Publications

tetratrichomonas gallinarum in the blood of chickens infected with spirochetes.		1966	5953851
cytological and biochemical studies on the blood constituents of normal and spirochete-infected chickens.		1966	5971747
detection of fowl spirochaetosis in tanganyika.		1966	6010130
[prevention of spirochetosis in fowls].		1966	6010800
borrelia-like organisms in the urine of lambs suffering from eczema facialis.		1966	6011172
[experimental borrelia infection in newborn rats. histological study].		1966	6014078
intestinal spirochaetosis.		1967	6038367
development of immune tolerance in the chick embryo to borrelia hispanica.	varying degrees of immune tolerance were induced in chick embryos at 10, 14, and 18 days of age by inoculation of living or dead borrelia hispanica in the yolk sac, allantoic cavity, or intravenously. relative tolerance was measured by responses to challenge with virulent organisms in relation to altered susceptibility to infection and inability to produce agglutinins for b. hispanica or proteus strain oxk. challenges were made 1 week posthatching with the controls and chicks that had received d ...	1967	6057794
observations on tick-transmitted spirochaetes of cattle in australia and south africa.		1967	6070621
[phenomena of immunity in borreliosis: commentaries apropos of experimental results].		1967	6076199
tick-borne borrelia.		1984	6150187
[infestation of village populations of ornithodoros papillipes bir. with the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in uzbekistan].		1982	6214702
[attempt at detecting strain differences in the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever].		1982	6215570
[current status of foci of tick-borne borreliosis in the southern turkmen ssr].		1983	6225007
[epidemiology of tick-borne borreliosis in southern kirghizia].		1984	6237249
t-cell-independent elimination of borrelia turicatae.	mice deficient or deprived of thymus-derived lymphocytes eliminated blood-borne borrelia turicatae with efficiency comparable to that observed in normal littermates. when challenged with 10(5) borreliae, nude mice had mean (+/- standard deviation) primary spirochetemias lasting 3.1 +/- 0.2 days and mean (+/- standard deviation) peak bacterial counts of 3.0 x 10(7) +/- 0.5 x 10(7) cells per ml of blood; in comparison, heterozygous littermates and normal mice had respective primary spirochetemias ...	1984	6332075
antibodies of patients with lyme disease to components of the ixodes dammini spirochete.	lyme disease is an inflammatory disorder of skin, joints, nervous system, and heart. the disease is associated with a preceding tick bite and is ameliorated by penicillin treatment. a spirochete (ids) isolated from ixodes dammini ticks has been implicated as the etiologic agent of lyme disease. we examined the antibody responses of lyme disease patients to ids lysate components in order to further understand the pathogenesis of this disease. the components were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfat ...	1983	6348092
lack of endotoxin in borrelia hispanica and treponema pallidum.	borrelia hispanica from infected guinea pigs and treponema pallidum from testicular syphilomas of rabbits were assayed for the presence of endotoxin with the limulus lysate test. a suspension of borrelia, containing 1.3 x 10(8) spirochetes/ml, was nonreactive both when it was tested as intact organisms, and when tested after disruption of the spirochetes by sonication. eight different suspensions of treponemes, ranging from 0.6 x 10(9) to 3 x 10(9) treponemes/ml, were negative at a 1:10 dilution ...	1983	6356134
use of avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex for visualization of spirochetes.	the use of avidin-biotinylated peroxidase as a simple technique for light microscopic visualization of spirochetes is described. the three major genera of spirochetes--treponema, borrelia, and leptospira--were stained with the avidin complex.	1983	6358252
lyme disease: a selective medium for isolation of the suspected etiological agent, a spirochete.	a simple procedure with a new selective culture medium for the isolation of the suspected etiological agent of lyme disease from ticks is described. live ticks (ixodes dammini) were ground with a mortar and pestle, and the suspensions were inoculated into a selective and nonselective medium. the selective medium, which contained kanamycin and 5-fluorouracil, yielded positive spirochete cultures from 100% of the pooled ticks and from 79% of the single tick specimens. the isolation rate for the no ...	1984	6361065
