Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| nephrotic syndrome developing after bee stings. | we have described a case, with renal biopsy findings and serologic studies, of a patient who had the nephrotic syndrome after sustaining multiple bee stings and who demonstrated a favorable response to steroid therapy. bee stings have previously been implicated in the development of this syndrome, though the reported cases in the literature are poorly documented. | 1981 | 7455752 |
| anaphylactic reactions to hymenoptera stings in asthmatic patients. | we evaluated 587 cases with generalized reactions to stings of hymenoptera. eighty of these patients and twenty-eight normal controls had radioallergosorbent tests (rast) to venoms of honey bee, yellow jacket, hornet, wasp and to phospholipase a. those patients with systemic reactions had a significantly greater frequency of positive rast than normal controls (51.3% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001). the frequency of atopy (asthma/rhinitis) in case these 587 cases was only 22% and resembled the expected freq ... | 1980 | 7460260 |
| a critical evaluation of rast to venoms of hymenoptera. | rast to venoms were done on 108 sera. positive rast to one or more venoms of hymenoptera found in 51% (41/80) patients with a generalized reaction to the sting of hymenoptera and in 7% (2/28) of normal controls were critically evaluated. rast determinations for each sera were done in duplicate and results averaged. the laboratories were not told which sera belonged to patients with allergy to hymenoptera and which belonged to controls. in ten patients, one half of the original sera were saved an ... | 1980 | 7460261 |
| on the significance of severe local reactions to hymenoptera stings. | of 317 patients with hypersensitivity to hymenoptera stings forty had severe local reactions (slr) only, fifty-nine reported severe local reactions before their first and seven after their last systemic reaction (sr). the probability to develop a life threatening systemic reaction when restung after a severe local reaction was calculated to be about 5%. in 80% of the patients with severe local reactions only, hypersensitivity to either bee or yellow jacket venom could be demonstrated by skin tes ... | 1980 | 7460262 |
| the action of apamin on guinea-pig taenia caeci. | apamin (10(-7) m), a substance extracted from bee venom (apis mellifica) causes stimulation of the taenia caeci as seen from an increase in spike activity. the inhibitory effect of atp or adrenaline (adr) was reflected by hyperpolarization of the muscle cell, cessation of spike activity and relaxation of the muscle. the 42k efflux and the membrane conductance were enhanced in the presence of these substances. apamin converted the hyperpolarization caused by atp or adr into a transient depolariza ... | 1980 | 7461033 |
| studies on a peptide with red pigment-concentrating and hyperglycemic activity from the cephalic endocrine system of the honeybee, apis mellifera. | 1980 | 7461444 | |
| [a case of bee sting nephrosis (author's transl)]. | 1980 | 7462764 | |
| immunological studies on bee-keepers: specific igg and subclass typing igg against bee venom and bee venom components. | specific ige antibodies against bee venom and its components were studied in 23 bee-keepers. the highest igg serum levels were observed for whole bee venom followed by phospholipase a. the serum levels of specific igg antibodies against melittin and mcd-peptide were lower, the lowest serum levels being observed for apamin. after a 5 month absence from bee-keeping a fall in the serum levels of igg antibodies was observed in all the bee-keepers studied. the investigation of the igg subclass antibo ... | 1980 | 7464005 |
| an infarct-like myocardial lesion experimentally induced in wistar rats with africanized bee venom. | there is evidence in the literature that death following a bee or wasp sting may result from cardiac involvement. this study describes acute cardiac lesions experimentally induced in wistar rats submitted to intravenous inoculation of africanized bee venom (abv) and killed 1, 4, and 24 h after inoculation. significant increases in serum enzyme levels were detected; light microscopy showed necrosis of the myocardium; and enzyme histochemistry showed inactivation of enzymes in and around the areas ... | 1995 | 7472785 |
| determination of the three-dimensional solution structure of scyllatoxin by 1h nuclear magnetic resonance. | the three-dimensional solution structure of scyllatoxin (leiurotoxin i) a venom peptide from the scorpion leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus was determined at 1 a resolution by homonuclear proton n.m.r. methods at 500 mhz. data analysis and structure calculation followed conventional protocols inherent to diana and related programs with two exceptions. first, distance constraints were obtained from two-dimensional nuclear overhauser spectra by a previously described partial relaxation matrix appro ... | 1995 | 7473736 |
| effect of different formulations of propolis on mice infected with trypanosoma cruzi. | propolis, a bee product, can be regarded as one of the potential natural sources in folk medicine, displaying strong antimicrobial activity. previous work showed that propolis extracts exhibited in vitro activity against trypanosoma cruzi (higashi and de castro, 1994). different formulations of propolis were administered to experimentally trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice and the parasitemia kinetics and survival rate were monitored. the oral administration of ethanolic extracts up to 1.2 g propol ... | 1995 | 7475123 |
| bee foraging in uncertain environments using predictive hebbian learning. | recent work has identified a neuron with widespread projections to odour processing regions of the honeybee brain whose activity represents the reward value of gustatory stimuli. we have constructed a model of bee foraging in uncertain environments based on this type of neuron and a predictive form of hebbian synaptic plasticity. the model uses visual input from a simulated three-dimensional world and accounts for a wide range of experiments on bee learning during foraging, including risk aversi ... | 1995 | 7477260 |
| the relationship between the adrenal tissue renin-angiotensin system, internalization of the type i angiotensin ii receptor (at1) and angiotensin ii function in the rat adrenal zona glomerulosa cell. | many data suggest that the elements of the tissue renin-angiotensin system (ras) in the adrenal cortex are mostly located in the zona glomerulosa. the relationship of this paracrine/autocrine system with the cellular localization of the angiotensin ii (aii) receptor has not bee clarified. using a specific monoclonal antibody (6313/g2) to the first extracellular domain of the type 1 receptor (at1), we show here that most of the receptor is internalized in the rat glomerulosa cell. this may result ... | 1995 | 7484434 |
| continuous measurement of phospholipase a2 activity using the fluorescent probe adifab. | a new method is described for the continuous quantitation of phospholipase a2 (pla2) activity with greatly improved sensitivity compared to existing techniques. the method utilizes a fluorescent probe to detect the release of fatty acid monomers (free fatty acids) into the aqueous phase. the fluorescent probe adifab, which is the acrylodan derivative of rat intestinal fatty acid binding protein, exhibits a change in the ratio of its fluorescence upon binding medium- to long-chain native fatty ac ... | 1995 | 7485980 |
