Publications

xanthomonas campestris pqqd in the pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis operon adopts a novel saddle-like fold that possibly serves as a pqq carrier.		2009	19475705
insights into the alkyl peroxide reduction pathway of xanthomonas campestris bacterioferritin comigratory protein from the trapped intermediate-ligand complex structures.	considerable insights into the oxidoreduction activity of the xanthomonas campestris bacterioferritin comigratory protein (xcbcp) have been obtained from trapped intermediate/ligand complex structures determined by x-ray crystallography. multiple sequence alignment and enzyme assay indicate that xcbcp belongs to a subfamily of atypical 2-cys peroxiredoxins (prxs), containing a strictly conserved peroxidatic cysteine (c(p)48) and an unconserved resolving cysteine (c(r)84). crystals at different s ...	2009	19477183
intraspecies signaling involving the diffusible signal factor bdsf (cis-2-dodecenoic acid) influences virulence in burkholderia cenocepacia.	burkholderia cenocepacia produces a diffusible fatty acid signal molecule, cis-2-dodecenoic acid (bdsf), that has been implicated in interspecies and interkingdom communication. here, we show that bdsf also acts as an intraspecies signal in b. cenocepacia to control factors contributing to virulence of this major opportunistic pathogen.	2009	19482924
signals, regulatory networks, and materials that build and break bacterial biofilms.	biofilms are communities of microorganisms that live attached to surfaces. biofilm formation has received much attention in the last decade, as it has become clear that virtually all types of bacteria can form biofilms and that this may be the preferred mode of bacterial existence in nature. our current understanding of biofilm formation is based on numerous studies of myriad bacterial species. here, we review a portion of this large body of work including the environmental signals and signaling ...	2009	19487730
antibacterial activity of a disaccharide isolated from streptomyces sp. strain jj45 against xanthomonas sp.	of the 316 actinomycetes strains isolated from various habitats, streptomyces sp. strain jj45 showed the strongest antibiotic activity against the plant pathogenic bacteria xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and was thus chosen for further study. the 16s rrna gene sequence (1500 bp) and rpob gene partial sequence (306 bp) of streptomyces strains jj45a and jj45b were determined. the respective strain jj45b sequences exhibited 96.8% identity with the streptococcus gelaticus 16s rrna gene sequen ...	2009	19493015
chroma: signal-based retention time alignment for chromatography-mass spectrometry data.	we describe chroma, a web-based alignment tool for chromatography-mass spectrometry data from the metabolomics and proteomics domains. users can supply their data in open and standardized file formats for retention time alignment using dynamic time warping with different configurable local distance and similarity functions. additionally, user-defined anchors can be used to constrain and speedup the alignment. a neighborhood around each anchor can be added to increase the flexibility of the const ...	2009	19505941
lifestyles of the effector rich: genome-enabled characterization of bacterial plant pathogens.		2009	19515788
fur controls iron homeostasis and oxidative stress defense in the oligotrophic alpha-proteobacterium caulobacter crescentus.	in most bacteria, the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is a global regulator that controls iron homeostasis and other cellular processes, such as oxidative stress defense. in this work, we apply a combination of bioinformatics, in vitro and in vivo assays to identify the caulobacter crescentus fur regulon. a c. crescentus fur deletion mutant showed a slow growth phenotype, and was hypersensitive to h(2)o(2) and organic peroxide. using a position weight matrix approach, several predicted fur-binding ...	2009	19520766
molecular diversity and gene expression of cotton erf transcription factors reveal that group ixa members are responsive to jasmonate, ethylene and xanthomonas.	several ethylene-response factor (erf) transcription factors are believed to play a crucial role in the activation of plant defence responses, but little is known about the relationships between the diversity of this family and the functions of groups or individual erfs in this process. in this study, 200 erf genes from the unigene cotton database were identified. conserved amino acid residues and phylogeny reconstruction using the ap2 conserved domain suggest that the classification into 10 maj ...	2009	19523101
a cell wall-degrading esterase of xanthomonas oryzae requires a unique substrate recognition module for pathogenesis on rice.	xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice (oryza sativa). lipa is a secretory virulence factor of xoo, implicated in degradation of rice cell walls and the concomitant elicitation of innate immune responses, such as callose deposition and programmed cell death. here, we present the high-resolution structural characterization of lipa that reveals an all-helical ligand binding module as a distinct functional attachment to the canonical hydrolase catalyti ...	2009	19525415
prediction of type iii secretion signals in genomes of gram-negative bacteria.	pathogenic bacteria infecting both animals as well as plants use various mechanisms to transport virulence factors across their cell membranes and channel these proteins into the infected host cell. the type iii secretion system represents such a mechanism. proteins transported via this pathway ("effector proteins") have to be distinguished from all other proteins that are not exported from the bacterial cell. although a special targeting signal at the n-terminal end of effector proteins has bee ...	2009	19526054
common themes in the design and function of bacterial effectors.	central to the biology of many pathogenic bacteria are a number of specialized machines, known as type iii, type iv, or type vi protein secretion systems. these machines have specifically evolved to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells with the capacity to modulate a variety of cellular functions. the identification of the biochemical activities of many effector proteins, coupled with a better understanding of their potential contribution to pathogenesis, has revealed common theme ...	2009	19527884
streptococcus gordonii modulates candida albicans biofilm formation through intergeneric communication.	the fungus candida albicans colonizes human oral cavity surfaces in conjunction with a complex microflora. c. albicans sc5314 formed biofilms on saliva-coated surfaces that in early stages of development consisted of approximately 30% hyphal forms. in mixed biofilms with the oral bacterium streptococcus gordonii dl1, hyphal development by c. albicans was enhanced so that biofilms consisted of approximately 60% hyphal forms. cell-cell contact between s. gordonii and c. albicans involved streptoco ...	2009	19528215
