Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| risk factors for nosocomial infections caused by gram-negative bacilli. the hellenic antibiotic resistance study group. | two hundred and ninety-nine gram-negative hospital-acquired infections from 257 patients, consecutively identified during one month (november 1992) in five hospitals in the greater athens area, were divided into four groups on the basis of the bacterium isolated: group 1 (escherichia coli group) included infections owing to e. coli, group 2 (proteus group) consisted of infections owing to proteus spp. and providencia spp., group 3 (kiebsiella/enterobacter group) involved infections owing to kieb ... | 1996 | 8880546 |
| royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene meeting at manson house, london, 14 december 1995. enteropathogenic escherichia coli--mucosal infection models. | the formation of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions is central to the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec)-mediated disease in humans and citrobacter rodentium-mediated transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. closely related outer membrane proteins, known as intimins, are required for formation of the a/e lesion by both epec and c. rodentium. in this study we found similar ultrastructural damage in small intestinal biopsies from an epec-infected child and large bowel spe ... | 1996 | 8882174 |
| a simple method to detect bacteriolytic enzymes produced by enterobacteriaceae. | the production of bacteriolytic enzymes by enterobacteriaceae in various growth conditions was investigated. peptone-based media containing killed gram-negative cells facilitated detection of bacteriolytic enzyme production in the highest number of species. these belonged to the genera serratia, proteus, morganella and providencia. in contrast, escherichia coli, shigella, salmonella, klebsiella, enterobacter and citrobacter species did not produce bacteriolytic activities in any of the condition ... | 1996 | 8893522 |
| characterization of the eaea gene from rabbit enteropathogenic escherichia coli strain rdec-1 and comparison to other eaea genes from bacteria that cause attaching-effacing lesions. | a number of enteric pathogens, including enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli, hafnia alvei, a strain of citrobacter freundii, and rabbit epec strain rdec-1 cause attaching-effacing (ae) lesions in the gut mucosa. these bacteria have a pathogenicity cassette (locus of enterocyte effacement or lee) containing the eaea gene. this gene encodes intimin, an outer membrane protein required for production of ae lesions. rdec-1, a non-invasive enteropathogen in young rab ... | 1996 | 8900070 |
| [evaluation of a new disk containing indoxyl-beta-d-glucuronide for rapid identification of escherichia coli]. | to establish a simple identification procedure for escherichia coli, we developed a disk containing indoxyl-beta-d-glucuronide, the chromogenic substrate of beta-d-glucuronidase. of 188 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 101 (97%) of 104 strains of e. coli and two (67%) of three strains of shigella species were positive for beta-glucuronidase. we also tested 495 strains (466 strains of e. coli and 29 of citrobacter freundii) that might be considered lactose-fermenting e. coli under routine conditio ... | 1996 | 8911077 |
| occurrence of a novel l-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase activity in some species of enterobacteriaceae, and purification and characterization of the enzymes of enterobacter aerogenes and serratia marcescens. | l-2,4-diaminobutyrate decarboxylase (daba dc) is a novel enzyme yielding 1,3-diaminopropane (dap) from daba, which has previously been purified from strains of the genera vibrio and acinetobacter. in this study, we also detected daba dc activity in the species of enterobacteriaceae: e. aerogenes, e. cloacae, e. agglomerans, serratia marcescens, s. liquefaciens, klebsiella pneumoniace, k. oxytoca and citrobacter freundii, all of which produced dap in sufficient amounts. subsequently, the daba dcs ... | 1996 | 8913500 |
| 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, an inhibitory metabolite of glycerol fermentation to 1,3-propanediol by enterobacterial species. | glycerol fermentation by enterobacter agglomerans revealed that both growth and 1,3-propanediol production ceased after consumption of about 430 mm glycerol, irrespective of the initial glycerol content. this phenomenon was assigned to the production of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, which was identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and which showed a bacteriostatic effect. the accumulation during glycerol fermentation was also observed with two other enterobacterial species, i.e., klebsiella ... | 1996 | 8919810 |
| the influence of incubation conditions on the adherence of oral enterobacteriaceae to hela cells. | the adherence of 12 oral isolates and 4 type strains of enterobacteriaceae (equally representing enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii) to hela cell monolayers following five different incubation conditions (sucrose, d-mannose, serum, mem and candida albicans gdh 1957) was investigated. incubation with sucrose and d-mannose resulted in the greatest and least adherence, respectively. the presence of preadherent c. albicans gdh 1957 on the hela cell ... | 1996 | 8920813 |
| [enterobacteria isolated from commercial fishes from the volga-caspian basin]. | enteric bacteria, such as proteus, citrobacter [correction of cytobacter], and providencia, were found to be prevalent particularly in the gills and intestines of marketable fishes of the volga and caspian seas. half of all the enteric bacteria was detected in the fish kidneys, spleen, and liver. this shows it necessary to standardize different types of fish raw materials. | 1996 | 8925957 |
| [use of aztreonam for the purpose of preventing postoperative purulent complications]. | the efficacy of the prophylactic use of azthreonam, a monocyclic beta lactam antibiotic, was studied in 20 patients operated for liver diseases. the drug was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 1 g 30 minutes prior to the operation. during the postoperative period the drug was administered in a dose of 1 g 4-5 times a day for 4 to 5 days. the clinical effect in all the patients was good: no elevation of the body temperature above 37.5 degrees c and no suppuration of the operation wound. ad ... | 1996 | 8929118 |
| characterization of espc, a 110-kilodalton protein secreted by enteropathogenic escherichia coli which is homologous to members of the immunoglobulin a protease-like family of secreted proteins. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) secretes at least five proteins. two of these proteins, espa and espb (previously called eaeb), activate signal transduction pathways in host epithelial cells. while the role of the other three proteins (39, 40, and 110 kda) remains undetermined, secretion of all five proteins is under the control of pera, a known positive regulator of several epec virulence factors. on the basis of amino-terminal protein sequence data, we cloned and sequenced the gene wh ... | 1996 | 8932311 |
