work demonstrates the reaction of ozone on the amino acids comprising the covering layer of resistant micro-organisms. a secondary aim was to check the byproducts generated when ozone was applied to synthetic samples (such as vibrio cholerae no 01 wfcc-449, salmonella typhi attc-6539, faecal coliforms and ascaris suum). the ozone was applied at a concentration of 18.4 mgo3/min at ph 3, for different lengths of time. in the case of bacteria, results showed that, at 8 minutes, the number was ... | 2004 | 15344790 |
| cloning and overproduction of the rpoz gene encoding an rna polymerase omega subunit from a deep-sea piezophilic shewanella violacea strain dss12. | we have cloned the rpoz gene, encoding rna polymerase omega protein, by pcr approach from the deep-sea piezophilic and psychrophilic bacterium, shewanella violacea strain dss12. the cloned gene, 285bp in length, was found to encode a protein consisting of 94 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 10,327 da. significant homology was evident comparing the rpoz protein of s. violacea with that of shewanella oneidensis (69% identity), vibrio cholerae (65% identity), escherichia coli k-12 (64% ... | 2004 | 15346766 |
| [role of iron ions in the production of hemolysin by toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae of different serogroups]. | the hemolytic activity of ctx- and ctx+ v. cholerae, serogroups eltor and o39, in a medium free of fecl3 was studied. during the cultivation in this medium, the strains of both v. cholerae serogroups proved to be capable of lysing sheep red blood cells in the graig test, irrespective of the presence of ctx genes. the cultivation of v. cholerae ctx+ strains of both serogroups under such conditions facilitated the production of hemolysin with the same spectrum of lytic activity as hemolysin produc ... | 2004 | 15346956 |
| [phenotypical analysis of heterogenic vibrio cholerae strain dacca 35 ogawa]. | the comparative analysis of the production of the main pathogenicity factors by toxigenic and non-toxigenic clones of v. cholerae natural classical strain dacca 35 ogawa has been carried out. the data obtained in this analysis indicate that the appearance of turbid colonies, not synthesing cholera toxin, is linked with the production of an exopolysaccharide layer on the outer surface of the cells, which determines their morphology. the suggestion has been made that the regulatory gene toxr contr ... | 2004 | 15346959 |
| crystallographic analysis of the pseudomonas aeruginosa strain k122-4 monomeric pilin reveals a conserved receptor-binding architecture. | adherence of pathogens to host cells is critical for the initiation of infection and is thus an attractive target for anti-infective therapeutics and vaccines. in the opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa, host-cell adherence is achieved predominantly by type iv pili. analysis of several clinical strains of p. aeruginosa reveals poor sequence conservation between pilin genes, including the residues in the receptor-binding site. interestingly, the receptor-binding sites appear to re ... | 2004 | 15350129 |
| phages and the evolution of bacterial pathogens: from genomic rearrangements to lysogenic conversion. | comparative genomics demonstrated that the chromosomes from bacteria and their viruses (bacteriophages) are coevolving. this process is most evident for bacterial pathogens where the majority contain prophages or phage remnants integrated into the bacterial dna. many prophages from bacterial pathogens encode virulence factors. two situations can be distinguished: vibrio cholerae, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, corynebacterium diphtheriae, and clostridium botulinum depend on a specific p ... | 2004 | 15353570 |
| the crystal structure of ribosomal chaperone trigger factor from vibrio cholerae. | trigger factor is a molecular chaperone that is present in all species of eubacteria. it binds to the ribosomal 50s subunit near the translation exit tunnel and is thought to be the first protein to interact with nascent polypeptides emerging from the ribosome. the chaperone has a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) activity that catalyzes the rate-limiting proline isomerization in the protein-folding process. we have determined the crystal structure of nearly full-length trigger factor ... | 2004 | 15353602 |
| the ability of two different vibrio spp. bacteriophages to infect vibrio harveyi, vibrio cholerae and vibrio mimicus. | to determine the host range of the vibrio harveyi myovirus-like bacteriophage (vhml) and the cholera toxin conversion bacteriophage (ctx phi) within a range of vibrio cholerae and v. mimicus and v. harveyi, v. cholerae and v. mimicus isolates respectively. | 2004 | 15357715 |