| such hydrophobic peptides as dansylated mastoparan can elevate the fertilization membrane of sea urchin eggs. | melittin is known to be a major hydrophobic peptide component in honeybee venom that can cause as much elevation of fertilization membrane of sea urchin eggs as normal fertilization. the action of melittin has been thought to be closely related with its ability to facilitate the phospholipase a2 activity on the eggs. however, another peptide "mastoparan" from wasp venom was not found here to cause any elevation of the membrane, although it can activate the enzyme as well as melittin. on the othe ... | 1995 | 7488048 |
| an essential role for lysophosphatidylcholine in the inhibition of platelet aggregation by secretory phospholipase a2. | the release of secretory phospholipase a2 (spla2) into the mammalian circulation may contribute to the development of hemorrhagic and inflammatory diseases. spla2 has previously been shown to alter the behavior of platelets, leukocytes, and endothelial cells, although the molecular basis for these cellular effects has not been established. our studies indicate that the inhibition of platelet aggregation by snake, bee venom, and pancreatic spla2 is dependent on a plasma cofactor. this cofactor re ... | 1995 | 7492774 |
| microsatellite variation in honey bee (apis mellifera l.) populations: hierarchical genetic structure and test of the infinite allele and stepwise mutation models. | samples from nine populations belonging to three african (intermissa, scutellata and capensis) and four european (mellifera, ligustica, carnica and cecropia) apis mellifera subspecies were scored for seven microsatellite loci. a large amount of genetic variation (between seven and 30 alleles per locus) was detected. average heterozygosity and average number of alleles were significantly higher in african than in european subspecies, in agreement with larger effective population sizes in africa. ... | 1995 | 7498746 |
| bee venom phospholipase a2 is recognized by the macrophage mannose receptor. | a high affinity and a specific binding site for bee venom pla2 was found on the surface of j774e macrophages. the binding sites for bee venom pla2 are entirely different from the binding sites for pancreatic and snake venom pla2 as revealed by competition experiments. binding and uptake of bee venom pla2 by j774e macrophages was shown to be competed by mannose-bsa, glucose-bsa, n-acetylglucosamine-bsa, but not by galactose-bsa, indicating that the binding of bee venom pla2 is probably mediated b ... | 1995 | 7503563 |
| epitope-dependent nonreciprocal regulation of ige and igg2a antibody formation. | the antigen dose-dependent production of ige versus igg2a antibodies has been investigated using keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) and bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) as antigens. repeated injections of minute doses (0.1 microgram/mouse) of klh into cba/j mice lead to relatively high titers of ige antibodies which are gradually reduced in animals that had received higher doses of antigen. in contrast, the igg2a antibody titers are inversely correlated, resulting in low titers after repeated inje ... | 1994 | 7507369 |
| growth suppression and toxicity induced by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) in type 5 adenovirus-transformed rat embryo cells correlate directly with transformation progression. | the active component of the honeybee hive product propolis, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), induces a selective growth suppressive and toxic effect toward cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells transformed by adenovirus type 5 (ad5) or the ad5 e1a transforming gene versus untransformed cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells (z-z. su et al., mol. carcinog., 4: 231-242, 1991). the present study was conducted to determine whether cape-induced growth suppression/toxicity was a direct result of expressi ... | 1994 | 7511055 |
| antigen-binding glycosylation inhibiting factor from a human t-cell hybridoma specific for bee venom phospholipase a2. | we obtained human t-cell hybridomas that are specific for bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) and constitutively secrete glycosylation inhibiting factor (gif). upon crosslinking of cd3, the hybridoma produced gif having affinity for pla2. when affinity-purified pla2-binding gif was used as an immunogen, monoclonal antibodies specific for the antigen-binding gif were obtained. monoclonal antibody 110bh3 bound the antigen-binding gif but failed to bind the 13-kda nonspecific gif, as determined by bo ... | 1994 | 7511819 |
| mechanisms involved in the antiinflammatory effect of propolis extract. | propolis is a natural product produced by the honey bee. the extract contains amino acids, flavanoids, terpenes and cinnamic acid derivatives. in various in vitro models propolis extract was shown to inhibit platelet aggregation and to inhibit eicosanoid synthesis, suggesting that it might have potent antiinflammatory properties. a 13% aqueous extract was tested orally in three dose levels (1, 5 and 10 ml/kg) on the carrageenan rat paw oedema model and on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. in b ... | 1993 | 7513636 |
| possible dual role of anti-idiotypic antibodies in combined passive and active immunotherapy in honeybee sting allergy. | passive infusion of beekeepers' plasma was shown to protect patients against systemic reactions occurring during active immunotherapy by mechanisms still to be clarified. it is tempting to speculate that anti-idiotypic antibodies could play a role because they are found in beekeepers' plasma and are involved in the regulation of ige synthesis. | 1994 | 7516355 |
| human monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies recognize predominantly discontinuous epitopes on bee venom phospholipase a2. | two hybridomas, which secrete human monoclonal antibodies of igg4 isotype specific for the main bee venom antigen/allergen phospholipase a2, were generated. the antigenic determinants recognized by these antibodies were mapped and compared with the binding sites of murine monoclonal and human polyclonal antibodies raised against the same antigen. | 1994 | 7517969 |
| lysine residues in bee venom phospholipase a2 are important for binding to human monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies of the igg4 isotope. | discontinuous antigenic sites on bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla) have been mapped using human monoclonal antibodies or human polyclonal serum antibodies (hpabs) of the igg4 isotype from beekeepers or of the ige isotype from individuals allergic to pla. lysine residues of pla have been specifically modified by acetylation or acylation by treatment with citraconic anhydride of their epsilon-amino groups to analyze their role in antigen-antibody binding. after the modifications, the binding of pla ... | 1994 | 7518267 |