| intimin from enteropathogenic escherichia coli restores murine virulence to a citrobacter rodentium eaea mutant: induction of an immunoglobulin a response to intimin and espb. | the formation of attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions is central to the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec)-mediated disease in humans and citrobacter rodentium (formerly c. freundii biotype 4280)-mediated transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. closely related outer membrane proteins, known as intimins, are required for formation of the a/e lesion by both epec (int(epec)) and c. rodentium (int(cr)). a secreted protein, espb (formally eaeb), is also necessary for a/e-lesi ... | 1996 | 8945583 |
| serological characterisation of anti-endotoxin sera directed against the conjugates of oligosaccharide core of escherichia coli type r1, r2, r3, j5 and salmonella ra with tetanus toxoid. | the covalent conjugates of oligosaccharide core: escherichia coli type r1, r2, r3, j5 and salmonella ra with tetanus toxoid have been prepared using reaction of reductive amination. the neoglycoconjugates were good immunogens in rabbits yielding a high level of anti-lipopolysaccharide antibodies of igg class. the antibodies were used to examine the possibility of their reactions with smooth lipopolysaccharides. we have found that all antisera were able to react with the lipopolysaccharide molecu ... | 1996 | 8954349 |
| comparative in vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against gram-negative bacilli. | to describe the in vitro activity of piperacillin/tazobactam against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, compared with other antibacterial agents. | 1996 | 8955735 |
| microbial contamination of pharmacies and hospital wards environment and its influence on the purity of prescription preparations during their production process as well as their application. | microbiological contamination of such environmental factors as air, surfaces of equipment, walls, floors and personnel gloves in two hospital pharmacies and different paediatric hospital wards were tested. most surfaces in the areas, where the sterile preparations (eye dosage forms) are prepared, turned out to meet the hygienic requirements, although some bacteria belonging to staphylococci, pseudomonas, acinetobacter were detected. the considerable number of microorganisms from 10(2) up to 10(6 ... | 1995 | 8960239 |
| the danger of infections of the hospitalized patients with the microorganisms present in preparations and in the hospital environment. | two strains-s. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus, resistant to antibiotics, were isolated from previously non-opened preparations made by the hospital pharmacy and industrially produced. after application in the surgery ward, two enterobacter agglomerans strains, resistant to antibiotics were detected in oral mixtures. the resistant bacteria, b. cereus and 4 strains of ps. aeruginosa, were also found in the purified water. in hospital environment 9 strains of staphylococci, resistant ... | 1995 | 8960248 |
| [use of semi-solid diasalm medium for isolation of salmonella enteritidis]. | the diagnostic semi-solid salmonella agar (diasalm) was compared with two commercial semi-solid rappaport-vasiliadis media (msrv by oxoid and srva, basis by himedia) using 52 strains of salmonella and 10 strains of interfering gram-negative bacteria. the diagnostic potency for salmonellae was higher in diasalm than in msrv or srva. unlike the rappaport-vasiliadis media, diasalm contains a diagnostic system consisting of lactose, saccharose and bromocresol purple, allowing the differentiation of ... | 1996 | 8966968 |
| [sympathetic reflex dystrophy: an uncommon illness in childhood]. | 1996 | 8967653 | |
| [diagnosis and management of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in newborns and infants]. | many newborns in poland still suffer from acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. the paper discusses the principles of early diagnosis and treatment. | 1996 | 8975223 |
| [enterobacteria in areas of water along the crimean coast]. | characteristic of coliform bacteria in the coastal sea ecosystems is given. a decrease of escherichia coli indicator value was ascertained and presence of klebsiella sp. and citrobacter freundii was revealed, in the sea areas with high level of anthropogenic load. wide distribution of bacteria of enterobacter agglomerans kind was determined in the sea substrates and their stability to unfavourable influences was shown. | 1996 | 8983520 |
| transmission of citrobacter koseri from mother to infant documented by ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | we describe a case in which citrobacter koseri (formerly c. diversus) was transmitted from a pregnant mother with chorioamnionitis and bacteremia to her infant who was bacteremic at birth and in apparent septic shock. two highly discriminating molecular methods, ribotyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis, were used to examine restriction fragment length polymorphisms within the genomic dna of maternal and infant isolates. both techniques identified the maternal and infant isolates as the sa ... | 1996 | 8985657 |
| [antimicrobial activity of cefodizime against clinical isolates]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefodizime (cdzm), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cdzm and control drugs were determined against clinical isolates collected from nation-wide medical institutions and in our laboratory from september to december of 1992 and from september to december of 1995. the results are summarized as follows: 1. bacterial species with no or few strains resistant to cdzm included streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, citrobacter koseri, pr ... | 1996 | 8986558 |
| variation in salmonella core lipopolysaccharide as detected by the monoclonal antibody m105. | the lipopolysaccharide antigenicity of 22 salmonella strains (representing nine serogroups) and four non-salmonellae enterobacteriaceae to the salmonella genus specific monoclonal antibody m105 was analysed. the monoclonal antibody m105 reacted with all 22 salmonella strains. probing sds-page separated lps molecules with mab m105 revealed that the antibody reacted with the core region of all salmonella serovars. however, no reaction was obtained to the long-chain lps of serovars o (salm. adelaid ... | 1996 | 8987449 |
| [lytic lesion of the distal phalanx of a patient with systemic circumscribed sclerosis]. | 1996 | 8991443 | |
| spontaneous bacterial peritonitis caused by citrobacter diversus: case report. | 1997 | 8994770 | |
| the most frequent aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms--changes with time and geographic area: a reflection of aminoglycoside usage patterns? aminoglycoside resistance study groups. | the aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms revealed by two surveys in europe and other countries have been compared to those revealed in earlier studies. mechanisms have become more complex in all bacterial groups. in providencia, serratia, pseudomonas, acinetobacter, and staphylococcus species isolates, genus-specific mechanisms were very common, and it was not possible to see differences between different geographic areas. in other enterobacteriaceae, the increasing complexity of mechanisms was ... | 1997 | 8994779 |