fine-structured multi-scaling long-range correlations in completely sequenced genomes--features, origin, and classification.	the sequential organization of genomes, i.e. the relations between distant base pairs and regions within sequences, and its connection to the three-dimensional organization of genomes is still a largely unresolved problem. long-range power-law correlations were found using correlation analysis on almost the entire observable scale of 132 completely sequenced chromosomes of 0.5 x 10(6) to 3.0 x 10(7) bp from archaea, bacteria, arabidopsis thaliana, saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccharomyces po ...	2009	19533117
slya, a marr family transcriptional regulator, is essential for virulence in dickeya dadantii 3937.	slya, a marr family transcriptional regulator, controls an assortment of biological functions in several animal-pathogenic bacteria. in order to elucidate the functions of slya in the phytopathogen dickeya dadantii (formerly erwinia chrysanthemi) 3937, a slya gene deletion mutant (denoted deltaslya) was constructed. the mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to sodium hypochlorite, the cationic antimicrobial peptide polymyxin b, and oxidative stress. the mutant showed reduced production of pecta ...	2009	19542281
trypanosoma cruzi: antiproliferative effect of indole phytoalexins on intracellular amastigotes in vitro.	american trypanosomiasis (chagas disease) continues to be a significant public health problem, and the therapeutic potential of current antichagasic agents (nifurtimox and benznidazole) is rather limited. here we report on the antitrypanosomal effect of 1-methoxyspirobrassinol and other indole phytoalexins--secondary metabolites produced by cruciferous plants. these compounds, that previously demonstrated antimicrobial and anticancer properties, displayed significant antiproliferative effects on ...	2009	19545522
characterization of zur-dependent genes and direct zur targets in yersinia pestis.	the zinc uptake regulator zur is a zn2+-sensing metalloregulatory protein involved in the maintenance of bacterial zinc homeostasis. up to now, regulation of zinc homeostasis by zur is poorly understood in y. pestis.	2009	19552825
characterization of a multimeric, eukaryotic prolyl aminopeptidase: an inducible and highly specific intracellular peptidase from the non-pathogenic fungus talaromyces emersonii.	fungi are capable of degrading proteins in their environment by secreting peptidases. however, the link between extracellular digestion and intracellular proteolysis has scarcely been investigated. mycelial lysates of the filamentous fungus talaromyces emersonii were screened for intracellular peptidase production. five distinct proteolytic activities with specificity for the p-nitroanilide (pna) peptides suc-aapf-pna, suc-aaa-pna, k-pna, f-pna and p-pna were identified. the native enzyme respon ...	2009	19556294
structure and function of a complex between chorismate mutase and dahp synthase: efficiency boost for the junior partner.	chorismate mutase catalyzes a key step in the shikimate biosynthetic pathway towards phenylalanine and tyrosine. curiously, the intracellular chorismate mutase of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtcm; rv0948c) has poor activity and lacks prominent active-site residues. however, its catalytic efficiency increases >100-fold on addition of dahp synthase (mtds; rv2178c), another shikimate-pathway enzyme. the 2.35 a crystal structure of the mtcm-mtds complex bound to a transition-state analogue shows a c ...	2009	19556970
recent advances in pamp-triggered immunity against bacteria: pattern recognition receptors watch over and raise the alarm.		2009	19561123
rin4 functions with plasma membrane h+-atpases to regulate stomatal apertures during pathogen attack.	pathogen perception by the plant innate immune system is of central importance to plant survival and productivity. the arabidopsis protein rin4 is a negative regulator of plant immunity. in order to identify additional proteins involved in rin4-mediated immune signal transduction, we purified components of the rin4 protein complex. we identified six novel proteins that had not previously been implicated in rin4 signaling, including the plasma membrane (pm) h(+)-atpases aha1 and/or aha2. rin4 int ...	2009	19564897
comparative large-scale analysis of interactions between several crop species and the effector repertoires from multiple pathovars of pseudomonas and ralstonia.	bacterial plant pathogens manipulate their hosts by injection of numerous effector proteins into host cells via type iii secretion systems. recognition of these effectors by the host plant leads to the induction of a defense reaction that often culminates in a hypersensitive response manifested as cell death. genes encoding effector proteins can be exchanged between different strains of bacteria via horizontal transfer, and often individual strains are capable of infecting multiple hosts. host p ...	2009	19571308
genetic analysis of a novel xylella fastidiosa subspecies found in the southwestern united states.	xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of several scorch diseases, is associated with leaf scorch symptoms in chitalpa tashkentensis, a common ornamental landscape plant used throughout the southwestern united states. for a number of years, many chitalpa trees in southern new mexico and arizona exhibited leaf scorch symptoms, and the results from a regional survey show that chitalpa trees from new mexico, arizona, and california are frequently infected with x. fastidiosa. phylogenetic analysis of ...	2009	19581467
coexpression of omega subunit in e. coli is required for the maintenance of enzymatic activity of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris rna polymerase.	in this study, plasmid pbbad22k was modulated to be able to coexpress the subunits of xanthomonascampestris pv. campestris (xcc) core rna polymerase (rnap) in an escherichia coli host. the subunit-encoding genes of xcc core rnap were pcr-amplified respectively to convert into gene cassettes in which an intact subunit-encoding gene and a ribosome binding site (rbs) preceding the gene were contained, and were then cloned one by one into pbbad22k. in addition, a hexahistidine tag (his-tag) was intr ...	2010	19583999
d-xylose degradation pathway in the halophilic archaeon haloferax volcanii.	the pathway of d-xylose degradation in archaea is unknown. in a previous study we identified in haloarcula marismortui the first enzyme of xylose degradation, an inducible xylose dehydrogenase (johnsen, u., and schönheit, p. (2004) j. bacteriol. 186, 6198-6207). here we report a comprehensive study of the complete d-xylose degradation pathway in the halophilic archaeon haloferax volcanii. the analyses include the following: (i) identification of the degradation pathway in vivo following (13)c-la ...	2009	19584053
crystal structures of the reduced, sulfenic acid, and mixed disulfide forms of sarz, a redox active global regulator in staphylococcus aureus.	sarz is a global transcriptional regulator that uses a single cysteine residue, cys(13), to sense peroxide stress and control metabolic switching and virulence in staphylococcus aureus. sarz belongs to the single-cysteine class of ohrr-mgra proteins that play key roles in oxidative resistance and virulence regulation in various bacteria. we present the crystal structures of the reduced form, sulfenic acid form, and mixed disulfide form of sarz. both the sulfenic acid and mixed disulfide forms ar ...	2009	19586910
