Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| influenza a infection is an important cause of febrile seizures. | to compare the incidence of febrile seizures in children hospitalized for influenza a infection with parainfluenza and adenovirus infection and to examine the hypothesis that children hospitalized for influenza a (variant sydney/h3n2) during the 1998 season in hong kong had more frequent and refractory seizures when compared with other respiratory viruses, including the a/wuhan h3n2 variant that was present in the previous year. | 2001 | 11581471 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, may-september 2001. | during october 2000-may 2001, influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2), and b viruses were identified in the northern hemisphere. influenza a (h1n1) and b viruses circulated widely; influenza a (h3n2) viruses were reported infrequently and were not associated with widespread outbreaks in any country during october 2000-may 2001. since may 2001, influenza a (h1n1) and b viruses have predominated in asia and oceania; influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses have predominated in africa and south america. this report s ... | 2001 | 11594722 |
| genetic analysis of an influenza b virus isolated from a patient with encephalopathy in japan. | an influenza b virus, b/saga/s172/99 (sag99), was isolated from the nasopharynx of a patient with encephalopathy/encephalitis in japan in 1999. to clarify the molecular characteristics of this virus, detailed analysis of the gene segments coding for the hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), nucleoprotein (np), matrix protein (m) and non-structural protein (ns) was undertaken. all five genes of sag99 showed high nucleotide and predicted amino acid similarities with those of recent non-encephalo ... | 2001 | 11596098 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2000. | surveillance of influenza in australia in 2000 was based on data from national and state-based sentinel general practice consultations for influenza-like illness, laboratory isolations of influenza virus and absenteeism rates from a national employer. the peak in influenza cases was in mid-september. influenza a was the dominant strain, with the highest proportion being influenza a (h3n2), but with a significant proportion of isolates of influenza a (h1n1) (16%) for the first time since 1995. th ... | 2001 | 11596710 |
| increased immunogenicity of the mf59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine compared to a conventional subunit vaccine in elderly subjects. | three-hundred and eight outpatient elderly subjects (> or = 65 years) were randomly assigned to receive the mf59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine (flu-ad; n = 204) or a conventional subunit influenza vaccine (agrippal s1; n = 104) in order to compare the safety and immunogenicity of the two vaccines. although mild pain at the injection site was reported more frequently by subjects immunised with the adjuvanted vaccine, both vaccines were shown to be safe and well tolerated. the adjuvanted vaccine wa ... | 2001 | 11599686 |
| [evaluation of immunochromatography method for rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses]. | we have evaluated a new rapid detection kit for influenza a and b viruses, known as the quickvue influenza test (quidel coporation, usa); which is based on immunochromatography using virus isolates and clinical specimens. twelve strains of influenza a and b were tested for evaluate the reactivity and detection limits of this test. the quickvue influenza test showed a positive result for all twelve strains of influenza virus and a negative result for fourteen different kinds of other respiratory ... | 2001 | 11605188 |
| [clinico-anatomic parallels of cardiac lesion in sporadic influenza]. | data on 40 patients (21 men, 19 women) who died in hospital of influenza in 1975-1990 are analysed. the age of the patients ranged from 47 to 92 years, 37 patients were over 60. 31 deceased had ischemic heart disease (ihd), of them 13 survived myocardial infarction; 11 patients had essential hypertension, 1--lymphoid leukemia, 1--pollenosis. influenza caused by virus of a type (h3n2) was diagnosed in 27 patients. influenza virus type b was detected in 13 patients. the disease ran a hypertoxic, s ... | 2001 | 11641939 |
| [2000/01 influenza season and the vaccine composition for the season 2001/'02]. | in the 2000/01 season, the size of the influenza epidemic in the netherlands was exceptionally small. since the start of the continuous morbidity registration of the netherlands institute of primary health care (nivel) in 1970, the peak incidence of influenza-like illnesses has never been so low. the aetiology of the epidemic was also unusual. most remarkable was the relatively extensive circulation of subtype h1n1 and the low activity of subtype h3n2. the epidemic started in week 1 of 2001 and ... | 2001 | 11675977 |
| influenza virus types and subtypes detection by single step single tube multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and agarose gel electrophoresis. | influenza virus type and subtype specific primers were selected for use in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the selected primer sets were used in a single step rt-pcr of influenza virus rna in multiplex format for the detection of virus type and subtypes. three one step reaction conditions are optimized: (1) multiplex typing only, (2) multiplex subtyping of influenza a, and (3) multiplex typing and subtyping simultaneously. rna from strains of influenza virus type a of s ... | 2002 | 11684304 |
| antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza b viruses isolated in lusaka, zambia in 1999. | previous studies of the hemagglutinin (ha) genes of various influenza b virus isolates demonstrated the existence of two antigenically distinct virus lineages represented by b/victoria/2/87 and b/yamagata/16/88, respectively. here, we investigated the antigenic and genetic characteristics of influenza b viruses isolated from children living in lusaka, zambia between january and may 1999. antigenic analysis with chicken antiviral sera showed that all the zambian isolates had the ha protein belong ... | 2001 | 11699954 |
