Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| coding sequences enhance internal initiation of translation by hepatitis a virus rna in vitro. | hepatitis a virus (hav), unlike other picornaviruses, has a slow-growth phenotype in permissive cell lines and in general does not induce host cell cytopathology. although there are no published reports of productive infection of hela cells by hav, hav rna appears to be readily translated in hela cells when transcribed by t7 rna polymerase provided by a recombinant vaccinia virus. the 5' noncoding region of hav was fused to poliovirus (pv) coding sequences to determine the effect on translation ... | 1998 | 9557637 |
| the cys-rich region of hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 is required for binding of hepatitis a virus and protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. | the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) cdna codes for a class i integral membrane glycoprotein, termed havcr-1, of unknown natural function which serves as an african green monkey kidney (agmk) cell receptor for hav. the extracellular domain of havcr-1 has an n-terminal cys-rich region that displays homology with sequences of members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, followed by a thr/ser/pro (tsp)-rich region characteristic of mucin-like o-glycosylated proteins. the havcr-1 glycop ... | 1998 | 9557657 |
| evolution of a common structural core in the internal ribosome entry sites of picornavirus. | the translational control involving internal ribosome binding occurs in poliovirus (pv), human rhinoviruses (hrv), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and hepatitis a virus (hav). internal ribosome binding utilizes cis-acting genetic elements of approximately 450 nucleotides (nt) termed the internal ribosome entry sites (ires) found in these picornaviral 5'-untranslated region (5'utr). although these ires elements are quite different in their primary sequence, ... | 1998 | 9562889 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies among israeli travellers and the economic feasibility of screening before vaccination. | hepatitis a (ha) is the most common vaccine-preventable disease among travellers. the probability of contracting the disease depends on the endemicity in both the destination and country of origin of the traveller. the introduction of the new highly effective but expensive inactivated ha vaccine necessitates a re-evaluation of ha prevention policy. in highly developed countries all travellers require vaccination. in highly endemic areas the entire population is immune. in israel, ha seroprevalen ... | 1998 | 9563704 |
| haemolysis complicating acute viral hepatitis in patients with normal or deficient glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. | haemolytic anaemia as a complication of acute hepatitis has been reported in up to 23% of patients. however, the incidence may rise up to 70-87% in patients who have glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency. massive intravascular haemolysis with renal failure, hepatic encephalopathy and even death have been reported. in our retrospective study of patients with acute viral hepatitis, the overall incidence of acute haemolysis was 4% (17/434). only 53% (9/17) of them had g6pd deficiency. ... | 1997 | 9571732 |
| the major late promoter and bipartite leader sequence of fowl adenovirus. | the region of the fowl adenovirus serotype 10 (fav-10) genome containing the major late promoter (mlp) and leader sequences was determined and appropriate genomic fragments were cloned and sequenced. a tata box was identified and the location of the putative transcription start site was determined. by using synthetic primers from the transcription start site in conjunction with oligonucleotides from the coding regions of the penton base and hexon genes, cdna was produced from late mrna isolated ... | 1998 | 9572553 |
| conformational behavior of the hav-vp3(110-121) peptidic sequence and synthetic analogs in membrane environments studied by cd and computational methods. | the present study was undertaken to examine the structural features that may be important to explain the immunogenicity of the (110-121) peptide sequence (fwrgdlvfdfqv) of vp3 capsid protein of hepatitis a virus. a conformational analysis of the preferred conformations by cd and molecular mechanics was carried out. present results suggest that the interaction with liposomes as biomembrane model induces and stabilizes the amphipathic beta-structure of the peptide. to study the contribution of ami ... | 1998 | 9577229 |
| hepatitis a virus detection in wastewater by pcr and hybridization. | hepatitis a virus is a member of the picornaviridae family and is a principal agent of acute hepatitis worldwide, causing from mild to severe illness. although the incidence of hepatitis a is in decline, the risk of this disease is still high in the mediterranean area. detection of hepatitis a in the environment is difficult because this virus needs a prolonged incubation in cell culture, therefore we used an antigen capture pcr (ac-pcr) followed by a hybridization on membrane to identify hav in ... | 1998 | 9579341 |
| inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis a virus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, and poliovirus type 2 by hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization. | studies were conducted to determine the capability of a hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization process to inactivate several types of viruses. six test agents were used: hiv type 1, human hepatitis a virus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia, herpes simplex virus type 1, and poliovirus type 2. | 1998 | 9584802 |
| prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of italian military students. | in 1990, to study regional prevalences and risk factors of helicobacter pylori infection in healthy young adult males, sera were collected from a nationwide sample of 1659 males (mean age 20.7 years) at introduction into the air force school for military students in caserta, italy. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect h. pylori specific immunoglobulin g antibodies. the observed overall seropositivity rate was 17.5% (95% ci 15.7-19.4). prevalence was higher in southern italy an ... | 1998 | 9593484 |
| [prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies in polytransfused thalassemic patients]. | chronic liver disease in polytransfused thalassemic patients is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. the genesis is multiform: haemosiderosis and virus infections, resulting from repeated transfusions, may play an important role. since hav infection could make greatly worse the prognosis, in order to evaluate the opportunity of the hav vaccination in polytransfused thalassemic patients, we studied the prevalence of hav infection by detection of anti hav antibodies (igg) (enzyme immunoa ... | 1997 | 9595581 |
| manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) and autoantibodies against mnsod in acute viral infections. | sera of 146 patients with acute ebv, hav, hbv, cmv, hsv, and rubella virus infections, and sera from 35 healthy controls were tested for the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod). an enzyme immunoassay that detects all isomeres of the enzyme was developed. the mean mnsod value of healthy controls was 107 ng/ml. in hav, hbv and ebv infections characterized by viral replication in internal organs, there was an average 5-fold rise of serum mnsod, whereas in viral infections with ... | 1998 | 9598938 |
| assessing hepatitis a virus epidemic stochastic process in eight cities in china in 1990. | in the people's republic of china in 1990, the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a was investigated in eight large cities. | 1998 | 9602417 |
| seroprevalence of specific viral infections in confiscated orangutans (pongo pygmaeus). | a serological survey of confiscated orangutans was conducted to determine the prevalence of specific viral infections cross reacting with human viruses. antibodies specific for human hepatitis a (hav) and b (hbv) viruses, herpes simplex viruses (hsv), and human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv types i and ii), as well as for the simian type d retroviruses (srv types 1 to 3) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were tested in samples from 143 orangutans. results revealed a high prevalence of potenti ... | 1998 | 9606041 |
| simplified reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction procedure with detection by microplate hybridization for routine screening of hepatitis a virus. | reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, using either nested or seminested primers, is used extensively for the detection of viruses in small quantities. however, existing methods are prone to false positive reactions. we report here an improved polymerase chain reaction technique based on the use of longer primers (39 nucleotides) with single-step amplification, applied to the detection of hepatitis a in low quantities. while the sensitivity of this technique (10 x the 50% tissue cultur ... | 1998 | 9606912 |
| follow-up immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine in healthy children: results after 5 years. | long-term persistence of hepatitis a virus (hav) serum antibody in vaccinated children has not been demonstrated in previous studies. to study the long-term immunogenicity to hav vaccine, three doses of strain hm 175 hav vaccine with 360 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units were administered to 107 children, aged from 1.0 to 6.8 years, at 0, 1, and 6 months. the administration of one vaccine dose induced seropositivity (anti-hav titer > or = 20 miu ml-1) in 95% of all vaccinees at month 1. al ... | 1998 | 9607035 |
| [monoclonal antibodies in human hepatitis a virus immunoenzyme diagnosis]. | antigen and antibody detection in eia is a good tool in diagnosing hav infections, especially in their differentiation from other hepatitides. commercial kits containing polyclonal antibodies and murine mabs to identify hav are now available. rat mabs have not been assayed so far. peroxidase-labelled rat mabs and purified rat mabs as antigen capture were used to modify commercial "vectohep a-igm" and "vectorhep a-ag" kits. the results obtained with modified "vectohep a-igm" and "vectorhep a-ag" ... | 1998 | 9608269 |
| hepatitis a infections in wisconsin: trends in incidence and factors affecting surveillance, 1986-1995. | from january 1986 through december 1995, 4,143 cases of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were reported in wisconsin. the annual hepatitis a incidence remained stable from 1986 through 1988, with a mean annual rate of 4.7 cases per 100,000 (endemic hav incidence rate). during 1989-1993, the incidence of hav infection increased with a peak in 1992 of 19 cases per 100,000 population. a large foodborne outbreak (1992) and community wide outbreaks among african american residents (1989-1993) and nat ... | 1998 | 9617306 |
| hepatitis a. | 1998 | 9620732 | |
| polymorphisms of the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 in african green monkey kidney cells result in antigenic variants that do not react with protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. | monoclonal antibody (mab) 190/4 blocks binding of hepatitis a virus (hav) to the hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) and protects african green monkey kidney (agmk) clone gl37 cells (gl37 cells) against hav infection. bs-c-1 and cv-1 cells, two widely used agmk cell lines, did not react with mab 190/4 but expressed havcr-1, as judged by western blot analysis. the cdna coding for havcr-1 was amplified from bs-c-1 and cv-1 total cellular rna by reverse transcription-pcr. alignment of the amino acid ... | 1998 | 9621093 |
| [the screening of immune donors in organized collectives]. | use of blood of reconvalescents from infectious diseases along with screening of blood from non-immunized donors permits procuring new sources of immune blood preparations with high content of specific antibodies (keeping strictly to the existing normative-instructional documents on donorship). screening of immune donors in military collective bodies is a worth-while exercise both in medical and organizational respects owing to the contingents being homogeneous in sex, age and physiologic status ... | 1998 | 9621631 |
| [hepatitis a epidemic in heerlen in late 1996, importance of immunization in immigrant children]. | description of a local epidemic of hepatitis a in 1996 in heerlen, the netherlands. | 1998 | 9623099 |
| [the hepatitis a epidemic in heerlen, in 1996; the importance of immunization of migrant children]. | 1998 | 9623193 | |
| the shift in prevalence of hepatitis a immunity in flanders, belgium. | the purpose of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of hepatitis a in flanders, belgium, in order to analyse any change in the epidemiological pattern of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the region, and to determine at which age pre-vaccination testing would be useful. to meet these goals, a sero-epidemiological survey was conducted: 4058 serum samples were collected from a random sample of the general population in 1993-94. the overall age-standardised prevalence was 51.3%. among non-belgi ... | 1998 | 9629763 |
| two-year review of hepatitis a vaccine safety: data from the vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers). | 1998 | 9636890 | |
