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a udp-glucose:monoterpenol glucosyltransferase adds to the chemical diversity of the grapevine metabolome.terpenoids represent one of the major classes of natural products and serve different biological functions. in grape (vitis vinifera), a large fraction of these compounds is present as nonvolatile terpene glycosides. we have extracted putative glycosyltransferase (gt) sequences from the grape genome database that show similarity to arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) gts whose encoded proteins glucosylate a diversity of terpenes. spatial and temporal expression levels of the potential vvgt genes ...201424784757
genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the auxin response factor gene family in vitis vinifera.our study has identified and analyzed the vvarf gene family that may be associated with the development of grape berry and other tissues. auxin response factors (arfs) are transcription factors that regulate the expression of auxin responsive genes through specific binding to auxin response elements (auxres). the arf genes are represented by a large multigene family in plants. until now, many arf families have been characterized based on genome resources. however, there is no specialized researc ...201424792421
pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, extensin and arabinogalactan-protein epitopes differentiate ripening stages in wine and table grape cell walls.cell wall changes in ripening grapes (vitis vinifera) have been shown to involve re-modelling of pectin, xyloglucan and cellulose networks. newer experimental techniques, such as molecular probes specific for cell wall epitopes, have yet to be extensively used in grape studies. limited general information is available on the cell wall properties that contribute to texture differences between wine and table grapes. this study evaluates whether profiling tools can detect cell wall changes in ripen ...201424812249
effects of uv exclusion on the physiology and phenolic composition of leaves and berries of vitis vinifera cv. graciano.ultraviolet (uv) radiation induces adaptive responses that can be used for plant production improvement. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of solar uv exclusion on the physiology and phenolic compounds of leaves and berry skins of vitis vinifera l. cv. graciano under field conditions. phenolic compounds were analyzed globally and individually in both the vacuolar fraction and, for the first time in grapevine, the cell wall-bound fraction. these different locations may represent dive ...201524820651
genetic control and evolution of anthocyanin methylation.anthocyanins are a chemically diverse class of secondary metabolites that color most flowers and fruits. they consist of three aromatic rings that can be substituted with hydroxyl, sugar, acyl, and methyl groups in a variety of patterns depending on the plant species. to understand how such chemical diversity evolved, we isolated and characterized methylation at three2 (mt2) and the two methylation at five (mf) loci from petunia spp., which direct anthocyanin methylation in petals. the proteins ...201424830298
a useful approach for the differentiation of wines according to geographical origin based on global volatile patterns.in this study, the feasibility of solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in tandem with partial least squares discriminant analysis was evaluated as a useful strategy to differentiate wines according to geographical origin (azores, canary and madeira islands) and types (white, red and fortified wine) based on their global volatile patterns. for this purpose, 34 monovarietal wines from these three wine grape-growing regions were investigated, combining the h ...201424830411
characterization of a grape class iv chitinase.a chitinase was purified from vitis vinifera manzoni bianco grape juice and characterized. on the basis of proteomic analysis of tryptic peptides, a significant match identified the enzyme as a type iv grape chitinase previously found in juices of other v. vinifera varieties. the optimal ph and temperature for activity toward colloidal chitin were found to be 6 and 30 °c, respectively. the enzyme was found to hydrolyze chitin and oligomers of n-acetylglucosamine, generating n,n'-diacetylchitobio ...201424845689
evaluation of powdery mildew-resistance of grape germplasm and rapid amplified polymorphic dna markers associated with the resistant trait in chinese wild vitis.the resistance of wild vitis germplasm, including chinese and american wild vitis and vitis vinifera cultivars, to powdery mildew (uncinula necator burr.) was evaluated for two consecutive years under natural conditions. most of the chinese and north american species displayed a resistant phenotype, whereas all of the european species were highly susceptible. the alachua and conquistador accessions of vitis rotundifolia species, which originated in north america, were immune to the disease, whil ...201424854440
origin of the pinking phenomenon of white wines.pinking is the terminology used for the salmon-red blush color that may appear in white wines produced exclusively from white grape varieties. the isolation of pinking compounds and their analysis by rp-hplc-dad and esi-ms(n) showed that the origin of the pinking phenomenon in white wines from vitis vinifera l. of sı́ria grape variety are the anthocyanins, mainly malvidin-3-o-glucoside. the analysis showed that the anthocyanins were located both in the pulp and in the skin. wine pinking severity ...201424857316
the grapevine basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) transcription factor positively modulates cbf-pathway and confers tolerance to cold-stress in arabidopsis.basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh)-type transcription factors play diverse roles in plant physiological response and stress-adaptive regulation network. here, we identified one grapevine bhlh transcription factor from a cold-tolerant accession 'heilongjiang seedling' of chinese wild vitis amurensis (vabhlh1) as a transcriptional activator involved in cold stress. we also compared with its counterpart from a cold-sensitive vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon (vvbhlh1). these two putative proteins ar ...201424859977
functional characterization of a new grapevine myb transcription factor and regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in grapes.a new regulator of proanthocyanidin (pa) biosynthesis in grapes was found by screening genes coordinately expressed with pa accumulation under different light conditions using a substantially improved method of serial analysis of gene expression (supersage). this r2r3-myb transcription factor, vvmybpar, shows high protein sequence similarity with pa biosynthesis-regulating plant mybs, such as vvmybpa2 and transparent testa2. its transcript levels were relatively high in the skins of young berrie ...201424860184
evaluation of anti-candida activity of vitis vinifera l. seed extracts obtained from wine and table cultivars.for the first time, grape seed extracts (gses), obtained from wine and table cultivars of vitis vinifera l., cultured in experimental fields of lazio and puglia regions of italy and grown in different agronomic conditions, have been tested on 43 candida species strains. we demonstrated a significant correlation between the content of the flavan-3-ols in gses extracts, with a polymerization degree ≥ 4, and anti-candida activity. moreover, we demonstrated that gses, obtained from plants cultured w ...201424864227
