Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| climate change can alter predator-prey dynamics and population viability of prey. | for many organisms, climate change can directly drive population declines, but it is less clear how such variation may influence populations indirectly through modified biotic interactions. for instance, how will climate change alter complex, multi-species relationships that are modulated by climatic variation and that underlie ecosystem-level processes? caribou (rangifer tarandus), a keystone species in newfoundland, canada, provides a useful model for unravelling potential and complex long-ter ... | 2018 | 29167983 |
| expansion of deciduous tall shrubs but not evergreen dwarf shrubs inhibited by reindeer in scandes mountain range. | one of the most palpable effects of warming in arctic ecosystems is shrub expansion above the tree line. however, previous studies have found that reindeer can influence plant community responses to warming and inhibit shrubification of the tundra.we revisited grazed (ambient) and ungrazed study plots (exclosures), at the southern as well as the northern limits of the swedish alpine region, to study long-term grazing effects and vegetation changes in response to increasing temperatures between 1 ... | 2017 | 29200500 |
| challenging anaesthetic management of captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus): report of 4 cases. | four captive reindeer underwent anaesthesia to allow dehorning or drainage of lymph nodes abscessation. premedication was based on xylazine (dose range: 0.075- 0.5 mg/kg, im or iv), with or without ketamine (dose range: 1-2 mg/kg, im or iv), all of which failed to produce effective sedation without side effects. during anaesthesia, 2 reindeer experienced severe hypoxaemia and hypoventilation. recovery was smooth in 3 out 4 animals, but delayed in one reindeer sedated with 0.5 mg/kg of xylazine i ... | 2017 | 29208583 |
| understanding predation risk and individual variation in risk avoidance for threatened boreal caribou. | predation risk is a driver of species' distributions. animals can increase risk avoidance in response to fluctuations in predation risk, but questions remain regarding individual variability and the capacity to respond to changes in spatial risk across human-altered landscapes. in northeast british columbia, canada, boreal caribou populations declined as roads and seismic lines have increased, which are theorized to increase gray wolf predation. our goal was to model risk and to evaluate individ ... | 2017 | 29238553 |
| immune function in arctic mammals: natural killer (nk) cell-like activity in polar bear, muskox and reindeer. | natural killer (nk) cells are a vital part of the rapid and non-specific immune defense against invading pathogens and tumor cells. this study evaluated nk cell-like activity by flow cytometry for the first time in three ecologically and culturally important arctic mammal species: polar bear (ursus maritimus), muskox (ovibos moschatus) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus). nk cell-like activity for all three species was most effective against the mouse lymphoma cell line yac-1, compared to the human ... | 2018 | 29249321 |
| yew (taxus) intoxication in free-ranging cervids. | wild ruminants, including deer species (cervids) have incorrectly been regarded as refractory to yew (taxus) intoxication. this assumption has been based upon anecdotal observations of individual deer browsing on yew over time without apparent adverse effect. a single case of yew intoxication was reported in a free-ranging norwegian moose (alces alces) in 2008. the current report describes five additional cases of yew toxicosis in moose, seven in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and two in reindee ... | 2017 | 29281648 |
| molecular taxonomy and subgeneric classification of tapeworms of the genus moniezia blanchard, 1891 (cestoda, anoplocephalidae) in northern cervids (alces and rangifer). | phylogenetic relationships of tapeworms of the genus moniezia blanchard, 1891 (cestoda, anoplocephalidae) parasitizing the eurasian elk alces alces, the moose a. americanus and the reindeer/caribou rangifer tarandus (cervidae) were studied using dna sequences of two mitochondrial genes (cox1 and nad1). several isolates from domestic ruminants, representing moniezia expansa (rudolphi, 1810) sensu lato and m. benedeni (moniez, 1879) sensu lato, and one unidentified isolate from an african antelope ... | 2017 | 29288139 |
| babesia odocoilei as a cause of mortality in captive cervids in canada. | nine cases of fatal infection with babesia odocoilei were confirmed in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and elk (cervus canadensis) housed in zoological institutions located in southern quebec, ontario, and manitoba, canada between 2013 and 2016. all animals died of a hemolytic crisis. frequent postmortem findings were extensive hemorrhage, pigmenturia, and intrahepatic cholestasis. the described ante- and postmortem signs are consistent with those of previously reported cases in the united ... | 2018 | 29302103 |
| the effects of logging residue extraction for energy on ecosystem services and biodiversity: a synthesis. | we review the consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services from the industrial-scale extraction of logging residues (tops, branches and stumps from harvested trees and small-diameter trees from thinnings) in managed forests. logging residue extraction can replace fossil fuels, and thus contribute to climate change mitigation. the additional biomass and nutrients removed, and soils and other structures disturbed, have several potential environmental impacts. to evaluate potential impacts ... | 2018 | 29309965 |
| bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and alternative halogenated flame retardants in a vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain of the canadian arctic. | the trophodynamics of halogenated flame retardants (hfrs) including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and alternative hfrs were investigated in the terrestrial, vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain in the bathurst region of northern canada. the greatest concentrations in vegetation (geometric mean of lichens, moss, grasses, willow, and mushrooms) were of the order 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether (tbp-ae) (10 ng g-1 lw) > bde47 (5.5 ng g-1 lw) > bde99 (3.9 ng g-1 lw) > bde100 (0.82 ng g-1 lw) ... | 2018 | 29320633 |
| infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semi-domesticated eurasian tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus): microbiological study of clinically affected and unaffected animals with special reference to cervid herpesvirus 2. | infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) is one of the most common ocular diseases in ruminants worldwide. in addition to keratitis and conjunctivitis, animals with ikc can develop uveitis, corneal ulcer, and in severe cases, blindness. the bacteria moraxella spp. has been described as the primary causative agent of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (ibk) in cattle (bos taurus), while chlamydia spp. and mycoplasma conjunctivae are considered the main causative agents of ikc in sheep (ovis arie ... | 2018 | 29338721 |