| cholesterol and the activity of bacterial toxins. | cholesterol may affect the activity of microbial toxins in a direct, specific way, or it may exert indirect effects because of its role in membrane fluidity, membrane line tension, and in the stabilization of rafts in the cytoplasmic membrane. the thiol-activated toxins of gram-positive bacteria, and the cytolysin of vibrio cholerae are presented as examples of specific toxin-cholesterol interaction. several mechanisms of indirect effects of cholesterol are discussed using examples such as staph ... | 2004 | 15358412 |
| reverse transcription-multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, vibrio cholerae o1, and salmonella typhi. | escherichia coli o157:h7, vibrio cholerae o1, and salmonella typhi are pathogenic bacteria that can be found in contaminated water supplies throughout the world. no currently available assays can simultaneously detect and identify all three pathogens. our aim was to develop a rapid and reliable technique for simultaneous detection of these pathogens. | 2004 | 15364889 |
| catalytically inactive condensation domain c1 is responsible for the dimerization of the vibf subunit of vibriobactin synthetase. | nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps), fatty acid synthases (fas), and polyketide synthases (pks) are multimodular enzymatic assembly lines utilized in natural product biosynthesis. the oligomeric structure of these assembly line enzymes has been a topic of interest because higher order oligomeric quaternary structural arrangements allow for alternate paths of acyl intermediate elongation and present unique challenges for the chimeric engineering of hybrid assembly lines. unlike other nrps sys ... | 2004 | 15366944 |
| transcriptional regulation of vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/protease by the cyclic amp receptor protein and rpos. | vibrio cholerae secretes a zn-dependent metalloprotease, hemagglutinin/protease (ha/protease), which is encoded by hapa and displays a broad range of potentially pathogenic activities. production of ha/protease requires transcriptional activation by the quorum-sensing regulator hapr. in this study we demonstrate that transcription of hapa is growth phase dependent and specifically activated in the deceleration and stationary growth phases. addition of glucose in these phases repressed hapa trans ... | 2004 | 15375117 |
| a naturally occurring point mutation in the 13-mer r repeat affects the oric function of the large chromosome of vibrio cholerae o1 classical biotype. | the genome of vibrio cholerae consists of two circular chromosomes of different sizes. here, a comparative analysis of the replication origins of the large chromosomes (oricivc) of classical and el torbio types of the pathogen is reported. extensive nucleotide sequence analyses revealed that the oricivc region has six dnaa boxes instead of the five found in escherichia coli oric. the additional dnaa box, designated rv, was unique in v. cholerae as well as in other members of the family vibrionac ... | 2004 | 15375645 |
| proteome comparison of vibrio cholerae cultured in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. | the pathogen vibrio cholerae causes severe diarrheal disease in humans. this environmental inhabitant has two distinct life cycles, in the environment and in the human small intestine, in which it differs in its multiplication behavior and virulence expression. anaerobiosis, limitation of some nutrient elements, and excess burden from host metabolism reactants are the major stresses for v. cholerae living in intestine, in comparison to conditions in the environment and laboratory medium. for an ... | 2004 | 15378743 |
| mutagenesis study of the 2fe-2s center and the fad binding site of the na(+)-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from vibrio cholerae. | many marine and pathogenic bacteria have a unique sodium-translocating nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (na(+)-nqr), which generates an electrochemical na(+) gradient during aerobic respiration. na(+)-nqr consists of six subunits (nqra-f) and contains five known redox cofactors: two covalently bound fmns, one noncovalently bound fad, one riboflavin, and one 2fe-2s center. a stable neutral flavin-semiquinone radical is observed in the air-oxidized enzyme, while the nadh- or dithionite-reduced enzym ... | 2004 | 15379571 |
| evaluation of a new water treatment for point-of-use household applications to remove microorganisms and arsenic from drinking water. | contamination of drinking water by microorganisms and arsenic represents a major human health hazard in many parts of the world. an estimated 3.4 million deaths a year are attributable to waterborne diseases. arsenic poisoning from contaminated water sources is causing a major health emergency in some countries such as bangladesh where 35 to 77 million people are at risk. the world health organization (who) has recently recognized point-of-use water treatment as an effective means of reducing il ... | 2003 | 15382736 |