[spirochete etiology of erythema chronicum migrans disease].	from ticks of the type ixodes ricinus, 19 strains of a spirochete were isolated at three places of infection of erythema chronicum migrans disease. the spirochete was immunologically related to borrelia duttoni, treponema pallidum and ixodes dammini spirochete, the causative organism of north american erythema chronicum migrans disease (lyme disease). the isolated spirochete differed from the north american one in its reaction with monoclonal antibodies and possibly in its electronmicroscopic st ...	1984	6363033
antibody response in lyme disease: evaluation of diagnostic tests.	the antibody response to the ixodes dammini spirochete was determined in 41 serial serum samples from 12 patients with lyme disease. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), 11 of the 12 patients had higher titers of specific igm antibody (greater than 1:200) during early disease than did 40 control subjects. specific igm antibody titers, which correlated with total amounts of igm antibody (p less than .001), sometimes remained elevated throughout the illness. during neuritis, nine of 10 pa ...	1984	6373966
[the most important scientific and practical problems of tick-borne borreliosis].		1984	6374405
antigenic cross-reactivity between treponema pallidum and other pathogenic members of the family spirochaetaceae.	the antigenic cross-reactivity between treponema pallidum and several pathogenic members of the family spirochaetaceae was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting techniques. blots of t. pallidum antigens were incubated with antiserum from rabbits infected or immunized with t. pallidum, treponema paraluiscuniculi, treponema hyodysenteriae (strains b204 and t22), borrelia hermsii serotype 7, or leptopsira interrogans serogroup canicola. t. pallid ...	1984	6384040
interactions of phagocytes with the lyme disease spirochete: role of the fc receptor.	the phagocytic capacity of murine and human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes (including peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils), rabbit and murine peritoneal exudate cells, and the murine macrophage cell line p388d1 against the lyme disease spirochete was studied. all of these cells were capable of phagocytosing the spirochete; phagocytosis was measured by the uptake of radiolabeled spirochetes, the appearance of immunofluorescent bodies in phagocytic cells, and electron microsco ...	1984	6386995
[tick-borne spirochetoses].		1984	6391002
taxonomy of the lyme disease spirochetes.	morphology, physiology, and dna nucleotide composition of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia, treponema, and leptospira were compared. morphologically, lyme disease spirochetes resemble borrelia. they lack cytoplasmic tubules present in treponema, and have more than one periplasmic flagellum per cell end and lack the tight coiling which are characteristic of leptospira. lyme disease spirochetes are also similar to borrelia in being microaerophilic, catalase-negative bacteria. they utilize carboh ...	1984	6393605
the antibody response in lyme disease.	we determined the antibody response against the ixodes dammini spirochete in lyme disease patients by indirect immunofluorescence and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the specific igm response became maximal three to six weeks after disease onset, and then declined, although titers sometimes remained elevated during later disease. specific igm levels correlated directly with total serum igm. the specific igg response, often delayed initially, was nearly always present during neuriti ...	1984	6393607
ixodes ricinus spirochete and european erythema chronicum migrans disease.	from three endemic locations of erythema chronicum migrans disease in north rhine-westphalia, germany, we recovered 19 isolates of a spirochete from ixodes ricinus ticks. the infection rate in adult ticks was 16 percent. the isolated spirochete is immunologically related to the ixodes dammini spirochete, borrelia duttoni, and treponema pallidum. using indirect immunofluorescence, the sera of 90 patients with erythema chronicum migrans disease showed antibody titers against the isolated spirochet ...	1984	6393609
phagocytic cell responses to in vivo and in vitro exposure to the lyme disease spirochete.	an experimental skin lesion induced in rabbits by the bite of infected adult ixodes dammini showed dense dermal interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates composed of mononuclear cells (histiocytes and lymphocytes) and granulocytes. the prevalence of phagocytic cells in this experimental lesion motivated a study on the interactions of macrophages and neutrophils with lyme disease spirochetes. interactions as measured by uptake of radiolabeled spirochetes and by indirect immunofluorescence were e ...	1984	6393611