| ionic currents of kenyon cells from the mushroom body of the honeybee. | the mushroom bodies have been suggested to be essentially involved in learning and memory in insects. in the honeybee apis mellifera they are composed of about 340,000 intrinsic elements, called kenyon cells, which can be easily separated from all other neurons of the brain. here we describe a preparation in which we studied ionic currents in the isolated kenyon cell somata, using tight-seal whole-cell recording. several outward and inward currents were identified and investigated by the use of ... | 1994 | 7519255 |
| severe derangement of the coagulation profile following multiple bee stings in a 2-year-old boy. | occasionally, insect bites producing systemic complications are the reason for admission to paediatric intensive care. we report an interesting case of multiple bee stings in a 2-year-old boy. the boy, who was stung more than 200 times by honey bees, had a severely deranged coagulation profile with marked elevation of the hepatic enzymes. this complication has not been reported to date. prompt intensive supportive care led to the child's total recovery. | 1994 | 7521632 |
| ca2+/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase in apis mellifera and drosophila melanogaster. | nadph diaphorase (nadphd) is a marker enzyme for nitric oxide (no)-producing cells in vertebrates. this paper investigates the relationship between nadphd and the no-producing enzyme no synthase (nos) in neuronal tissue of apis and drosophila, two insects used for studying learning. first, the nos and the nadphd in both species were characterized biochemically. the fixation-insensitive nadphd activity, which accounts for the staining in nadphd histochemistry, co-purifies with the insect ca2+/cal ... | 1994 | 7526942 |
| octopamine-like immunoreactivity in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of the honeybee. | the organization of putative octopaminergic pathways in the brain and subesophageal ganglion of the honeybee was investigated with a well-defined polyclonal antiserum against octopamine. five prominent groups of just over 100 immunoreactive (ir) somata were found in the cerebral ganglion: neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis innervating the corpora cardiaca via ncc i, one cluster mediodorsal to the antennal lobe, one scattered on both sides of the midline of the protocerebrum, one be ... | 1994 | 7530730 |
| ige+ cells in the peripheral blood of atopic, nonatopic, and bee venom-hypersensitive individuals exhibit the phenotype of highly differentiated b cells. | we have analyzed ige+ cells in peripheral blood of atopic donors, donors hypersensitive to bee venom, and nonatopic control donors with two- and three-color flow cytometry. although the percentage of ige+ cells varied among these groups, the overall phenotypic patterns were similar. most ige+ cells do not display typical b-cell markers, such as cd19, cd20, and cd21. a significant proportion of these cells stain for cd38, indicating that they are more differentiated. ige+ cells express fc gamma r ... | 1995 | 7531730 |
| visual ecology and voltage-gated ion channels in insect photoreceptors. | that particular membrane conductances are selected for expression to enable the efficient coding of biologically relevant signals is illustrated by recent work on insect photoreceptors. these studies exploit the richness of insect vision and the accessibility of insect photoreceptors to cellular analysis in both intact animal and isolated cell preparations. the distribution of voltage-gated conductances among photoreceptors of different species correlates with visual ecology. delayed-rectifier k ... | 1995 | 7535485 |
| isotype-associated recognition of allergen epitopes and its modulation by antigen dose. | the existence of competing and blocking igg antibodies and their interrelationship with ige antibodies was investigated in the ige immune response of cba/j mice to bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh). minute doses of antigen induced high titres of both ige and igg antibodies, whereas large doses elicited high igg responses but only weak ige antibody titres. immunization with minute doses of antigen led to the production of antibodies with class-associated epito ... | 1995 | 7538490 |
| natural and recombinant enzymatically active or inactive bee venom phospholipase a2 has the same potency to release histamine from basophils in patients with hymenoptera allergy. | a complementary dna encoding the major bee venom allergen phospholipase a2 (pla) has been characterized recently. recombinant pla was produced in escherichia coli and purified to apparent homogeneity. natural pla was compared with recombinant pla in its ability to release histamine from blood basophils. | 1995 | 7541059 |
| apoptosis and altered redox state induced by caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) in transformed rat fibroblast cells. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape), which is derived from the propolis of bee hives, was shown previously to block tumor promoter- and carcinogen-generated oxidative processes in several assays and to engender differential toxicity to some transformed cells. to study the mechanisms of cape-induced differential cytotoxicity, nontumorigenic rat embryo fibroblasts (cref) and adenovirus (type 5)-transformed cref cells (wt3a) were used. as shown by nucleosomal-length dna degradation, morphological a ... | 1995 | 7543016 |
| a link between catalytic activity, ige-independent mast cell activation, and allergenicity of bee venom phospholipase a2. | the molecular and cellular mechanisms controlling ab isotype selection following encounter of a given ag are still unclear, although the regulatory role of cytokines is established. in the present study we explored the possibility that the nonimmunologic interaction of an allergen with cells of the innate immune system might result in a release of mediators that promote ige isotype selection in adaptive responses. using the bee venom allergen phospholipase a2 (pla2) and a mutant variant lacking ... | 1995 | 7544378 |
| plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in acute trauma patients. | insulin-like growth factors (igfs) are a family of polypeptides that regulate cell growth. their action and bioavailability are modified by binding proteins such as igf binding protein-3 (igfbp-3). plasma igfbp-3 level was found to be growth hormone (gh)-dependent, which makes detection of igfbp-3 useful in the evaluation of gh secretion. in the early catabolic flow phase of severe injury, when plasma levels of gh and igf-1 are low versus uninjured levels, the role of igfbp-3 has not been invest ... | 1995 | 7545263 |
| n-terminus and lysine side chain pka values of melittin in aqueous solutions and micellar dispersions measured by 15n nmr. | melittin (mlt) is a 26-amino acid cytolytic peptide from the apis mellifera honey bee. it is known to exist as an alpha-helical tetramer, as an alpha-helical monomer, or as a monomeric random coil depending on solvent conditions. the charge state of mlt is believed to be a major factor in determining its aggregation properties and its interaction with lipids. several, contradictory, indirect measurements of the pka values of the three lysine groups in mlt have been reported. in the present study ... | 1995 | 7548083 |