the seattle structural genomics center for infectious disease (ssgcid).	the niaid-funded seattle structural genomics center for infectious disease (ssgcid) is a consortium established to apply structural genomics approaches to potential drug targets from niaid priority organisms for biodefense and emerging and re-emerging diseases. the mission of the ssgcid is to determine approximately 400 protein structures over the next five years. in order to maximize biomedical impact, ligand-based drug-lead discovery campaigns will be pursued for a small number of high-impact ...	2009	19594426
genomic and systems evolution in vibrionaceae species.	the steadily increasing number of prokaryotic genomes has accelerated the study of genome evolution; in particular, the availability of sets of genomes from closely related bacteria has facilitated the exploration of the mechanisms underlying genome plasticity. the family vibrionaceae is found in the gammaproteobacteria and is abundant in aquatic environments. taxa from the family vibrionaceae are diversified in their life styles; some species are free living, others are symbiotic, and others ar ...	2009	19594870
integrase-directed recovery of functional genes from genomic libraries.	large population sizes, rapid growth and 3.8 billion years of evolution firmly establish microorganisms as a major source of the planet's biological and genetic diversity. however, up to 99% of the microorganisms in a given environment cannot be cultured. culture-independent methods that directly access the genetic potential of an environmental sample can unveil new proteins with diverse functions, but the sequencing of random dna can generate enormous amounts of extraneous data. integrons are r ...	2009	19596808
clp and rpff up-regulate transcription of pela1 gene encoding the major pectate lyase in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.	exopolysaccharide and several extracellular enzymes of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), the causative agent of black rot in crucifers, are virulence determinants. in this study, two xcc annotated extracellular pectate lyase genes, pela1 and pela2, belonging to family 1 of the polysaccharide lyase, were characterized. sequence and mutational analyses have demonstrated that pela1 encodes the major pectate lyase, whereas pela2 is not transcribed. using the 5' race method, the pela1 tran ...	2009	19601664
p2cs: a two-component system resource for prokaryotic signal transduction research.	with the escalation of high throughput prokaryotic genome sequencing, there is an ever-increasing need for databases that characterise, catalogue and present data relating to particular gene sets and genomes/metagenomes. two-component system (tcs) signal transduction pathways are the dominant mechanisms by which micro-organisms sense and respond to external as well as internal environmental changes. these systems respond to a wide range of stimuli by triggering diverse physiological adjustments, ...	2009	19604365
molecular geometry of csra (rsma) binding to rna and its implications for regulated expression.	the global regulatory protein csra binds to the 5'-untranslated leader of target transcripts and alters their translation and/or stability. csra is a symmetrical homodimer containing two identical rna-binding surfaces. gel shift assays with model rna substrates now show that csra can bind simultaneously at two target sites within a transcript (bridging or dual-site binding). an intersite distance of approximately 18 nucleotides (nt) was optimal, although bridging occurred with an intersite dista ...	2009	19619561
the dimer formed by the periplasmic domain of epsl from the type 2 secretion system of vibrio parahaemolyticus.	the type 2 secretion system (t2ss), occurring in many gram-negative bacteria, is responsible for the transport of a diversity of proteins from the periplasm across the outer membrane into the extracellular space. in vibrio cholerae, the t2ss secretes several unrelated proteins including the major virulence factor cholera toxin. the t2ss consists of three sub-assemblies, one of which is the inner membrane complex which contains multiple copies of five proteins, including the bitopic membrane prot ...	2009	19646531
pilz protein structure and interactions with pilb and the fimx eal domain: implications for control of type iv pilus biogenesis.	the pilz protein was originally identified as necessary for type iv pilus (t4p) biogenesis. since then, a large and diverse family of bacterial pilz homology domains have been identified, some of which have been implicated in signaling pathways that control important processes, including motility, virulence and biofilm formation. furthermore, many pilz homology domains, though not pilz itself, have been shown to bind the important bacterial second messenger bis(3'-->5')cyclic digmp (c-digmp). th ...	2009	19646999
o-linked beta-n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac): extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription in response to nutrients and stress.	since its discovery in the early 1980s, o-linked-beta-n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac), a single sugar modification on the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues, has changed our views of protein glycosylation. while other forms of protein glycosylation modify proteins on the cell surface or within luminal compartments of the secretory machinery, o-glcnac modifies myriad nucleocytoplasmic proteins. glcnacylated proteins are involved in transcription, ubiquitination, cell cycle, and stress ...	2009	19647786
o-linked beta-n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac): extensive crosstalk with phosphorylation to regulate signaling and transcription in response to nutrients and stress.	since its discovery in the early 1980s, o-linked-beta-n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac), a single sugar modification on the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues, has changed our views of protein glycosylation. while other forms of protein glycosylation modify proteins on the cell surface or within luminal compartments of the secretory machinery, o-glcnac modifies myriad nucleocytoplasmic proteins. glcnacylated proteins are involved in transcription, ubiquitination, cell cycle, and stress ...	2009	19647786
cloning, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray studies of flagellar hook scaffolding protein flgd from pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1.	flgd regulates the assembly of the hook cap structure to prevent leakage of hook monomers into the medium and hook monomer polymerization and also plays a role in determination of the correct hook length, with the help of the flik protein. in order to better elucidate the functions of flgd in flagellar hook biosynthesis, the three-dimensional structure of flgd is being determined by x-ray crystallography. here, the expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analys ...	2009	19652342
amplified fragment length polymorphism and multilocus sequence analysis-based genotypic relatedness among pathogenic variants of xanthomonas citri pv. citri and xanthomonas campestris pv. bilvae.	three pathogenic variants (i.e. pathotypes) have been described within xanthomonas citri pv. citri, the causal agent of asiatic citrus canker. pathotype a strains naturally infect a wide range of citrus species and members of some related genera. in contrast, pathotypes a* and a(w) have narrow host ranges within the genus citrus and have been isolated from mexican lime (citrus aurantifolia l.) and from mexican lime and alemow (citrus macrophylla l.), respectively. we used amplified fragment leng ...	2010	19654364