| amelioration of anti-hepatotoxic effect by lichen rangiferinus against alcohol induced liver damage in rats. | reindeer lichen, lichen rangiferinus syn. or cladonia rangiferina (l.) f. h. wigg. (cladoniaceae) has been traditionally reported as a remedy to treat fever, colds, arthritis as well as convulsions, liver infections, coughs, constipation, and tuberculosis. the current study is aimed at rectification of alcohol induced liver damage by the use of l. rangiferinus extract. | 2020 | 29395895 |
| the chronology of reindeer hunting on norway's highest ice patches. | the melting of perennial ice patches globally is uncovering a fragile record of alpine activity, especially hunting and the use of mountain passes. when rescued by systematic fieldwork (glacial archaeology), this evidence opens an unprecedented window on the chronology of high-elevation activity. recent research in jotunheimen and surrounding mountain areas of norway has recovered over 2000 finds-many associated with reindeer hunting (e.g. arrows). we report the radiocarbon dates of 153 objects ... | 2018 | 29410869 |
| the structure of prpscprions. | prpsc(scrapie isoform of the prion protein) prions are the infectious agent behind diseases such as creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, chronic wasting disease in cervids (deer, elk, moose, and reindeer), as well as goat and sheep scrapie. prpscis an alternatively folded variant of the cellular prion protein, prpc, which is a regular, gpi-anchored protein that is present on the cell surface of neurons and other cell types. while the structure of prpci ... | 2018 | 29414853 |
| spatiotemporal heterogeneity in prey abundance and vulnerability shapes the foraging tactics of an omnivore. | prey abundance and prey vulnerability vary across space and time, but we know little about how they mediate predator-prey interactions and predator foraging tactics. to evaluate the interplay between prey abundance, prey vulnerability and predator space use, we examined patterns of black bear (ursus americanus) predation of caribou (rangifer tarandus) neonates in newfoundland, canada using data from 317 collared individuals (9 bears, 34 adult female caribou, 274 caribou calves). during the carib ... | 2018 | 29450888 |
| implementing a novel movement-based approach to inferring parturition and neonate caribou calf survival. | in ungulates, parturition is correlated with a reduction in movement rate. with advances in movement-based technologies comes an opportunity to develop new techniques to assess reproduction in wild ungulates that are less invasive and reduce biases. demars et al. (2013, ecology and evolution 3:4149-4160) proposed two promising new methods (individual- and population-based; the demars model) that use gps inter-fix step length of adult female caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) to infer parturitio ... | 2018 | 29466451 |
| orf virus infection in alaskan mountain goats, dall's sheep, muskoxen, caribou and sitka black-tailed deer. | the zoonotic orf virus (orfv; genus parapoxvirus, poxviridae family) occurs worldwide and is transmitted between sheep and goats, wildlife and man. archived tissue samples from 16 alaskan wildlife cases, representing mountain goat (oreamnos americanus, n = 8), dall's sheep (ovis dalli dalli, n = 3), muskox (ovibos moschatus, n = 3), sitka black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus sitkensis, n = 1) and caribou (rangifer tarandus granti, n = 1), were analyzed. | 2018 | 29467004 |
| parasite prevalence, infection intensity and richness in an endangered population, the atlantic-gaspésie caribou. | the atlantic-gaspésie caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) population is a small isolated relict herd considered endangered according to the canadian species at risk act (sara). this population has low recruitment and survival rates but the potential role of parasites on individual fitness is unknown. in this context, we explored the parasite status of this population with the aim of 1) assessing the occurrence and intensity of parasite infections and the spatial, temporal and individual variatio ... | 2018 | 29487799 |
| perfluoroalkyl substances in adolescents in northern norway: lifestyle and dietary predictors. the tromsø study, fit futures 1. | perfluoroalkyl substances (pfass) are environmentally persistent chemicals widely used in many consumer products due to water and oil proofing and fire-resistant properties. several pfass are recognized as environmental pollutants. this study investigated serum concentrations of 18 different pfass and their associations with diet and lifestyle variables in 940 adolescents (age 15-19 years) who participated in the fit futures 1 study in the troms arctic district of norway. serum concentrations of ... | 2018 | 29500988 |
| a teat papillomatosis case in a damascus goat (shami goat) in hatay province, turkey: a new putative papillomavirus? | papillomaviruses (pvs) are epitheliotropic viruses that cause benign proliferative lesions in the skin (warts or papillomas) and mucous membranes of their natural hosts. recently, new pvs have been found in many animal species. the most common current approach for identifying novel pv types is based on pcr, using various consensus or degenerated primer (broad-range primers), designed on the basis of the multiple alignment of nucleotide or amino acid sequences of a large number of different human ... | 2018 | 29502149 |
| undermining subsistence: barren-ground caribou in a "tragedy of open access". | sustaining arctic/subarctic ecosystems and the livelihoods of northern indigenous peoples is an immense challenge amid increasing resource development. the paper describes a "tragedy of open access" occurring in canada's north as governments open up new areas of sensitive barren-ground caribou habitat to mineral resource development. once numbering in the millions, barren-ground caribou populations (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus/rangifer tarandus granti) have declined over 70% in northern cana ... | 2018 | 29503864 |
| are reindeer a significant carrier of disease-causing ticks? | 2018 | 29508073 | |
| the narrow gap between norms and cooperative behaviour in a reindeer herding community. | cooperation evolves on social networks and is shaped, in part, by norms: beliefs and expectations about the behaviour of others or of oneself. networks of cooperative social partners and associated norms are vital for pastoralists, such as saami reindeer herders in northern norway. however, little is known quantitatively about how norms structure pastoralists' social networks or shape cooperation. saami herders reported their social networks and participated in field experiments, allowing us to ... | 2018 | 29515842 |
| on the crucial importance of a small bird: the ecosystem services of the little auk (alle alle) population in northwest greenland in a long-term perspective. | the little auk is the most numerous seabird in the north atlantic and its most important breeding area is the eastern shores of the north water polynya. here, a population of an estimated 33 million pairs breeds in huge colonies and significantly shapes the ecosystem. archaeological remains in the colonies document that the little auk has been harvested over millennia. anthropological research discloses how the little auk has a role both as social engineer and as a significant resource for the i ... | 2018 | 29516440 |