| iron utilization studies in citrobacter species. | seventy-one strains of citrobacter were screened for iron scavenging mechanisms by biologic and chemical assays. essentially all citrobacteria (70/71) were found to elaborate enterobactin-like siderophores by both biologic and chemical assays, however only c. koseri (c. diversus) was found to produce aerobactin. the concentration of ethylenediamine di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (edda) required to inhibit the growth of individual citrobacter strains by depleting free iron ranged from 250 microgr ... | 1996 | 8998976 |
| antimicrobial effects of oligoamines. | twenty-four oligoamines belonging to six (1-6) structurally different types were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activity against 14 different bacterial species comprising a total of 187 strains. ten compounds were able to inhibit growth of at least one strain at concentrations < or = 10 mumol/l. for three compounds, minimum inhibitory concentrations for some strains were even below 1 mumol/l. clear structure-activity relationships showed that the inhibitory effect depended on the bridge ... | 1996 | 9005815 |
| screening of in vitro antibacterial activity from syzygium guineense (willd) hydrosoluble dry extract. | diarrhoea is one of the most important causes of infant mortality in the world. as modern drugs are expensive or unavailable in developing countries, many people use traditional medicines in africa for the treatment of several diseases. in our study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of syzygium guineense extract in order to assess its activity on some bacterial strains involved in diarrhoeal diseases and to justify its use. the aqueous dry extract was prepared by decoction followed by ... | 1996 | 9008903 |
| re-speciation of the original reference strains of serovars in the citrobacter freundii (bethesda-ballerup group) antigenic scheme of west and edwards. | the antigenic scheme for the bethesda-ballerup group of bacteria established by west and edwards in 1954 has continued to be applied as a serotyping scheme for citrobacter freundii. in 1993, however, the classification of the citrobacter was drastically revised and the species c. freundii redefined by brenner et al. accordingly, to judge the propriety to continuously use a single antigenic scheme for the c. freundii complex, the 90 reference strains listed in the antigenic scheme for c. freundii ... | 1996 | 9013489 |
| characterization of the 6'-n-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene aac(6')-im [corrected] associated with a suli-type integron. | the amikacin resistance gene aac(6')-im [corrected] from citrobacter freundii cf155 encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase was characterized. the gene was identified as a coding sequence of 521 bp located down-stream from the 5' conserved segment of an integron. the sequence of this aac(6')-im [corrected] gene corresponded to a protein of 173 amino acids which possessed 64.2% identity in a 165-amino-acid overlap with the aac(6')-ia gene product (f.c. tenover, d. filpula, k.l. phillips ... | 1997 | 9021185 |
| bacterial strains isolated from eggs and their resistance to currently used antibiotics: is there a health hazard for consumers? | in order to study the putative transfer of antibiotic resistance from poultry to humans, hens' eggs were examined for the presence of various pathogens. staphylococcus, enterobacter, escherichia, proteus and pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently isolated genera. sensitivity tests, performed with the kirby-bauer technique, showed the presence of resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (to penicillin-g, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefalosporins, oxacillin, gentamycin, chloramph ... | 1997 | 9023039 |
| [antimicrobial activities of cefetamet against clinical isolates from urinary tract infection]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefetamet (cemt), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cemt and control drugs were determined against gram-negative rods mainly from complicated urinary tract infections examined in our laboratory from april to september of 1994. the results are summarized as follows; 1. the obtained strains were citrobacter diversus 20, citrobacter freundii 30, enterobacter aerogenes 20, enterobacter cloacae 30, serratia marcescens 30, proteus mirabilis 30, ... | 1996 | 9032594 |
| antibacterial activity of t-5575, a novel 2-carboxypenam, and its stability to beta-lactamase. | the in-vitro activity of t-5575, 2-carboxypenam, a new parenteral antibiotic and its stability to beta-lactamases were compared with those of ceftazidime and imipenem. the activity of t-5575 was equal or superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem against gram-negative bacteria that produced penicillinase with the exception of the enzyme oxa-1. against strains that produced cephalosporinase and zinc-dependent beta-lactamase, the activity of t-5575 was superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem. ... | 1997 | 9044025 |
| in-vitro pharmacodynamic studies of piperacillin/tazobactam with gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. | six isolates each of enterococcus faecium, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter spp., serratia spp., acinetobacter spp. and enterobacter spp. (total 60 strains) were studied against the combination of piperacillin/tazobactam plus gentamicin or ciprofloxacin at physiological concentrations by the microtitre chequerboard method incorporating simultaneous time-kill curves. tazobactam was fixed at ... | 1997 | 9044028 |
| [fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance in chromosomal cephalosporinase-overproducing gram-negative bacilli strains with inducible beta-lactamase]. | the increasing prevalence of stable derepressed mutants over-producers of type i chromosomal cephalosporinase in inducible enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa challenges the adequacy of third generation cephalosporins in the empirical treatment of certain nosocomial infections. we sought to determine the frequency of stable over-producers of type i enzyme and their associated resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. | 1996 | 9044634 |
| an homogeneous fluorescence polymerase chain reaction assay to identify salmonella. | we have developed a semiquantitative homogeneous fluorescence assay that combines polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification with direct fluorescence detection (hf-pcr). the assay eliminates the need to perform gel electrophoresis on test samples. using a set of salmonella-specific primers, this system was used to verify suspect colonies from culture plates as salmonella. the fluorescence signal is generated by a nucleic acid dye, yo-pro-1, that is included in the amplification reaction. this ... | 1997 | 9056213 |