phytophthora niederhauserii sp. nov., a polyphagous species associated with ornamentals, fruit trees and native plants in 13 countries.a non-papillate, heterothallic phytophthora species first isolated in 2001 and subsequently from symptomatic roots, crowns and stems of 33 plant species in 25 unrelated botanical families from 13 countries is formally described here as a new species. symptoms on various hosts included crown and stem rot, chlorosis, wilting, leaf blight, cankers and gumming. this species was isolated from australia, hungary, israel, italy, japan, the netherlands, norway, south africa, spain, taiwan, turkey, the u ...201424871599
effect of shooting medium and source of material on grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) shoot tip recovery after cryopreservation.selecting experimental material at the optimal physiological stage is of paramount importance for successful cryopreservation.201424872156
the application of chitosan and benzothiadiazole in vineyard (vitis vinifera l. cv groppello gentile) changes the aromatic profile and sensory attributes of wine.this work reports the effects of resistance inducers on wine aroma compounds and sensory attributes. resistance inducers are a class of products able to elicit the plant defence mechanisms against pathogens, incurring lower toxicological risks than conventional agrochemicals. among them, chitosan (cht) and benzothiadiazole (bth) are particularly effective in stimulating the biosynthesis of bioactive phytochemicals. they were used in a two-year survey conducted to assess experimental wines obtain ...201424874376
enhanced salt-induced antioxidative responses involve a contribution of polyamine biosynthesis in grapevine plants.the possible involvement of polyamines in the salt stress adaptation was investigated in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) plantlets focusing on photosynthesis and oxidative metabolism. salt stress resulted in the deterioration of plant growth and photosynthesis, and treatment of plantlets with methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (mgbg), a s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (samdc) inhibitor, enhanced the salt stress effect. a decrease in psii quantum yield (fv/fm), effective psii quantum yield (y(ii ...201424877669
determination of abscisic acid and its glucosyl ester in embryogenic callus cultures of vitis vinifera in relation to the maturation of somatic embryos using a new liquid chromatography-elisa analysis method.the levels of abscisic acid (aba), its conjugate aba-ge, and iaa were determined in embryogenic calli of vitis vinifera l. (cv. mencía) cultured in dm1 differentiation medium, to relate them to the maturation process of somatic embryos. to achieve this goal, we developed an analytical method that included two steps of solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation by hplc, aba-ge hydrolysis, and sensitive elisa quantification. because the aba immunoassay was based on new polyclonal antibodie ...201424877677
molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from vitis bellula.anthocyanidin reductase (anr) is an nadph-/nadh-dependent enzyme that transfers two hydrides to anthocyanidins to produce three types of isomeric flavan-3-ols. this reductase forms the anr pathway toward the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (pas, which are also called condensed tannins). here, we report cloning and functional characterization of an anr (called vbanr) homolog from the leaves of vitis bellula, a newly developed grape crop in southern china. the open reading frame (orf) of vbanr i ...201424880552
flowering as the most highly sensitive period of grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv mourvèdre) to the botryosphaeria dieback agents neofusicoccum parvum and diplodia seriata infection.botryosphaeria dieback is a fungal grapevine trunk disease that currently represents a threat for viticulture worldwide because of the important economical losses due to reduced yield of affected plants and their premature death. neofusicoccum parvum and diplodia seriata are among the causal agents. vine green stems were artificially infected with n. parvum or d. seriata at the onset of three different phenological stages (g stage (separated clusters), flowering and veraison). highest mean lesio ...201424886812
optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds from different types of grape pomace produced at wineries and distilleries.natural extracts obtained from grape pomace are particularly interesting, due to the substantial variety of valuable compounds present with health benefits, specifically phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, trans-resveratrol, quercetin, and proanthocyanidins. the production of such extracts has been recognized as a profitable way to valorize grape byproducts, which are low-value and most abundant. first, the effect of the solvent on the extraction of bioactive compounds from grape pomace is ...201424891032
structural characterization of lignin from grape stalks (vitis vinifera l.).the chemical structure of lignin from grape stalks, an abundant waste of winemaking, has been studied. the dioxane lignin was isolated from extractive- and protein-free grape stalks (vitis vinifera l.) by modified acidolytic procedure and submitted to a structural analysis by wet chemistry (nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation (po)) and spectroscopic techniques. the results obtained suggest that grape stalk lignin is an hgs type with molar proportions of p-hydroxyphenyl (h), guaiacyl (g) and ...201424892733
effect of temperature on symptom expression and sequence polymorphism of grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 in grapevine.symptom expression of yellow speckle disease was studied in a row of 32 individual vitis vinifera cv. chardonnay vines in the warmer summer of 2009/2010 as compared with the cooler summer of 2011/2012 in south australia. rt-pcr analysis showed that all these vines were positive for hop stunt viroid, grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 (gysvd-1) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus. four vines named vines 1, 8, 11 and 15 were selected for further analyses. vines 1 and 8 had never s ...201424905287
recovery and fine structure variability of rgii sub-domains in wine (vitis vinifera merlot).rhamnogalacturonan ii (rgii) is a structurally complex pectic sub-domain composed of more than 12 different sugars and 20 different linkages distributed in five side chains along a homogalacturonan backbone. although rgii has long been described as highly conserved over plant evolution, recent studies have revealed variations in the structure of the polysaccharide. this study examines the fine structure variability of rgii in wine, focusing on the side chains a and b obtained after sequential mi ...201424908680
study of the effects of proline, phenylalanine, and urea foliar application to tempranillo vineyards on grape amino acid content. comparison with commercial nitrogen fertilisers.the aim of this work was to study the influence of foliar application of different nitrogen sources on grape amino acid content. the nitrogen sources applied to tempranillo grapevines were proline, phenylalanine, urea, and two commercial nitrogen fertilisers, both without and with amino acids in their formulations. all treatments were applied at veraison and one week later. proline treatment did not affect the must nitrogen composition. however, phenylalanine and urea foliar application enhanced ...201424912708
identification of new flavonols in hybrid grapes by combined liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approaches.grape flavonols are involved in the phenomenon of copigmentation in red wines. these compounds are characterised by nutraceutical properties, have antioxidant activity and are studied for chemotaxonomy of grapes. in general, hybrid grapes are characterised by presence of polyphenols often qualitatively and quantitatively different from vitis vinifera varieties. in this work, flavonols of 34 hybrid grape varieties (22 red and 12 white) produced by crossing of v. vinifera, vitis riparia, vitis lab ...201424912722