| entheseal changes and pathological lesions in draught reindeer skeletons - four case studies from present-day siberia. | draught use and being ridden often result in typical pathological patterns in animal skeletons. moreover, physical activity patterns may be reflected in bone biomechanical properties and entheseal changes at muscle attachment sites. this paper presents the pathologies and entheseal changes observed in four draught and/or racing reindeer skeletons against information on their life histories and discusses the probability of linking the observed changes to their use. the results of this study are a ... | 2016 | 29539533 |
| sámi youth health, the role of climate change, and unique health-seeking behaviour. | the goal of this cross-sectional qualitative study was to assess the impact of climate change on sámi youth health, health care access, and health-seeking behaviour. indigenous research methodology served as the basis of the investigation which utilised focus groups of youths and one-on-one interviews of adult community leaders using a semi-structured, open-ended questions. the results of the focus groups and interviews were then analysed to identify trends. we found that sámi youth mostly assoc ... | 2018 | 29564970 |
| disentangling social interactions and environmental drivers in multi-individual wildlife tracking data. | while many animal species exhibit strong conspecific interactions, movement analyses of wildlife tracking datasets still largely focus on single individuals. multi-individual wildlife tracking studies provide new opportunities to explore how individuals move relative to one another, but such datasets are frequently too sparse for the detailed, acceleration-based analytical methods typically employed in collective motion studies. here, we address the methodological gap between wildlife tracking d ... | 2018 | 29581392 |
| inferring the rules of social interaction in migrating caribou. | social interactions are a significant factor that influence the decision-making of species ranging from humans to bacteria. in the context of animal migration, social interactions may lead to improved decision-making, greater ability to respond to environmental cues, and the cultural transmission of optimal routes. despite their significance, the precise nature of social interactions in migrating species remains largely unknown. here we deploy unmanned aerial systems to collect aerial footage of ... | 2018 | 29581404 |
| integrating data from multiple sources for insights into demographic processes: simulation studies and proof of concept for hierarchical change-in-ratio models. | we developed a model for estimating demographic rates and population abundance based on multiple data sets revealing information about population age- and sex structure. such models have previously been described in the literature as change-in-ratio models, but we extend the applicability of the models by i) using time series data allowing the full temporal dynamics to be modelled, by ii) casting the model in an explicit hierarchical modelling framework, and by iii) estimating parameters based o ... | 2018 | 29596430 |
| occurrence of quinolone resistant e. coli originating from different animal species in norway. | the aim of this study was to describe and compare the occurrence of quinolone resistant escherichia coli (qrec) in various animal species in relation to human population density. data from the norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in feed, food and animals from 2006 to 2016 was compiled and analysed. in total, 4568 e. coli isolates were included in this study. the isolates originated from broilers, layers, cattle, turkeys, dogs, wild birds, red foxes, reindeer, sheep, horse ... | 2018 | 29615252 |
| svalbard reindeer as an indicator of ecosystem changes in the arctic terrestrial ecosystem. | over the years, noticeable effort has been directed towards contaminant determination in multiple biotic samples collected from the inhabitants of the arctic. little consideration has been given to polar herbivores, however, especially those from the european parts of the arctic. to provide a broader perspective, we aimed to decipher trace element concentration in hairs of the key species in the arctic, namely the svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus), and to recognise whether diet ... | 2018 | 29621677 |
| molecular characterization and expression patterns of ghrelin in the reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (gh)-releasing peptide, which has been identified as an endogenous ligand for the gh-sretagogue receptor. the sequence and expression of ghrelin has been determined in many species. in this study, to reveal the molecular characterization and expression patterns of ghrelin in the reindeer (rangifer tarandus), the full-length dna and cdna encoding ghrelin were cloned from reindeer stomach using genome walking and rapid amplification of complementary deoxyribonucle ... | 2018 | 29624010 |
| paleoparasitology and pathoecology in russia: investigations and perspectives. | russia, both as the ussr and the russian federation, provided a source of parasitological theory for decades. a key figure in russian parasitology was yevgeny pavlovsky. he developed the nidus concept of pavlovsky provided the conceptual basis for the field of pathoecology. he also coined the term "paleoparasitology". pathoecology is a foundation concept in archaeological parasitology. paleoparasitology, as defined by pavlovsky, is an avenue for understanding of host parasite evolution over very ... | 2018 | 29631124 |
| low sequence diversity of the prion protein gene (prnp) in wild deer and goat species from spain. | the first european cases of chronic wasting disease (cwd) in free-ranging reindeer and wild elk were confirmed in norway in 2016 highlighting the urgent need to understand transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tses) in the context of european deer species and the many individual populations throughout the european continent. the genetics of the prion protein gene (prnp) are crucial in determining the relative susceptibility to tses. to establish prnp gene sequence diversity for free-ranging ... | 2018 | 29631620 |
| genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the only population of aoluguya reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in china. | aoluguya reindeer is the only reindeer species in china and currently approximately 1000 aoluguya reindeer remain semi-domesticated. a relative low diversity estimate was found by investigating genetic variability and demographic history of its population. mismatch distribution curve of its nucleotide sequences and neutral test indicate its population has not experienced expansion. genetic diversity and population structure were also analysed by using its mtdna and microsatellites technology. st ... | 2019 | 29658380 |
| natural regeneration on seismic lines influences movement behaviour of wolves and grizzly bears. | across the boreal forest of canada, habitat disturbance is the ultimate cause of caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) declines. habitat restoration is a focus of caribou recovery efforts, with a goal to finding ways to reduce predator use of disturbances, and caribou-predator encounters. one of the most pervasive disturbances within caribou ranges in alberta, canada are seismic lines cleared for energy exploration. seismic lines facilitate predator movement, and although vegetation on some seismi ... | 2018 | 29659615 |
| butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine for the immobilization of captive caribou ( rangifer tarandus granti) in alaska, usa. | a combination of butorphanol-azaperone-medetomidine was used to immobilize four captive caribou ( rangifer tarandus granti) in palmer, alaska, us. the average induction time for this combination was 5:17±2:06 min. inductions were smooth, and recoveries were excellent. this drug combination may provide an alternative to the use of potent opioids for immobilizing caribou. | 2018 | 29671713 |
| economic analysis of threatened species conservation: the case of woodland caribou and oilsands development in alberta, canada. | tradeoffs between cost and recovery targets for boreal caribou herds, threatened species in alberta, canada, are examined using a dynamic cost minimization model. unlike most approaches used for minimizing costs of achieving threatened species targets, we incorporate opportunity costs of surface (forests) and subsurface resources (energy) as well as direct costs of conservation (habitat restoration and direct predator control), into a forward looking model of species protection. opportunity cost ... | 2018 | 29674158 |
| winter and spring climatic conditions influence timing and synchrony of calving in reindeer. | in a context of climate change, a mismatch has been shown to occur between some species' reproductive phenology and their environment. so far, few studies have either documented temporal trends in calving phenology or assessed which climatic variables influence the calving phenology in ungulate species, yet the phenology of ungulates' births affects offspring survival and population's recruitment rate. using a long-term dataset (45 years) of birth dates of a semi-domesticated reindeer population ... | 2018 | 29694410 |
| mineral licks as environmental reservoirs of chronic wasting disease prions. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of deer, elk, moose, and reindeer (cervids) caused by misfolded prion proteins. the disease has been reported across north america and recently discovered in northern europe. transmission of cwd in wild cervid populations can occur through environmental routes, but limited ability to detect prions in environmental samples has prevented the identification of potential transmission "hot spots". we establish widespread cwd prion con ... | 2018 | 29719000 |
| application of a weight of evidence approach to evaluating risks associated with subsistence caribou consumption near a lead/zinc mine. | overland transport of ore concentrate from the red dog lead/zinc mine in northwest alaska to its seaport has historically raised concerns among local subsistence users regarding the potential impacts of fugitive dust from the operation, including the potential uptake of metals into caribou meat. caribou are an integral part of life for northern alaska natives for both subsistence and cultural reasons. the western arctic caribou herd, whose range includes the red dog mine, transportation corridor ... | 2018 | 29734611 |
| sika deer (cervus nippon)-specific real-time pcr method to detect fraudulent labelling of meat and meat products. | since game meat is more valuable and expensive than meat from domesticated animal species it is a potential target for adulteration. analytical methods must allow the identification and quantification of meat species to be applicable for the detection of fraudulent labelling. we developed a real-time pcr assay for the authentication of sika deer (cervus nippon) and products thereof. the primer/probe system amplifies a 71 bp fragment of the kappa-casein precursor gene. since the target sequence c ... | 2018 | 29739996 |
| motorized activity on legacy seismic lines: a predictive modeling approach to prioritize restoration efforts. | natural regeneration of seismic lines, cleared for hydrocarbon exploration, is slow and often hindered by vegetation damage, soil compaction, and motorized human activity. there is an extensive network of seismic lines in western canada which is known to impact forest ecosystems, and seismic lines have been linked to declines in woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou). seismic line restoration is costly, but necessary for caribou conservation to reduce cumulative disturbance. understanding ... | 2018 | 29752497 |
| foodborne and waterborne illness among canadian indigenous populations: a scoping review. | indigenous populations are often at higher risk for foodborne illness than the general canadian population. | 2017 | 29770041 |
| food in rural northern norway in relation to sami ethnicity: the saminor 2 clinical survey. | to estimate current food intake in the population of northern norway and to investigate the impact of self-perceived sami ethnicity and region of residence on food intake. | 2018 | 29808789 |
| herding ecologies and ongoing plant domestication processes in the americas. | understanding both domestication processes and agricultural practices is an interdisciplinary endeavor. ethnographic research is potentially helpful for reconstructing past events. such knowledge is also crucial for documenting the links between biological and cultural diversity, as well as for future purposes such as innovation in food production and sustainability. here, we review six ethnographic case studies in different pastoral socioecological systems of the american continent. the livesto ... | 2018 | 29868099 |
| chronic wasting disease: an evolving prion disease of cervids. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a relatively new and burgeoning prion epidemic of deer, elk, reindeer, and moose, which are members of the cervid family. while the disease was first described in captive deer, its subsequent discovery in various species of free-ranging animals makes it the only currently recognized prion disorder of both wild and farmed animals. in addition to its expanding range of host species, cwd continues to spread from north america to new geographic areas, including south ... | 2018 | 29887133 |
| radiation doses from the norwegian diet. | ingestion doses between and within countries are expected to vary significantly due to differences in dietary habits and geographical variations in radionuclide concentrations. this paper presents the most comprehensive assessment to date of the effective radiation dose from the norwegian diet, from natural as well as anthropogenic radionuclides. ingestion doses to the norwegian public are calculated using national dietary statistics and the most relevant radionuclide concentration data for the ... | 2018 | 29905595 |
| post-glacial recolonization of insular newfoundland across the strait of belle isle gave rise to an endemic subspecies of woodland caribou, rangifer tarandus terranovae (bangs, 1896): evidence from mtdna haplotypes. | post-glacial origins of woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus subsp.) on the island of newfoundland and their relationship to mainland populations have been uncertain. sequence analysis of 2223 bp of the mitochondrial dna control region and cytochrome b gene from 233 newfoundland caribou identified 32 haplotypes in four major clades. comparison with other nearctic caribou confirms a closer affinity of the basal clade a with animals from the mainland, and as an outgroup to clades b, c, and d that a ... | 2018 | 29913080 |
| woodland caribou habitat selection patterns in relation to predation risk and forage abundance depend on reproductive state. | the ideal free distribution assumes that animals select habitats that are beneficial to their fitness. when the needs of dependent offspring differ from those of the parent, ideal habitat selection patterns could vary with the presence or absence of offspring. we test whether habitat selection depends on reproductive state due to top-down or bottom-up influences on the fitness of woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), a threatened, wide-ranging herbivore. we combined established methods o ... | 2018 | 29938099 |