| a vibrio cholerae classical tcpa amino acid sequence induces protective antibody that binds an area hypothesized to be important for toxin-coregulated pilus structure. | vibrio cholerae is a gram-negative bacterium that has been associated with cholera pandemics since the early 1800s. whole-cell, killed, and live-attenuated oral cholera vaccines are in use. we and others have focused on the development of a subunit cholera vaccine that features standardized epitopes from various v. cholerae macromolecules that are known to induce protective antibody responses. tcpa protein is assembled into toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp), a type ivb pilus required for v. cholerae ... | 2004 | 15385509 |
| carb-9, a carbenicillinase encoded in the vcr region of vibrio cholerae non-o1, non-o139 belongs to a family of cassette-encoded beta-lactamases. | the gene bla(carb-9) was located in the vibrio cholerae super-integron, but in a different location relative to bla(carb-7). carb-9 (pi 5.2) conferred beta-lactam mics four to eight times lower than those conferred by carb-7, differing at ambler's positions v97i, l124f, and t228k. comparison of the genetic environments of all reported bla(carb) genes indicated that the carb enzymes constitute a family of cassette-encoded beta-lactamases. | 2004 | 15388476 |
| electrophoretic and serological properties of the non-dialyzable growth products of vibrio cholerae. | 1949 | 15400362 | |
| a note on the globular forms of vibrio cholera. | 1950 | 15415554 | |
| immuno-chemical studies on vibrio cholerae. | 1950 | 15421690 | |
| on the mucinases of vibrio comma. | 1950 | 15426123 | |
| [electron microscope research on the morphology of vibrio cholerae]. | 1950 | 15442516 | |
| the impact of deltag on the oral bioavailability of low bioavailable therapeutic agents. | low oral bioavailability continues to drive research toward identifying novel approaches to enhance drug delivery. over the past few years, emphasis on the use of absorption enhancers has been overwhelming despite their major adverse effects. zonula occludens toxin (zot) was recently established as a safe and effective absorption enhancer, reversibly opening the tight junctions for hydrophilic markers and hydrophobic drugs across the small intestine and the blood brain barrier. deltag, the biolo ... | 2005 | 15448170 |
| chemotaxis in vibrio cholerae. | the ability of motile bacteria to swim toward or away from specific environmental stimuli, such as nutrients, oxygen, or light provides cells with a survival advantage, especially under nutrient-limiting conditions. this behavior, called chemotaxis, is mediated by the bacteria changing direction by briefly reversing the direction of rotation of the flagellar motors. a sophisticated signal transduction system, consisting of signal transducer proteins, a histidine kinase, a response regulator, a c ... | 2004 | 15451094 |
| ultrastructural evidence of invasive activity of vibrio cholerae. | the development of experimental cholera in suckling rabbits is associated with typical cholerogenic syndrome: the presence of vibrio cholerae in the blood, bile (in 60 and 70% cases, respectively), small and large intestine (in 100% cases). simultaneously with enterocyte desquamation and increased permeability of the blood-enterocyte barrier, the vibrios are released into villous stroma and then into the microcirculatory bed. the zot toxin is involved in the mechanism of vibrio cholerae invasion ... | 2004 | 15452615 |
| effect of bile on the cell surface permeability barrier and efflux system of vibrio cholerae. | gram-negative bacteria are inherently impermeable to hydrophobic compounds, due to the synergistic activity of the permeability barrier imposed by the outer membrane and energy dependent efflux systems. the gram-negative, enteric pathogen vibrio cholerae appears to be deficient in both these activities; the outer membrane is not an effective barrier to hydrophobic permeants, presumably due to the presence of exposed phospholipids on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane, and efflux systems are ... | 2004 | 15466033 |
| three parallel quorum-sensing systems regulate gene expression in vibrio harveyi. | in a process called quorum sensing, bacteria communicate using extracellular signal molecules termed autoinducers. two parallel quorum-sensing systems have been identified in the marine bacterium vibrio harveyi. system 1 consists of the luxm-dependent autoinducer hai-1 and the hai-1 sensor, luxn. system 2 consists of the luxs-dependent autoinducer ai-2 and the ai-2 detector, luxpq. the related bacterium, vibrio cholerae, a human pathogen, possesses system 2 (luxs, ai-2, and luxpq) but does not h ... | 2004 | 15466044 |