methoxypyrazine analysis and influence of viticultural and enological procedures on their levels in grapes, musts, and wines.this review discusses the factors that affect the concentrations of methoxypyrazines (mps) and the techniques used to analyze mps in grapes, musts, and wines. mps are commonly studied pyrazines in food science due to their contribution of aroma and flavor to numerous vegetables such as peas and asparagus. they are described as highly odorous compounds with a very low olfactory threshold. the grape varietals that exhibit green or herbaceous aromas that are characteristic of mps are predominantly ...201524915378
survival of the biological control agent candida sake cpa-1 on grapes under the influence of abiotic factors.as reliability of preharvest applications of biological control agents (bcas) to control fruit pathogens is highly dependent on the survival of the selected organism, this study aimed to describe the population dynamics of the yeast-bca candida sake (saito & ota) cpa-1 on grape berries under the effect of abiotic factors such as temperature, relative humidity, sunlight and rainfall.201424917056
foraging leaf-cutting ants learn to reject vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera plants that emit herbivore-induced volatiles.leaf-cutting ants (lcas) are dominant herbivores of the neotropics, as well as economically important pests. their foraging ecology and patterns/mechanisms of food selection have received considerable attention. recently, it has been documented that lcas exhibit a delayed rejection of previously accepted food plants following treatment with a fungicide that makes the plants unsuitable as substrate for their symbiotic fungus. here, we investigated whether lcas similarly reject plants with induced ...201424929941
the grapevine tonoplast aquaporin tip2;1 is a pressure gated water channel.in plants, the vacuole is a multifunctional organelle with an important role in the maintenance of the intracellular space. tonoplast membranes are highly permeable to water due to their content in aquaporins tips (tonoplast intrinsic proteins) that allow the rapid water influx creating an internal turgor pressure responsible for cell expansion, elongation and shape. the aim of the present study was to evaluate if the grapevine vitis vinifera tip2;1 would operate as a possible volume regulator g ...201424942877
tydeid and triophtydeid mites (acari: tydeoidea) associated with grapevine (vitaceae: vitis spp.) in brazil, with the descriptions of species of prelorryia (andré, 1980) and tydeus koch, 1835.we report on the tydeidae and triophtydeidae associated with grapevine (vitis labrusca l. and vitis vinifera l.) in rio grande do sul state, brazil, and describe a new species of prelorryia, prelorryia labrusca sp. nov., and two new species of tydeus, tydeus manoi sp. nov. and tydeus riopardensis sp. nov. brachytydeus formosa (cooreman), b. podocarpa (baker), neolorryia pandana (baker), tydeus californicus (banks), pretydeus henriandrei kaźmierski and triophtydeus lebruni (andré) are recorded an ...201424943444
myb14, a direct activator of sts, is associated with resveratrol content variation in berry skin in two grape cultivars.high and low resveratrol (res) contents in two cultivars are correlated with the expression abundance of myb14 , which could directly activate transcriptional expression of stilbene synthase gene ( sts ). resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is one of the natural polyphenols produced by secondary metabolism in some plants. stilbene synthase (sts) is the key enzyme for the final step of precursor formation of resveratrol (res) in grapevines. in this study, we found that res contents in ripe be ...201424948530
antitumoural activity of viniferin-enriched extracts from vitis vinifera l. cell cultures.the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of stilbenes from different cultivars of vitis vinifera on tumour proliferation. extracts were obtained from elicited v. vinifera cell cultures and characterised by hplc/dad/ms. cell growth was evaluated in four human cancer cell lines and in normal human fibroblasts. the cells were exposed to the extracts or to trans-resveratrol, used as reference molecule, for 48 h, at 1-10 μm concentrations of total stilbenoids. all the extracts exhibited antipr ...201424949881
factors influencing the aroma composition of chardonnay wines.chardonnay is one of the oldest and most widely distributed wine grape cultivars and is of commercial importance for the world's wine-producing nations. it is an extremely flexible variety that has adapted to different regions with varied weather and soil characteristics. somewhat uniquely among white wines, chardonnay lends itself to a wide variety of production styles, which can be tailored to the target market. techniques such as skin maceration, barrel and stainless steel fermentation, use o ...201424954266
investigation of phenolic acids in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera stimulated with indanoyl-isoleucine, n-linolenoyl-l-glutamine, malonyl coenzyme a and insect saliva.vitis vinifera c.v. muscat de frontignan (grape) contains various high valuable bioactive phenolic compounds with pharmaceutical properties and industrial interest which are not fully exploited. the focus of this investigation consists in testing the effects of various biological elicitors on a non-morphogenic callus suspension culture of v. vinifera. the investigated elicitors: indanoyl-isoleucine (in), n-linolenoyl-l-glutamine (lg), insect saliva (is) and malonyl coenzyme a (mcoa) were aimed a ...201224957372
characterization of flavan-3-ols and expression of myb and late pathway genes involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in foliage of vitis bellula.proanthocyanidins (pas) are fundamental nutritional metabolites in different types of grape products consumed by human beings. although the biosynthesis of pas in berry of vitis vinifera has gained intensive investigations, the understanding of pas in other vitis species is limited. in this study, we report pa formation and characterization of gene expression involved in pa biosynthesis in leaves of v. bellula, a wild edible grape species native to south and south-west china. leaves are collecte ...201324957897
beneficial insects attracted to native flowering buckwheats (eriogonum michx) in central washington.native plant and beneficial insect associations are relatively unstudied yet are important in native habitat restoration programs aimed at improving conservation biological control in perennial crops such as wine grapes. beneficial insects (predators, parasitoids, pollinators) attracted to 10 species of flowering native wild buckwheat (eriogonum spp.) in central washington were identified and counted on transparent sticky traps. combining all categories of beneficial insects, the mean number per ...201424960157
enhancement of phenolics, resveratrol and antioxidant activity by nitrogen enrichment in cell suspension culture of vitis vinifera.ammonium nitrate (nh4no3), an important nitrogen source (34% n), has been used as an elicitor to stimulate plant growth and development as well as induce secondary metabolites under controlled conditions. in the present paper, we investigated the enhancement of cell biomass, total phenolics, resveratrol levels, and antioxidant activity of vitis vinifera cv. pok dum by nitrogen enrichment (ms medium supplemented with nh4no3 at 0, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 mg/l). the highest accumulations of bi ...201424962393
effect of power ultrasound application on aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from grape pomace (vitis vinifera l.): experimental kinetics and modeling.the kinetics of both conventional (mechanical stirring, 200rpm) and acoustic (55±5khz, 435±5w/l) aqueous extraction of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity from grape pomace by-products (vitis vinifera l.) have been experimentally evaluated and modeled at different extraction temperatures (20, 35 and 50°c). a gradual and significant increase of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the extracts was observed as the temperature increased, the highest values being obtained i ...201524970116