| participatory environmental governance of infrastructure projects affecting reindeer husbandry in the arctic. | several infrastructure projects are under development or already operational across the arctic region. often the deployment of such projects creates benefits at the national, regional, or global scales. however, local communities can experience negative impacts due to the requirements for extensive land areas, which cause pressure on traditional land use. public participation in environmental planning such as environmental impact assessment (eia) enables local communities to provide feedback on ... | 2018 | 29940515 |
| assessing the effects of fire disturbances and timber management on carbon storage in the greater yellowstone ecosystem. | accurate characterization of carbon (c) consequences of forest disturbances and management is critical for informed climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. while research into generalized properties of the forest c cycle informs policy and provides abstract guidance to managers, most management occurs at local scales and relies upon monitoring systems that can consistently provide c cycle assessments that explicitly apply to a defined time and place. we used an inventory-based forest monit ... | 2018 | 29947968 |
| origins and wanderings of the finnish hunting spitzes. | deducing the evolutionary histories of dog breeds can be challenging due to convergent traits and frequent admixture. in this report, we have explored the relationships of indigenous finnish hunting spitz breeds among other northern eurasian hunting breeds using commercially available snp analysis (the mydogdna panel test). we find that nordic hunting breeds finnish spitz, nordic spitz and the karelian bear dog, as well as the reindeer herding lapphund and lapponian herder are all closely relate ... | 2018 | 29958296 |
| macro-microscopic research in reideer (rangifer tarandus) hoof suitable for efficient locomotion on complex grounds. | reindeer are adapted to long distance migration. this species can cope with variations in substrate, especially in ice and snow environment. however, few detailed studies about reindeer hoof are available. thus this article describes the results of studies on macro- and micro-structures of reindeer hoof. | 2017 | 29978077 |
| temperature-dependent development and freezing survival of protostrongylid nematodes of arctic ungulates: implications for transmission. | umingmakstrongylus pallikuukensis and varestrongylus eleguneniensis are two potentially pathogenic lungworms of caribou and muskoxen in the canadian arctic. these parasites are currently undergoing northward range expansion at differential rates. it is hypothesized that their invasion and spread to the canadian arctic archipelago are in part driven by climate warming. however, very little is known regarding their physiological ecology, limiting our ability to parameterize ecological models to te ... | 2018 | 29986762 |
| a reindeer cull to prevent chronic wasting disease in europe. | 2018 | 29988166 | |
| parallel evolution of site-specific changes in divergent caribou lineages. | the parallel evolution of phenotypes or traits within or between species provides important insight into the basic mechanisms of evolution. genetic and genomic advances have allowed investigations into the genetic underpinnings of parallel evolution and the independent evolution of similar traits in sympatric species. parallel evolution may best be exemplified among species where multiple genetic lineages, descended from a common ancestor, colonized analogous environmental niches, and converged ... | 2018 | 29988428 |
| susceptibility of human prion protein to conversion by chronic wasting disease prions. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a contagious and fatal neurodegenerative disease and a serious animal health issue for deer and elk in north america. the identification of the first cases of cwd among free-ranging reindeer and moose in europe brings back into focus the unresolved issue of whether cwd can be zoonotic like bovine spongiform encephalopathy. we used a cell-free seeded protein misfolding assay to determine whether cwd prions from elk, white-tailed deer, and reindeer in north america ... | 2018 | 30014840 |
| metapodials of ancient bison (bison priscus) of northeast russia: "stress markers," sex and withers height. | a total of 175 metapodials (mp) of pleistocene and early holocene bison (bison priscus boj.) from the vast area of northeast russia were studied. mp were attributed to males and females both visually and statistically. data on the withers height of bison from northeast russia are provided. stress markers were recorded, including so-called "buttresses." with rare exceptions, stress markers were not of a pathological nature. the origin and development of the buttresses are age-related; their preva ... | 2019 | 30019862 |
| special delivery: scavengers direct seed dispersal towards ungulate carcasses. | cadaver decomposition islands around animal carcasses can facilitate establishment of various plant life. facultative scavengers have great potential for endozoochory, and often aggregate around carcasses. hence, they may disperse plant seeds that they ingest across the landscape towards cadaver decomposition islands. here, we demonstrate this novel mechanism along a gradient of wild tundra reindeer carcasses. first, we show that the spatial distribution of scavenger faeces (birds and foxes) was ... | 2018 | 30111659 |
| caribou (rangifer tarandus) and inuit nutrition security in canada. | caribou (rangifer tarandus) has been fundamental to the diet and culture of arctic indigenous peoples for thousands of years. although caribou populations observe natural cycles of abundance and scarcity, several caribou herds across the circumpolar north have experienced dramatic declines in recent decades due to a range of interrelated factors. broadly, the objectives of this study are to examine food and nutrition security in relation to wildlife population and management status across inuit ... | 2018 | 30116999 |
| local land use associated with socio-economic development in six arctic regions. | the socioeconomic causes of land use change are complex. they are highly context dependent, but most often studied through case studies. here, we use a quasi-experimental paired block design to investigate whether better access to wage income leads to more visible land use around 28 settlements in six regions of the circumpolar arctic. we mapped visible land use on high-resolution satellite images taken both close to the settlements, and in a more remote area of extensive land use, and payed spe ... | 2019 | 30182248 |
| ecology of animal migration. | billions of animals are adapted to a travelling life, making regular return migrations between more or less distant living stations on earth by swimming, flying, running or walking (figure 1). extremely long migrations are completed annually by whales between calving areas in warmer waters and feeding areas at higher latitudes in either hemisphere. the longest oceanic migrations among sea turtles and fish are often undertaken by younger immature individuals during a period of several years befor ... | 2018 | 30205072 |