| the responses of lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep, offal and bacterial cultures. | the responses of gravid female lucilia cuprina to odours from sheep urine, faeces and gut mucus, and to odours from liver/sodium sulphide mixtures was tested using a bioassay which measured the movement and probing response of walking flies. the same bioassay was used to test the response to odours from cultures of bacteria isolated from liver/sodium sulphide and liver/water mixtures. a significant movement towards odours from faeces, gut mucus and urine was observed. odours from cultures of the ... | 1997 | 9061678 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the ampc beta-lactamase of morganella morganii. | the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of a clinical isolate of morganella morganii was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the beta-lactamase had a pi of 7.4 and conferred a typical ampc susceptibility pattern. the insert obtained was found to encode a protein of 379 amino acids. its deduced amino acid sequence revealed it to be a class c beta-lactamase: 39-56% identity with chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases of serratia marcescens, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter c ... | 1997 | 9066104 |
| a reassessment of the in-vitro activity of colistin sulphomethate sodium. | the in-vitro activity of colistin sulphomethate sodium was compared with that of other commonly used antimicrobial agents against 377 recent clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria (including 94 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with cystic fibrosis) and 16 organisms with defined resistance patterns. colistin was active against most strains of p. aeruginosa (mic90 4 mg/l), shigella spp. (mic90 0.5 mg/l), salmonella spp. (mic90 1 mg/l), acinetobacter spp. (mic90 2 mg/l), citroba ... | 1997 | 9069549 |
| [lipopolysaccharides containing sialic acid]. | sialic acids which are important constituents of animal tissue glycoconjugates are also present in antigens of some bacterial strains. capsular polysaccharides with sialic acid have been extensively studied whereas little is known on lipopolysaccharides which contain sialic acid. the paper presents review of the data concerning structure of bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides. methodological peculiarities were described. specially emphasized were endotoxins of escherichia coli o24, o56, o104 ... | 1996 | 9072762 |
| small cryptic plasmids of multiplasmid, clinical escherichia coli. | clinical isolates of escherichia coli were found to host a multiplicity of plasmids. these were resolved from plasmid gel profiles, from the properties of various transconjugants and transformants of e. coli dh1, by the topoisomerase i relaxation of covalently closed circle plasmid dna, by electron microscopy, and by the determination of their compatibilities. the majority of these were unusually small, cryptic plasmids (scps). from one strain, kl4, 13 electrophoretic bands were resolved to five ... | 1997 | 9073577 |
| detection and identification of citrobacter sedlakii in the czech republic. | the biochemical characters of eight strains identified as citrobacter sedlakii were investigated with the aid of six methods (tube tests, api 50 ch, api 20 e, microscan, biolog, and crystal). all the strains were well defined on the basis of biochemical properties investigated with the aid of laboratory-prepared tube tests. the results obtained by the identification kits could not be correctly interpreted. commercial diagnostic kits should include the reference data necessary for the identificat ... | 1997 | 9084112 |
| cloning and characterization of the eae gene from a dog attaching and effacing escherichia coli strain 4221. | we have cloned and determined the nucleotide sequence of the eae gene from a dog attaching and effacing (a/e) escherichia coli (depec) strain 4221. when comparing the predicted amino acid sequence of the eaedepec to that of the eae proteins from enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), enterohaemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 (ehec), citrobacter freundii biotype 4280, and a swine a/e e. coli strain o45 (pepec), the overall sequence identity was 84, 81, 83 and 83%, respectively, with the greatest divergence at ... | 1997 | 9084152 |
| antimicrobial susceptibilities of blood culture isolates obtained before and after the introduction of ciprofloxacin. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of 1658 blood culture isolates to ciprofloxacin and 13 other antimicrobial agents were determined, and compared with the results for isolates obtained before and after the availability of ciprofloxacin in 1989. only six (0.6%) of 995 enterobacteriaceae were resistant to the fluoroquinolones tested; all of the ciprofloxacin-resistant strains were isolated after 1989 (p = 0.04). no significant increase in ciprofloxacin resistance was found in pseudomonas aeruginosa or ... | 1997 | 9096194 |
| fosfomycin tromethamine. a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy as a single-dose oral treatment for acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. | fosfomycin tromethamine is a phosphonic acid bactericidal agent with in vitro activity against most urinary tract pathogens. it is particularly active against escherichia coli, and citrobacter, enterobacter, klebsiella, serratia and enterococcus spp. there appears to be little cross-resistance between fosfomycin and other antibacterial agents, possibly because it differs from other agents in its general chemical structure and site of action. in its new formulation as the oral tromethamine salt, ... | 1997 | 9098664 |
| effects of tyrosine ring fluorination on rates and equilibria of formation of intermediates in the reactions of carbon-carbon lyases. | the interactions of ring fluorinated analogs of tyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase and tryptophan indole-lyase (tryptophanase) were studied by rapid-scanning stopped-flow spectrophotometry. the reaction of l-tyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase resulted in rapid formation of a small absorbance peak at 500 nm, attributed to a quinonoid intermediate. the reaction of 3-fluoro-l-tyrosine with tyrosine phenol-lyase resulted in a peak at 500 nm with much higher absorbance, as did the reaction of 3,5-d ... | 1997 | 9119037 |
| [characterization of antimicrobial properties of cefpirome]. | the results of a multicentre investigation of antibiotic susceptibility in 800 clinical isolates were analyzed. the levels of susceptibility to cefpirome and other antibiotics in gram-negative organisms with inducable production of chromosomal beta-lactamases (enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter and others) were compared and the advantages of cefpirome over other cephalosporins were shown: 89 per cent of the susceptible strains against 58 to 78 per cent. with respect to other microorganisms the ... | 1996 | 9124987 |
| fatal fungemia resulting from an infected transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. | placement of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt is a well accepted treatment in the management of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding. although morbidity and mortality associated with the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts have dramatically decreased, complications still occur. we report a case of fatal fungemia resulting from an infected transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt stent. | 1997 | 9128335 |