can vessel dimension explain tolerance toward fungal vascular wilt diseases in woody plants? lessons from dutch elm disease and esca disease in grapevine.this review illuminates key findings in our understanding of grapevine xylem resistance to fungal vascular wilt diseases. grapevine (vitis spp.) vascular diseases such as esca, botryosphaeria dieback, and eutypa dieback, are caused by a set of taxonomically unrelated ascomycete fungi. fungal colonization of the vascular system leads to a decline of the plant host because of a loss of the xylem function and subsequent decrease in hydraulic conductivity. fungal vascular pathogens use different col ...201424971084
actin marker lines in grapevine reveal a gatekeeper function of guard cells.resistance to abiotic and biotic stress is a central topic for sustainable agriculture, especially in grapevine, one of the field crops with the highest economic output per acreage. as early cellular factors for plant defense, actin microfilaments (af) are of high relevance. we therefore generated a transgenic actin marker line for grapevine by expressing a fusion protein between green fluorescent protein and the second actin-binding domain of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) fimbrin, atfim1. ...201424973589
selection of autochthonous saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as wine starters using a polyphasic approach and ochratoxin a removal.over the last few years, the selection of autochthonous strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae as wine starters has been studied; however, researchers have not focused on the ability to remove ochratoxin a (ota) as a possible trait to use in oenological characterization. in this article, a polyphasic approach, including yeast genotyping, evaluation of phenotypic traits, and fermentative performance in a model system (temperature, 25 and 30°c; sugar level, 200 and 250 g liter(-1)), was proposed as a ...201424988024
a preliminary characterization of aglianico (vitis vinifera l. cv.) grape proanthocyanidins and evaluation of their reactivity towards salivary proteins.the flavan-3-ol and proanthocyanidin composition of aglianico seeds and skins were for the first time determined by hplc-ms in comparison with the international grapes merlot and cabernet sauvignon. monomers [(+)-catechin c, (-)-epicatechin ec, (-)-epicatechin-3-o-gallate, ecg] and oligomers [b1, b2, b3, b4 dimers and trimer c1] were identified and quantified in grape extracts. in order to evaluate the reactivity towards salivary proteins of model wine solutions of seeds and skins monomeric/olig ...201424996317
assessment of (poly)phenols in grape (vitis vinifera l.) stems by using food/pharma industry compatible solvents and response surface methodology.a box-behnken design of response surface methodology (rsm) was conducted to analyse the effect of time (10-30 min), temperature (25-95°c), and solvents concentration (5-90%) on the extraction of total phenolics, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols, and anthocyanins as well as to assess the abts(+) scavenging capacity, which were considered as response variables. values coefficients of determination (r(2)), ranging from 0.903 to 0.996, fitted for describing efficient extraction of bioactive (poly)phenols ...201424996343
proanthocyanidin accumulation and biosynthesis are modulated by the irrigation regime in tempranillo seeds.the main effects of three different irrigation regimes, i.e., sustained deficit irrigation (sdi), regulated deficit irrigation (rdi) and non-irrigated (ni), on seed traits namely proanthocyanidins (pas) were evaluated in the wine grape cultivar aragonez (syn. tempranillo) grown in alentejo (portugal) over two growing seasons. results showed that while the number of seeds per berry was not affected by water availability, seed fresh weight differed among treatments, the ni treatment exhibiting the ...201425000262
mitochondria change dynamics and morphology during grapevine leaf senescence.leaf senescence is the last stage of development of an organ and is aimed to its ordered disassembly and nutrient reallocation. whereas chlorophyll gradually degrades during senescence in leaves, mitochondria need to maintain active to sustain the energy demands of senescing cells. here we analysed the motility and morphology of mitochondria in different stages of senescence in leaves of grapevine (vitis vinifera), by stably expressing a gfp (green fluorescent protein) reporter targeted to these ...201425009991
[evaluation of root and bud cold hardiness of wine grape varieties based on temperature-injury relation].a system for differential thermal analysis (dta) was applied for low temperature exotherms (lte) analysis of roots and buds of eight wine grape varieties, and the temperature-injury (lt-i) regression functions of buds, phloem and xylem of roots were established to evaluate the cold hardiness of roots and buds of the different varieties. the order of phloem 50% lethal temperature of the eight grapevines was marselan > cabernet franc > cabernet sauvignon > petit manseng > chardonnay > cabernet ger ...201425011289
solar ultraviolet radiation is necessary to enhance grapevine fruit ripening transcriptional and phenolic responses.ultraviolet (uv) radiation modulates secondary metabolism in the skin of vitis vinifera l. berries, which affects the final composition of both grapes and wines. the expression of several phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related genes is regulated by uv radiation in grape berries. however, the complete portion of transcriptome and ripening processes influenced by solar uv radiation in grapes remains unknown.201425012688
antifungal activity of resveratrol derivatives against candida species.trans-resveratrol (1a) is a phytoalexin produced by plants in response to infections by pathogens. its potential activity against clinically relevant opportunistic fungal pathogens has previously been poorly investigated. evaluated herein are the candidacidal activities of oligomers (2a, 3-5) of 1a purified from vitis vinifera grape canes and several analogues (1b-1j) of 1a obtained through semisynthesis using methylation and acetylation. moreover, trans-ε-viniferin (2a), a dimer of 1a, was also ...201425014026
expression of terpene synthase genes associated with the formation of volatiles in different organs of vitis vinifera.plants produce a plethora of volatile organic compounds (vocs) which are important in determining the quality and nutraceutical properties of horticultural food products, including the taste and aroma of wine. given that some of the most prevalent grape aroma constituents are terpenoids, we investigated the possible variations in the relative expression of terpene synthase (tps) genes that depend on the organ. we thus analysed mature leaves, young leaves, stems, young stems, roots, rachis, tendr ...201425014656
protein-precipitable tannin in wines from vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrid grapes (vitis ssp.): differences in concentration, extractability, and cell wall binding.although they possess significant viticultural advantages, interspecific hybrid grapes (vitis spp.) are reported to produce wine with lower tannin concentrations than european wine varieties (vitis vinifera). however, extensive quantitative data on this phenomenon as well as mechanistic explanations for these differences are lacking. a survey of primarily commercial wines from the finger lakes american viticultural area (new york) using a protein precipitation method determined that hybrid-based ...201425017417