insertion of horizontally transferred genes within conserved syntenic regions of yeast genomes.	horizontal gene transfer has been occasionally mentioned in eukaryotic genomes, but such events appear much less numerous than in prokaryotes, where they play important functional and evolutionary roles. in yeasts, few independent cases have been described, some of which corresponding to major metabolic functions, but no systematic screening of horizontally transferred genes has been attempted so far. taking advantage of the synteny conservation among five newly sequenced and annotated genomes o ...	2009	19654869
the majority of the type iii effector inventory of pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 can suppress plant immunity.	the pseudomonas syringae type iii protein secretion system (t3ss) and the type iii effectors it injects into plant cells are required for plant pathogenicity and the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response (hr). the hr is a programmed cell death that is associated with effector-triggered immunity (eti). a primary function of p. syringae type iii effectors appears to be the suppression of eti and pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (pti), which is induced by conserved mol ...	2009	19656042
systemic acquired resistance in soybean is regulated by two proteins, orthologous to arabidopsis npr1.	systemic acquired resistance (sar) is induced in non-inoculated leaves following infection with certain pathogenic strains. sar is effective against many pathogens. salicylic acid (sa) is a signaling molecule of the sar pathway. the development of sar is associated with the induction of pathogenesis related (pr) genes. arabidopsis non-expressor of pr1 (npr1) is a regulatory gene of the sa signal pathway 123. sar in soybean was first reported following infection with colletotrichum trancatum that ...	2009	19656407
mini-tn7 vectors as genetic tools for gene cloning at a single copy number in an industrially important and phytopathogenic bacteria, xanthomonas spp.	transposon mini-tn7 vectors insert into the chromosome of several gram-negative bacteria in a site-specific manner. here, we showed the application of mini-tn7 as single copy site-specific integration vector system for xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the transposition of the mini-tn7 into the bacterial genome was detected at a tn7 attachment (atttn7) site located downstream of glms1. furthermore, using a newly constructed vector pbbr1flp2 containing the flipase (flp) recombinase for site- ...	2009	19659730
comparative proteome analysis of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in the interaction with the susceptible and the resistant cultivars of brassica oleracea.	black rot of cruciferous plants, caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, causes severe losses in agriculture around the world. this disease affects several cultures, including cabbage and broccoli, among others. proteome studies of this bacterium have been reported; however, most of them were performed using the bacterium grown under culture media conditions. recently, we have analyzed the proteome of x. campestris pv. campestris during the interaction with the susceptible cultivar of b ...	2009	19663914
quorum sensing and social networking in the microbial world.	for many years, bacterial cells were considered primarily as selfish individuals, but, in recent years, it has become evident that, far from operating in isolation, they coordinate collective behaviour in response to environmental challenges using sophisticated intercellular communication networks. cell-to-cell communication between bacteria is mediated by small diffusible signal molecules that trigger changes in gene expression in response to fluctuations in population density. this process, ge ...	2009	19674996
a "repertoire for repertoire" hypothesis: repertoires of type three effectors are candidate determinants of host specificity in xanthomonas.	the genetic basis of host specificity for animal and plant pathogenic bacteria remains poorly understood. for plant pathogenic bacteria, host range is restricted to one or a few host plant species reflecting a tight adaptation to specific hosts.	2009	19680562
microbial telesensing: probing the environment for friends, foes, and food.	bacterial-sensing circuits may be triggered by molecules originating from the environment (e.g., nutrients and chemoattractants). bacteria also actively probe the environment for information by releasing molecular probes to measure conditions beyond the cell surface: a process known as telesensing. perceiving the environment beyond is achieved by sensing environmentally induced changes in those probes, as occurs when a siderophore chelates an iron atom or a quorum-sensing signal is inactivated b ...	2009	19683678
comparative biology of two natural variants of the incq-2 family plasmids, pras3.1 and pras3.2.	plasmids pras3.1 and pras3.2 are two closely related, natural variants of the incq-2 plasmid family that have identical plasmid backbones except for two differences. plasmid pras3.1 has five 6-bp repeat sequences in the promoter region of the mobb gene and four 22-bp iterons in its oriv region, whereas pras3.2 has only four 6-bp repeats and three 22-bp iterons. plasmid pras3.1 was found to have a higher copy number than pras3.2, and we show that the extra 6-bp repeat results in an increase in mo ...	2009	19684126
discovery of a small molecule that blocks wall teichoic acid biosynthesis in staphylococcus aureus.	both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria contain bactoprenol-dependent biosynthetic pathways expressing non-essential cell surface polysaccharides that function as virulence factors. although these polymers are not required for bacterial viability in vitro, genes in many of the biosynthetic pathways are conditionally essential: they cannot be deleted except in strains incapable of initiating polymer synthesis. we report a cell-based, pathway-specific strategy to screen for small molecule in ...	2009	19689117
the role of the conserved phenylalanine in the sigma54-interacting gaftga motif of bacterial enhancer binding proteins.	sigma(54)-dependent transcription requires activation by bacterial enhancer binding proteins (bebps). bebps are members of the aaa+ (atpases associated with various cellular activities) protein family and typically form hexameric structures that are crucial for their atpase activity. the precise mechanism by which the energy derived from atp hydrolysis is coupled to biological output has several unknowns. here we use escherichia coli pspf, a model bebp involved in the transcription of stress res ...	2009	19692583
plants under attack: multiple interactions with insects and microbes.	to defend themselves, plants activate inducible defense mechanisms that are effective against the invader that is encountered. there is partial overlap in the defense signaling pathways that are induced by insect herbivores and microbial pathogens that may result in cross-resistance. we have previously shown that infestation by tissue-chewing pieris rapae larvae induces resistance in arabidopsis thaliana against subsequent attack by the microbial pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst), ...	2007	19704549