| effect of preventive administration of a nonpathogenic escherichia coli strain on the colonization of the intestine with microbial pathogens in newborn infants. | in a randomized, double-blind study, 27 healthy newborn infants were colonized with the nonpathogenic escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 (e. coli dsm 6601, mutaflor) during the first 5 days of life by daily oral inoculation of 1 ml of a suspension with 10(8) living cells. a second group of 27 newborns, used as controls, received a placebo suspension (1 ml of phosphate-buffered saline) instead. stool samples were taken on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 21, and 6 months after birth. all samples were examin ... | 1997 | 9129791 |
| antibacterial activity of bms-180680, a new catechol-containing monobactam. | the in vitro activities of a new catechol-containing monobactam, bms-180680 (sq 84,100), were compared to those of aztreonam, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. bms-180680 was often the most active compound against many species of the family enterobacteriaceae, with mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic90s) of < or = 0.5 microg/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aero ... | 1997 | 9145861 |
| kinetic investigations with inhibitors that mimic the posthomolysis intermediate in the reactions of coenzyme-b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase and diol dehydratase. | kinetic investigations were performed on the coenzyme-b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase and diol dehydratase reactions using 1,2-propanediol as substrate and [omega-(adenosin-5'-o-yl)alkyl]cobalamins as mimics of the posthomolysis intermediate state of the coenzyme. all the coenzyme-b12 analogues with oligomethylene chains (c3-c7) inserted between the central co atom and the 5' o of the adenosine moiety were competitive inhibitors with respect to coenzyme b12. the apparent inhibition constants ... | 1997 | 9151970 |
| inducible expression of the chromosomal cdia from citrobacter diversus nf85, encoding an ambler class a beta-lactamase, is under similar genetic control to the chromosomal ampc, encoding an ambler class c enzyme, from citrobacter freundii os60. | this study aimed to characterize the molecular basis of beta-lactamase induction in citrobacter diversus. the chromosomal beta-lactamase encoding region from c. diversus, strain nf85, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the cloned region was sequenced and open-reading frames encoding a class a beta-lactamase, designated cdia, and a putative lysr-type transcriptional regulator protein, divergently transcribed from the beta-lactamase gene and designated cdir, were identified. the nucleot ... | 1995 | 9158798 |
| five-year survey of cefotaxime resistance in spain. | during 1991-1995 a spain collaborative study group surveyed the resistance to cefotaxime both in community as well as in hospital isolates of bacteria. the isolates tested during the study period of 5 years were 813, 875, 3631, 3184, and 3050 strains, respectively. antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime was assayed by broth or agar microdilution, in accordance with criteria of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards (nccls). cefotaxime resistance included 2.5% of all isolates: 2.6% ... | 1995 | 9158804 |
| the crystal structure of citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase complexed with 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, together with site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis, demonstrates that arginine 381 is required for substrate specificity. | the x-ray structure of tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) complexed with a substrate analog, 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, shows that arg 381 is located in the substrate binding site, with the side-chain nh1 4.1 a from the 4'-oh of the analog. the structure has been deduced at 2.5 a resolution using crystals that belong to the p2(1)2(1)2 space group with a = 135.07 a, b = 143.91 a, and c = 59.80 a. to evaluate the role of arg 381 in tpl catalysis, we prepared mutant proteins replacing arginine wi ... | 1997 | 9174368 |
| dialysis catheter 'fibrin-sheath stripping': a cautionary tale! | 1997 | 9175070 | |
| [changes in the microbial picture during the production of poultry salami]. | changes in microbiological parameters during the production of fine poultry salami was monitored in a private poultry-processing plant in kosice within a period of six months. this product consists of meat paste or mechanically deboned poultry meat (mdpm), which is produced with the help of a protecon mpb 30 e deboning machine, pork trimmings, water (in the form of crushed ice), salt, spices, and garlic paste. the main raw food material (hand-boned meat and skin from poultry carcasses intended f ... | 1997 | 9182395 |
| [identification of citrobacter species and their occurrence in raw products and foods]. | fifty-nine strains of bacteria were tested in study that were isolated from raw materials and foods (raw milk, farm milking parlors, sausage meat, raw potatoes, cheese, frozen oven-ready foods, confectionery products, cold dishes), and they were included in the genus citrobacter using a commercial diagnostic kit enterotest 16 (lachema a.s., brno), numeric identification program tnw (czech collection of microorganisms, faculty of science of masaryk university at brno) and identification key (o'ha ... | 1997 | 9182396 |
| in-vitro microbiological assessment of a new penem, men 10700. | the in-vitro antibacterial activity of men 10700, a novel penem, has been compared with that of ritipenem, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, cefotaxime and co-amoxiclav against 539 strains taken from 17 genera. men 10700 was most active against staphylococci and streptococci (mic90 < 0.5 mg/l), slightly less active against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., moraxella catarrhalis and peptostreptococci (mic90 0.5-2 mg/l), moderately active against enterococcus fae ... | 1997 | 9184355 |
| rational use of antibiotics in neonatal infections. | review of the management of neonatal infections is done with the aim of guiding the clinician on appropriate therapy. minimum investigations should include a white blood cell count including the l:t ratio and a blood culture. the bulk of infections at kenyatta national hospital newborn unit are caused by klebsiela, citrobacter and staphylococcus aureus. during the 1990's considerable resistance to gentamicin has developed. currently, cephalosporins chloramphenicol have the best sensitivity patte ... | 1997 | 9185409 |
| widespread occurrence of integrons causing multiple antibiotic resistance in bacteria. | 1997 | 9193388 | |
| citrobacter freundii and fatal neutropenic enterocolitis following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. | 1997 | 9209673 | |
| reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens in neonatal intensive care unit. | a total of 256 swabs taken from different areas of neonatal intensive care units (icu) in kcg hospital and amc hospital, bangalore were bacteriologically investigated for prevalence, source and spread of nosocomial bacteria. culture studies revealed growth in 217 (84.8%) swab samples indicating considerable contamination of different areas of the units and sources of infection. klebsiella pneumoniae (27.3%) was the predominant organism followed by esch coli (16.8%), staph aureus (11.7%), staph e ... | 1997 | 9212573 |