| kinetic models of odor transduction implemented as artificial neural networks. simulations of complex response properties of honeybee olfactory neurons. | we present a formal model of olfactory transduction corresponding to the biochemical reaction cascade found in chemosensory neurons. it assumes that odorants bind to receptor proteins which, in turn, activate transducer mechanisms corresponding to second messenger-mediated processes. the model is reformulated as a mathematically equivalent artificial neural network (ann). to enable comparison of the computational power of our model, previously suggested models of chemosensory transduction are al ... | 1995 | 7548309 |
| primary sequence, copy number, and distribution of mariner transposons in the honey bee. | a single honey bee mariner transposon (tnm1a) was sequenced, revealing a transpositionally non-autonomous element of 937 bp delimited by 30 bp perfect inverted terminal repeats. the element is flanked by the ta duplication typical of mariner elements in general. there are approximately 435 copies of tnm1a homologous elements per haploid genome. these elements appear, by southern blot analysis, to be dispersed throughout the genome. thirteen individual genomic clones with an average size of 15 kb ... | 1995 | 7551195 |
| [role of energy metabolism in nutrition management of critically ill patients]. | indirect calorimetric measurements were made with a medgraphics critical care monitor (ccm) desktop analysis system in the observation of critically ill and malnourished patient's energy expenditure. in 15 critically ill patients, predicted energy requirements based on 1.75 times bee calculated by harris-benedict formula or corrected harris-benedict formula averaged 32.7% and 27.8% greater than metabolic expenditure measured by indirect calorimetry respectively. in the 20 unstressed malnourished ... | 1995 | 7553146 |
| effect of thielocin a1 beta on bee venom phospholipase a2-induced edema in mouse paw. | several investigators have reported that inactivation of secretory phospholipase a2 purified from bee venom with p-bromophenacyl bromide, an irreversible inhibitor, before injection resulted in attenuation of the subsequent inflammatory reaction in the mouse paw edema model. recently, thielocin a1 beta, a novel secretory phospholipase a2 inhibitor from fungi, was found to suppress histamine release from mast cells stimulated with secretory phospholipase a2. these observations led us to examine t ... | 1995 | 7556394 |
| activation of bee venom phospholipase a2 through a peptide-enzyme complex. | phospholipase a2 activation by membrane-bound peptides was investigated in order to understand the role of the membrane-induced conformation on activation, and to examine the occurrence of a peptide-enzyme complex at the lipid/water interface. for the peptides studies, bee venom phospholipase a2 was stimulated regardless of the membrane-bound conformation (alpha-helix, beta-sheet or random coil). using antisera raised against melittin, we were able to demonstrate the occurrence of a calcium-depe ... | 1995 | 7556634 |
| escherichia coli chorismate synthase catalyzes the conversion of (6s)-6-fluoro-5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate to 6-fluorochorismate. implications for the enzyme mechanism and the antimicrobial action of (6s)-6-fluoroshikimate. | chorismate synthase catalyzes the conversion of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate to chorismate. it is the seventh enzyme of the shikimate pathway, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic metabolites from glucose. the chorismate synthase reaction involves a 1,4-elimination with unusual anti-stereochemistry and requires a reduced flavin cofactor. the substrate analogue (6s)-6-fluoro-5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of neurospora crassa chorismate syntha ... | 1995 | 7559411 |
| type i skin reactivity to native and recombinant phospholipase a2 from honeybee venom is similar. | phospholipase a2 is the major allergen in honeybee venom. recombinant phospholipase a2 was produced in prokaryotes and tested for its biologic activity by intracutaneous skin testing with serial 10-fold dilutions in comparison with native and deglycosylated phospholipase a2 in patients allergic to bee venom. linear regressions of the log of the wheal area versus the log of the allergen concentration were calculated for all allergens in each patient. the relative allergenic potency of the various ... | 1995 | 7560642 |
| preparation of soluble recombinant t cell receptor alpha chain by using a calmodulin fusion expression system. | we have isolated a full length t cell receptor alpha chain (tcr alpha) cdna derived from a bee venom phospholipase a2-specific mouse suppressor t cell hybridoma. a bacterial fusion expression system was constructed using rat calmodulin as a fusion partner for production of soluble tcr alpha. in this system, calmodulin-tcr alpha fusion protein was expressed at a high level in the soluble fraction of bacterial cell lysate, and could be purified by binding of calmodulin portion of the protein to ph ... | 1995 | 7561145 |
| toxicology of cupric salts on honeybees. iv--gluconate and sulfate action on hemolymph trehalose activity in vivo and in vitro. | a biphasic increase of hemolymph glucose levels was observed following injection to bees of cupric gluconate or sulfate, both potent agents for the control of varroa jacobsoni, a parasitic mite of hives. the simultaneous injection to bees of 0.3 microm bayg5421 (an inhibitor of alpha-glucosidases) quenched the response, suggesting a direct effect of 2 nmol/bee cupric ions on trehaloses' activity. one nanomol of injected cupric gluconate increased the trehalose (tre) activity by 233% in crude hem ... | 1995 | 7562956 |
| patterns of nucleotide composition at fourfold degenerate sites of animal mitochondrial genomes. | three statistics (%gc, gc-skew, and at-skew) can be used to describe the overall patterns of nucleotide composition in dna sequences. fourfold degenerate third codon positions from 16 animal mitochondrial genomes were analyzed. the overall composition, as measured by %gc, varies from 3.6 %gc in the honeybee to 47.2 %gc in human mtdna. compositional differences between strands of the mitochondrial genome were quantified using the two skew statistics presented in this paper. strand-specific distri ... | 1995 | 7563121 |
| is measured energy expenditure correlated to injury severity score in major trauma patients?. | a common method for calculating energy needs (pee) in acute trauma patients is multiplying the harris-benedict equation (bee) by activity factors (af) and variable stress factors (sf) depending on the injury severity. selection of the sf can be an arbitrary and potentially inaccurate decision. the purposes of this study were: (1) to investigate the relationship between injury severity score (iss) to postinjury energy expenditure (mee), and (2) to compare the mee to pee when using the sf of 1.75. ... | 1995 | 7564317 |
| a high efficiency method for purification and assay of bee venom phospholipase a2. | phospholipase a2 (pla2) is the main allergen of hymenopteran venoms. we describe a highly efficient reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (hplc) for isolating pla2 from crude bee venom. this method removes all detectable contaminants such as melittin from pla2 while preserving the hemolytic action of pla2. in addition we describe a simple functional assay of pla2 based on its propensity to cause hemolysis of guinea pig red blood cells. these techniques are particularly wel ... | 1995 | 7567144 |