| comparison of the activities of zanamivir, oseltamivir, and rwj-270201 against clinical isolates of influenza virus and neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant variants. | rwj-270201 is a novel cyclopentane inhibitor of influenza a and b virus neuraminidases (nas). we compared the ability of rwj-270201 to inhibit na activity of clinical influenza isolates and viruses with defined resistance mutations with that of zanamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate. in na inhibition assays with influenza a viruses, the median 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) of rwj-270201 (approximately 0.34 nm) was comparable to that of oseltamivir carboxylate (0.45 nm) but lower than that ... | 2001 | 11709315 |
| perspectives on the manufacture of combination vaccines. | evolving regulatory requirements in the united states and europe create major challenges for manufacturers tasked with production of vaccines that contain > or =9 separate antigens capable of protecting against infectious diseases, such as diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, hepatitis b, and haemophilus influenza b, in a single shot. this article describes 10 steps that can facilitate the process of licensing these complex vaccines. it also points out problems associated with the use of anima ... | 2001 | 11709769 |
| [safety of an influenza-split-vaccine in children]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the safety of the split-product influenza vaccine begrivac(r), containing the recommended virus strains for the influenza season 1998/99. | 2001 | 11713714 |
| amantadine blocks channel activity of the transmembrane segment of the nb protein from influenza b. | nb is short auxiliary protein with ca. 100 amino acids, encoded in the viral genome of influenza b. it is believed to be similar to m2 from influenza a and vpu from hiv-1 in that it demonstrates ion channel activity. channels formed by the protein can be blocked by amantadine. we have synthesized the putative transmembrane segment of nb (irg s20 iiiticvsl i30 vilivfgci a40 kifi (nb, lee)). reconstituted in a lipid bilayer, the peptide shows channel activity. the addition of amantadine leads to d ... | 2001 | 11718294 |
| the new nasal spray influenza vaccine. | 2001 | 11734731 | |
| efficacy of inactivated and cold-adapted vaccines against influenza a infection, 1985 to 1990: the pediatric experience. | influenza is a common and potentially serious infection in children. although there is interest in broadening the use of influenza vaccine in healthy children, there are few large, randomized, controlled trials that evaluate the safety and efficacy of inactivated vaccine in the pediatric population. | 2001 | 11734733 |
| prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of three lots of intranasal trivalent influenza vaccine among young children. | trivalent formulations of an experimental, cold-adapted, intranasal influenza (caiv) vaccine have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious in young children. | 2001 | 11734734 |
| safety, vaccine virus shedding and immunogenicity of trivalent, cold-adapted, live attenuated influenza vaccine administered to human immunodeficiency virus-infected and noninfected children. | to assess the safety of live, attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) administered to relatively asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic hiv-infected children and non-hiv-infected children. | 2001 | 11740317 |
| antiviral drugs for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. | 2001 | 11740325 | |
| rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory virus infections for directed antiviral treatment using r-mix cultures. | the development of new anti-influenza drugs has led to concerns regarding the impact on healthcare costs if they are used indiscriminately. restricting their use to proven influenza virus infections has the potential to overcome costly inappropriate therapy. however, conventional culture (cc) does not generate results quickly enough to facilitate the timely initiation of treatment, and rapid detection tests have suboptimal sensitivity. we therefore investigated a new rapid culture system (r-mix) ... | 2002 | 11744435 |
| characterization of new epidemic strains of influenza b virus by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. | during the 1998-1999 influenza season, two distinct influenza b virus yamagata group strains were isolated from the patients of a private clinic. each responded differently to monoclonal antibodies (mabs) 5h4 and 8b3 on staining, and hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing tests. when the analysis of nucleotide sequences was undertaken, the identity of deduced amino acid sequences of the ha1 region was 94%, which suggested that they derived from different strains. they were termed 5h4-respo ... | 2001 | 11745940 |
| enhancing public health surveillance for influenza virus by incorporating newly available rapid diagnostic tests. | beginning with the 1999-2000 influenza season, physicians throughout hawaii ordering a viral culture for patients with suspected influenza were also offered influenza rapid testing. we compared the number of viral respiratory cultures sent to the hawaii department of health and the number of providers who participated in influenza surveillance over consecutive influenza seasons. the number of viral respiratory cultures rose from 396 to 2,169 between the 1998-1999 and 2000-2001 influenza seasons, ... | 2002 | 11749744 |
| flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates following autologous peripheral stem cell transplantation for advanced breast cancer. | flexible bronchoscopy is an important tool in the diagnosis of pulmonary complications following bone marrow transplantation. however, the value of this procedure in autologous peripheral stem cell transplant (apsct) recipients with pulmonary complications is not well defined. we retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic yield of 27 consecutive bronchoscopies done on 23 apsct recipients following high-dose chemotherapy for breast cancer. fb resulted in a positive diagnosis in 16 cases (59%). bron ... | 2001 | 11753555 |
| prevention and treatment of influenza a and b. | 2001 | 11768922 | |
| [new clinical laboratory tests for respiratory tract infections]. | 2001 | 11769523 | |
| influenza activity--united states, 2001-02 season. | in collaboration with the world health organization (who) and its collaborating laboratories, national respiratory and enteric virus surveillance system (nrevss) collaborating laboratories, state and local health departments, and a network of sentinel physicians, cdc conducts surveillance to monitor influenza activity and to detect antigenic changes in circulating strains of influenza viruses. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during september 30-november 24, 2001, w ... | 2001 | 11770504 |
| management of influenza in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | to review the prevention and treatment of influenza in patients with asthma and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). | 2001 | 11770690 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha exerts powerful anti-influenza virus effects in lung epithelial cells. | previous studies have associated influenza virus-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), with influenza pathogenesis in the human respiratory tract and have suggested that alpha and beta interferons are the first cytokines recruited to counteract such infection. however, we report here that tnf-alpha has powerful anti-influenza virus activity. when infected with influenza virus, cultured porcine lung epithelial cells expressed tnf-alpha in ... | 2002 | 11773383 |
| the evolution of human influenza viruses. | the evolution of influenza viruses results in (i) recurrent annual epidemics of disease that are caused by progressive antigenic drift of influenza a and b viruses due to the mutability of the rna genome and (ii) infrequent but severe pandemics caused by the emergence of novel influenza a subtypes to which the population has little immunity. the latter characteristic is a consequence of the wide antigenic diversity and peculiar host range of influenza a viruses and the ability of their segmented ... | 2001 | 11779385 |
| zanamivir: from drug design to the clinic. | the development of the neuraminidase inhibitors has revolutionized the management options for influenza. zanamivir was the first such inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of influenza in humans. it is delivered by inhalation to the respiratory tract, which is the site of viral replication, in order to ensure immediate antiviral activity. early treatment with zanamivir in clinical trials rapidly reduced the severity and duration of influenza symptoms and associated complications. furthermor ... | 2001 | 11779388 |
| treatment of influenza with neuraminidase inhibitors: virological implications. | evaluation of the emergence of influenza virus resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) is now demanded following experience with amantadinamines. preliminary data have indicated that nai-resistant virus is unlikely to emerge readily in the clinic and this is consistent with the difficulty experienced in selecting resistant virus in vitro. resistance mutations can occur in both neuraminidase and haemagglutinin genes. the neuraminidase mutations are viral subtype specific and, therefore, cli ... | 2001 | 11779389 |
| influenza diagnosis and treatment: a view from clinical practice. | influenza is a descriptive term for respiratory epidemic disease presenting with cough and fever. influenza viruses are probably the most important of the pathogens that cause this condition. clinical influenza occurs almost every winter in england and wales and the outbreaks last 8-10 weeks. in recent years, influenza b virus outbreaks have occurred in january and february, whereas influenza h3n2 virus outbreaks have generally started long before christmas. influenza h3n2 virus outbreaks pressu ... | 2001 | 11779394 |
| antibody responses to vaccinations given within the first two years after transplant are similar between autologous peripheral blood stem cell and bone marrow transplant recipients. | as a consequence of the significantly larger inoculum of lymphoid cells present in peripheral blood stem cell (pbsc) harvests compared to bone marrow (bm), it is possible that autopbsct recipients may have an earlier and*or enhanced response to vaccines. until data to confirm this become available, the european blood and marrow transplantation association (ebmt) recommend that all transplant recipients be immunized in the same way regardless of stem cell source. we performed a prospective study ... | 2001 | 11781630 |
| [evolution of influenza b viruses at the end of the 20th century]. | influenza b viruses (48 strains) isolated in russia in 1992-2000 have been investigated. the majority (29 strains) were isolated in 1994-1995. the strains were isolated in embryonated eggs and mdck cells. study of their antigenic properties showed that all of them belonged to an evolutionary group b/jamagata/16/88-like viruses. antigenic drift in the hemagglutinin (ha) of epidemic strains isolated in russia was the same as in reference strains of this evolutionary group. ha proteins of isolated ... | 2001 | 11785390 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 1999-2000 season. | influenza activity in the united states increased substantially during mid-december 1999 and appears to have peaked during the weeks ending december 25 (week 51) through january 15 (week 2). predominant viruses isolated this season have been influenza type a(h3n2) viruses, antigenically similar to the viruses that have predominated since the 1997-98 influenza season and were well matched to this season's vaccine. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during october 3,199 ... | 2000 | 11795497 |