| use of silica as a carrier to recover and prepare waterborne enteric viruses for detection by rt-pcr. | a rapid, efficient and inexpensive method was developed to concentrate poliovirus type 1 (pv1), rotavirus (rv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) from artificially spiked samples of tap and surface water. the method consists of adsorbing the viruses to silicon dioxide (sio2) in the presence of 0.5 mm alcl3 and adjustment of the ph to 3.5. the silica-adsorbed virus was collected by low speed centrifugation. viral rna was then extracted with guanidium thiocyanate (gt), and environmental nucleases and inh ... | 1997 | 9638882 |
| [viral hepatitis a: when a changing epidemiology implies a different prophylaxis]. | major progress has been made in the epidemiology and prophylaxis of hepatitis a virus (hav) since it was first discovered in stool samples by maccallum in 1973. seven types of the virus have been described. types 1, 2, 3 and 7 occur in humans and types 4, 5 and 6 in monkeys, but genotype is not correlated with antigenic response. immunization with the hm175 viral strain or natural infection by any of the virus types gives protection against all types of hav affecting humans. serological tests de ... | 1998 | 9642731 |
| membrane association and rna binding of recombinant hepatitis a virus protein 2c. | the direct function of hepatitis a virus (hav) protein 2c, a putative ntpase, is not known, yet genetic evidence obtained from chimeric viruses carrying the 2c genomic region of different hav variants indicates that it plays a pivotal role in viral replication. in a first assessment of its potential function(s), membrane and rna binding properties of hav 2c were studied after expressing the protein in various recombinant systems. in contrast to poliovirus 2c, expression of hav 2c was inhibitory ... | 1998 | 9645199 |
| recombinant hepatitis a virus antigen: improved production and utility in diagnostic immunoassays. | hepatitis a virus (hav) immunoassays use cell culture-derived hav antigen to detect hav-specific antibodies. the current method of production of hav antigen in tissue culture is time-consuming and expensive. we previously expressed the hav open reading frame in recombinant vaccinia viruses (rv-orf). the recombinant hav polyprotein was accurately processed and was assembled into subviral particles. these particles were bound by hav-neutralizing antibodies and were able to elicit antibodies which ... | 1998 | 9650953 |
| sero-clearance of hepatitis b surface antigen in chronic carriers does not necessarily imply a good prognosis. | the incidence of delayed hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) clearance in the natural history of chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv)-infected patients was low. previous studies regarding the prognosis in such patients were controversial. among 1,355 chronic carriers from 1985 to 1997, spontaneous hbsag clearance was observed in 55 patients. during a mean follow-up period of 23 months, 18 (32.7%; all were male subjects) developed serious complications, including 11 with hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) ... | 1998 | 9657117 |
| the human homolog of havcr-1 codes for a hepatitis a virus cellular receptor. | the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) cdna was isolated from a cdna expression library of african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells by using protective monoclonal antibody (mab) 190/4, which blocks the binding of hepatitis a virus (hav) to agmk cells. the havcr-1 cdna codes for havcr-1, a 451-amino-acid class i integral-membrane mucin-like glycoprotein of unknown natural function. to determine the existence of a human homolog(s) of havcr-1 (huhavcr-1), we used havcr-1-specific prime ... | 1998 | 9658108 |
| production of antibody to hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b surface antigen measured after combined hepatitis a/hepatitis b vaccination in 242 adult volunteers. | two batches of a new hepatitis a/hepatitis b combined vaccine were tested in 242 healthy students. three injections, given at 0, 1 and 6 months, produced seroconversion rates and hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) antibody levels comparable to those reported after administration of separate monocomponent vaccines. the vaccine proved to be safe and well-tolerated. influence of host factors, such as elevated body mass index or gender, were investigated and proven to be ... | 1998 | 9658375 |
| hepatitis a virus infections associated with clotting factor concentrate in the united states. | two cases of hepatitis a among persons exposed to the same lot of solvent/detergent-treated antihemophilic factor viii concentrate were reported to a surveillance system. an investigation was conducted to find additional cases and determine the source of infection. | 1998 | 9661691 |
| acute glomerulonephritis in hepatitis a virus infection. | 1998 | 9669732 | |
| a unique hepatitis a virus strain caused an epidemic in norway associated with intravenous drug abuse. the hepatitis a study group. | a major epidemic of hepatitis a virus (hav), associated with intravenous drug abuser (ivda) communities, was studied by molecular epidemiology using a 348 bp region of the vp1/2pa junction of the hav genome. a total of 621 cases were notified during the 2-year epidemic, 492 of whom were ivda. serum samples, taken from 79 patients during the acute phase of infection, were selected for analysis of hav rna by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequencing. a unique epidemic ... | 1998 | 9670356 |
| acute hepatitis a virus infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome. | 1998 | 9672368 | |
| hepatitis a virus subviral particles: purification, accumulation, and relative infectivity of virions, provirions and procapsids. | virus-specific particles were isolated from hepatitis a virus (hav)-infected cells and the role of each particle type in the replicative cycle assessed. mature virions, provirions (immature virions) and empty capsids (procapsids) were detected in cell lysates, and both virions and provirions were found in the culture supernatant. particle types were separated by isopycnic caesium chloride gradient or linear sucrose density gradient-ultracentrifugation, and their capsid proteins characterised. vi ... | 1997 | 9672583 |
| early interactions of hepatitis a virus with cultured cells: viral elution and the effect of ph and calcium ions. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is less well-characterized than other picornaviruses due to its slow and inefficient replication. in order to gain a greater understanding of hav-receptor interactions we have used the recovery of cell-bound, infectious virus particles to measure the effects of temperature, ph and divalent cations on the binding of hav to susceptible cells. viral attachment to cultured cells proceeded at similar rates between 4 degrees c and 37 degrees c, with a slight increase in the tot ... | 1997 | 9672584 |