| lipopolysaccharides of vibrio cholerae ii. genetics of biosynthesis. | an account of our up to date knowledge of the genetics of biosynthesis of vibrio cholerae lipopolysaccharide (lps) is presented in this review. while not much information is available in the literature on the genetics of biosynthesis of lipid a of v. cholerae, the available information on the characteristics and proposed functions of the corepolysaccharide (core-ps) biosynthetic genes is discussed. the genetic organizations encoding the o-antigen polysaccharides (o-ps) of v. cholerae of serogrou ... | 2004 | 15469898 |
| [antimicrobial susceptibility of no-o1 vibrio cholerae strains isolated from patients in cuba]. | 2004 | 15470516 | |
| molecular biology. rnas turn on in tandem. | 2004 | 15472064 | |
| a glycine-dependent riboswitch that uses cooperative binding to control gene expression. | we identified a previously unknown riboswitch class in bacteria that is selectively triggered by glycine. a representative of these glycine-sensing rnas from bacillus subtilis operates as a rare genetic on switch for the gcvt operon, which codes for proteins that form the glycine cleavage system. most glycine riboswitches integrate two ligand-binding domains that function cooperatively to more closely approximate a two-state genetic switch. this advanced form of riboswitch may have evolved to en ... | 2004 | 15472076 |
| evolutionary genetic analysis of the emergence of epidemic vibrio cholerae isolates on the basis of comparative nucleotide sequence analysis and multilocus virulence gene profiles. | vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, is a natural inhabitant of the aquatic ecosystem. we examined a unique collection of v. cholerae clinical and environmental isolates of widespread geographic distribution recovered over a 60-year period to determine their evolutionary genetic relationships based on analysis of two housekeeping genes, malate dehydrogenase (mdh) and a chaperonin (groel). in addition, the phylogenetic distribution of 12 regions associated with virulence was determine ... | 2004 | 15472325 |
| genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance. | vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen and the cause of cholera. since genetic variation and antibiotic resistance of strains have implications for effective treatment of the disease, we examined the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile in 92 clinical strains (serogroup o1) and 56 environmental strains (o1 antigen, 42 strains; non-o1 antigen, 14 strains) isolated in brazil between 1991 and 1999. clinical and environmental o1 strains showed greater drug resistance compared ... | 2004 | 15473163 |
| an efficient approach to n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronic acid-based sialylmimetics as potential sialidase inhibitors. | a novel approach to the synthesis of beta-glycosides of n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronic acid, in six steps and good overall yield from n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, has been developed. the key synthetic step was the lewis acid mediated o-glycosidation of methyl 1,3,4-tri-o-pivaloyl-n-acetyl-d-glucosaminuronate (11). elaboration of glucosaminuronides 15 and 18 provided novel sialylmimetics 21 and 22, which showed inhibition of vibrio cholerae sialidase. | 2004 | 15482923 |
| assessing clonality of vibrio cholerae inaba isolates by characterization of nonsense mutations in wbet. | the transferase gene wbet of six clinical isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 biotype el tor was analysed. two unique mutations were identified in the wbet gene of three inaba isolates. due to their random nature, mutations in wbet can be used to determine the clonal origin of clinical inaba isolates. | 2004 | 15496388 |
| variation of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of bangladesh and its correlation with the clinical strains. | the diversity of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of bangladesh is not known. a total of 18 environmental and 18 clinical strains of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 were isolated simultaneously from four different geographical areas and tested for variation by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method. environmental strains showed diversified profiles and one of the profiles was common to some environmental strains and most clinical strains. it appears that one clone has an advanta ... | 2004 | 15502411 |