management practices impact vine carbohydrate status to a greater extent than vine productivity.light pruning and deficit irrigation regimes are practices which are widely used in high yielding commercial vineyards in the warm climate regions of australia. little information is available on their impacts on carbohydrate dynamics in vegetative organs within and between seasons, and on the resulting plant capacity to maintain productivity and ripen fruits. this study was conducted to address this gap in knowledge over five vintages on vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet franc, shiraz, and caberne ...201425018758
metabolic changes of vitis vinifera berries and leaves exposed to bordeaux mixture.since the development of bordeaux mixture in the late 1800's, copper-based fungicides have been widely used against grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) diseases, mainly in organic but also in conventional viticulture; however their intensive use has raised phytotoxicity concerns. in this study, the composition of grape berries and leaves upon bordeaux mixture treatment was investigated during the fructification season by a metabolomic approach. four applications of bordeaux mixture till 3 weeks before ...201425022258
phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of young wines made from yan73 (vitis vinifera l.) and cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.) grapes treated by 24-epibrassinolide.the grape berries of two varieties, yan73 (vitis vinifera l.) and cabernet sauvignon (cs) (vitis vinifera l.) were treated with 0.40 mg/l 24-epibrassinolide (ebr), 1.00 mg/l brassinazole (brz), and deionized water (control), at the veraison period. the ebr treatment significantly increased total phenolic content (tpc), total tannin content (ttc) and total anthocyanin content (tac) of yan73 and cs wines, whereas brz treatment decreased tpc, total flavonoid content (tfc), tac in the two wines. mor ...201425025149
evaluating wild grapevine tolerance to copper toxicity.we evaluate copper tolerance and accumulation in vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris in populations from a copper contaminated site and an uncontaminated site, and in the grapevine rootstock "41b", investigating the effects of copper (0-23 mm) on growth, photosynthetic performance and mineral nutrient content. the highest cu treatment induced nutrient imbalances and inhibited photosynthetic function, causing a drastic reduction in growth in the three study plants. effective concentration was higher t ...201525025740
assessment of insecticide resistance of lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in emilia-romagna region.the european grapevine moth, lobesia botrana (denis & schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is the key pest of vineyard, vitis vinifera l. in italy, failures in field chemical pest control have been recently reported. the susceptibility to insecticides indoxacarb, methoxyfenozide, and emamectin benzoate was then evaluated in a l. botrana population collected from a vineyard in emilia-romagna (northeastern italy) where pest management programs achieved unsatisfactory results. the field tria ...201425026689
histological responses to downy mildew in resistant and susceptible grapevines.downy mildew in grapevines, caused by plasmopara viticola, is a very serious disease throughout the grape-producing nations, especially in more humid climates. downy mildew mainly affects the cultivated varieties of vitis vinifera. a promising way to minimize or eliminate p. viticola infections is by the adoption of resistant cultivars. chinese wild grapevines are reported to possess resistance to many fungal diseases. in this study, three chinese wild grapevines (vitis pseudoreticulata baihe-35 ...201525027553
cavitation: a blessing in disguise? new method to establish vulnerability curves and assess hydraulic capacitance of woody tissues.the hydraulic performance of woody species during drought is currently of high interest in the context of climate change. it is known that woody species have the capacity to mitigate water shortage by using internally stored water. elastic shrinkage of living cells and also water release during cavitation contribute to the so-called 'hydraulic capacitance' (c) of the plant, which adds water to the transpiration stream and buffers fluctuations in water potential. although sap-conducting conduits ...201525030935
the ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin on grape cuttings under water-deficient stress: antioxidant metabolites, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast morphology.grapes are an important economic crop and are widely cultivated around the world. most grapes are grown in arid or semi-arid regions, and droughts take a heavy toll in grape and wine production areas. developing effective drought-resistant cultivation measures is a priority for viticulture. melatonin, an indoleamine, mediates many physiological processes in plants. herein, we examined whether exogenously applied melatonin could improve the resistance of wine grape seedlings grown from cuttings t ...201425039750
assessment of cluster yield components by image analysis.berry weight, berry number and cluster weight are key parameters for yield estimation for wine and tablegrape industry. current yield prediction methods are destructive, labour-demanding and time-consuming. in this work, a new methodology, based on image analysis was developed to determine cluster yield components in a fast and inexpensive way.201525041796
photooxidation of tryptophan leading to 2-aminoacetophenone--a possible reason for the untypical aging off-flavor in wine.2-aminoacetophenone (aap) was recognized as the key compound for the so-called untypical aging off-flavor (uta) in vitis vinifera wines. in this study, it was shown that aap can be formed by photooxidation of free and protein-bound tryptophan (trp) in combination with a subsequent storage in model wine. solutions of trp and lysozyme were exposed to artificial sunlight both in the presence and in the absence of the photosensitizer riboflavin. aliquots of the irradiation batches were stored in mod ...201425047450
plant microrna-target interaction identification model based on the integration of prediction tools and support vector machine.confident identification of microrna-target interactions is significant for studying the function of microrna (mirna). although some computational mirna target prediction methods have been proposed for plants, results of various methods tend to be inconsistent and usually lead to more false positive. to address these issues, we developed an integrated model for identifying plant mirna-target interactions.201425051153
tracing flavonoid degradation in grapes by ms filtering with stable isotopes.anthocyanin degradation has been proposed as one of the primary causes for reduced colour and quality in red wine grapes grown in a warm climate. to study anthocyanin degradation we infused berries with l-phenyl-(13)c₆-alanine and then tracked the fate of the anthocyanins comparing normal (25 °c) and warm (45 °c) temperature conditions. an untargeted metabolomics approach was aided by filtering the ms data using software algorithms to extract all m and m+6 isotopic peak pairs, allowing the analy ...201525053079
changes in the triterpenoid content of cuticular waxes during fruit ripening of eight grape (vitis vinifera) cultivars grown in the upper rhine valley.triterpenoids present in grape cuticular waxes are of interest due to their potential role in protection against biotic stresses, their impact on the mechanical toughness of the fruit surface, and the potential industrial application of these biologically active compounds from grape pomace. the determination of the triterpenoid profile of cuticular waxes reported here supplements existing knowledge of the chemical diversity of grape, with some compounds reported in this species for the first tim ...201425058466