| in the light of change: a mixed methods investigation of climate perceptions and the instrumental record in northern sweden. | significant climate change in the arctic has been observed by indigenous peoples and reported in scientific literature, but there has been little research comparing these two knowledge bases. in this study, sami reindeer herder interviews and observational weather data were combined to provide a comprehensive description of climate changes in northern sweden. the interviewees described warmer winters, shorter snow seasons and cold periods, and increased temperature variability. weather data supp ... | 2018 | 30220761 |
| cadmium exposure in first nations communities of the northwest territories, canada: smoking is a greater contributor than consumption of cadmium-accumulating organ meats. | traditional food consumption among northern populations is associated with improved nutrition but occasionally can also increase contaminant exposure. high levels of cadmium in the organs of moose from certain regions of the northwest territories, canada, led to the release of consumption notices. these notices recommended that individuals limit their consumption of kidney and liver from moose harvested from the southern mackenzie mountain. a human biomonitoring project was designed to better ch ... | 2018 | 30221302 |
| brucella infection at cardiac pacemaker site in a patient who had consumed raw caribou meat in northern canada. | 2018 | 30224443 | |
| distribution and genetic diversity of blastocystis subtypes in various mammal and bird species in northeastern china. | blastocystis is one of the most common intestinal parasites in humans and animals worldwide. at least 17 subtypes have been identified in mammals and birds. in china, although some studies have reported the occurrence of blastocystis in humans and animals, our understanding of the role of animals in the transmission of human blastocystosis is only superficial due to a paucity of available molecular data. the aim of the present study was to understand infection rates of blastocystis and the distr ... | 2018 | 30236147 |
| a brief review-epr dosimetry and the use of animal teeth as dosimeters. | the technique of electron paramagnetic resonance dosimetry using tooth enamel was established in the late 1960s, and considerable research has been conducted to learn more about the benefits of using human teeth as dosimeters for the purpose of retrospective dose reconstruction. comparatively few studies have been done which have investigated animal teeth for the same purpose. the potential exists for utilizing animal teeth as dosimeters to reconstruct doses received by a species, as well as by ... | 2018 | 30260850 |
| circadian rhythmicity persists through the polar night and midnight sun in svalbard reindeer. | studies of locomotor activity in svalbard reindeer reported the temporary absence of diel rhythms under arctic photic conditions. however, using lomb-scargle periodogram analyses with high statistical power we found diel or circadian rhythmicity throughout the entire year in measures of behaviour, temperature in the rumen and heart rate in free-living svalbard reindeer. significant diel rhythmicity was only lacking during some of the 15-day intervals analysed in the less frequently measured hear ... | 2018 | 30262810 |
| the left temporal pole is a convergence region mediating the relation between names and semantic knowledge for unique entities: further evidence from a "recognition-from-name" study in neurological patients. | prior research has implicated the left temporal pole (ltp) as a critical region for naming semantically unique items, including famous faces, landmarks, and musical melodies. most studies have used a confrontation naming paradigm, where a participant is presented with a stimulus and asked to retrieve its name. we have proposed previously that the ltp functions as a two-way, bidirectional convergence region brokering between conceptual knowledge and proper names for unique entities. under this hy ... | 2018 | 30273798 |
| survey of arctic alaskan wildlife for influenza a antibodies: limited evidence for exposure of mammals. | influenza a viruses (iavs) are maintained in wild waterbirds and have the potential to infect a broad range of species, including wild mammals. the arctic coastal plain of alaska supports a diverse suite of species, including waterfowl that are common hosts of iavs. mammals co-occur with geese and other migratory waterbirds during the summer breeding season, providing a plausible mechanism for interclass transmission of iavs. to estimate iav seroprevalence and identify the subtypes to which gees ... | 2019 | 30289331 |
| a determinants of health conceptual model for fish and wildlife health. | our objectives were to establish if the determinant of health model used in the fields of human population and public health could be adapted to wildlife health; if it was applicable to more than one species; and if it reflected how fish and wildlife managers conceptualized health in practice. a conceptual model was developed using a scoping review on fish and wildlife health and resilience coupled with a participatory process with experts on barren ground caribou ( rangifer tarandus groenlandic ... | 2019 | 30289339 |
| [the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among residents of the russian far north]. | to study the frequency of respiratory symptoms among the reindeer herders of the yamal region in the far north of russia. we conducted a cross-sectional study of the occurrence of respiratory symptoms among 500 subjects of the tundra nenets population (28.1% of the adult nenets population in the district), of which 38.3% were men and 61.7% women (average age 40.1 years). all patients were matched for age and occupation. medical examination was carried out by a pulmonologist with the use of the g ... | 2018 | 30303360 |
| the importance of considering multiple interacting species for conservation of species at risk. | conservation of species at risk of extinction is complex and multifaceted. however, mitigation strategies are typically narrow in scope, an artifact of conservation research that is often limited to a single species or stressor. knowledge of an entire community of strongly interacting species would greatly enhance the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of conservation decisions. we investigated how camera trapping and spatial count models, an extension of spatial-recapture models for unmarked p ... | 2019 | 30306635 |
| molecular detection of babesia odocoilei in wild, farmed, and zoo cervids in ontario, canada. | babesia odocoilei, a tick-borne protozoan hemoparasite of white-tailed deer ( odocoileus virginianus), is being increasingly recognized as a cause of disease in captive cervids in north america. historically endemic in white-tailed deer, the natural wildlife reservoir in the southeastern us, b. odocoilei has been recently associated with hemolytic anemia in captive eurasian tundra reindeer ( rangifer tarandus tarandus), wapiti ( cervus canadensis), and woodland caribou ( rangifer tarandus caribo ... | 2019 | 30339101 |
| biased estimation of trends in cohort effects: the problems with age-period-cohort models in ecology. | environmental variation can generate life-long similarities among individuals born in the same breeding event, so-called cohort effects. studies of cohort effects have to account for the potentially confounding effects of current conditions (observation year) and age of individuals. however, estimation of such models is hampered by inherent collinearity, as age is the difference between observation year (period) and cohort year. the difficulties of separating linear trends in any of the three va ... | 2018 | 30347112 |