| from the centers for disease control. influenza activity--united states, 2001-2002 season. | 2002 | 11797624 | |
| [clinical evaluation of an immunochromatography test for rapid diagnosis of influenza]. | we evaluated a rapid diagnostic kit that detects influenza type a and b viral antigens by immunochromatography, quick vue influenza test (quidel corp., san diego, ca, usa), with 425 specimens collected from patients with influenza-like symptoms at three hospitals between january and march 2001. the specimens included 184 nasal aspirates, 140 nasal swabs, and 101 throat swabs. the test correctly identified 179 of the 204 culture positive specimens and 203 of the 221 culture negative specimens; th ... | 2001 | 11806139 |
| role of picornaviruses in flu-like illnesses of adults enrolled in an oseltamivir treatment study who had no evidence of influenza virus infection. | the primary objective of this study was to determine the role of picornavirus in flu-like episodes (temperature of > or =38.0 degrees c plus one respiratory and one constitutional symptom) among otherwise healthy adults enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized oseltamivir treatment study. combined nasal and pharyngeal swabs were collected at baseline for influenza cultures and picornavirus reverse transcription (rt)-pcr. in addition, acute- and convalescent-serum samples were o ... | 2002 | 11825938 |
| neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of influenza. | the impact of influenza virus infection is estimated to run into billions of dollars worldwide. vaccination plays a key role in prevention; however, vaccines do not provide complete protection against influenza due to the constant mutation of the virus responsible. unlike amantadine and rimantadine, which are only effective against influenza a, the new neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir (relenza), glaxosmithkline) and oseltamivir (tamiflu), gilead/roche) are potent and specific inhibitors of inf ... | 2002 | 11829724 |
| patient perspective on zanamivir in the treatment of influenza. | placebo-controlled clinical studies have shown zanamivir to be an effective treatment of influenza a and influenza b illness. this survey, conducted in france, was done to evaluate patients' perception of zanamivir in clinical practice. between january and mid-april 2000, 271 retail pharmacists gave questionnaires to patients with a prescription for zanamivir to be completed on a voluntary basis. a total of 514 patients returned completed questionnaires, of whom 97 (19%) were considered at high ... | 2002 | 11831842 |
| an open-label comparison of the immunogenicity and tolerability of intranasal and intramuscular formulations of virosomal influenza vaccine in healthy adults. | many intramuscular inactivated influenza vaccines achieve suboptimal results in the prevention of respiratory disease and influenza complications. this has led to the current interest in developing effective oral or intranasal preparations. | 2002 | 11833825 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 2001-02 season. | although influenza activity in the united states remained low from october through mid-january, the number and percentage of specimens testing positive for influenza viruses have increased in recent weeks. laboratory-confirmed influenza infections have been reported from 45 states. the predominant influenza viruses isolated this season have been type a (h3n2) viruses that are well matched by this season's influenza vaccine. this report summarizes u.s. influenza activity from september 30, 2001 t ... | 2002 | 11837911 |
| influenza b infection associated with encephalitis: treatment with oseltamivir. | encephalitis associated with acute influenza infection is unusual in nonepidemic years. a case of a 10-year-old child with influenza b encephalitis and profound weakness who was treated with oseltamivir is presented. this case illustrates several of the unusual findings associated with influenza infections and the result of treatment of influenza b encephalitis with oseltamivir. | 2002 | 11840091 |
| effect of maclorides on duration and resolution of symptoms and complication of pneumonia in children with influenza. | we randomly administered cephalosporins or macrolides to 365 pediatric patients with influenza-like symptoms and compared the clinical course and complication rate of pneumonia. one hundred and fifty-four patients received cephalosporins (group 1) and 211 received macrolides (group 2). there were no significant differences in age, male/female ratio and body weight between the two groups. macrolides alleviated fever significantly faster than cephalospoins (3.8plus minus 1.4 days vs 4.3plus minus ... | 2002 | 11847511 |
| the use of zanamivir to treat influenza a and b infection after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. | the use of zanamivir in seven patients with influenza (three a and four b) post allograft is described. inhaled zanamivir (10 mg twice daily) was continued from the diagnosis of influenza until excretion of virus ceased (median duration 15 days, range 5 to 44 days). there was no toxicity attributable to zanamivir and rapid resolution of influenza symptoms was seen. there was no mortality due to influenza in the seven patients. the good outcome of 30 previous patients with influenza post transpla ... | 2002 | 11850704 |
| the humoral response to live and inactivated influenza vaccines administered alone and in combination to young adults and elderly. | vaccination is the most effective way for prevention of severe influenza infection, but the present vaccines are not very efficient in the elderly. | 2002 | 11856620 |