| changing epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus infection is a world-wide public health problem and commonly found in many developing countries, especially in areas where the infection pattern is changing from hyperendemic to hypoendemic. due to improvement of living standard, infections during childhood have been deferred towards adulthood. hepatitis a infection in early childhood is usually subclinical, while symptomatic hepatitis a occurs with increasing age. in southeast asia, hepatitis a antibody prevalence had consider ... | 1998 | 9684517 |
| evidence that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with an infectious agent linked to hygiene conditions. | the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) in children has shown temporal and geographic variation during the 20th century, with higher rates in developed nations appearing in the first half of the century, but with persisting low rates in developing nations. we sought to assess the relation of childhood all with hygiene conditions, an aspect of socioeconomic development affecting rates of exposure to infectious agents. | 1998 | 9684709 |
| reverse transcriptase pcr detection of astrovirus, hepatitis a virus, and poliovirus in experimentally contaminated mussels: comparison of several extraction and concentration methods. | four methods of extraction and three methods of concentration of three enteric viruses from mussels were comparatively evaluated by reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr). shellfish were experimentally contaminated by immersion in seawater seeded with astrovirus, hepatitis a virus, or poliovirus. sixty-gram samples of mussel tissues were processed by using borate buffer, glycine solution, saline beef, and saline beef-freon extraction methods. the viruses were concentrated by precipitation with polye ... | 1998 | 9687488 |
| chromatographic removal and heat inactivation of hepatitis a virus during manufacture of human albumin. | csl limited, an australian biopharmaceutical company, has recently converted its method of manufacture for human albumin from a traditional cohn-ethanol fractionation method to a method employing chromatographic techniques. studies were undertaken to determine the efficiency of the chromatographic and pasteurization steps used in the manufacture of albumex(r) (csl's trade name for albumin) in removing and inactivating the potential viral contaminant, hepatitis a virus (hav). the manufacturing pr ... | 1998 | 9693093 |
| utilization of chimeras between human (hm-175) and simian (agm-27) strains of hepatitis a virus to study the molecular basis of virulence. | chimeras between human (hm-175) and simian (agm-27) strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) were constructed to evaluate the effect of the 2c gene of agm-27 on hav replication in cell culture and virulence in tamarins (saguinus mystax) and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). kinetic studies and radioimmunofocus assays demonstrated that replacement of the 2c gene of hav/7, a cell culture-adapted strain of hm-175, with that of agm-27 drastically reduced the ability of the virus to replicate in cultured cell ... | 1998 | 9696843 |
| age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a in children and adolescents from rio de janeiro, brazil, 1978 and 1995. relationship of prevalence to environmental factors. | the age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was determined in two different population groups with low socio-economic status from rio de janeiro city, brazil, whose serum samples were collected 17 years apart (population 1, 1978; population 2, 1995). in population 2, analysis of the anti-hav prevalence was also carried out with respect to environmental factors. population 1 was composed of 520 stored sera collected from the umbilical cord of term neonates and childr ... | 1998 | 9698834 |
| outbreak of hepatitis b virus in recent arrivals to the brazilian amazon. | an outbreak of acute hepatitis cases in a small community took place 6 months after the community's arrival to the brazilian amazon. an epidemiological investigation was performed and included residents aged more than two years. study subjects were interviewed and bled to test for hepatitis markers by enzyme immunoassays. around 80% of the village population was surveyed. the overall prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers was 75.1% (281/374). the surface antigen of hbv (hbsag) and the igm ... | 1998 | 9700626 |
| polypeptide 3ab of hepatitis a virus is a transmembrane protein. | hepatitis a virus (hav) protein 3ab is a membrane-interacting protein containing a stretch of 21 hydrophobic amino acid residues. the nature of its membrane association was studied in detail by analysing various deletion mutants. in vivo and in vitro expression of the wild-type protein and its mutants allowed to demonstrate that the hydrophobic domain interacts with membranes and to define the portions essential for this feature. furthermore, the results suggest that 3ab behaves as an integral m ... | 1998 | 9705870 |
| virion concentration method for the detection of human enteric viruses in extracts of hard-shelled clams. | a method to extract and concentrate intact human enteric viruses from oyster extracts for detection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to hard-shelled clams (mercenaria mercenaria). fifty-gram clam samples were processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method and then seeded with 10(1) to 10(5) pfu to poliovirus 1 (pv1) and/or hepatitis a virus (hav). seeded viruses in extracts were purified by fluorocarbon (freon) extraction and concentrated by pol ... | 1998 | 9709210 |
| prevalence and transmission of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in ugandan children and adolescents. | we studied the seroprevalence and transmission of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv8), among 215 ugandan children, adolescents and young adults. we measured antibodies to a latent nuclear antigen (lana) and a lytic cycle protein encoded by open reading frame (orf) 65. infection with kshv/hhv8 occurred during early childhood and reached adult levels (approx. 50%) before the age of puberty. in children younger than 12 years of age, antibodies to lana and the orf65 protein were inde ... | 1998 | 9714046 |
| viral pollution in the environment and in shellfish: human adenovirus detection by pcr as an index of human viruses. | a study of the presence of human viruses (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and hepatitis a viruses [havs]) in environmental and shellfish samples was carried out by applying dna and cdna amplification techniques by pcr. the detection of human adenoviruses by pcr was also examined as a potential molecular test to monitor viral pollution. the samples studied were urban and slaughterhouse sewage, river water, seawater, and shellfish. enteroviruses were quantified by pfu in buffalo green monkey kidney c ... | 1998 | 9726885 |