| the holistic effects of climate change on the culture, well-being, and health of the saami, the only indigenous people in the european union. | (1) to develop a framework for understanding the holistic effects of climate change on the saami people; (2) to summarize the scientific evidence about the primary, secondary, and tertiary effects of climate change on saami culture and sápmi region; and (3) to identify gaps in the knowledge of the effects of climate change on health and well-being of the saami. | 2018 | 30350264 |
| annual variability of heavy metal content in svalbard reindeer faeces as a result of dietary preferences. | during both winter and summer, svalbard reindeer selectively feed on different types of vegetation that are not only a source of nutritional value, but also a place of heavy metal accumulation. in the present study, the content of cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, manganese, and zinc in reindeer excrement was measured. the main aims were to determine the seasonal content of several heavy metals in svalbard reindeer faeces, and to compare their values in terms of dietary preferences ... | 2018 | 30377969 |
| out of sight of wind turbines-reindeer response to wind farms in operation. | to meet the expanding land use required for wind energy development, a better understanding of the effects on terrestrial animals' responses to such development is required. using gps-data from 50 freely ranging female reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in the malå reindeer herding community, sweden, we determined reindeer calving sites and estimated reindeer habitat selection using resource selection functions (rsf). rsfs were estimated at both second- (selection of home range) and third-order (selec ... | 2018 | 30386585 |
| recombinant prion protein vaccination of transgenic elk prp mice and reindeer overcomes self-tolerance and protects mice against chronic wasting disease. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that affects cervids in north america and now europe. no effective measures are available to control cwd. we hypothesized that active vaccination with homologous and aggregation-prone recombinant prion protein (prp) could overcome self-tolerance and induce autoantibody production against the cellular isoform of prp (prpc), which would be protective against cwd infection from peripheral routes. five groups of transgenic mice expre ... | 2018 | 30397182 |
| compensatory conservation measures for an endangered caribou population under climate change. | future human land use and climate change may disrupt movement behaviors of terrestrial animals, thereby altering the ability of individuals to move across a landscape. some of the expected changes result from processes whose effects will be difficult to alter, such as global climate change. we present a novel framework in which we use models to (1) identify the ecological changes from these difficult-to-alter processes, as well as (2) the potential conservation measures that are best able to com ... | 2018 | 30401921 |
| the annual, temporal and spatial pattern of setaria tundra outbreaks in finnish reindeer: a mechanistic transmission model approach. | in northern finland (lapland), reindeer are reared as semi-domesticated animals. the region has a short summer season of 2-3 months, yet reindeer are infected with the mosquito-borne filarioid parasite setaria tundra. the infection causes peritonitis and perihepatitis, which cause significant economic losses due to reduced body weight of infected animals. the objective of this study was to: (i) describe the spatial and temporal pattern of outbreaks in three different areas across finnish lapland ... | 2018 | 30415639 |
| novel type of chronic wasting disease detected in moose (alces alces), norway. | chronic wasting disease (cwd) persists in cervid populations of north america and in 2016 was detected for the first time in europe in a wild reindeer in norway. we report the detection of cwd in 3 moose (alces alces) in norway, identified through a large scale surveillance program. the cases occurred in 13-14-year-old female moose, and we detected an abnormal form of prion protein (prpsc) in the brain but not in lymphoid tissues. immunohistochemistry revealed that the moose shared the same neur ... | 2018 | 30457526 |
| mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in wildlife species beyond subfamily caprinae. | elucidating the emergence of mycoplasma ovipneumoniae-associated respiratory disease in ruminants requires identification of the pathogen host range. this bacterium was thought to be host restricted to subfamily caprinae, but we describe its identification in healthy moose, caribou, and mule deer and diseased mule and white-tailed deer, all species in subfamily capreolinae. | 2018 | 30457547 |
| chemical characterization of the milk oligosaccharides of some artiodactyla species including giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis), sitatunga (tragelaphus spekii), deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) and water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). | mammalian milk/colostrum usually contains oligosaccharides along with the predominant disaccharide lactose. it has been found that the number and identity of these milk oligosaccharides varies among mammalian species. oligosaccharides predominate over lactose in the milk/colostrum of arctoidea species (carnivora), whereas lactose predominates over milk oligosaccharides in artiodactyla including cow, sheep, goat, camel, reindeer and pig. to clarify whether heterogeneity of a variety of milk oligo ... | 2018 | 30467790 |
| soil humic acids degrade cwd prions and reduce infectivity. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), an environmentally transmissible, fatal prion disease is endemic in north america, present in south korea and has recently been confirmed in northern europe. the expanding geographic range of this contagious disease of free-ranging deer, moose, elk and reindeer has resulted in increasing levels of prion infectivity in the environment. soils are involved in cwd horizontal transmission, acting as an environmental reservoir, and soil mineral and organic compounds have ... | 2018 | 30496301 |
| identification of velvet antler and its mixed varieties by uplc-qtof-ms combined with principal component analysis. | many species of velvet antler have been used as traditional medicine for thousands of years; however, as medicinal materials, velvet antler derived from different animals have different clinical effects. to distinguish the differences and homologies, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple-time of flight mass spectrometry (uplc-qtof-ms) coupled with principal component analysis (pca) was developed and applied to identify these antler samples derived from cervus nippon temminck, cervus ... | 2019 | 30500596 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of domestic and wild reindeer (rangifer tarandus l. 1758): a novel approach using bovinehd beadchip. | reindeer (rangifer tarandus l. 1758) are an essential element of the russian far north, providing a significant source of nutrition for the representatives of 18 ethnicities. the species has wild and domestic forms, which are in constant interaction. the aim of our study was to characterize the genetic structure of domestic and wild reindeer populations, using a genome-wide bovine genotyping array (bovinehd beadchip). the wild reindeer samples were obtained from the western taymyr peninsula popu ... | 2018 | 30500861 |