| [the effect of cefepime on ceftazidime, cefotaxime and imipenem resistant strains of acinetobacter, xanthomonas, pseudomonas, flavobacterium, sphingobacterium and on producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) with resistance transfer]. | the new cephalosporins with heterocyclic positively charged substituent at position c3 belong to the 4th generation cephalosporins. it is not evident, whereas these antibiotics are effective against cefotaxime-ceftazidime-resistant bacteria. we investigated the efficiency of the cefepime (maxipime, bms) against acinetobacter sp., x. maltophilia, pseudomonas sp., flavobacterium sp., sphingobacterium sp. and against strains with production of esbl (extended spectrum beta-lactamases) (enterobacter ... | 1997 | 9221190 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against sensitive and resistant aerobic bacteria using the standard microdilution broth method and etest. | a comparison of mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) determined by the standard microdilution broth method versus the etest was performed for multiple strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a comparison was also made of the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. the mic50 and mic90 were determined by both methods for each species tested. the etest resulted in mics one to two dilutions higher than the microdilution broth method. trovafloxacin was the mos ... | 1997 | 9222068 |
| infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | to identify the characteristics and outcomes of infectious crystalline keratopathy caused by gram-negative bacteria. | 1997 | 9222227 |
| binding of monoclonal antibody 4b1 to homologs of the lactose permease of escherichia coli. | the conformationally sensitive epitope for monoclonal antibody (mab) 4b1, which uncouples lactose from h+ translocation in the lactose permease of escherichia coli, is localized in the periplasmic loop between helices vii and viii (loop vii/viii) on one face of a short helical segment (sun j, et al., 1996, biochemistry 35;990-998). comparison of sequences in the region corresponding to loop vii/viii in members of cluster 5 of the major facilitator superfamily (mfs), which includes five homologou ... | 1997 | 9232651 |
| sensitivity to ph, product inhibition, and inhibition by nad+ of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase purified from enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210. | because of its key role in the metabolism of glycerol during fermentation, 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.202) of enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210 was purified to homogeneity and studied with respect to its sensitivity to ph and to nucleotide and 1,3-propanediol concentrations. enzyme activity was optimal at ph 7.8. the enzyme was competitively inhibited by nad+ (ki of 0.29 mm), and 1,3-propanediol exerted a strong inhibitory effect according to a mixed-type inhibition with a ki of 13 ... | 1997 | 9238108 |
| citrobacter koseri osteomyelitis in an infant. | a 3-week-old infant developed left shoulder swelling and was found to have septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the humerus caused by citrobacter koseri (formerly c. diversus). citrobacter species are gram-negative rods that are best known for their propensity to cause neonatal meningitis, ventriculitis and concomitant brain abscess. non-central nervous system infections are rare. the present case illustrates that neonatal osteomyelitis caused by unusual organisms can present to pediatricians i ... | 1997 | 9241910 |
| [new data on the specificity and genetic control of the capsular antigen (f1) in yersinia pestis]. | the specific features of the synthesis of antigenic fractions f1, obtained from the strains of different species of enterobacteria and their hybrids inheriting y. pestis plasmid pyt, were determined at different cultivation temperatures and the preparations of these antigenic fractions were characterized. preparations containing the diagnostic antigenic determinant f1 were obtained from disintegrated bacteria of y. pestis plasmid-free strain and microbial cells of klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobac ... | 1997 | 9245136 |
| role of the colicin a lysis protein in the expression of the colicin a operon. | the involvement of the cal gene, which encodes the colicin a lysis protein, in the expression of the colicin a operon is demonstrated. colicin a synthesis by escherichia coli was studied at various temperatures in cells containing either the wild-type colicin a operon or the colicin a operon with the cal gene deleted. the amount of colicin a produced was lower in cells containing the colicin a operon devoid of the cal gene than in wild-type cells. in cells treated with the antibiotic globomycin, ... | 1997 | 9245818 |
| localization of enzymically enhanced heavy metal accumulation by citrobacter sp. and metal accumulation in vitro by liposomes containing entrapped enzyme. | a heavy-metal-accumulating citrobacter sp. has been used for the treatment of metal-laden industrial wastes. metal uptake is mediated via a cell-bound phosphatase that liberates inorganic phosphate which precipitates with heavy metals as cell-bound metal phosphate. a phosphatase-efficient mutant accumulated little uo(2)2+, while a phosphatase-overproducing mutant accumulated correspondingly more metal, with a uranium loading equivalent to the bacterial dry weight achieved after 6 h exposure of r ... | 1997 | 9245830 |
| citrobacter freundii and fatal neutropenic enterocolitis following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. | neutropenic enterocolitis is increasingly being recognized as a life-threatening complication of chemotherapy, mainly for haematological and lymphoproliferative malignancies. it is under-recognized clinically, with the diagnosis often being made on post-mortem examination. although active medical management is generally preferred, surgical intervention may be indicated. we report a case of fatal neutropenic enterocolitis, secondary to citrobacter freundii, following adjuvant chemotherapy for bre ... | 1997 | 9269550 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria in a french hospital. | between june 1992 and june 1993, 128 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (123 klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 escherichia coli, 1 enterobacter aerogenes, and 1 citrobacter diversus) were collected in a french university hospital. these isolates were recovered mainly from patients hospitalized in intensive care and neurosurgery units. the 128 strains were divided into 14 antibiotypes (atbs; atb1 to atb14); 102 of 103 nonredundant isolates were shown to produce an shv-4-related exte ... | 1997 | 9272388 |
| the tpl promoter of citrobacter freundii is activated by the tyrr protein. | the ability of microorganisms to degrade l-tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia is catalyzed by the inducible enzyme l-tyrosine phenol lyase (ec 4.1.99.2). to investigate possible mechanisms for how the synthesis of this enzyme is regulated, a variety of biochemical and genetic procedures was used to analyze transcription from the tpl promoter of citrobacter freundii atcc 29063 (c. braakii). by computer analysis of the region upstream of the tpl structural gene, two segments of dna bearing ... | 1997 | 9294452 |