| epidemiology of allergic reactions in beekeepers: a lower prevalence in subjects with more than 5 years exposure. | beekeepers (bks) represent a high allergic risk population against hymenoptera because of their frequent exposure to bee stings. most published studies show different percentage of sensitization and systemic reactions with to another groups of population. with the aim to know the prevalence and type of allergic reaction in bks from the canary islands, 246 subjects were studied prospectively. a questionnaire was developed and skin test and specific ige determination against apis mellifera, vespul ... | 1995 | 7572542 |
| significance of africanized bees for public health. a review. | although massive sting attacks by africanized bees are currently rare, this type of bee is now endemic in parts of arizona and texas, and will probably spread to other warm climate areas in the united states. treatment of severe toxic reactions to multiple stings usually includes management of shock, hypoxia, and other effects of organ damage. new approaches to reduce blood levels of venom including production of a bee antivenom and hemodialysis require further study. patients with a trivial all ... | 1995 | 7575061 |
| specific competitive inhibitor of secreted phospholipase a2 from berries of schinus terebinthifolius. | two structurally related triterpenoids 1 and 2 from pink peppercorn (berries of schinus terebinthifolius) are identified and characterized as active site-directed specific competitive inhibitors of the three classes of secreted 14 kda phospholipase a2. the inhibitors not only protect the active site histidine from alkylation but also inhibit the action of secreted phospholipase a2 from pig pancreas, human synovial fluid, and bee venom. detailed x-ray crystallographic results on the structures of ... | 1995 | 7576451 |
| olfactory learning and memory in the honeybee: comparison of different classical conditioning procedures of the proboscis extension response. | olfactory learning in the honeybee was investigated using the conditioned proboscis extension reflex on restrained individuals. we compared, under the same experimental conditions, the most commonly used conditioning procedures, i.e. 1 trial, 3 massed trials (1 min inter-trial intervals), and 3 spaced trials (10 min inter-trial intervals) procedures, using linalool as the conditioned stimulus. two experiments were performed in which worker bees were subjected to: (1) a single test at different t ... | 1995 | 7583763 |
| tryptase and histamine release due to a sting challenge in bee venom allergic patients treated successfully or unsuccessfully with hyposensitization. | hyposensitization with been venom leads to full protection in most, but not all patients with ige-mediated systemic reactions to bee stings. | 1995 | 7584681 |
| compositional analysis of glucosaminyl(acyl)phosphatidylinositol accumulated in hela s3 cells. | glcn(acyl)ptdins, a derivative of phosphatidylinositol (ptdins) in which glucosamine and a fatty acid are linked to inositol hydroxyl groups, has been proposed to be an intermediate in the mammalian biosynthetic pathway for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (glycosyl-ptdins) anchors of membrane proteins. in this report, glcn(acyl)ptdins metabolically labeled with [3h]inositol is shown to accumulate in a hela s3 cell subline. the amount of glcn(acyl)ptdins in these hela s3 cells is about 10(7) molecul ... | 1995 | 7588771 |
| human pancreatic phospholipase a2 stimulates the growth of human pancreatic cancer cell line. | phospholipase a2 (pla2) from human pancreas, designated hpla2-i, functions as a digestive enzyme. interestingly, the present study demonstrated that the mature form of hpla2-i stimulated the growth of a human pancreatic cancer cell line miapaca-2, whereas the pro-form was ineffective. pla2s from laticauda semifasciata fraction i, crotalus adamanteus venom, streptomyces violaceoruber and bee venom, showed no proliferative effect to the growth of miapaca-2. the scatchard plot analysis revealed tha ... | 1995 | 7589440 |
| wells' syndrome in childhood: case report and review of the literature. | we report a severe case of wells' syndrome, or eosinophilic cellulitis, after a bee sting in a 4-year-old girl. the patient had a widespread, painful, blistering eruption that was subsequently complicated by pseudomonas aeruginosa superinfection and septicemia, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and neutropenia. the skin lesions responded to systemic steroid therapy. there was residual scarring alopecia of the scalp. there have been 17 previous reports of childhood wells' syndrome. we believe that this di ... | 1995 | 7593797 |
| melittin cardiotoxicity in cultured mouse cardiac myocytes and its correlation with calcium overload. | venom from the honey bee apis mellifera induces cardiovascular dysfunction. we studied which constituent(s) of the venom induces cardiotoxicity and how, using cultured cardiac myocytes from mouse fetuses. among the venom constituents, only melittin caused contractile and morphological effects; other peptides, such as apamin and mastparan; enzymes, such as phospholipase a2; and low-molecular-weight compounds, such as histamine and dopamine, did not. treatment with 4.5 micrograms/ml melittin, whic ... | 1995 | 7597704 |
| seasonal changes in juvenile hormone titers and rates of biosynthesis in honey bees. | honey bee colonies can respond to changing environmental conditions by showing plasticity in age related division of labor, and these responses are associated with changes in juvenile hormone. the shift from nest tasks to foraging has been especially well characterized; foraging is associated with high juvenile hormone titers and high rates of juvenile hormone biosynthesis, and can be induced prematurely in young bees by juvenile hormone treatment or by a shortage of foragers. however, very few ... | 1995 | 7601956 |
| [gene transfer to airway epithelial cells: current status and future direction]. | advances in recombinant dna technology and molecular and cellular biology have made it feasible to introduce genes into living cells. the most sophisticated gene transduction methods have bee applied to gene therapy strategies for the potential treatment of genetic diseases. in regard to lung diseases, alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and cystic fibrosis, the most common hereditary lung disorders in caucasians, have been targeted for gene therapy. to date, gene therapy studies have been confined t ... | 1994 | 7602850 |
| persistent nodular lesions caused by "bee-sting therapy". | 1995 | 7604655 | |
| anti-ige autoantibodies and bee-sting allergy. | serum anti-ige autoantibodies (aaige) were investigated by dot immunobinding assay in bee-allergic patients in comparison with nonallergic beekeepers, healthy blood donors, and atopic subjects. elevated serum levels of aaige--either free or combined with ige--were found in both bee-allergic patients and atopic subjects as compared with beekeepers and healthy donors. with regard to a possible significance of aaige for the protective mechanism induced by specific allergen immunotherapy, we estimat ... | 1995 | 7604933 |