a huge pvdf adsorption difference between resveratrol and ε-viniferin allows to quantitatively purify them and to assess their anti-tyrosinase property.repeated chromatographic analyses of polyphenolic vine stalks extracts allowed us to note a huge adsorption difference on polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), between trans-resveratrol 1 and (+)-trans-ε-viniferin 2. we could optimize the conditions (solvent, saturation of the process), for this polymer to adsorb very selectively 2, with regard to the monomer 1 that remains in solution. since membrane filters made of pvdf are quite often used for hplc samples filtration, this observation prompted us t ...201425067848
differential production of phytotoxins from phomopsis sp. from grapevine plants showing esca symptoms.nine strains of the fungus phomopsis spp. were isolated from a vineyard showing decline from the disease esca. strains were screened for their ability to produce secondary metabolites showing chemical diversity. the culture extracts of each strain were analyzed by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet-diode array detection-mass spectrometry. three strains were selected for the isolation and characterization of eight of the major metabolites. structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses inclu ...201425070068
pyrosequencing detects human and animal pathogenic taxa in the grapevine endosphere.generally, plants are not considered as hosts for human and animal pathogens (hap). the recent produce-associated outbreaks of food-borne diseases have drawn attention toward significant deficiencies in our understanding of the ecology of hap, and their potential for interkingdom transfer. to examine the association of microorganisms classified as hap with plants, we surveyed the presence and distribution of hap bacterial taxa (henceforth hapt, for brevity's sake) in the endosphere of grapevine ...201425071740
activity-based profiling of a physiologic aglycone library reveals sugar acceptor promiscuity of family 1 udp-glucosyltransferases from grape.monoterpenols serve various biological functions and accumulate in grape (vitis vinifera), where a major fraction occurs as nonvolatile glycosides. we have screened the grape genome for sequences with similarity to terpene uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (ugts) from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). a ripening-related expression pattern was shown for three candidates by spatial and temporal expression analyses in five grape cultivars. transcript accumulation correlated with the produc ...201425073706
phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of pomaces from four grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.).phenolic compounds are widely distributed secondary metabolites in plants usually conferring them with unique taste, flavour and health-promoting properties. in fruits of vitis vinifera l., phenolic composition is highly dependent on grape variety. differential extraction of these compounds from grapes during winemaking is critically associated with wine quality. by-products of winemaking, such as grape pomace, can contain significant amounts of polyphenols. however, information concerning the v ...201525082193
integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses reveal an ancient genome duplication in monocots.unraveling widespread polyploidy events throughout plant evolution is a necessity for inferring the impacts of whole-genome duplication (wgd) on speciation, functional innovations, and to guide identification of true orthologs in divergent taxa. here, we employed an integrated syntenic and phylogenomic analyses to reveal an ancient wgd that shaped the genomes of all commelinid monocots, including grasses, bromeliads, bananas (musa acuminata), ginger, palms, and other plants of fundamental, agric ...201425082857
haplotype diversity of vvtfl1a gene and association with cluster traits in grapevine (v. vinifera).interaction between terminal flower 1 (tfl1) and leafy (lfy) seem to determine the inflorescence architecture in arabidopsis. in a parallel way, overexpression of vvtfl1a, a grapevine tfl1 homolog, causes delayed flowering and production of a ramose cluster in the reiterated reproductive meristem (rrm) somatic variant of cultivar carignan. to analyze the possible contribution of this gene to cluster phenotypic variation in a diversity panel of cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l. subsp. vinif ...201425091083
physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory qualities of wine grape pomace fortified baked goods.wine grape pomace (wgp) as a source of antioxidant dietary fiber (df) was used to fortify baked goods, including breads, muffins, and brownies. pinot noir wgp (rwgp) and pinot grigio wgp (wwgp) substituted wheat flour at concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15% for bread, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% rwgp for brownies, and 5%, 10%, and 15% rwgp or 10%, 15%, and 20% wwgp for muffins. the finished products were evaluated for total phenolic content (tpc), radical scavenging activity (rsa), and total df, as well ...201425102950
analytical phenolic composition and sensory assessment of selected rare greek cultivars after extended bottle ageing.the hellenic vineyard embraces a large number of native cultivars, which are mostly unexploited for their ageing potential. therefore, it was thought that analyzing some quality parameters of 14 red wines produced by rare native varieties would be of great importance in obtaining a general picture of their potential for commercial use. various analytical methods were applied to the selected wines, at bottling and after 8 years of ageing, in an attempt to provide reliable answers to this issue. i ...201525103612
functions of eds1-like and pad4 genes in grapevine defenses against powdery mildew.the molecular interactions between grapevine and the obligate biotrophic fungus erysiphe necator are not understood in depth. one reason for this is the recalcitrance of grapevine to genetic modifications. using defense-related arabidopsis mutants that are susceptible to pathogens, we were able to analyze key components in grapevine defense responses. we have examined the functions of defense genes associated with the salicylic acid (sa) pathway, including enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (eds1 ...201425107649
exploring three pips and three tips of grapevine for transport of water and atypical substrates through heterologous expression in aqy-null yeast.aquaporins are membrane channels that facilitate the transport of water and other small molecules across the cellular membranes. we examined the role of six aquaporins of vitis vinifera (cv. touriga nacional) in the transport of water and atypical substrates (other than water) in an aqy-null strain of saccharomyces cerevisiae. their functional characterization for water transport was performed by stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy. the evaluation of permeability coefficients (pf) and activat ...201425111598
the transcription factor vvwrky33 is involved in the regulation of grapevine (vitis vinifera) defense against the oomycete pathogen plasmopara viticola.grapevine (vitis vinifera ssp. vinifera) is one of the most important fruit species; however, it is highly susceptible to various pathogens, which can cause severe crop losses in viticulture. it has been shown that several wrky class transcription factors (tfs) are part of the signal transduction cascade, which leads to the activation of plant defense reactions against various pathogens. in the present investigation, a full-length cdna was isolated from v. vinifera leaf tissue encoding a predict ...201525132131