| [practical considerations of immunoprophylaxis in viral hepatitis]. | hepatitis virus infections belong to the major etiological factors of both acute and chronic liver diseases. during the last years--apart from the passive immunoprophylaxis through the administration of immunoglobulin--safe and efficacious hepatitis vaccines (against hepatitis a and b viruses) has also became available in hungary. in this review the authors focus on the practical considerations of the immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis viruses. general consensus concerning the clinical use of hepati ... | 1998 | 9729677 |
| prolonged nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis a arising from an alcoholic with pneumonia. | from april to june 1996, an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection affecting 15 nurses, patients and household contacts occurred in the department of internal medicine at aker university hospital, oslo. the index case was a homeless alcoholic who was hospitalized in march 1996 with pneumonia while simultaneously incubating hav infection. four secondary cases were infected by the index case, while another 10 cases were caused by a continuous spread of infection within the department during ... | 1998 | 9730295 |
| oral lichen planus and hcv infection: a clinical evaluation of 263 cases. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection induces variable dermatologic manifestations. our purpose was to determine whether there is an association between hcv infection and oral lichen planus (olp). | 1998 | 9732000 |
| trans-encapsidation of a poliovirus replicon by different picornavirus capsid proteins. | a trans-encapsidation assay was established to study the specificity of picornavirus rna encapsidation. a poliovirus replicon with the luciferase gene replacing the capsid protein-coding region was coexpressed in transfected hela cells with capsid proteins from homologous or heterologous virus. successful trans-encapsidation resulted in assembly and production of virions whose replication, upon subsequent infection of hela cells, was accompanied by expression of luciferase activity. the amount o ... | 1998 | 9733835 |
| processing of proteinase precursors and their effect on hepatitis a virus particle formation. | proteolytic processing of the picornaviral polyprotein mediated by the differential action of virus-encoded proteinase(s) is pivotal to both rna genome replication and capsid formation. possibly to enlarge the array of viral proteins, picornaviral polyprotein processing results in intermediate and mature products which apparently have distinct functions within the viral life cycle. for hepatitis a virus (hav), we report here on the autoproteolysis of precursor polypeptides comprising the only vi ... | 1998 | 9733840 |
| [viral contamination of food products: a poorly understood public health problem]. | throughout the world there have been several epidemics of food-borne diseases (fbd) about which there is lack of sufficient information for public health institutions to take appropriate measures. this study was conducted for the purpose of contributing to the dissemination of information on these diseases and their etiologic agents, epidemiology, and control. the study was based on data from 61 sources, including review articles, reports of outbreaks, and databases. results reveal considerable ... | 1998 | 9734216 |
| the distance between the 3'-pyrimidine-rich tract and the aug codon modulates internal initiation of translation of hepatitis a virus rna. | protein synthesis directed by hepatitis a virus (hav) rna is mediated by a mechanism involving the recognition of internal sequences. two in-frame aug codons initiate the long open reading frame (positions 734-736 and 740-742). the extra-cistronic region extending between the uncapped 5'-end and the orf contains two pyrimidine-rich tracts (prts): one 12 nucleotides in length in the close vicinity of the initiator aug, and a longer one between bases 94 and 140. in order to study the relative cont ... | 1998 | 9738441 |
| hepatitis in pregnancy. | currently, six distinct types of hepatitis virus have been identified: a, b, c, d, e, and g. hepatitis a virus infection does not cause a chronic carrier state, and perinatal transmission is extremely uncommon. hepatitis b can be transmitted perinatally, but immunization of the newborn with hepatitis b immune globulin and hepatitis b vaccine markedly reduces the risk of neonatal infection. hepatitis d virus is dependent on coinfection with the hepatitis b virus for replication. immunoprophylaxis ... | 1998 | 9738992 |
| [hepatitis a prevention by vaccination]. | 1998 | 9739348 | |
| serological markers of hepatitis a, b and c in first year student nurses. | to know the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis a, b and c virus in first year student nurses. | 1998 | 9741205 |
| serostatus for vaccine-preventable diseases in residents at melbourne juvenile justice centre. | there are concerns in australia about inadequate rates of childhood immunisation, an important preventive measure to reduce infectious diseases. the population passing through the melbourne juvenile justice centre (mjjc) comes from a background at high risk for inadequate immunisation and outbreaks can occur in residential institutions. mjjc residents were invited to participate in a study by completing a medical officer-administered risk behaviour questionnaire and/or giving a blood sample. nin ... | 1998 | 9744212 |
| transfusion virology: progress and challenges. | discoveries of new human viruses and new technologies for their detection have made, and will continue to make, major contributions to the safety of blood transfusion. this article discusses the practical issues involved in the implementation of additional serological screening tests for viruses such as human t-lymphotropic virus, and reviews current information on the prevalence and pathogenicity of more recently discovered viruses, such as hepatitis g virus (hgv) or gb virus-c (gbv-c) and huma ... | 1998 | 9745887 |
| prevalence and determinants of hepatitis a virus exposure among prison entrants in queensland, australia: implications for public health control. | in september 1997, a multicentre outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurred in the queensland prison system following a prolonged community-based hav epidemic among illicit drug users. as part of the public health response, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate the sero-prevalence of, and identify the determinants for, recent and past hav infection among the incoming male prisoner population. exposure data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 214 consenti ... | 1998 | 9751015 |
| seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in tanzanian adults. | in a cross-sectional study in dar es salaam, tanzania, we determined the seroprevalence of markers for hepatitis a, b, c and e viruses and examined associated risk markers. among 403 healthy adults, the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus was 99.0% (95% confidence interval: 97.5-99.7). prior exposure to hepatitis c and e viruses was rare (hepatitis c: 0.7% (0.2-2.1); hepatitis e: 0.2% (< 0.1-1.4)). the prevalence of all markers of hepatitis b was 70.7% (66.0-75.1). hepatitis b surf ... | 1998 | 9754673 |
| gallbladder and pancreatic involvement in hepatitis a. | gallbladder (gb) abnormalities are rarely reported in children, but involvement of the gb has been demonstrated in various inflammatory disorders. thirty-nine children hospitalized with hepatitis a virus infection were evaluated by ultrasound. pseudosurgical gallbladder wall of 10 mm or more with striation was found in 10. pathological echographic findings were found in the pancreas of three patients, one with frank pancreatitis. ascitic fluid was noted in eight. pediatricians and pediatric surg ... | 1998 | 9754776 |
| a new and simple method for concentration of enteric viruses from water. | a new type of electropositive filter media particle was tested to adsorb bacteriophage f2 and enteric viruses from tap water. 3 x nutrient broth (ph 7.2) was used to elute the adsorbed viruses, and the eluate was reconcentrated by polyethylene glycol (mw 6000) precipitation with a final concentration of 10% (wt./vol.). the adsorption of bacteriophage was reliable and efficient, and not affected by the ph value, temperature, turbidity and organic materials in water. this method gave a recovery of ... | 1998 | 9763133 |
| a case of vertical transmission of hepatitis a virus infection. | we present a case of hepatitis a infection in a 2.5-month-old male who became icteric after 18 d of birth. the diagnosis of hepatitis a was made by compatible clinical symptoms, laboratory results and liver biopsy showing evidence of hepatitis, and confirmed by detection of anti-hav igm antibodies. because the mother had an acute icteric hepatitis a 1 week before delivery, and the viraemic phase of hepatitis a infection is very short, approximately 7 d, we suggest that the infant was infected by ... | 1998 | 9764900 |
| [isolation of hepatitis a virus in tissue culture. preliminary report]. | 1991 | 9768193 | |
| [detection of immunoglobulin a in serum and saliva of patients with hepatitis a]. | specific secretory serum iga antibodies to the hepatitis a virus from samples from patients with clinical symptoms compatible to hepatitis a, their contacts, and healthy subjects were analyzed using an elisa technique; results were compared with those of specific serum igm antibodies to the hepatitis a virus. the following results were attained in 175 blood samples: coincidence by 98.8%; sensitivity by 96.8%; and specificity by 100%. two cases were negative to iga and positive to igm. on compari ... | 1994 | 9768227 |
| [outbreaks of hepatitis a in the city of havana in the year 1991]. | fifty-six outbreaks of hepatitis a infection were studied in city of havana between january and september, 1991. in 34 of these, the presence of the hepatitis a virus (hav) was confirmed, either by the detection of specific serum igm antibodies to the hav or by the detection of the antigen in the feces of the subjects under study. diagnosis was not made in some of the outbreaks due to the insufficient number of samples sent to the laboratory. of the 453 blood serum samples under study, 126 were ... | 1994 | 9768233 |
| [development and evaluation of an elisa for the detection of igm antibodies against the hepatitis a virus]. | we present the results of the normalization of an igm capture elisa method for the diagnosis of type a viral hepatitis with reagents produced in the laboratory and its comparison with the "diag-a-hep" commercial elisa. the results attained were: sensibility by 91%; specificity by 100%; and coincidence of the two systems by 97%. results are discussed and their relationship with clinical symptoms and epidemiological characteristics is established. the results attained in 13 serum samples taken fro ... | 1994 | 9768241 |
| [purification and proteic characterization of a cuban strain of the hepatitis a virus]. | the purification and protein characterization of one of the cuban isolated strains of hepatitis a virus was carried out. for this, it was necessary to separate the virus from the infected cell by extraction steps with detergents, concentration by ultrafiltration and finally, ultracentrifugation in saccharosoglycerol discontinuous gradient. protein concentration, as well as the antigenic activity in the different fractions of the gradient were determined. for the protein characterization of the m ... | 1996 | 9768283 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of avaxim (160 au) as compared with havrix (1440 el.u) as a booster following primary immunization with havrix (1440 el.u) against hepatitis a. | hepatitis a vaccination is recommended for travelers from the uk to areas of moderate or high endemicity. two licensed hepatitis a vaccines are now available in the uk, and this trial was undertaken to determine whether avaxim can be used as a booster following a primary course of havrix. | 1998 | 9772311 |
| simultaneous amoebic liver abscess and hepatitis a infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and amoebic liver abscess have an identical mode of transmission (fecal-oral route) and similar epidemiology. either of these diseases might be considered in patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of liver disease in areas of the world where hepatitis and entamoeba histolytica are endemic. the following two cases describe patients with simultaneous infection of hav and amoebic liver abscess. this report emphasizes the role of dual infection in pati ... | 1998 | 9772324 |
| [anti-actin antibodies in acute viral hepatitis a in children]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection has been proposed as a possible trigger of autoimmune hepatitis type i. we have previously reported the presence of anti-actin antibodies en protracted hepatitis a. at present the presence of anti-actin antibodies in acute uncomplicated hepatitis a is unknown. the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and persistence of anti-actin antibodies un children with acute hepatitis a. | 1998 | 9773155 |