| supplementation of conventional trivalent influenza vaccine with purified viral n1 and n2 neuraminidases induces a balanced immune response without antigenic competition. | influenza viruses neuraminidase (na) were chromatographically extracted from influenza viruses a/nanchang/933/95 h3(nc)n2(nc) [r] and a/johannesburg/82/96 h1(jh)n1(jh) [r] and used to supplement conventional inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine. immunization of mice with this preparation resulted in high titers of antibodies to both hemagglutinins (ha) and neuraminidases (na); there were no significant differences in the anti-ha antibody titers between the conventional and the supplemented va ... | 2002 | 11858877 |
| detection of type b influenza virus genes from biopsied gastric mucosa. | we previously reported the existence of type b influenza genes in the gastric mucosa of three patients. the purpose of the present study was to further characterize gastric mucosal infection with type b influenza virus, in which the natural host is limited to humans. | 2002 | 11871759 |
| stabilizing cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine under various storage conditions. | various diluents, stabilizers, buffers, and storage conditions were assessed for their efficacy in stabilizing cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine. frozen liquid vaccine formulations, comprised of a normal uninfected allantoic fluid diluent and an spg (sucrose-phosphate-glutamate) stabilizer, generated complete stability of h1n1, h3n2, and type b strains for at least 1 year of storage at -20 degrees c. the ability to store live influenza virus frozen liquid vaccines, at the moderate temperature ... | 2002 | 11879689 |
| recommended composition of influenza virus vaccines for use in the 2002-2003 season. | 2002 | 11883165 | |
| from the centers for disease control. update: influenza activity--united states, 2001-02 season. | 2002 | 11885584 | |
| activity of anthocyanins from fruit extract of ribes nigrum l. against influenza a and b viruses. | earlier, we have detected antiviral activity in an extract from ribes nigrum l. fruits ("kurokarin", name of the one species of black currant in japanese) against influenza a and b viruses, and herpes simplex virus 1 (knox et al., food processing 33, 21-23, 1998). in the present study, the antiviral activity of constituents of a kurokarin extract and the mechanism of its antiviral action were examined. kurokarin extracts were separated to fractions a to d by column chromatography. the major cons ... | 2001 | 11885927 |
| monitoring of influenza in the eiss european network member countries from october 2000 to april 2001. | in countries covered by the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss), the 2000-2001 winter was marked mainly by the spread of influenza a(h1n1) viruses. influenza b, which globally represented a minority of cases, was common later in the season and predominant in great britain, ireland, and portugal. influenza activity was at its maximum during the period of january and february/march 2001 with little time lag between countries (maximum four weeks). overall, the morbidity rates reported wer ... | 2001 | 11891380 |
| recommendations pertaining to the use of viral vaccines: influenza. | 2002 | 11894647 | |
| in vitro characterization of a-315675, a highly potent inhibitor of a and b strain influenza virus neuraminidases and influenza virus replication. | a-315675 is a novel, pyrrolidine-based compound that was evaluated in this study for its ability to inhibit a and b strain influenza virus neuraminidases in enzyme assays and influenza virus replication in cell culture. a-315675 effectively inhibited influenza a n1, n2, and n9 and b strain neuraminidases with inhibitor constant (k(i)) values between 0.024 and 0.31 nm. these values were comparable to or lower than the k(i) values measured for oseltamivir carboxylate (gs4071), zanamivir, and bcx-1 ... | 2002 | 11897583 |
| recurrent pneumonia as warning manifestation for suspecting primary immunodeficiencies in children. | two hundred and eight children with recurrent pneumonia were studied over a 5-year period. among these patients we found 10 cases with primary immunodeficiency disease: 6 cases of iga deficiency, 1 case of x-linked agammaglobulinemia, 1 case of common variable immunodeficiency, 1 case of hyper igm syndrome, and 1 case of wiskott-aldrich syndrome. this study describes the clinical features of these cases and assesses the usefulness of our immunodeficiency screening protocol. in this group 6 were ... | 2001 | 11908819 |
| influenza and current guidelines for its control. | 2001 | 11916174 | |
| origin and evolution of influenza virus hemagglutinin genes. | influenza a, b, and c viruses are the etiological agents of influenza. hemagglutinin (ha) is the major envelope glycoprotein of influenza a and b viruses, and hemagglutinin-esterase (he) in influenza c viruses is a protein homologous to ha. because influenza a virus pandemics in humans appear to occur when new subtypes of ha genes are introduced from aquatic birds that are known to be the natural reservoir of the viruses, an understanding of the origin and evolution of ha genes is of particular ... | 2002 | 11919291 |
| parenteral vaccination against influenza does not induce a local antigen-specific immune response in the nasal mucosa. | the immune response in the nasal mucosa to influenza vaccination in 23 patients scheduled for tonsillectomy was studied. a statistically significant increase in influenza virus-specific serum and oral fluid antibodies was observed 7 days after vaccination. the numbers of influenza virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ascs) in peripheral blood also increased significantly 1 week after vaccination. the numbers of ascs in tonsils and nasal mucosa were compared with data from a recent study of n ... | 2002 | 11920311 |
| fighting the flu. | 2001 | 11930917 | |
| composition of australian influenza vaccine for the 2002 season. | 2002 | 11950207 | |