plasticity of vulnerability to leaf hydraulic dysfunction during acclimation to drought in grapevines: an osmotic-mediated process.previous studies have reported correlation of leaf hydraulic vulnerability with pressure-volume parameters related to cell turgor. this link has been explained on the basis of the effects of turgor on connectivity among cells and tissue structural integrity, which affect leaf water transport. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that osmotic adjustment to water stress would shift the leaf vulnerability curve toward more negative water potential (ψ leaf ) by increasing turgor at low ψ leaf . w ...201525132228
antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of twenty-four vitis vinifera grapes.grapes are rich in phytochemicals with many proven health benefits. phenolic profiles, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of twenty-four selected vitis vinifera grape cultivars were investigated in this study. large ranges of variation were found in these cultivars for the contents of total phenolics (95.3 to 686.5 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (94.7 to 1055 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activities (oxygen radical absorbance capacity 378.7 to 3386.0 mg of trolox equivalents/100 g and peroxylrad ...201425133401
a comparative study of ripening among berries of the grape cluster reveals an altered transcriptional programme and enhanced ripening rate in delayed berries.transcriptional studies in relation to fruit ripening generally aim to identify the transcriptional states associated with physiological ripening stages and the transcriptional changes between stages within the ripening programme. in non-climacteric fruits such as grape, all ripening-related genes involved in this programme have not been identified, mainly due to the lack of mutants for comparative transcriptomic studies. a feature in grape cluster ripening (vitis vinifera cv. pinot noir), where ...201425135520
enantiodifferentiation of 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine in different species using multidimensional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic approaches.with respect to the current hypothesis that natural amino acids may serve as starting material for the biosynthesis of alkyl-methoxypyrazines, the enantiomeric distribution of the potent aroma compound 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine (sbmp) was determined in various species using heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography (h/c mdgc) or comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc × gc). complementary to an earlier described separation on octakis-(6-o-methyl-2,3-di-o-pentyl)-γ-cyclodextr ...201525146352
a forensic perspective on the genetic identification of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) varieties using str markers.the grapevine (vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide. a long interest in the historical origins of ancient and cultivated current grapevines, as well as the need to establish phylogenetic relationships and parentage, solve homonymies and synonymies, fingerprint cultivars and clones, and assess the authenticity of plants and wines has encouraged the development of genetic identification methods. str analysis is currently the most commonly used m ...201425146979
wild saccharomyces cerevisiae strains display biofilm-like morphology in contact with polyphenols from grapes and wine.polyphenols are a major component of wine grapes, and contribute to color and flavor, but their influence upon yeast growth forms has not been investigated. in this work we have studied the effect of polyphenols on the ability of natural isolates of wine-related saccharomyces cerevisiae strains to form biofilms attaching to plastic surfaces, to grow as mat colonies, to invade media, and to display filamentous growth. the use of carbon- and nitrogen-rich or deficient media simulated grape juice f ...201425150672
genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the berry skin of two red grape cultivars (vitis vinifera) in which anthocyanin synthesis is sunlight-dependent or -independent.global gene expression was analyzed in the berry skin of two red grape cultivars, which can ('jingyan') or cannot ('jingxiu') synthesize anthocyanins after sunlight exclusion from fruit set until maturity. gene transcripts responding to sunlight exclusion in 'jingyan' were less complex than in 'jingxiu'; 528 genes were induced and 383 repressed in the former, whereas 2655 genes were induced and 205 suppressed in 'jingxiu'. they were regulated either in the same or opposing manner in the two cult ...201425158067
genome-wide identification and analysis of mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase gene family in grapevine (vitis vinifera).mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (mapkkks; map3ks) are important components of mapk cascades, which are highly conserved signal transduction pathways in animals, yeast and plants, play important roles in plant growth and development. mapkkks have been investigated on their evolution and expression patterns in limited plants including arabidopsis, rice and maize.201425158790
a small xy chromosomal region explains sex determination in wild dioecious v. vinifera and the reversal to hermaphroditism in domesticated grapevines.in vitis vinifera l., domestication induced a dramatic change in flower morphology: the wild sylvestris subspecies is dioecious while hermaphroditism is largely predominant in the domesticated subsp. v. v. vinifera. the characterisation of polymorphisms in genes underlying the sex-determining chromosomal region may help clarify the history of domestication in grapevine and the evolution of sex chromosomes in plants. in the genus vitis, sex determination is putatively controlled by one major locu ...201425179565
weissella uvarum sp. nov., isolated from wine grapes.two bacterial strains (b18bm42(t) and b18nm6) were recovered during a study of bacterial diversity on wine grapes (vitis vinifera l.) from the nemea region in greece. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences placed the two strains within the genus weissella, and found them to be most closely related to weissella minor nric 1625(t) followed by weissella viridescens nric 1536(t) (99.1 and 98.9% sequence similarity, respectively). the level of dna-dna relatedness between strains b18nm ...201425180092
metabolic effects of elevated temperature on organic acid degradation in ripening vitis vinifera fruit.berries of the cultivated grapevine vitis vinifera are notably responsive to temperature, which can influence fruit quality and hence the future compatibility of varieties with their current growing regions. organic acids represent a key component of fruit organoleptic quality and their content is significantly influenced by temperature. the objectives of this study were to (i) manipulate thermal regimes to realistically capture warming-driven reduction of malate content in shiraz berries, and ( ...201425180109
effects of climatic conditions and soil properties on cabernet sauvignon berry growth and anthocyanin profiles.climatic conditions and soil type have significant influence on grape ripening and wine quality. the reported study was conducted in two "cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.v)" vineyards located in xinjiang, a semiarid wine-producing region of china during two vintages (2011 and 2012). the results indicate that soil and climate affected berry growth and anthocyanin profiles. these two localities were within a distance of 5 km from each other and had soils of different physical and chemical com ...201425185071
natural bioactive compounds from winery by-products as health promoters: a review.the relevance of food composition for human health has increased consumers' interest in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as foods enriched in bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals. this fact has led to a growing attention of suppliers on reuse of agro-industrial wastes rich in healthy plant ingredients. on this matter, grape has been pointed out as a rich source of bioactive compounds. currently, up to 210 million tons of grapes (vitis vinifera l.) are produced annually, being ...201425192288