| slaughterhouse wastewater treatment in a full-scale system with constructed wetlands. | this work evaluated the performance of a full-scale system with wetlands for slaughterhouse (abattoir) effluent treatment in the state of hidalgo, méxico. the treatment system consisted of a primary sedimentation tank, an anaerobic lagoon, and a constructed subsurface-flow wetland, in series. the wetland accounted for almost 30% of the removal of organic matter. in general, the treatment system achieved satisfactory pollutant removals, but the final effluent could not meet the mexican environmen ... | 2004 | 15508424 |
| p-glycoprotein substrate binding domains are located at the transmembrane domain/transmembrane domain interfaces: a combined photoaffinity labeling-protein homology modeling approach. | p-glycoprotein (p-gp) is an energy-dependent multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to cancer chemotherapy. characterization of the mechanism of drug transport at a molecular level represents an important prerequisite for the design of pump inhibitors, which resensitize cancer cells to standard chemotherapy. in addition, p-glycoprotein plays an important role for early absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity profiling in drug development. a set of propafenonetype subst ... | 2005 | 15509712 |
| seasonality and antimicrobial resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae in a tertiary care hospital of north india. | we retrospectively analysed the seasonal distribution of cholera and the antimicrobial resistance pattern of vibrio cholerae isolates over a 5-year period from january 1998 to december 2002. of 3213 stool specimens processed from 3213 patients with acute watery diarrhoea during this period, 431 samples (13.4%) were found positive for v. cholerae. there were 423 v. cholerae o1 biotype e1 tor, 2 v. cholerae o139 and six isolates of non-o1 non-o139. the highest number of cholera cases occurred in m ... | 2004 | 15510963 |
| seasonality and species of vibrio cholerae in karachi, pakistan. | 2004 | 15510965 | |
| smarter than the average phage. | the seventh cholera pandemic emerged in the poorer nations of the world towards the end of the 20th century and continues to kill thousands of people per year. the causative agent of cholera, the gram-negative bacterium vibrio cholera, is only pathogenic when it contains a lysogenic bacteriophage, ctxphi, that encodes the toxin responsible for inducing massive fluid loss from the human host. site-specific integration of ctxphi into chromosome i of v. cholera occurs at a site, dif, that is normal ... | 2004 | 15522071 |
| characterization of xerc- and xerd-dependent ctx phage integration in vibrio cholerae. | ctxphi is a filamentous bacteriophage that encodes cholera toxin and integrates site-specifically into the larger of the two vibrio cholerae chromosomes. the ctxphi genome lacks an integrase; instead, its integration depends on the chromosome-encoded tyrosine recombinases xerc and xerd. during integration, recombination occurs between regions of homology in ctxphi and the v. cholerae chromosome. here, we define the elements on the phage genome (attp) and bacterial chromosome (attb) required for ... | 2004 | 15522078 |
| [otitis caused by vibrio cholerae non-01/non-0139 strains acquired in germany]. | 2004 | 15526661 | |
| structural biology and structure-based inhibitor design of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin. | structural biology studies on cholera toxin and the closely related heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxigenic escherichia coli over the past decade have shed light on the mechanism of toxin action at molecular and atomic levels. also, components of the extracellular protein secretion apparatus that translocate the toxins across the outer membrane are being investigated. at the same time, structure-based design has led to various classes of compounds targeting different toxin sites, including ... | 2004 | 15532979 |
| the structure of the cytoplasmic domain of epsl, an inner membrane component of the type ii secretion system of vibrio cholerae: an unusual member of the actin-like atpase superfamily. | the type ii secretion system (t2ss) is used by several gram-negative bacteria for the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and virulence factors across the outer membrane. in these secretion systems, a complex of 12-15 so-called "gsp proteins" spans from a regulatory atpase in the cytoplasm, via several signal or energy transducing proteins in the inner membrane and the pseudopilins in the periplasm, to the actual pore in the outer membrane. the human pathogen vibrio cholerae employs such an assembly ... | 2004 | 15533433 |