| update: influenza activity--united states, 2001-02 season. | although data collected from the four components of the cdc influenza surveillance system are preliminary, national influenza activity appears to have peaked during the week ending february 23, 2002 (week 8). during the 2000-01 and 1999-2000 influenza seasons, peak activity occurred during week 4 and week 51, respectively. the viruses most commonly isolated during the 2001-02 season have been influenza a (h3n2). these viruses were well-matched antigenically by the 2001-02 influenza a (h3n2) stra ... | 2002 | 11952280 |
| mixed outbreak of parainfluenza type 1 and influenza b associated with tourism and air travel. | a preseasonal outbreak of influenza-like illness was reported in a tourist group that had returned from ireland to the united states on october 1 and 2, 1999. the authors investigated to determine the timing, extent, and nature of the outbreak. | 2001 | 11962348 |
| evaluation of a single-step multiplex rt-pcr for influenza virus type and subtype detection in respiratory samples. | a single-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the simultaneous detection of influenza virus type and subtypes was evaluated for its use in clinical specimens. one part of each specimen was tested using an established standard culture and/or monoclonal antibody-based immunofluorescence assay method, and the other part was tested by the multiplex rt-pcr method for the presence or absence of the influenza virus, and its type and subtype. sixty-seven specimens ... | 2002 | 11968055 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. update: influenza activity--united states, 2001-02 season. | 2002 | 11977235 | |
| evaluation of the directigen flua+b test for rapid diagnosis of influenza virus type a and b infections. | directigen flua+b (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md.), a new rapid test for the detection of influenza virus types a and b, was evaluated with nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens collected from 250 patients in comparison with culture and direct fluorescent antigen (dfa) detection tests. the patients studied were predominantly children, 80% being </=6 years old. specimens negative by culture but positive by the directigen flua+b or dfa tests were analyzed by reverse transcription-pcr to resolve th ... | 2002 | 11980941 |
| influenza update: vaccine development and clinical trials. | although influenza activity throughout the world has been relatively low during the past year, epidemics of influenza a, in particular, which are caused by new virus variants, continue to be a major public health problem. widespread vaccination is the only rational measure that can be used for the prevention of illness in key risk groups. although current inactivated split/subunit vaccines are reasonably effective, significant improvements have been shown to be possible in the boosting of respon ... | 2002 | 11981310 |
| influenza surveillance with rapid diagnostic tests. | 2002 | 11981745 | |
| viral ion channels: structure and function. | viral ion channels are short auxiliary membrane proteins with a length of ca. 100 amino acids. they are found in enveloped viruses from influenza a, influenza b and influenza c (orthomyxoviridae), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1, retroviridae). the channels are called m2 (influenza a), nb (influenza b), cm2 (influenza c) and vpu (hiv-1). recently, in paramecium bursaria chlorella virus (pbcv-1, phycodnaviridae), a k+ selective ion channel has been discovered. the viral channel ... | 2002 | 11988179 |
| prevention and control of influenza. recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). | this report updates the 2001 recommendations by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (mmwr 2001;50 [no. rr-4]:1-44). the 2002 recommendations include new or updated information regarding 1) the timing of influenza vaccination by risk group; 2) influenza vaccine for children aged 6-23 months; 3) the 2002-2003 trivalent vaccine virus strains: a/moscow/10/99 (h3n2)-like, a/new caledonia/20/99 (h1n1)-like, and b/hong kong ... | 2002 | 12002171 |
| evaluation of diagnostic tests for influenza in a pediatric practice. | recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of influenza virus infections include: (1) rapid bedside diagnosis methods with simple commercially available tests; and (2) food and drug administration approval of treatment for children 1 year of age and older with neuraminidase inhibitor drugs. for proven benefit antivirals should be used within 2 days of onset of symptoms. | 2002 | 12005080 |
| flu in the limelight. | 2002 | 12009266 | |
| utilization of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein levels in the serum as a parameter for in vivo assay of influenza virus inhibitors. | alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (agp), an acute phase protein in serum assayed by single radial immunodiffusion using a commercially available kit, was found to significantly increase in mice infected with influenza a and b viruses. experiments were run to determine the rate of increase of serum agp and its relation to other influenza disease parameters, including lung consolidation, development of lung virus titres, decline in arterial oxygen saturation (sao2), histopathological changes in the lung, ... | 2001 | 12018681 |
| isolation of recent variant influenza types a(h3n2), a (h1n1) & b strains in pune, india. | a total of 293 patients with influenza like illness were investigated during the course of continuous surveillance on influenza in pune, india in 2000. the throat/nasal swab specimens collected from these patients were inoculated in mdck cell culture and influenza types a(h3n2), a(h1n1) and type b strains were isolated. they were identified as similar to the recently prevalent variant strains; a/sydney/05/97(h3n2), a/new caledonia/20/99(h1n1) and b/sichuan/379/99. the latter two were the new var ... | 2001 | 12025254 |
| depression and immunoreactivity in disabled older patients. | 2002 | 12028269 | |
| influenza virus infection, infectious burden, and atherosclerosis. | 2002 | 12052970 | |