the arabidopsis map kinase kinase 7: a crosstalk point between auxin signaling and defense responses?	plant-pathogen interaction induces a complex host response that coordinates various signaling pathways through multiple signal molecules. besides the well-documented signal molecules salicylic acid (sa), ethylene and jasmonic acid, auxin is emerging as an important player in this response. we recently characterized an arabidopsis activation-tagged mutant, bud1, in which the expression of the map kinase kinase 7 (atmkk7) gene is increased. the bud1 mutant plants accumulate elevated levels of sa a ...	2008	19704652
eric-pcr-generated genomic fingerprints and their relationship with pathogenic variability of xanthomonas campestris pv. punicae, the incitant of bacterial blight of pomegranate.	bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. punicae (xcp) has emerged as a potential threat in pomegranate (punica granatum) cultivation in india. here, we report the genomic fingerprints and their correlation with virulence pattern of xcp isolates from maharashtra and delhi. the genomic fingerprints of xcp isolates were generated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric) sequence-based primers, and virulence level was based on their reaction upon infiltration to sus ...	2009	19705201
prokaryotic homologs of argonaute proteins are predicted to function as key components of a novel system of defense against mobile genetic elements.	in eukaryotes, rna interference (rnai) is a major mechanism of defense against viruses and transposable elements as well of regulating translation of endogenous mrnas. the rnai systems recognize the target rna molecules via small guide rnas that are completely or partially complementary to a region of the target. key components of the rnai systems are proteins of the argonaute-piwi family some of which function as slicers, the nucleases that cleave the target rna that is base-paired to a guide r ...	2009	19706170
the mycoplasma genitalium mg_454 gene product resists killing by organic hydroperoxides.	mycoplasma genitalium is the smallest self-replicating organism and a successful human pathogen associated with a range of genitourinary maladies. as a consequence of its restricted genome size, genes that are highly conserved in other bacteria are absent in m. genitalium. significantly, genes that encode antioxidants like superoxide dismutase and catalase-peroxidase are lacking. nevertheless, comparative genomics has revealed that mg_454 of m. genitalium encodes a protein with putative function ...	2009	19717589
a novel insertion sequence derepresses efflux pump expression and preadapts pseudomonas putida s12 for extreme solvent stress.	a multidrug efflux pump, srpabc, plays a key role in pseudomonas putida s12 tolerance to toxic organic solvents. srprs are putative regulators of the srpabc efflux pump encoded upstream of the srpabc structural genes, and previous studies suggest that srps is a repressor of srpabc expression. an s12 isolate able to withstand extreme solvent stress carries a novel insertion sequence, isppu21, interrupting srps. this insertion preadapts s12 to extreme solvent conditions through constitutive srpabc ...	2009	19717594
single-residue changes in the c-terminal disulfide-bonded loop of the pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pilin influence pilus assembly and twitching motility.	pila, the major pilin subunit of pseudomonas aeruginosa type iv pili (t4p), is a principal structural component. pila has a conserved c-terminal disulfide-bonded loop (dsl) that has been implicated as the pilus adhesinotope. structural studies have suggested that dsl is involved in intersubunit interactions within the pilus fiber. pila mutants with single-residue substitutions, insertions, or deletions in the dsl were tested for pilin stability, pilus assembly, and t4p function. mutation of eith ...	2009	19717595
the pqrr transcriptional repressor of pseudomonas aeruginosa transduces redox signals via an iron-containing prosthetic group.	inducible defenses against oxidative stress are coordinated by redox-sensitive transcription factors that transduce oxidative damage into differential gene expression. the opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa has evolved under physiological and host-derived sources of oxidative stress. previous work showed that the pqrabc and pqrr genes of p. aeruginosa, all lacking known functions, were induced by treatment of three different isolates of p. aeruginosa with paraquat (pq), a supero ...	2009	19717597
chloroplast-generated reactive oxygen species play a major role in localized cell death during the non-host interaction between tobacco and xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.	attempted infection of plants by pathogens elicits a complex defensive response. in many non-host and incompatible host interactions it includes the induction of defence-associated genes and a form of localized cell death (lcd), purportedly designed to restrict pathogen advance, collectively known as the hypersensitive response (hr). it is preceded by an oxidative burst, generating reactive oxygen species (ros) that are proposed to cue subsequent deployment of the hr, although neither the origin ...	2009	19719480
the dif/xer recombination systems in proteobacteria.	in e. coli, 10 to 15% of growing bacteria produce dimeric chromosomes during dna replication. these dimers are resolved by xerc and xerd, two tyrosine recombinases that target the 28-nucleotide motif (dif) associated with the chromosome's replication terminus. in streptococci and lactococci, an alternative system is composed of a unique, xer-like recombinase (xers) genetically linked to a dif-like motif (dif(sl)) located at the replication terminus. preliminary observations have suggested that t ...	2009	19727445
methionine sulfoxide reductase b displays a high level of flexibility.	methionine sulfoxide reductases (msrs) are enzymes that catalyze the reduction of methionine sulfoxide back to methionine. in vivo, msrs are essential in the protection of cells against oxidative damage to proteins and in the virulence of some bacteria. two structurally unrelated classes of msrs, named msra and msrb, exist. msrb are stereospecific to r epimer on the sulfur of sulfoxide. all msrb share a common reductase step with the formation of a sulfenic acid intermediate. for the subclass of ...	2009	19733575
mutations that disrupt either the pqq or the gdh gene of rahnella aquatilis abolish the production of an antibacterial substance and result in reduced biological control of grapevine crown gall.	rahnella aquatilis hx2, a biocontrol agent for grapevine crown gall caused by agrobacterium vitis, produces an antibacterial substance that inhibits the growth of a. vitis in vitro. in this study, we show that mh15 and mh16, two tn5-induced mutants of hx2, have lost their abilities to inhibit a. vitis and have reduced biocontrol activities; they grow in logarithmic phase at a rate similar to that of the wild type and have single tn5 insertions. they are also impaired in producing pyrroloquinolin ...	2009	19734331
cyclic-di-gmp-binding crp-like protein: a spectacular new role for a veteran signal transduction actor.		2009	19749051