| two-stage anaerobic digestion process for complete inactivation of enteric bacterial pathogens in human night soil. | anaerobic digestion offers a good alternative for human waste treatment. however, the fate of enteric bacterial pathogens present in human night soil (hns) remains a major concern for hygienic safety of the process. a two-stage anaerobic digestion process, consisting of separate acidogenic and methanogenic digesters, was designed and its efficacy in the inactivation of salmonella typhi was compared to a single-stage digestion process. in a single-stage digestion, complete pathogen inactivation w ... | 2004 | 15536996 |
| vibrio cholerae strains with mutations in an atypical type i secretion system accumulate rtx toxin intracellularly. | this study shows that the vibrio cholerae rtx toxin is secreted by a four-component type i secretion system (tiss) encoded by rtxb, rtxd, rtxe, and tolc. atp-binding site mutations in both rtxb and rtxe blocked secretion, demonstrating that this atypical tiss requires two transport atpases that may function as a heterodimer. | 2004 | 15547287 |
| [role of lectin (hlya) in the hemolytic and hemagglutinating activity of vibrio cholerae]. | data on the nature of the substance which determines the structural gene hlya in v. cholerae are presented. computer analysis and experimental data on hemolysin preparations and v. cholerae strains testify that gene hlya determines the synthesis of ricin-like galactose-specific lectin. its lectin domain takes part in the lysis of sheep (but not rabbit!) red blood cells, as well as in the hemagglutinating capacity of non-toxigenic and toxigenic v. cholerae 569 b. | 2004 | 15554305 |
| [hemolytic activity of vibrio cholerae eltor and v. cholerae o139 toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains]. | a total of 20 ctx- and 16 ctx+ v. cholerae eltor strains, 20 ctx- and 22 ctx+ v. cholerae o139 strains were under study. hemolytic activity was tested in modified greig test with sheep, guinea pig and rabbit red blood cells. the comparative study of the hemolytic properties of v. cholerae o1 and o139 under different conditions of cultivation demonstrated their capacity of lysing sheep red blood cells (srbc) irrespective of the presence of toxigenic properties. a wider spectrum of lytic activity ... | 2004 | 15554327 |
| [role of lipopolysaccharide in the action of complement on gram negative bacteria]. | in this review a short description of the methods for the activation of the complement system and data on the role of different structures of lipopolysaccharide of gram negative bacteria in this process are presented. variants of complement-induced bacteriolysis are considered. special attention is given to cholera infection and the role of vibrio cholerae o139 polysaccharide in interaction with the complement. | 2004 | 15554329 |
| a method for the purification of shiga-like toxin 1 subunit b using a commercially available galabiose-agarose resin. | we describe a procedure for the affinity purification of shiga toxin 1 subunit b (sltb) using a commercial galabiose-agarose resin. recombinant sltb was purified to 99% homogeneity in a single-step protocol, from the periplasmic extracts of vibrio cholerae 0395 n1/psbc54. sds-page of the affinity purified sltb showed one band of 8 kda mw. sltb purified by this procedure retained its chemical and biological activity as demonstrated by re-binding to the galabiose-agarose resin, and receptor-mediat ... | 2004 | 15555932 |
| molecular characterization of a human group a rotavirus isolated from an adult with severe dehydrating diarrhea and its relationship to strains concurrently circulating among children. | while group a rotavirus is widely accepted as an important etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children, this agent rarely causes severe diarrhea in adults and, thus, is not considered by physicians to be an etiological agent for such diseases. | 1994 | 15566782 |
| a fatal non-01 vibrio cholerae septicemia in a patient with liver cirrhosis. | 2004 | 15573214 | |
| detection of pathogenic vibrio spp. in shellfish by using multiplex pcr and dna microarrays. | this study describes the development of a gene-specific dna microarray coupled with multiplex pcr for the comprehensive detection of pathogenic vibrios that are natural inhabitants of warm coastal waters and shellfish. multiplex pcr with vvh and viub for vibrio vulnificus, with ompu, toxr, tcpi, and hlya for v. cholerae, and with tlh, tdh, trh, and open reading frame 8 for v. parahaemolyticus helped to ensure that total and pathogenic strains, including subtypes of the three vibrio spp., could b ... | 2004 | 15574946 |