| susceptibility of recent canadian influenza a and b virus isolates to different neuraminidase inhibitors. | forty-two influenza a and 23 influenza b isolates collected from untreated subjects during the 1999-2000 influenza season in canada were tested for their susceptibility to three neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir carboxylate and rwj-270201 or bcx-1812) using a chemiluminescent neuraminidase assay. influenza b isolates were less susceptible than a viruses to all tested drugs. rwj-270201 was the most potent drug against both influenza a(h3n2) (mean ic(50): 0.60 nm) and b (mean ic(50) ... | 2002 | 12062387 |
| analysis of the desialidation process of the haemagglutinin protein of influenza b virus: the host-dependent desialidation step. | it was reported previously that haemadsorption by the haemagglutinin (ha) protein of influenza b virus required that the protein must undergo desialidation. when mdck and cos cells were infected with influenza b/kanagawa/73 virus in the presence of a neuraminidase (na) inhibitor, zanamivir, haemadsorption on mdck cells was inhibited but that on cos cells was not. the activity of the na protein of the two types of infected cells was similar and both were inhibited by zanamivir in a dose-dependent ... | 2002 | 12075092 |
| lower respiratory tract infections associated with influenza a and b viruses in an area with a high prevalence of pediatric human immunodeficiency type 1 infection. | despite the high burden of pediatric hiv-1 infection in developing countries, there are few data on the clinical course of influenza virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in these children. | 2002 | 12075759 |
| update: influenza activity--united states and worldwide, 2001-02 season, and composition of the 2002-03 influenza vaccine. | the 2001-02 influenza season in the united states was mild to moderate. influenza a (h3n2) viruses predominated, but influenza b viruses were identified more frequently than influenza a viruses toward the end of the season. worldwide, influenza a (h3n2) and b viruses predominated.this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states (september 30, 2001-may 18, 2002) and worldwide (october-may) during the 2001-02 influenza season and describes the composition of the 2002-03 influenza vac ... | 2002 | 12079247 |
| principles underlying the development and use of live attenuated cold-adapted influenza a and b virus vaccines. | 2002 | 12081014 | |
| quickvue influenza test for rapid detection of influenza a and b viruses in a pediatric population. | the performance of a lateral-flow immunoassay, the quickvue influenza test, for detection of influenza a and b viruses in comparison with that of cell culture was evaluated by using nasopharyngeal aspirates, in viral transport medium, from children with respiratory tract infections. the sensitivity and specificity were 79.2 and 82.6%, respectively. | 2002 | 12093698 |
| bedside diagnosis of influenzavirus infections in hospitalized children. | for preventing nosocomial influenza infections and to facilitate prompt antiviral therapy, an accessible, rapid diagnostic method for influenzavirus is needed. we evaluated the performance of a lateral-flow immunoassay (quickvue influenza test) completed at the bedside of hospitalized children during the influenza season. | 2002 | 12093950 |
| influenza virus infection in adult solid organ transplant recipients. | solid organ transplant (sot) recipients have been reported to be more susceptible to influenza virus. however, little is known about the clinical epidemiology and the implications of influenza viral infection among sot recipients. | 2002 | 12096793 |
| influenza activity in china: 1998-1999. | during 1989-1999, influenza a h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes and b type viruses were still co-circulating in human population in china, while influenza a (h3n2) virus was predominant strain. the two antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of influenza b virus were also still co-circulating in men in southern china. the antigenic analysis indicated that most of the h3n2 viruses were a/panama/2007/99 (h3n2)-like strain, the most of the h1n1 viruses were antigenically similar to a/beijing/262 ... | 2002 | 12110253 |
| synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity of 4-guanidino-7-substituted neu5ac2en derivatives. | substitution of 7-oh by small hydrophobic groups on zanamivir resulted in the retaining of low nanomolar inhibitory activities against not only influenza a virus sialidase but also influenza a virus in cell culture. these compounds were prepared by treatment of the corresponding 7-substituted sialic acids derived from 4-modified n-acetyl-d-mannosamine (mannac) using enzyme-catalyzed aldol condensation. | 2002 | 12113809 |
| human influenza viruses activate an interferon-independent transcription of cellular antiviral genes: outcome with influenza a virus is unique. | we examine the ifn-alpha/beta-independent activation of cellular transcription that constitutes an early antiviral response of cells against influenza a and b viruses, which cause widespread epidemics in humans. we show that influenza b virus induces the synthesis in human cells of several mature mrnas encoded by genes containing an ifn-alpha/beta-stimulated response element (isre). consequently, the ifn regulatory factor-3 transcription factor, which is required for the transcription of isre-co ... | 2002 | 12114540 |
| superoxide anion production by granulocytes incubated with hela 229 cells persistently infected with influenza virus b/lee/40. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether granulocytes can be primed to produce superoxide anion by incubation with cells persistently infected with influenza viruses. | 2002 | 12145537 |