combination of chromogenic differential medium and esta-specific pcr for isolation and detection of phytopathogenic xanthomonas spp.	a xanthomonad differential medium (designated xan-d medium) was developed, on which streaks and colonies of xanthomonads, including 13 species of the genus xanthomonas, turned wet-shining yellow-green and were surrounded with a smaller milky zone and a bigger clear zone in 3 to 4 days. the characteristics could easily be differentiated from those of yellow nonxanthomonads and other bacteria. the mechanism of color change and formation of a milky zone on the medium are mainly due to the tween 80 ...	2009	19749062
a combinatorial interplay among the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate isoforms regulates ethylene biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana.	ethylene (c(2)h(4)) is a unique plant-signaling molecule that regulates numerous developmental processes. the key enzyme in the two-step biosynthetic pathway of ethylene is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (acs), which catalyzes the conversion of s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) to acc, the precursor of ethylene. to understand the function of this important enzyme, we analyzed the entire family of nine acs isoforms (acs1, acs2, acs4-9, and acs11) encoded in the arabidopsis genome. our ana ...	2009	19752216
zinc-independent folate biosynthesis: genetic, biochemical, and structural investigations reveal new metal dependence for gtp cyclohydrolase ib.	gtp cyclohydrolase i (gcyh-i) is an essential zn(2+)-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the de novo folate biosynthetic pathway in bacteria and plants, the 7-deazapurine biosynthetic pathway in bacteria and archaea, and the biopterin pathway in mammals. we recently reported the discovery of a new prokaryotic-specific gcyh-i (gcyh-ib) that displays no sequence identity to the canonical enzyme and is present in approximately 25% of bacteria, the majority of which lack the canonical ...	2009	19767425
complete genome sequence of the sugarcane nitrogen-fixing endophyte gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus pal5.	gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus pal5 is an endophytic diazotrophic bacterium that lives in association with sugarcane plants. it has important biotechnological features such as nitrogen fixation, plant growth promotion, sugar metabolism pathways, secretion of organic acids, synthesis of auxin and the occurrence of bacteriocins.	2009	19775431
the catalase-peroxidase katg is required for virulence of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in a host plant by providing protection against low levels of h2o2.	xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris katg encodes a catalase-peroxidase that has a role in protecting the bacterium against micromolar concentrations of h(2)o(2). a knockout mutation in katg that causes loss of catalase-peroxidase activity correlates with increased susceptibility to h(2)o(2) and a superoxide generator and is avirulent in a plant model system. katg expression is induced by oxidants in an oxyr-dependent manner.	2009	19783631
bioinformatics and functional analysis define four distinct groups of alkb dna-dioxygenases in bacteria.	the iron(ii)- and 2-oxoglutarate (2og)-dependent dioxygenase alkb from escherichia coli (ecalkb) repairs alkylation damage in dna by direct reversal. ecalkb substrates include methylated bases, such as 1-methyladenine (m(1)a) and 3-methylcytosine (m(3)c), as well as certain bulkier lesions, for example the exocyclic adduct 1,n(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilona). ecalkb is the only bacterial alkb protein characterized to date, and we here present an extensive bioinformatics and functional analysis of ba ...	2009	19786499
bioactive and structural metabolites of pseudomonas and burkholderia species causal agents of cultivated mushrooms diseases.	pseudomonas tolaasii, p. reactans and burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola, are responsible of diseases on some species of cultivated mushrooms. the main bioactive metabolites produced by both pseudomonas strains are the lipodepsipeptides (ldps) tolaasin i and ii and the so called white line inducing principle (wlip), respectively, ldps which have been extensively studied for their role in the disease process and for their biological properties. in particular, their antimicrobial activity and t ...	2008	19787100
antibacterial activity of essential oil components and their potential use in seed disinfection.	among the main (> or = 0.7%) components of some essential oils, considerable antibacterial activity was shown by terpenoid and phenylpropanoid derivatives containing phenol and alcohol functionalities. a reduced or no activity was shown by those derivatives containing ketones, aldehydes, ethers, and ester functionalities as well as the remaining terpenoids. eugenol emulsion treatments (1-8 mg/ml) of bean seeds bearing about 2.6 x 10(6) cfu/seed of strain icmp239 of xanthomonas campestris pv. pha ...	2009	19788240
oral administration of xanthan gum enhances antitumor activity through toll-like receptor 4.	xanthan gum (xg) is a complex exopolysaccharide produced by the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris pv. and is widely used as a thickener or viscosifier. we examined in this study the antitumor effects of xg.	2009	19788935
lights, rhythms, infection: the role of light and the circadian clock in determining the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions.	the importance of light with respect to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions is becoming increasingly evident: light affects both the host response and the virulence of some pathogens. the response of plants to environmental signals and stresses is modulated by the circadian clock, and it is apparent that this may include immune responses. photo and temporal regulation of immune responses may allow plants to anticipate and react more effectively to particular pathogen infections. these asp ...	2009	19789275
future research trends in the major chemical language of bacteria.	microbiology was revolutionized in the 1990's by the discovery that many different bacterial species coordinate their behavior when they form a group. in fact, bacteria are now considered multicellular organisms capable of communicating and changing behavior in relation to their cell-density; since 1994 this has been called quorum sensing. this group behavior ensures survival and propagation of the community in many natural environments. bacterial intercellular communication is mediated by diffe ...	2009	19794815
the multilevel and dynamic interplay between plant and pathogen.	phytopathogens invade into plant apoplast and proliferate by assimilating nutrition from plant cells. plants depend on sophisticated defensive strategies to resist this invasion. therefore, pathogenic disease and plant disease resistance are two opposite phases. fascinating molecular mechanisms uncovered that interactions between plant and pathogen are multilevel and dynamic processes. on one side, plant immunity system contains multiple layers mainly including the perception of common pathogen- ...	2009	19794843