| characterization and amino acid sequence analysis of a new oxyimino cephalosporin-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamase from serratia fonticola cuv. | serratia fonticola cuv produces two isoenzymes (forms i and ii) with beta-lactamase activity which were purified by a five-step procedure. the isoenzymes had identical kinetic parameters and isoelectric point (pi = 8.12). they were characterized by a specific activity towards benzylpenicillin of 1650 u/mg. the beta-lactamase hydrolyzed benzylpenicillin, amoxycillin, ureidopenicillins, first- and second-generation cephalosporins. carboxypenicillins and isoxazolylpenicillins were hydrolyzed to a l ... | 1997 | 9300809 |
| glycerol conversion to 1,3-propanediol by clostridium pasteurianum: cloning and expression of the gene encoding 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. | when grown on glycerol as sole carbon and energy source, cell extracts of clostridium pasteurianum exhibited activities of glycerol dehydrogenase, dihydroxyacetone kinase, glycerol dehydratase and 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. the genes encoding the latter two enzymes were cloned by colony hybridization using the dhat gene of citrobacter freundii as a heterologous dna probe and expressed in escherichia coli. the native molecular mass of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (dhat) is 440,000 da. the dh ... | 1997 | 9311132 |
| mutations in the gyra and parc genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. | we determined partial sequences of the gyra and parc genes of citrobacter freundii type strain, and then examined 38 c. freundii clinical strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections for the association of alterations in gyra and parc with susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. our results suggest that in c. freundii dna gyrase may be a primary target of quinolones, that an amino acid change at thr-83 or asp-87 in gyra is sufficient to decrease susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, an ... | 1997 | 9311142 |
| effect of vancomycin on intestinal flora of patients who previously received antimicrobial therapy. | to evaluate the ecological disturbances of peroral vancomycin administration following cephalosporin administration, 20 healthy volunteers received cefuroxime axetil tablets (250 mg) perorally twice a day for 1 week, and 10 of these volunteers subsequently received vancomycin capsules (125 mg) perorally four times daily for 7 days. the concentration of vancomycin in feces after 1 week of vancomycin administration was high (mean +/- sd, 520 +/- 197 mg/kg), which correlated with the ecological dis ... | 1997 | 9314469 |
| distribution of a sub-class of bacterial abc polar amino acid transporter and identification of an n-terminal region involved in solute specificity. | a new sub-class of binding protein-dependent transporter with specificity for a broad range of polar amino acids has been identified by sequence comparison, in rhizobium leguminosarum, rhodobacter capsulatus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas fluorescens. southern blotting and pcr analysis has shown that transporters from this new sub-class are widely distributed in gram-negative bacteria, including, in addition to the above, citrobacter freundii, erwinia carotovorum and rhizobium meliloti. abc t ... | 1997 | 9315727 |
| molecular epidemiology of a nosocomial outbreak due to shv-4-producing strains of citrobacter diversus. | over a 6-month period, eight strains of citrobacter diversus (citrobacter koseri) resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams were isolated from seven colonized and/or infected patients from the same intensive care unit. all strains harbored a single large conjugative plasmid which mediated an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase of the shv-4 type (ceftazidimase phenotype; enzyme pi, 7.8; plasmid dna hybridization with a blashv-specific probe). all strains were characterized by ant ... | 1997 | 9316908 |
| occurrence and detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in members of the family enterobacteriaceae at a veterans medical center: seek and you may find. | a total of 907 consecutive isolates of members of the family enterobacteriaceae recovered during a 20-week period were tested for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) by the double-disk (dd) potentiation method. of 84 dd-positive isolates, 83 (9.2%) produced esbls based on isoelectric focusing. shv-derived esbls and several tem-derived esbls were present in nine species, including the first isolate of citrobacter koserii and morganella morganii known to harbor an shv-derived e ... | 1997 | 9316913 |
| molecular epidemiology of acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nonoutbreak setting. | we prospectively studied the acquisition of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli (caz-rgn) in two surgical intensive care units (sicu) during a nonoutbreak period. surveillance cultures were obtained from patients at the time of admission and serially thereafter. caz-rgn isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). three hundred and forty-three patients were enrolled from whom 1,621 baseline and follow-up cultures were obtained. the most common species isolated from pat ... | 1997 | 9316915 |
| citrobacter sedlakii meningitis and brain abscess in a premature infant. | citrobacter sedlakii was isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures of a 5-day-old premature infant with sepsis, meningitis, and brain abscess. this newly described organism was difficult to identify due to discrepancies between the vitek and api 20e identification systems. to our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of c. sedlakii from cerebrospinal fluid. | 1997 | 9316937 |
| inducible amp c beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli from blood stream infections: frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology in a national surveillance program (scope). | a surveillance study of nosocomial blood stream infections [surveillance and control of pathogens of epidemiologic importance (scope)] was conducted during a 14-month period in 1995 to 1996 in approximately 50 american medical centers. among the 4725 blood stream infections, the etiologic agent was enterobacter spp. in 230, citrobacter freundii in 24, and serratia marcescens in 65. the vast majority of these isolates (89%) had been sent to the university of iowa including 198 enterobacter spp. ( ... | 1997 | 9327251 |
| mechanism of suppression of piperacillin resistance in enterobacteria by tazobactam. | resistance to piperacillin in several isolates of citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae was investigated and confirmed to occur at a frequency of 10(-7) to 10(-6). development of resistance to piperacillin was significantly suppressed by tazobactam but not by clavulanic acid. to elucidate the mechanism by which resistance suppression occurs, the effect of piperacillin plus tazobactam on the induction of ampc beta-lactamase was analyzed by monitoring the beta-galactosidase activity of an ... | 1997 | 9333044 |