| brain fos-like expression in developing and adult honeybees. | this study was undertaken to examine the expression of the protooncogene c-fos in an invertebrate, the honeybee. we investigated first the expression of fos-like proteins, testing different methodologies (immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, immunoblotting). these studies were carried out at the embryonic, nymphal and adult stages. we found immunoreactive bands at approximately 30 kd and 57 kd. the first ones are revealed at the embryonic, nymphal and adult stages. the approximately 57 kd ... | 1995 | 7605939 |
| conversion of a bovine udp-galnac:polypeptide, n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase to a soluble, secreted enzyme, and expression in sf9 cells. | a soluble, secreted udp-galnac:polypeptide, n-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase, was prepared by substituting the honeybee melittin leader sequence for the sequences coding for the cytoplasmic and membrane spanning domains of a cloned, bovine full-length cdna (f. l. homa et al., 1993, j. biol. chem. 268, 12609-12616). when this construct was expressed in insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus, a fully active soluble enzyme was recovered from the culture medium. in large-scale preparations, a ... | 1995 | 7606161 |
| caffeine- and ryanodine-sensitive ca(2+)-induced ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum in honeybee photoreceptors. | light stimulation of invertebrate microvillar photoreceptors causes a large rapid elevation in cai, shown previously to modulate the adaptational state of the cells. cai rises, at least in part, as a result of ins(1,4,5)p3-induced ca2+ release from the submicrovillar endoplasmic reticulum (er). here, we provide evidence for ca(2+)-induced ca2+ release (cicr) in an insect photoreceptor. in situ microphotometric measurements of ca2+ fluxes across the er membrane in permeabilized slices of drone be ... | 1995 | 7608657 |
| gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii in the mitochondrial dna of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | the cytochrome c oxidase subunit ii (coii) gene between transfer rna for leu and lys in the mitochondrial dna of culex quinquefasciatus say and aedes aegypti (l.) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. both the gene order and direction of transcription were identical to anopheles and drosophila. nucleotide sequences of the pcr-amplified coii genes in these two mosquitoes exhibited 88% homology, and the frequency of transition was very close to that of transversion. the h ... | 1995 | 7608924 |
| [care of rheumatoid arthritis treated with bee acupuncture]. | 1994 | 7614626 | |
| deliberate hymenoptera sting challenge as a diagnostic tool in highly selected venom-allergic patients. | open environment and working conditions close to abundant insects of the order hymenoptera should be avoided as much as possible by patients allergic to hymenoptera venom who do not receive venom immunotherapy. after having experienced accidental field re-stings not resulting in a systemic reaction, some of these patients may be willing to resume normal life and working habits. since venom-specific ige usually remains elevated in these patients, repeated skin tests or rasts are not helpful in id ... | 1995 | 7621057 |
| [a descriptive clinical study of a type of arthritis in beekeepers of the badajoz area of la siberia extremeña]. | the appearance of episodes of arthritis has been detected in beekeepers in the siberia extremadura (spain) related to working with the hives. this present work describes the clinical features of such arthritic syndrome. | 1995 | 7630227 |
| pka activity in the antennal lobe of honeybees is regulated by chemosensory stimulation in vivo. | the involvement of cyclic nucleotide cascades has been suggested for chemosensory signal processing as well as synaptic plasticity. cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase (pka) is a major mediator for transient changes in these second messengers. the objective of this study was to examine the role of pka in the central processing of chemosensory information by the honeybee. effects of chemosensory stimulation in vivo were detected in the first chemosensory neuropil of the honeybee brain, the antenn ... | 1995 | 7633889 |
| complement membrane attack complex, perforin, and bacterial exotoxins induce in k562 cells calcium-dependent cross-protection from lysis. | the complement membrane attack complex (mac), the cytolytic granule protein of cytotoxic lymphocytes perforin, the streptococcal exotoxin streptolysin o (slo), and the bee venom polypeptide melittin utilize a similar mechanism to incorporate into cell membranes, induce a ca2+ influx and a rise in intracellular ca2+ concentration, and produce cell lysis. at sublytic concentrations, these proteins trigger several cellular activities, including protein phosphorylation and synthesis. we have recentl ... | 1995 | 7636268 |
| octopamine mediates rapid stimulation of protein kinase a in the antennal lobe of honeybees. | in the honeybee octopamine mediates mechanisms of arousal that interfere with the appetitive proboscis extension response to food-indicating chemosensory stimuli. this study demonstrates that injections of octopamine or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) into the primary chemosensory neuropil of the honeybee, the antennal lobe, evokes a rapid and transient activation of camp-dependent protein kinase (pka). other monoamines detectable in the antennal lobe, dopamine and serotonin, do not affect ... | 1995 | 7643074 |
| transbilayer distribution of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the vacuolar membrane of acer pseudoplatanus cells. | the distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) and phosphatidylcholine (pc) among the outer and inner monolayers of the vacuolar membrane of acer pseudoplatanus was investigated using isolated vacuoles, chemical labelling agents (trinitrobenzene-sulfonate and fluorescamine), phospholipase a2 from bee venom, phospholipase c and phospholipase d. treatments were performed with intact or sonicated vacuoles. analysis of the transbilayer distribution of pc and pe in the vacuolar membrane of acer wa ... | 1995 | 7647109 |
| recombinant and chemical derivatives of apamin. implication of post-transcriptional c-terminal amidation of apamin in biological activity. | the use of the colicin a lysis protein to direct the extracellular release of a fusion protein from escherichia coli was investigated as an approach for the preparation of recombinant animal toxins. apamin, a bee venom neurotoxin, was used as the model toxin. it is reticulated by two disulfide bridges and interacts with small conductance ca(2+)-activated k+ channels. substantial amounts of free recombinant apamin were obtained by cnbr cleavage of the fusion protein [col-(1-171)-apa] and hplc pur ... | 1995 | 7649153 |
| a novel antibacterial peptide family isolated from the silkworm, bombyx mori. | three structurally related and novel antibacterial peptides have been isolated from the haemolymph of the silkworm, bombyx mori, immunized with escherichia coli. these peptides were 32 amino acids long and characteristically rich in proline residues. a unique threonine residue in each peptide was o-glycosylated and the modification seemed to be important for expression of antibacterial activity. the primary structure and antibacterial character of the novel peptides resemble those of abaecin (41 ... | 1995 | 7654207 |