| the use of non-human primates as animal models for the study of hepatitis viruses. | hepatitis viruses belong to different families and have in common a striking hepatotropism and restrictions for propagation in cell culture. the transmissibility of hepatitis is in great part limited to non-human primates. enterically transmitted hepatitis viruses (hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus) can induce hepatitis in a number of old world and new world monkey species, while the host range of non-human primates susceptible to hepatitis viruses transmitted by the parenteral route (hepa ... | 1998 | 9777010 |
| immunization against hepatitis a during an outbreak in a jewish orthodox community--quebec, 1997-1998. | 1998 | 9780447 | |
| [an outbreak caused by hepatitis a virus in an institution for the mentally handicapped--detection of hepatitis a virus rna using ctab method]. | the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibody in people has decreased from year to year in japan. a sequential outbreak occurred in an institution for the mentally handicapped people in chiba city in the summer of 1995. eight people were infected including 7 residents and one staff member. we tested to detect antigen in fecal samples by elisa and pcr for early diagnosis for hepatitis a infection. four sera and 5 feces were obtained from 5 patients between 2 and 8 days after the onset of sym ... | 1998 | 9780581 |
| persistence of infectious hepatitis a virus and its genome in artificial seawater. | the stability of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome detectable by rt-pcr in artificial sterile seawater seeded with hav has been compared to that of hav detectable in cell culture. the hav genome was detectable by rt-pcr for 232 days while virus particles were detectable in cell culture for only 35 days. this difference in stability indicates that detection of the hav genome by rt-pcr is not a reliable indicator of the survival of hav detectable in cell cultures. however, before these results ca ... | 1998 | 9789362 |
| new target groups for vaccination against hepatitis a: homosexual men, injecting drug users and patients with chronic hepatitis. | in countries where the incidence of hepatitis a is low outbreaks of hepatitis a regularly occur among injecting drug users (idus) and homosexual men. obviously these groups are important reservoirs of hepatitis a virus (hav) and vaccination within these groups should be encouraged. in elderly patients, as well as in patients with chronic liver disease, hepatitis a infection may have a worse prognosis than in young and healthy patients. also for that reason, patients with chronic liver disease, e ... | 1998 | 9790149 |
| [secondary infection with hepatitis a in rhesus monkeys after experimental inoculation]. | time course of specific humoral immunity is studied in 186 macaca mulatta spontaneously infected with hepatitis a virus (hav). immunity parameters are characterized quantitatively and qualitatively and their similarity to those in human hepatitis a (ha) is demonstrated. repeated ha was reproduced in 12 seropositive macaca mulatta infected with hav-mr in high doses. the disease was characterized either by periodical virus release with feces for 1.5-2 months (10(4) id50) or by that together with a ... | 1998 | 9791880 |
| [the vaccinal prevention of viral hepatitis a in military groups]. | 1998 | 9793452 | |
| is a vaccination program against hepatitis a needed in india? | 1998 | 9795512 | |
| hepatitis g virus infection in acute fulminant hepatitis: prevalence of hgv infection and sequence analysis of a specific viral strain. | hepatitis g virus (hgv) is a recently discovered rna virus, which belongs to the flaviviridae family. although hgv infection is usually not associated with elevated serum transaminases, some recent studies have reported that hgv infection is found in a significant number of patients with fulminant hepatitis and may play a role in its etiopathogenesis. in this study the prevalence of hgv infection was determined in 500 healthy blood donors and in 24 patients admitted to hospital because of acute ... | 1998 | 9795913 |
| proof of hepatitis a virus negative-sense rna by rna/dna-hybrid detection: a method for specific detection of both viral negative- and positive-strand rna species. | the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) negative-strand rna, which is synthesized during replication of the positive-strand rna genome, proved to be difficult. we developed a method for the specific detection of hav negative-strand rna by rna-dna hybridization and luminescence detection using an anti-rna:dna hybrid antibody. this method, which is also applicable for the specific detection of positive-strand rna, offers a simple, yet relatively rapid and certain means of detecting low amounts of ... | 1998 | 9801326 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis c in patients admitted with acute hepatitis to fairfield infectious diseases hospital, 1971-1975. | to identify and determine trends in the prevalence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) antibody in stored sera from 1971 to 1975 and to determine associations with hcv seropositivity, including markers for other hepatitis infections and possible routes of transmission. | 1998 | 9803247 |
| [cholestatic-type hepatitis in childhood]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, etiology, clinical evolution and prognosis of cholestatic hepatitis during childhood. | 1998 | 9803548 |
| [prevalence of anti-hepatitis a in patients with chronic liver disease]. | the recent availability of an effective vaccine for preventing hepatitis a has led to the performance of a prevalence study of antibodies versus the hepatitis a virus (hav) in our patients with chronic liver disease by hepatitis b and c, as a step prior to vaccination. the sera of 425 patients with a mean age of 40 years was studied, with the global antibodies versus hav being determined (abbott). the prevalence was to 75.2% varying from 20% at 19 years to 93% in those over the age of 40. the pr ... | 1998 | 9808894 |
| [indications and prescription of hepatitis a vaccine in spain. report of the spanish association for the study of the liver]. | 1998 | 9810537 | |
| hepatitis a virus sequence detected in clotting factor concentrates associated with disease transmission. | since the early 1990s hepatitis a virus (hav) infections among recipients of solvent-detergent treated factor viii concentrates have occurred in europe, south africa and the united states. a review of the epidemiological and laboratory-based investigations of the outbreaks in germany and ireland were consistent with transmission by factor concentrates but limited information about transmission based upon nucleic acid sequences was obtained, and no clear chain of transmission could be established ... | 1998 | 9811512 |