cbpa: a polarly localized novel cyclic amp-binding protein in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	in pseudomonas aeruginosa, cyclic amp (camp) signaling regulates the transcription of hundreds of genes encoding diverse virulence factors, including the type ii secretion system (t2ss) and type iii secretion system (t3ss) and their associated toxins, type iv pili (tfp), and flagella. vfr, a camp-dependent transcriptional regulator that is homologous to the escherichia coli catabolite repressor protein, is thought to be the major camp-binding protein that regulates these important virulence dete ...	2009	19801409
differential modulation of burkholderia cenocepacia virulence and energy metabolism by the quorum-sensing signal bdsf and its synthase.	burkholderia cenocepacia produces the molecule cis-2-dodecenoic acid (bdsf), which was previously shown to play a role in antagonism against the fungal pathogen candida albicans by interfering with its morphological transition. in this study, we show that production of bdsf is under stringent transcriptional control and the molecule accumulates in a cell density-dependent manner, typically found with quorum-sensing (qs) signals. b. cenocepacia mutant strain j2315 with a deleted bcam0581 gene, wh ...	2009	19801414
evidence for a ferryl intermediate in a heme-based dioxygenase.	in contrast to the wide spectrum of cytochrome p450 monooxygenases, there are only 2 heme-based dioxygenases in humans: tryptophan dioxygenase (htdo) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (hido). htdo and hido catalyze the same oxidative ring cleavage reaction of l-tryptophan to n-formyl kynurenine, the initial and rate-limiting step of the kynurenine pathway. despite immense interest, the mechanism by which the 2 enzymes execute the dioxygenase reaction remains elusive. here, we report experimental e ...	2009	19805032
the pepper calmodulin gene cacam1 is involved in reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide generation required for cell death and the defense response.	calcium signaling has emerged as an important signal transduction pathway of higher plants in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. ca2+-bound calmodulin (cam) plays a critical role in decoding and transducing stress signals by activating specific targets. here, we isolated and functionally characterized the pathogen-responsive cam gene, capsicum annuum calmodulin 1 (cacam1), from pepper (c. annuum) plants. the cellular function of cacam1 was verified by agrobacterium spp.-mediated transient ...	2009	19810808
identification of six type iii effector genes with the pip box in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and five of them contribute individually to full pathogenicity.	xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is the pathogen of black rot of cruciferous plants. the pathogenicity of the pathogen depends on the type iii secretion system (t3ss) that translocates directly effector proteins into plant cells, where they play important roles in the molecular interaction between the pathogen and its hosts. the t3ss of xanthomonas spp. is encoded by a cluster of hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) genes. it has been demonstrated that the expression of hrp genes ...	2009	19810809
estimating the fraction of non-coding rnas in mammalian transcriptomes.	recent studies of mammalian transcriptomes have identified numerous rna transcripts that do not code for proteins; their identity, however, is largely unknown. here we explore an approach based on sequence randomness patterns to discern different rna classes. the relative z-score we use helps identify the known ncrna class from the genome, intergene and intron classes. this leads us to a fractional ncrna measure of putative ncrna datasets which we model as a mixture of genuine ncrnas and other t ...	2008	19812767
hxcq liposecretin is self-piloted to the outer membrane by its n-terminal lipid anchor.	secretins are an unusual and important class of bacterial outer membrane (om) proteins. they are involved in the transport of single proteins or macromolecular structures such as pili, needle complexes, and bacteriophages across the om. secretins are multimeric ring-shaped structures that form large pores in the om. the targeting of such macromolecular structures to the om often requires special assistance, conferred by specific pilotins or pilot proteins. here, we investigated hxcq, the om comp ...	2009	19815547
the missing link?: arabidopsis spch is a mapk specificity factor that controls entry into the stomatal lineage.	mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling modules that incorporate atmpk3 and atmpk6 control critical aspects of arabidopsis biology including stress responses, development, cell division and cell death. arabidopsis stomatal development is negatively regulated by the yda-mkk4/5-mpk3/6 mapk module and follows a three step pathway of asymmetric and symmetric divisions followed by terminal differentiation. we have identified the bhlh transcription factor spch, which controls entry into the ...	2009	19816100
molecular characterization of a defense-related amp-binding protein gene, osbiabp1, from rice.	we cloned and characterized a rice gene osbiabp1 encoding an amp-binding protein. the full-length cdna of osbiabp1 is 1912-bp long and is predicted to encode a 558-aa protein. osbiabp1 contains a typical amp-binding signature motif and shows high similarity to members of amp-binding protein family. osbiabp1 is expressed in stems, leaves and flowers of rice plants, but is not expressed, or expressed at a very low level, in rice roots. the expression of osbiabp1 was induced by some defense-related ...	2009	19816997
legionella pneumophila secretes an endoglucanase that belongs to the family-5 of glycosyl hydrolases and is dependent upon type ii secretion.	examination of cell-free culture supernatants revealed that legionella pneumophila strains secrete an endoglucanase activity. legionella pneumophila lspf mutants were deficient for this activity, indicating that the endoglucanase is secreted by the bacterium's type ii protein secretion (t2s) system. inactivation of cela, encoding a member of the family-5 of glycosyl hydrolases, abolished the endoglucanase activity in l. pneumophila culture supernatants. the cloned cela gene conferred activity up ...	2009	19817866
deletion of citrate synthase restores growth of sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 aconitase mutants.	the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 encodes only one predicted aconitase (acna) in its genome. acna has a significant degree of similarity with other bacterial aconitases that behave as dual proteins: enzymes and posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. similar to the case with these bacterial aconitases, acna activity was reversibly labile and was regained upon reconstitution with reduced iron. the aconitase promoter was active in root nodules. acna mut ...	2009	19820082
2-amino-3-(oxirane-2,3-dicarboxamido)-propanoyl-valine, an effective peptide antibiotic from the epiphyte pantoea agglomerans 48b/90.	the epiphyte pantoea agglomerans 48b/90, which has been isolated from soybean leaves, belongs to the enterobacteriaceae, as does the plant pathogen erwinia amylovora, which causes fire blight on rosaceous plants such as apples and leads to severe economic losses. since p. agglomerans efficiently antagonizes phytopathogenic bacteria, the p. agglomerans strain c9-1 is used as a biocontrol agent (blightban c9-1). here we describe the bioassay-guided isolation of a peptide antibiotic that is highly ...	2009	19820144