| snow and reindeer: large tricuspid valve mobile vegetation. | a 20-year-old female with history of polysubstance abuse presented with fevers and lightheadness. blood cultures grew out streptococcus constellatus, which is known to form purulent infections when introduced in the body. evaluation with transesophageal echocardiogram showed a definite large, irregular, loosely organized, highly mobile vegetation. | 2018 | 30504520 |
| genome sequence of a single-stranded dna virus identified in gila monster feces. | the gila monster (heloderma suspectum) is native to the sonoran desert. metagenomic analyses of a gila monster fecal sample revealed the presence of a small, circular, single-stranded dna virus that is most closely related to a gemykrogvirus (family genomoviridae) genome from caribou feces sharing 88% genome-wide pairwise identity. | 2018 | 30533904 |
| besnoitia tarandi in canadian woodland caribou - isolation, characterization and suitability for serological tests. | in the present study, we report the first in vitro isolation of besnoitia tarandi from north america and the second of b. tarandi at all. the parasite was isolated directly from the skin of a canadian woodland caribou from the migratory ecotype. the animal belonged to the leaf river herd, in northern quebec, canada. the isolate was designated bt-ca-quebec1. sequencing of the 3'-end of the 18s rrna gene, the complete sequence of the its1 and the 5'-end of the 5.8s rrna gene of bt-ca-quebec1 revea ... | 2019 | 30555783 |
| examining management scenarios to mitigate wildfire hazard to caribou conservation projects using burn probability modeling. | the boreal forests of alberta have extensive networks of legacy seismic exploration lines that have been linked to the decline of boreal woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) populations throughout the region. in order to improve habitat quality for caribou, energy companies are investing significant resources in the restoration of many of these seismic lines in key areas, however, frequent large and intense wildfires may compromise the effectiveness of these conservation measures. to min ... | 2019 | 30580119 |
| health survey of boreal caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) in northeastern british columbia, canada. | boreal woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) are listed as threatened across canada, and a basic understanding of their health status is lacking. from december 2012 to april 2013, we investigated multiple health indices for adult female boreal caribou (n=163) captured from seven herds in ne british columbia, canada. health indices included physical characteristics, physiologic and trace mineral status, exposure to or infection with selected pathogens, and measures of chronic stress and in ... | 2019 | 30605390 |
| natal habitat preference induction in large mammals-like mother, like child? | habitat selection has received considerable attention from ecologists during the last decades, yet the underlying forces shaping individual differences in habitat selection are poorly documented. some of these differences could be explained by the early experience of individuals in their natal habitat. by selecting habitat attributes like those encountered early in life, individuals could improve resource acquisition, survival, and ultimately fitness. this behavior, known as natal habitat prefer ... | 2018 | 30619569 |
| moose and caribou as novel sources of functional lipids: fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids, diglycerides and monoacetyldiglycerides. | fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (fahfa), diglycerides (dg) and monoacetyldiglycerides (macdg) are gaining interest as functional lipids in pharmaceuticals and functional food formulations for managing and treating metabolic or inflammatory diseases. herein, we investigated whether the antler and/or meat of two cervids (moose and caribou) are novel sources of fahfa, dg and macdg. we observed fahfa present in moose and caribou composed mainly of polyunsaturated families, and that the este ... | 2019 | 30634564 |
| functional responses in habitat selection: clarifying hypotheses and interpretations. | a fundamental challenge in habitat ecology and management is understanding the mechanisms generating animal distributions. studies of habitat selection provide a lens into such mechanisms, but are often limited by unrealistic assumptions. for example, most studies assume that habitat selection is constant with respect to the availability of resources, such that habitat use remains proportional to availability. to the contrary, a growing body of work has shown the fallacy of this assumption, indi ... | 2019 | 30653797 |
| rapid identification of cervus antlers by species-specific pcr assay. | a rapid pcr technology was developed to differentiate cervus antlers species and adulteration based on the difference in mitochondrial genome. three specifically designed primer sets were confirmed to have high inter-species specificity and good intra-species stability. limits of detection were estimated to be 1 ng of genomes for reindeer and 10 ng for the other species. especially, when the mixture of cervus antlers and reindeer or sambar was assayed, these primer sets still exhibited strong ca ... | 2020 | 30663383 |
| evaluation of the use of reindeer droppings for monitoring essential and non-essential elements in the polar terrestrial environment. | excess or toxic metals, non-metals and metalloids can be eliminated from the organism by deposition in inert tissue (e.g. fur) or excretion with body secretions, urine and faeces. droppings are one of the main routes for the elimination of multiple elements and they can be collected without direct contact with the animal. contaminant concentration has been examined in non-lethally collected tissues of several species (especially reptilian, avian and mammalian). however, studies on species residi ... | 2019 | 30677983 |
| partitioning drivers of spatial genetic variation for a continuously distributed population of boreal caribou: implications for management unit delineation. | isolation by distance (ibd) is a natural pattern not readily incorporated into theoretical models nor traditional metrics for differentiating populations, although clinal genetic differentiation can be characteristic of many wildlife species. landscape features can also drive population structure additive to baseline ibd resulting in differentiation through isolation-by-resistance (ibr). we assessed the population genetic structure of boreal caribou across western canada using nonspatial (struct ... | 2019 | 30680102 |
| [experimental and scientific formulation development of a specialized (sport) product, enriched with probiotic microorganisms]. | the aim of the work is to scientifically justify the formulation of a probiotic food product for sports nutrition using a functional food ingredient. as a functional food ingredient, the association of probiotics (lactobacillus and bifidobacteria) immobilized in a gel of biopolymers was studied. the main raw material used was cow's fat-free milk; as components that regulated the protein-carbohydrate composition of a multicomponent product, the whey protein isolate, natural honey and maltodextrin ... | 2017 | 30695624 |