| propanediol utilization genes (pdu) of salmonella typhimurium: three genes for the propanediol dehydratase. | the propanediol utilization (pdu) operon of salmonella typhimurium encodes proteins required for the catabolism of propanediol, including a coenzyme b12-dependent propanediol dehydratase. a clone that expresses propanediol dehydratase activity was isolated from a salmonella genomic library. dna sequence analysis showed that the clone included part of the pduf gene, the pduabcde genes, and a long partial open reading frame (orf1). the clone included 3.9 kbp of pdu dna which had not been previousl ... | 1997 | 9352910 |
| neonatal meningitis and multiple brain abscesses due to citrobacter diversus. | we report a fatal sporadic case of neonatal citrobacter diversus meningitis with rapid clinical progression. at autopsy, multiple brain abscesses and abscesses in the spinal cord had complicated purulent meningitis. septic omphalitis was identified as the most likely portal of entry. | 1997 | 9353837 |
| carbapenem resistance in a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii. | carbapenem resistance was studied in two sets of citrobacter freundii strains: (i) strain cfr950, resistant to imipenem (mic, 16 microg/ml) and isolated in vivo during imipenem therapy, and strain cfr950-rev, the spontaneous, imipenem-susceptible revertant of cfr950 selected in vitro, and (ii) strains cfr801 and cfr802, two imipenem-resistant mutants selected in vitro from the susceptible clinical isolate cfr800. in all strains, whether they were imipenem-susceptible or -resistant strains, produ ... | 1997 | 9371332 |
| cloning and characterization of an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase gene from citrobacter freundii which confers an altered resistance profile. | a novel gene encoding a 6'-n-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, aac(6')-in, has been cloned and sequenced from citrobacter freundii 13996-19, a clinical isolate from venezuela. this gene mediates resistance to amikacin, 2'-n-ethylnetilmicin, isepamicin, kanamycin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. the aac(6')-in gene is 573 nucleotides in length and encodes a putative protein of 190 amino acids. aac(6')-in is most closely related to aac(6')-im and aac(6')-ie, demonstrating 64.4% and 62.3% similarity, r ... | 1997 | 9371347 |
| characterization of blatem-3 and blashv-4 beta-lactamase-encoding genes in citrobacter diversus. | 1997 | 9371377 | |
| vertical transmission of a citrobacter infection. | citrobacter species have rarely been described as-etiological factors of intraamniotic infections. citrobacter is not a normal inhabitant of the female genital tract. vertical transmission of citrobacter from mother to fetus has rarely been reported. a 21-year-old primigravida presented to labor and delivery at 40 6/7 weeks' gestation complaining of ruptured membranes, painful uterine contractions, and fever. an intraamniotic infection was diagnosed and antibiotics begun. she was subsequently de ... | 1997 | 9376007 |
| 3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase as a marker enzyme of the mesaconate pathway for (s)-glutamate fermentation in enterobacteriaceae. | the enzyme 3-methylaspartase (3-methylaspartate ammonia-lyase, ec 4. 3.1.2) was found in the cells of enteric bacteria, especially in the genera citrobacter and morganella, that were grown under anoxic and oxygen-limited conditions. the enzymes were purified to homogeneity from the cell-free extracts of 18 active strains and had similar enzymological properties such as action on columns, specific activity, molecular weight, subunit structure, and n-terminal amino acid sequence similarity. the pr ... | 1997 | 9385136 |
| antibiotic susceptibility of blood culture isolates of enterobacteriaceae from six norwegian hospitals 1991-1992. | from august 1991 to february 1992, each of the six largest hospitals throughout norway collected 84 to 107 consecutive blood culture isolates of enterobacteriaceae, altogether 571 isolates. the distribution of various species and genera at the different hospitals was uniform; escherichia coli being most prevalent (57-67%), followed by klebsiella spp. (12-18%) and proteus mirabilis (7-11%). twenty-one and 4% of e. coli isolates were resistant to ampicillin and cefuroxime, respectively, and 11% of ... | 1997 | 9393556 |
| citrobacter farmeri bacteremia in a child with short-bowel syndrome. | a case of sepsis in a pediatric patient due to the newly described citrobacter species c. farmeri is described. factors predisposing this child to infection included short-bowel syndrome requiring total parenteral nutrition. | 1997 | 9399558 |
| production of escherichia coli group i-like heat-labile enterotoxin by enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental water. | strains of klebsiella oxytoca (2), citrobacter freundii (2), enterobacter cloacae (1) and escherichia coli (1) isolated from environmental water were identified as heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) producing strains by immunological methods and polymerase chain amplification. a 322 bp amplified fragment was obtained with specific primers ltr and ltl, and hybridized to a digoxigenin-labelled ltb probe only under low stringency conditions, and not with a cholera toxin probe. these results suggest that ... | 1997 | 9418038 |
| comparison of viab regions of vi-positive organisms. | we cloned the vipr genes from salmonella paratyphi c, s. dublin, and citrobacter freundii strains and compared them with the s. typhi sequence to clarify the genetic relationship of the viab regions of vi-positive organisms. viab regions were divided into two groups based on their sequences, the salmonella and c. freundii groups. the vipr coding sequences of the salmonella group were identical. southern blot hybridization results using the full-length viab region as a probe support these finding ... | 1997 | 9418239 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-834, a novel oral carbapenem. | cs-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. this compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite r-95867. the antibacterial activity of r-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. r-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. its activity was superior t ... | 1997 | 9420035 |
| regulation of whole blood tumor necrosis factor production upon endotoxin stimulation after severe blunt trauma. | trauma has been recognized to be accompanied by alterations of leukocyte functions such as cytokine release. the regulatory principles involved in these changes are still poorly defined. to further characterize leukocyte function after multiple trauma, endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (tnf) production of trauma patients' whole blood and a possible regulatory mechanism were studied. | 1997 | 9420099 |
| detection and speciation of bacteria through pcr using universal major cold-shock protein primer oligomers. | the detection of bacteria using pcr is a well-established diagnostic technique. however, conventional pcr requires the use of dna primer oligomers that are specific to the target organism and, as a consequence, a sample can only be tested for the presence of that specific target. a significant advantage would be to probe a sample for the presence of any bacteria, followed by identification. to achieve this it is necessary to identify a dna sequence common to all bacteria. here we demonstrate tha ... | 1997 | 9439003 |