| [change in erythrocyte volume and spectrum of membrane proteins induced by melittin, phospholipase a2 and bee venom]. | human erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghost membranes were treated with melittin (m), phospholipase a2 (pla2) and whole bee venom. treatment by whole bee venom or m + pla2 resulted in a significant decrease of the cell volume, cell spherulation and hemolysis. used separately, m produced an increase in the cell volume during hemolysis, while treatment with pla2 stimulated m-induced hemolysis without any effect on the cell shape or volume even at relatively high concentrations. combined action of m a ... | 1995 | 7662800 |
| volume changes in the mushroom bodies of adult honey bee queens. | the volume of the mushroom bodies of the brains of honey bee queens (apis mellifera) was estimated using the method of cavalieri. tissue sampled was obtained from queens in five different behavioral and reproductive states: 1-day-old virgin queens, 14-day-old virgin queens, 14-day-old instrumentally inseminated queens, 9- to 13-day old naturally mated queens, and 5-month-old naturally mated queens. there were significant volume changes within the mushroom bodies during the first 2 weeks of adult ... | 1995 | 7663892 |
| energy expenditure during antiorthostatic bed rest (simulated microgravity). | few studies have addressed the interaction between energy balance and lean body mass in healthy subjects during spaceflight or its simulations. we used doubly labeled water to measure total energy expenditure (tee) in nine healthy adult men during two 7-day periods, once before and once during a 10-day head-down bed-rest period. mean tee was 21% less during than before bed rest; however, neither basal (bee) nor resting (ree) energy expenditures changed, implying that the lesser tee resulted from ... | 1995 | 7665419 |
| reversal of toxicity using avidin-based hemoperfusion: a model system in rats using biotinylated melittin. | the high-affinity interaction between avidin and biotin (kd = 10(-15)m) can be exploited to develop specific protocols for retrieval of biotinylated drugs and toxicants from biological fluids. melittin, the main toxic component of bee venom, was biotinylated and used as a model toxicant to determine whether avidin-based extracorporeal hemoperfusion could remove biotinylated melittin and thus alter the severity of the toxic response in rats. melittin was biotinylated using n-hydroxysuccinimide-lo ... | 1995 | 7667392 |
| interleukin-12: potential role in cancer therapy. | il-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine that promotes cell-mediated immunity through its regulatory effects on t and nk cells. il-12 produced endogenously in response to various microbial agents likely plays a role in the host response to infection by intracellular pathogens, and administration of ril-12 to mice has bee shown to have dramatic therapeutic effects in a number of tumor models and models of infectious diseases. the relatively long serum half-life of il-12 compared to other lower molecular ... | 1995 | 7672811 |
| [bee and wasp venom allergy]. | 1995 | 7673005 | |
| [sequelae of prolonged consumption of honey in excessive amounts]. | a case of a 46-year patient with honey poisoning is presented. it is worth mentioning that honey eaten for a long time may produce severe pathologies. honey in the south-eastern poland, where the patient lives, contains not only water, sugars such as sucrose, glucose and fructose, dextrins, and nitrogen compounds but also low levels of antibiotics and sulphonamides, used as prophylaxis against honey-bee diseases, heavy metals ions, and various bacteria. | 1994 | 7675708 |
| arthropod venom citrate inhibits phospholipase a2. | citrate has been identified as a major component of honey bee (apis mellifera) venom by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. a citrate concentration of 9% was found for dried bee venom by a coupled enzyme assay, aconitase-isocitric dehydrogenase. a liquid honey bee venom would contain 140 mm citrate concentration (if the solids content were 30%). bee venom phospholipase was inhibited at a 43% level with a citrate concentration of 20 mm and calcium ion at 3 mm with the enzyme assay. citra ... | 1995 | 7676467 |
| sphero-echinocytosis of human red blood cells caused by snake, red-back spider, bee and blue-ringed octopus venoms and its inhibition by snake sera. | it was found that bee (apis mellifera) venom, red-back spider (latrodectus mactans) venom, blue-ringed octopus (hapalochlaena maculosa) venom, ten different snake venoms, phospholipase a2 and four snake toxins caused sphero-echinocytosis of human red blood cells at 200 ng/ml. most venoms and toxins lost the ability to deform human red blood cells when their components of less than mol. wt 10,000 were applied. in a number of cases the sphero-echinocytotic effect was also inhibited by blood sera o ... | 1995 | 7676470 |
| genetic differentiation between two host "races" and two species of cleptoparasitic bees and between their two hosts. | in this paper we test the following two hypotheses: (1) that apparently conspecific samples of the cleptoparasitic bee coelioxys funeraria, differing markedly in size and reared from different host species, do indeed represent one panmictic population; (2) that bees that nest in holes in wood or twigs have higher levels of genetic variation than those nesting in the ground. based upon 41 loci, the genetic differences between the two samples of c. funeraria could be explained entirely in terms of ... | 1995 | 7677734 |
| inhibition of tumor promoter-mediated processes in mouse skin and bovine lens by caffeic acid phenethyl ester. | caffeic acid phenethyl ester (cape) was isolated from propolis (a product of honeybee hives) that has been used in folk medicine as a potent antiinflammatory agent. cape is cytotoxic to tumor and virally transformed but not to normal cells. our main goal was to establish whether cape inhibits the tumor promoter (12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate)-induced processes associated with carcinogenesis. topical treatment of sencar mice with very low doses (0.1-6.5 nmol/topical treatment) of cape stro ... | 1993 | 7680281 |
| structure-immunogenicity relationship of melittin and its n-terminal truncated analogs. | melittin is an amphipathic 26-residue peptide from bee venom. we showed previously that, in the murine system, melittin has one major b-cell epitope in the hydrophilic region of residues 21-26 and one t-cell epitope in the hydrophobic midregion of 11-19. in this paper we compared the immunogenicity and the biophysical properties of a series of melittin analogs which differ by stepwise two-residue truncation in the n-terminus of residues 2-10. all analogs retain the b- and t-cell epitopes of meli ... | 1993 | 7681691 |