a subset of the diverse cog0523 family of putative metal chaperones is linked to zinc homeostasis in all kingdoms of life.	cog0523 proteins are, like the nickel chaperones of the ureg family, part of the g3e family of gtpases linking them to metallocenter biosynthesis. even though the first cog0523-encoding gene, cobw, was identified almost 20 years ago, little is known concerning the function of other members belonging to this ubiquitous family.	2009	19822009
structural biology of copper trafficking.		2009	19824702
cyp76m7 is an ent-cassadiene c11alpha-hydroxylase defining a second multifunctional diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster in rice.	biosynthetic gene clusters are common in microbial organisms, but rare in plants, raising questions regarding the evolutionary forces that drive their assembly in multicellular eukaryotes. here, we characterize the biochemical function of a rice (oryza sativa) cytochrome p450 monooxygenase, cyp76m7, which seems to act in the production of antifungal phytocassanes and defines a second diterpenoid biosynthetic gene cluster in rice. this cluster is uniquely multifunctional, containing enzymatic gen ...	2009	19825834
characterization of the oxidative stress stimulon and perr regulon of campylobacter jejuni.	during gut colonization, the enteric pathogen campylobacter jejuni must surmount the toxic effects of reactive oxygen species produced by its own metabolism, the host immune system, and intestinal microflora. elucidation of c. jejuni oxidative stress defense mechanisms is critical for understanding campylobacter pathophysiology.	2009	19835633
phage therapy and photodynamic therapy: low environmental impact approaches to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants.	owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. the aim of this review is to briefly presen ...	2009	19841715
roadmap for future research on plant pathogen effectors.	bacterial and eukaryotic plant pathogens deliver effector proteins into plant cells to promote pathogenesis. bacterial pathogens containing type iii protein secretion systems are known to inject many of these effectors into plant cells. more recently, oomycete pathogens have been shown to possess a large family of effectors containing the rxlr motif, and many effectors are also being discovered in fungal pathogens. although effector activities are largely unknown, at least a subset suppress plan ...	2009	19849786
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction characterization of rpff, a key dsf synthase from stenotrophomonas maltophilia.	stenotrophomonas maltophilia has emerged as a critical nosocomial opportunistic pathogen in the last few years. it is resistant to many clinically useful antibiotics; hence, new ways of combatting this bacterium are essential. diffusible signal factor (dsf) dependent quorum sensing is a major mechanism of virulence induction in s. maltophilia, with rpff playing a key role in dsf biosynthesis. inhibiting s. maltophilia rpff (smrpff) function via small-molecule interference may constitute a new wa ...	2009	19851012
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction characterization of an essential protein from xanthomonas campestris that contains a noncanonical pilz signature motif yet is critical for pathogenicity.	recent studies have identified c-di-gmp as a novel secondary messenger molecule that is heavily involved in regulating bacterial biofilm formation, motility, production of pathogenicity factors etc. pilz domain-containing proteins have been suggested and subsequently proved to be the c-di-gmp receptor. however, considering the diverse biological functions exhibited by c-di-gmp, it may be that receptors other than the pilz domain exist. an essential protein from the plant pathogen xanthomonas cam ...	2009	19851021
genomic characterization of the intron-containing t7-like phage phil7 of xanthomonas campestris.	the lytic phage phil7, which morphologically belongs to the siphoviridae family, infects xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. nucleotide sequence analysis has revealed that phil7 contains a linear double-stranded dna genome (44,080 bp, 56% g+c) with a 3'-protruding cos site (5'-ttaccggac-3') and 59 possible genes. among the deduced proteins, 32 have homologs with known functions and 18 show no database similarities; moreover, the genes encoding these 18 proteins mostly have varying g+c content ...	2009	19854925
shifting the genomic gold standard for the prokaryotic species definition.	dna-dna hybridization (ddh) has been used for nearly 50 years as the gold standard for prokaryotic species circumscriptions at the genomic level. it has been the only taxonomic method that offered a numerical and relatively stable species boundary, and its use has had a paramount influence on how the current classification has been constructed. however, now, in the era of genomics, ddh appears to be an outdated method for classification that needs to be substituted. the average nucleotide identi ...	2009	19855009
a study in entire chromosomes of violations of the intra-strand parity of complementary nucleotides (chargaff's second parity rule).	chargaff's rule of intra-strand parity (isp) between complementary mono/oligonucleotides in chromosomes is well established in the scientific literature. although a large numbers of papers have been published citing works and discussions on isp in the genomic era, scientists are yet to find all the factors responsible for such a universal phenomenon in the chromosomes. in the present work, we have tried to address the issue from a new perspective, which is a parallel feature to isp. the composit ...	2009	19861381
genome sequence of the versatile fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda provides insights into its adaptation to broad host ranges and intracellular niches.	edwardsiella tarda is the etiologic agent of edwardsiellosis, a devastating fish disease prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industries. here we describe the complete genome of e. tarda, eib202, a highly virulent and multi-drug resistant isolate in china.	2009	19865481
computation-facilitated assignment of the function in the enolase superfamily: a regiochemically distinct galactarate dehydratase from oceanobacillus iheyensis .	the structure of an uncharacterized member of the enolase superfamily from oceanobacillus iheyensis (gi 23100298, img locus tag ob2843, pdb entry 2oqy ) was determined by the new york sgx research center for structural genomics (nysgxrc). the structure contained two mg(2+) ions located 10.4 a from one another, with one located in the canonical position in the (beta/alpha)(7)beta-barrel domain (although the ligand at the end of the fifth beta-strand is his, unprecedented in structurally character ...	2009	19883118
backbone and side chain (1)h, (13)c, and (15)n nmr assignments for the organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (ohr) from burkholderia pseudomallei.	burkholderia pseudomallei is a niaid category b microorganism responsible for melioidosis. here we report backbone and side chain nmr assignments for the 139-residue, homodimeric, organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (ohr) from this organism.	2009	19888681