| emergence of an influenza b virus with antigenic change. | influenza b virus yamagata group strains, isolated in the 2000 to 2001 influenza epidemic season, reacted poorly to the polyclonal ferret sera prepared against strains isolated earlier. the results of genetic analysis clarified that a point mutation of the nucleotide at position 126 in the ha1 region and the corresponding one-amino-acid substitution altered viral antigenicity. | 2002 | 12149383 |
| rescue of influenza b virus from eight plasmids. | influenza b virus causes a significant amount of morbidity and mortality, yet the systems to produce high yield inactivated vaccines for these viruses have lagged behind the development of those for influenza a virus. we have established a plasmid-only reverse genetics system for the generation of recombinant influenza b virus that facilitates the generation of vaccine viruses without the need for time consuming coinfection and selection procedures currently required to produce reassortants. we ... | 2002 | 12172012 |
| influenza vaccines in adults. | available influenza vaccines contain inactivated viruses, either whole or in parts, and are administered parenterally or intranasally. their composition varies yearly because of viral antigenic shifts and drifts. vaccines with a composition matching yearly world health organization recommendations are 72% [95% confidence interval (ci) = 54-83%] efficacious (prevention of influenza cases caused by influenza viruses a and b). their effectiveness [capacity to prevent clinical influenza, or influenz ... | 2002 | 12181373 |
| economic analysis of influenza vaccination and antiviral treatment for healthy working adults. | physicians have several treatment options for influenza, including vaccination and various antiviral therapies. however, the optimal influenza prevention and treatment strategy is unknown. | 2002 | 12186512 |
| human metapneumovirus as a cause of community-acquired respiratory illness. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently identified paramyxovirus first isolated from hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti). we sought evidence of hmpv infection in patients who had visited general practitioners, had influenzalike illnesses (ili), and had negative tests for influenza and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). as part of national virologic surveillance, sentinel general practices in england and wales collected samples from patients of all ages ... | 2002 | 12194763 |
| influenza burden of illness: estimates from a national prospective survey of household contacts in france. | the burden of influenza among ambulatory patients is still relatively unknown, although this knowledge is crucial for evaluating strategies against influenza. we estimated the impact of influenza in terms of uncomplicated morbidity and its consequences on health care utilization and lost workdays. | 2002 | 12196082 |
| evaluation of a new dot blot enzyme immunoassay (directigen flu a+b) for simultaneous and differential detection of influenza a and b virus antigens from respiratory samples. | we report a prospective evaluation of a new dot blot enzyme immunoassay (eia) method for the direct, rapid, qualitative, simultaneous, and differential detection of the influenza a (ia) and b (ib) virus antigen in different respiratory samples. the eia method was compared with the shell vial culture system (mdck cell line) used with the same samples. we studied 160 samples from 93 (58.1%) pediatric patients (hospital emergency room) and from 67 (41.9%) adult patients (sentinel network). seventy- ... | 2002 | 12202608 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2001. | surveillance of influenza in australia in 2001 was based on data from national and state-based sentinel practice consultations for influenza-like illness, laboratory isolations of influenza virus and absenteeism rates from a national employer. in 2001, laboratory-confirmed influenza became a notifiable disease and was reported to the national notifiable diseases surveillance system (nndss). influenza a was the dominant type, 81 per cent of which were subtype h1n1 and 19 per cent were subtype h3n ... | 2002 | 12206371 |
| histologic and in situ viral findings in the myocardium in cases of sudden, unexpected death. | the purpose of this study was to do in situ viral detection in myocardial tissues of individuals who suffered sudden unexpected death and to correlate the results with the postmortem histopathologic findings. thirteen cases were identified and the heart tissues were analyzed for adenovirus, cytomegalovirus, epstein barr virus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1), influenza a, influenza b, parvovirus, rotavirus, picornavirus (including separate primers for enterov ... | 2002 | 12218208 |
| additional inhibitory effect of tea extract on the growth of influenza a and b viruses in mdck cells. | it has been previously reported that green-tea extract (gte) inhibits the growth of influenza virus by preventing its adsorption. in this study, we further investigated whether gte exerts an additional inhibitory effect on the acidification of intracellular compartments such as endosomes and lysosomes (referred to as els) and thereby inhibits the growth of influenza a and b viruses in madin-darby canine kidney cells. the vital fluorescence microscopic study showed that gte inhibited acidificatio ... | 2002 | 12222936 |
| dual infection with influenza a and b viruses. | a throat swab from a 7-year-old child with a mild influenza-like illness was cultured for respiratory viruses by standard and rapid plate culture methods. standard culture yielded influenza b, whereas influenza a was obtained from rapid plate culture. testing of the original sample by pcr confirmed the presence of both viruses. a surveillance program (viral watch) for respiratory viruses showed cocirculation of both these viruses in the community during this period. | 2002 | 12233716 |
| the value of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections in lung transplant recipients. | respiratory viruses cause severe infections in lung transplant recipients, which require rapid and accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. | 2002 | 12367651 |