| affinity purification of antibodies specific for asn-linked glycans containing alpha 1-->3 fucose or beta 1-->2 xylose. | antisera raised against the plant glycoproteins beta-fructosidase and horseradish peroxidase can be fractionated on an affinity column of honeybee venom phospholipase a2 to produce serum fractions that are specific for either the alpha 1-->3 fucose or beta 1-->2 xylose epitopes commonly found on the asn-linked glycans of plant glycoproteins. this affinity purification strategy relies on the absence of beta 1-->2 xylose from the glycan of the venom protein. such antibody preparations can be used ... | 1993 | 7682035 |
| monoclonal antibody epitope mapping of plasmodium falciparum rhoptry proteins. | plasmodium falciparum rhoptry proteins of the 140/130/110-kda high molecular weight complex (hmwc) are secreted into the erythrocyte membrane during merozoite invasion. epitopes of membrane-associated hmwc proteins can be detected using rhoptry-specific antibodies by immunofluorescence assays. phospholipase treatment of ring-infected intact human erythrocytes, membrane ghosts, and inside-out vesicles results in the release of the hmwc as demonstrated by immunoblotting. we characterized the membr ... | 1993 | 7682186 |
| t cell epitope specificity in human allergic and nonallergic subjects to bee venom phospholipase a2. | phospholipase a2 (pla) is a biochemically fully defined glycoprotein, representing the main allergen of bee venom. we have established cd4+ t cell clones specific to pla from subjects allergic and nonallergic to bee sting. by screening the epitope specificity of these clones with 62 synthetic overlapping dodecapeptides representing the pla molecule, two immunogenic epitopes, pla81-92 and pla113-124, were identified. additional screening, using longer peptides of up to 18 residues, revealed a thi ... | 1993 | 7682244 |
| bee venom hyaluronidase is homologous to a membrane protein of mammalian sperm. | the venom of honeybees, apis mellifera, contains several biologically active peptides and two enzymes, one of which is a hyaluronidase. by using degenerate oligonucleotides derived from the amino-terminal sequence of this hyaluronidase reported by others, clones encoding the precursor for this enzyme could be isolated from a cdna library prepared from venom glands of worker bees. the deduced amino acid sequence showed that bee venom hyaluronidase is a polypeptide composed of 349 amino acids cont ... | 1993 | 7682712 |
| characterization of murine monoclonal antibodies to phospholipase a2 and mellitin from bee venom. | 9 murine monoclonal antibodies (moabs), 7 to phospholipase a2 (pla2; api m i) and two to mellitin (api m iii) have been produced. specificities were demonstrated using immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassays (elisa). antibodies specific for pla2 were characterized in detail. epitope mapping of pla2-specific moabs identified three independent binding regions. 5 selected moabs bound to one of these sites compete with specific human ige. two of moabs characterized are suitable tools to quantify pla2 ... | 1993 | 7685217 |
| epitope specificity of bee venom phospholipase a2-specific suppressor t cells which produce antigen-binding glycosylation inhibiting factor. | from the spleen cells of balb/c mice primed with bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2), we established seven t cell hybridomas which constitutively secreted glycosylation inhibiting factor (gif), expressed both cd3 and tcr alpha beta, and responded to antigen-pulsed antigen presenting cells (apc) for the formation of ige-binding factor. upon stimulation with antigen-pulsed apc, four of the seven hybridomas produced gif having affinity for native pla2. the antigen-binding gif could suppress the anti- ... | 1993 | 7691164 |
| [evaluation of diagnostic value of skin test, venom specific antibodies against ege and basophil histamine release test in hymenoptera allergy]. | the study compares results of skin test and assessments of venom specific ige levels (fast) in patients with hymenoptera sting allergic reactions. results of the two diagnostic methods show considerable correlation. positive correlation occurred in 90% of the patients (92.4% bee venom sensitive allergic patients and 80% wasp venom sensitive patients). negative correlation occurred in 2% of the patients. in the remaining 8% of the group the results did not correlate. basophil histamine release te ... | 1993 | 7691338 |
| fucose alpha 1,3-linked to the core region of glycoprotein n-glycans creates an important epitope for ige from honeybee venom allergic individuals. | the reactivity of sera from honeybee venom allergic patients with the n-glycan of phospholipase a2 was investigated using neoglycoproteins with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. of 122 sera with appreciable levels of ige antibodies directed against bee venom as measured by radioallergosorbent test, 34 sera exhibited significant amounts of glycan-reactive ige. these sera cross-reacted with the n-glycan from the plant glycoprotein bromelain. the interaction of ige with the n-glycan from phosph ... | 1993 | 7693094 |
| acyl chain length dependence in the stability of melittin-phosphatidylcholine complexes. a light scattering and 31p-nmr study. | light scattering and 31p-nmr have been used to monitor the effect of the bee-toxin, melittin, on phosphatidylcholine (pc) bilayers of variable acyl chain length (from c16:0 to c20:0). melittin interacts with all lipids provided the interaction is initiated in the lipid fluid phase. for low-to-moderate amounts of toxin (lipid-peptide molar ratios, ri > or = 15), the system takes the form of large spheroidal vesicles, in the fluid phase, whose radius increases from 750 a with dipalmitoyl-pc (dppc) ... | 1995 | 7696299 |
| honeybees have putative olfactory receptor proteins similar to those of vertebrates. | using nested-pcr amplification of honeybee cdna with degenerate primers derived from mammalian sequences, we have cloned four dna fragments from putative odour receptor genes. this conclusion is based on high amino acid sequence similarity with published sequences from vertebrates and hydrophilicity profiles in agreement with including these genes in the super family of seven transmembrane domain receptor genes. these results are discussed in the context of the evolution of the olfactory recepto ... | 1994 | 7697463 |
| supraglottic bee sting. | 1995 | 7700668 | |
| a morphometric classification of pupal honeybee antennal lobe neurones in culture. | both intrinsic (programmed) and extrinsic (non-programmed) factors are thought to play a role in the morphogenesis of neurones in the honeybee antennal lobe (the first relay station in the olfactory pathway) during development. we present here a morphometric and statistical analysis of a large population of pupal honeybee antennal lobe neurones grown in primary culture. quantitative parameters were used to characterize neuronal shapes. on the basis of such morphometric measurements, an automatic ... | 1994 | 7703419 |
| long-term habituation of an appetitive reflex in the honeybee. | we examined habituation of an appetitive component of the honeybee's feeding behaviour, the proboscis extension reflex. this reflex is elicited by touching one antenna with a droplet of sugar water. the response decrement was quantified by determining the number of trials necessary to abolish any visible response. measurements of the time dependent spontaneous recovery demonstrated that habituation persists for at least 10 min, representing a simple form of short-term memory. when repeated train ... | 1994 | 7703428 |