study of leaf metabolome modifications induced by uv-c radiations in representative vitis, cissus and cannabis species by lc-ms based metabolomics and antioxidant assays.uv-c radiation is known to induce metabolic modifications in plants, particularly to secondary metabolite biosynthesis. to assess these modifications from a global and untargeted perspective, the effects of the uv-c radiation of the leaves of three different model plant species, cissus antarctica vent. (vitaceae), vitis vinifera l. (vitaceae) and cannabis sativa l. (cannabaceae), were evaluated by an lc-hrms-based metabolomic approach. the approach enabled the detection of significant metabolite ...201425197936
multiple loss-of-function 5-o-glucosyltransferase alleles revealed in vitis vinifera, but not in other vitis species.wild and loss-of-function alleles of the 5 - o - glucosyltransferase gene responsible for synthesis of diglucoside anthocyanins in vitis were characterized. the information aids marker development for tracking this gene in grape breeding. anthocyanins in red grapes are present in two glycosylation states: monoglucoside (3-o-glucoside) and diglucoside (3, 5-di-o-glucoside). while monoglucoside anthocyanins are present in all pigmented grapes, diglucoside anthocyanins are rarely found in the culti ...201425208644
fructo-oligosaccharides in table grapes and response to storage.fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) have been recognized as health food ingredients with a protective effect against environmental stresses in plants. we have analyzed the profiles of individual fos in cardinal table grape pulp, until now undetected, and quantified their changes in response to low temperature and high co2 levels. fos separation and quantification was carried out using anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (hpaec-pad), and the glucose, fructose and sucrose co ...201125212291
antioxidant activities, sensory and anti-influenza activity of grape skin tea infusion.grape skin extracts from pinot noir and pinot gris exhibited significant in vitro antiviral (influenza virus) activity. five tea infusions from grape skins (vitis vinifera var. pinot noir and pinot gris) without any additives (control pinot noir and control pinot gris) or by adding variable amounts of green tea and hibiscus were investigated as a means to utilise wine wastes. the antioxidant activities (dpph scavenging capacity and superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity), total phenolics, ...201125212307
relationships between godello white wine sensory properties and its aromatic fingerprinting obtained by gc-ms.godello is a traditional white-grape vine grown widely in the valdeorras area (northwest spain) available information about the sensory and chemical characteristics of which is scant. in this work, exploratory research was conducted with a view to correlate the results of instrumental analyses of the aroma compounds in godello wine and their sensory perception. principal component analysis (pca) and partial least squares regression (pls) were the multivariate data analysis methods selected. pca ...201125212315
polyphenolic profiles detected in the ripe berries of vitis vinifera germplasm.polyphenolic profiles in the berry samples of 344 european grape (vitis vinifera) cultivars were evaluated for two consecutive years. these cultivars represent a diverse collection of v. vinifera germplasm maintained at the usda-agricultural research service vitis clonal repository in davis of california, usa. a total of 36 polyphenolic compounds, including 16 anthocyanins, 6 flavonols, 6 flavanols, 6 hydroxycinnamic acids and 2 hydroxybenzoic acids, were identified via hplc-ms and quantified by ...201125212322
rootstock and vineyard floor management influence on 'cabernet sauvignon' grape yeast assimilable nitrogen (yan).this is a study on the influence that two rootstocks (110r, high vigour; 420a, low vigour) and three vineyard floor management regimes (tilled resident vegetation - usual practise in california, and barley cover crops that were either mowed or tilled) had upon grape nitrogen-containing compounds (mainly ammonia and free amino acids recalculated as yan), sugars, and organic acids in 'cabernet sauvignon' clone 8. a significant difference was observed for some of the free amino acids between rootst ...201125214080
a critical review on extraction techniques and gas chromatography based determination of grapevine derived sesquiterpenes.vitis vinifera l. (common grapevine) is considered one of the major world fruit crops based on the extent of cultivated land and on its economic value. grapevine is composed by several different chemical compounds, including sesquiterpenic ones. sesquiterpenic compounds play a significant role in varietal aromas, contributing to fruity and flowery odours, and are also well known for their potential health benefits. the advantages and drawbacks of different extraction and gas chromatographic tech ...201425220138
volatile components of vine leaves from two portuguese grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.), touriga nacional and tinta roriz, analysed by solid-phase microextraction.the purpose of this work was to study the volatile composition of vine leaves and vine leaf infusion prepared from vine leaves collected at 30 and 60 days after grape harvest of two vitis vinifera l. species. eighteen volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in vine leaves and in vine leaf infusions. it was observed that the volatile compounds present in vine leaves are dependent on the time of harvest, with benzaldehyde being the major volatile present in vine ...201525226431
analysis of the phenolic composition of fungus-resistant grape varieties cultivated in italy and germany using uhplc-ms/ms.the phenolic composition of grape berries grown in italy (cabernet cortis, johanniter, solaris, phoenix, and regent) and in germany (regent and phoenix) was analyzed using two complementary lc-ms/ms (liquid chromatography - tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry) methods. these five cultivars belong to fungus-resistant grape varieties (piwi) and little is known about their phenolic profile, although phenolics such as phytoalexins have been recognized, playing a key role in the resistance mechanism. ...201425230183
ultraviolet-b radiation and water deficit interact to alter flavonol and anthocyanin profiles in grapevine berries through transcriptomic regulation.uv-b radiation and water deficit may trigger flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis in plant tissues. in addition, previous research has showed strong qualitative effects on grape berry skin flavonol and anthocyanin profiles in response to uv-b and water deficit. the aim of this study is to identify the mechanisms leading to quantitative and qualitative changes in flavonol and anthocyanin profiles, in response to separate and combined uv-b and water deficit. grapevines (vitis vinifera l. cv. temp ...201425231967
simple rain-shelter cultivation prolongs accumulation period of anthocyanins in wine grape berries.simple rain-shelter cultivation is normally applied during the grape growth season in continental monsoon climates aiming to reduce the occurrence of diseases caused by excessive rainfall. however, whether or not this cultivation practice affects the composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in wine grapes remains unclear. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rain-shelter cultivation on the accumulation of anthocyanins in wine grapes (vitis vinifera l. cabernet ...201425232706
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