| determination of adequate moisture content for efficient dry-heat viral inactivation in lyophilized factor viii by loss on drying and by near infrared spectroscopy. | a requirement for a minimal threshold level of moisture in order for efficient virus inactivation to occur during dry heat treatment of freeze-dried coagulation factor concentrates is described. techniques used to determine moisture content during heating were loss on drying and karl fischer. the loss on drying was suspected to have occasional errors as a result of sample preparation being influenced by interference from atmospheric moisture. therefore, a non-invasive, non-destructive method for ... | 1998 | 9811517 |
| interaction of poly(rc) binding protein 2 with the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis a virus rna and its effects on translation. | utilization of internal ribosome entry segment (ires) structures in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr) of picornavirus rnas for initiation of translation requires a number of host cell factors whose distribution may vary in different cells and whose requirement may vary for different picornaviruses. we have examined the requirement of the cellular protein poly(rc) binding protein 2 (pcbp2) for hepatitis a virus (hav) rna translation. pcbp2 has recently been identified as a factor required for trans ... | 1998 | 9811700 |
| increased infectivity of hepatitis a virus cdna clones with engineered 5'-terminal extra-cistronic sequences. | the genomic rna of hepatitis a virus (hav), a picornavirus of the hepatovirus group, is a single-stranded molecule, ca. 7.5 kb in length of positive polarity. translation of this uncapped rna starts at the 10th (or 11th) aug triplet (position 734-36), by a mechanism of internal initiation of translation. the long sequences extending between the uncapped 5'-end and the translation initiation site contain two (instead of just one) pyrimidine-rich tracts (prts) spanning nucleotides 94-140 and 711-7 ... | 1998 | 9812312 |
| [experimental in vivo passage of h2 strain of live attenuated vaccine of hepatitis a in common marmosets]. | common marmosets with negative serum antibodies against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) and normal liver functions were used for the tests of passage of h2 vaccine strain of hav to explore its residual virulence after attenuation and possibility of its reversion. common marmosets were inoculated with attenuated live vaccine, and fecal suspension and/or proliferative liquid in tissue culture of the progeny of vaccine hav excreted from their feces were passaged in common marmosets. result of three se ... | 1997 | 9812599 |
| the diverse patterns of hepatitis a epidemiology in the united states-implications for vaccination strategies. | hepatitis a is the most frequently reported vaccine-preventable disease in the united states. hepatitis a incidence and risk factors during 1983-1995 were examined among cases reported to the study's sentinel counties: denver county, colorado; pierce county, washington; jefferson county, alabama; and pinellas county, florida. of 4897 serologically confirmed cases, 611 patients (13%) were hospitalized and 9 (0.2%) died. the average incidence was 14.7/100, 000 (range, 0.6-100.7/100,000, depending ... | 1998 | 9815207 |
| response to hepatitis a vaccine in children after a single dose with a booster administration 6 months later. | background: children are of an age group susceptible to infection by the hepatitis a virus (hav). active immunization of children against hav became reality in 1993, when the first pediatric hepatitis a vaccine was licensed. this initial vaccine required two injections to induce a full immune response in recipients. the purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a single dose primary vaccine plus a booster after 6 months against hepatitis a in children. methods: a total of 60 healthy ... | 1996 | 9815444 |
| age-specific anti-hepatitis a virus seroepidemiology in italian travelers: indications for anti-hepatitis a vaccination. | background: hepatitis a virus (hav) circulation in the environment is decreasing in most industrialized western countries. this decrease has lead to low seroprevalence rates in adults. as a consequence, many nonimmune unprotected travelers from areas of low prevalence are considered at risk of acquiring hav infection when traveling to high hav endemic areas in developing countries. the recent hav inactivated vaccine has proved safe and effective, and its use in different geographic areas should ... | 1996 | 9815459 |
| risk of hepatitis a infection among young travelers to developing countries: the need for vaccination. | in france, as in most industrialized countries, the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection decreases due to improvements in hygiene and sanitation, but is still frequent in developing countries.1 in a cohort of military recruits followed up in france, this rate fell from 50% in 1978 to 16% in 1994.2 it is likely, therefore, that young travelers from industrialized countries would not have prior immunity and would be more susceptible to hav infection when visiting endemic areas.3 how ... | 1997 | 9815516 |
| clinical and viral marker pattern of acute sporadic hepatitis in children in madras, south india. | one hundred and twenty-seven children who presented with features of acute hepatitis during the period february 1995 to january 1996 were studied. specific aetiologic agents were identified in 89 per cent. of these, 67.7 per cent were due to a single virus, whereas 21.3 per cent were due to two or more hepatitis viruses. hepatitis a virus (hav) was the sole infecting agent in 38.6 per cent of cases, hepatitis b virus (hbv) in 13.4 per cent of cases, and hepatitis e virus (hev) in 15.7 per cent o ... | 1998 | 9819489 |
| enhancement of the immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide bearing a vp3 epitope of hepatitis a virus. | the immune responses elicited in mice by different forms of the vp3(110-121) b-epitope of the hepatitis a virus (hav) were studied. different forms of incorporation in liposomes were tested, encapsulation, rather than surface exposure, being the best antigenic preparation. three larger peptides of the vp3 epitope, two of them containing a hepatitis b virus t-epitope, and a third containing a putative t-epitope of hav (vp3(102-121)) were assayed. while this latter t-epitope induced an enhancement ... | 1998 | 9821968 |
| experience of hepatitis a vaccination during an outbreak in a nursery school of tuscany, italy. | an outbreak of hepatitis a started in late october 1996 in a nursery school in tuscany, italy. a programme of hepatitis a vaccination without the use of immunoglobulin started at the beginning of december 1996 and included 33 children, 21 household contacts and 6 adults working in the school. overall, 11 cases occurred in children attending the school (attack rate 27%) and 10 among their household contacts (attack rate 9 %). the latter also included parents, and, in two cases, grandmothers. the ... | 1998 | 9825788 |