| viable but nonculturable vibrio cholerae o1 in the aquatic environment of argentina. | in argentina, as in other countries of latin america, cholera has occurred in an epidemic pattern. vibrio cholerae o1 is native to the aquatic environment, and it occurs in both culturable and viable but nonculturable (vnc) forms, the latter during interepidemic periods. this is the first report of the presence of vnc v. cholerae o1 in the estuarine and marine waters of the rio de la plata and the argentine shelf of the atlantic ocean, respectively. employing immunofluorescence and pcr methods, ... | 2004 | 15574951 |
| dynamics and control of biofilms of the oligotrophic bacterium caulobacter crescentus. | caulobacter crescentus is an oligotrophic alpha-proteobacterium with a complex cell cycle involving sessile-stalked and piliated, flagellated swarmer cells. because the natural lifestyle of c. crescentus intrinsically involves a surface-associated, sessile state, we investigated the dynamics and control of c. crescentus biofilms developing on glass surfaces in a hydrodynamic system. in contrast to biofilms of the well-studied pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and vibrio cholerae, c. cres ... | 2004 | 15576774 |
| tcph influences virulence gene expression in vibrio cholerae by inhibiting degradation of the transcription activator tcpp. | expression of toxt, the transcription activator of cholera toxin and pilus production in vibrio cholerae, is the consequence of a complex cascade of regulatory events that culminates in activation of the toxt promoter by tcpp and toxr, two membrane-localized transcription factors. both are encoded in operons with genes whose products, tcph and toxs, which are also membrane localized, are hypothesized to control their activity. in this study we analyzed the role of tcph in controlling tcpp functi ... | 2004 | 15576780 |
| normalization of cdna microarray data using wavelet regressions. | normalization is an essential step in microarray data mining and analysis. for cdna microarray data, the primary purpose of normalization is removing the intensity-dependent bias across different slides within an experimental group or between multiple groups. the locally weighted regression (lowess) procedure has been widely used for this purpose but can be comparatively time consuming when the dataset becomes relatively large. in this study, we applied wavelet regressions, a new smoothing metho ... | 2004 | 15578940 |
| cholera, 2002. | 2003 | 15581214 | |
| vibrio cholerae (non-o1, non-o139) sepsis in a child with fanconi anemia. | a 9-year-old female child who was a known case of fanconi anemia was admitted to hospital because of fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. blood culture at the time of admission yielded growth of gram-negative curved rod that was identified as vibrio cholerae (non-o1, non-o139), whereas repeated fecal cultures were negative for enteropathogens. to our knowledge, this is the first case of v. cholerae (non-o1, non-o139) septicemia associated with fanconi anemia. | 2004 | 15582302 |
| the vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii is a 26.9 kb genomic island present in vibrio cholerae el tor and o139 serogroup isolates that shows homology to a 43.4 kb genomic island in v. vulnificus. | vibrio cholerae is the aetiological agent of the deadly diarrhoeal disease cholera. in this study the 7.5 kb vibrio seventh pandemic island-ii (vsp-ii) that is unique to v. cholerae el tor and o139 serogroups was analysed and it was found to be part of a novel 26.9 kb genomic island (gei) encompassing vc0490-vc0516. the low-gc-content vsp-ii encompassed 24 predicted orfs, including dna repair and methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, a group of hypothetical proteins and a bacteriophage-like inte ... | 2004 | 15583158 |
| diverse ctx phages among toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 strains isolated between 1994 and 2002 in an area where cholera is endemic in bangladesh. | pcr surveillance of the rstr genes of ctx phages in vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 showed no relationship between the incidence of disease and changes in the rstr but showed variations in their presence in o1 and o139 strains and the occurrence of multiple types in a few strains. | 2004 | 15583324 |
| genetics of stress adaptation and virulence in toxigenic vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the gamma-subdivision of the family proteobacteriaceae is the etiologic agent of cholera, a devastating diarrheal disease which occurs frequently as epidemics. any bacterial species encountering a broad spectrum of environments during the course of its life cycle is likely to develop complex regulatory systems and stress adaptation mechanisms to best survive in each environment encountered. toxigenic v. cholerae, which has evolved from envi ... | 2004 | 15585131 |