infection in rabbits with the lyme disease spirochete.	of 33 rabbits inoculated with lyme disease spirochetes, two developed erythema chronicum migrans at the site of inoculation. spirochetes were seen in skin biopsies of one of the lesions with immunoperoxidase and warthin-starry stains. spirochetes were also recovered from the blood of two additional rabbits two weeks post-inoculation. these findings are characteristic of early lyme disease in humans.	1984	6393613
[lyme disease--another tick-borne disease in austria].	infection with tick-borne spirochetes (e.g. borrelia burgdorferi) may lead to the development of erythema chronicum migrans, acrodermatitis atrophicans, meningopolyneuritis bannwarth, and a special type of reactive arthritis named lyme disease after the american endemic area. since these diseases occur also in austria, their clinical features are described in this review; a clear distinction must be made between the neurological manifestation of lyme disease and those of tick-bite mediated early ...	1984	6396970
relapsing fevers. a review.		1984	6397148
bacteremia caused by campylobacter-like organisms in two male homosexuals.	bacteremia caused by newly described campylobacter-like organisms occurred in two immunosuppressed homosexual patients with tuberculosis. although these organisms grow well in aerobic bottles using a radiometric blood culture system, they are not readily seen in gram-stained smears and are easily missed if routine subculture methods are used. microscopic examination of wet preparations and subculture to brucella agar base supplemented with 10% sheep blood and incubated in microaerophilic conditi ...	1984	6431862
[drug premixtures wih erythromycin, oxytetracycline and spectinomycin in spirochetosis in poultry].		1980	6451979
chemical compositions of cell walls and polysaccharide fractions of spirochetes.	cellular polysaccharide fractions of various representative members of genera of the family spirochaetaceae were obtained by the ammonium hydroxide extraction method. the sugar composition of the polysaccharide preparations was complex and many kinds of sugars such as rhamnose, fucose, ribose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose were detected in all of the spirochetes tested. of particular interest was the presence of 4-o-methylmannose as a constituent polysaccharide in members of the genus ...	1984	6472134
update: lyme disease--united states.		1984	6480956
genetic relationship of lyme disease spirochetes to borrelia, treponema, and leptospira spp.	genetic studies were performed on the following spirochetes: three lyme disease spirochetes isolated from ixodes ticks and from human spinal fluid; three species of north american borreliae; four species of treponema; and two species of leptospira. the mol% g+c values for lyme disease spirochetes were 27.3 to 30.5%, similar to values of 28.0 to 30.5% for borrelia species but different from the values of leptospira or treponema species which ranged from 35.3 to 53%. lyme disease spirochetes repre ...	1984	6490811
dna characterization of the spirochete that causes lyme disease.	lyme disease, a tick-borne disease long recognized in europe but only recently recognized in the united states, was shown in 1982-1983 to be caused by a spirochete, the lyme disease spirochete. whether one or more species of the spirochete exists is unknown, as is its taxonomic status. to answer these questions, we determined (i) the dna base (guanidine-plus-cytosine) content for five strains; (ii) the dna relatedness of 10 strains from europe or the united states (isolated from ticks, humans, a ...	1984	6490812
possible prevention of tick-borne relapsing fever in patients infected with borrelia recurrentis.		1984	6491372
experimental transmission of the lyme disease spirochete to rabbits.		1984	6491385
ornithodoriasis preceding borrelia infection.		1984	6497423
human phagocyte interactions with the lyme disease spirochete.	the interaction between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes and the lyme disease spirochete was investigated by incubating phagocytes with microorganisms adherent to plastic or glass surfaces. both cell populations readily phagocytized and killed spirochetes, and antibodies facilitated but were not essential for phagocytosis.	1984	6500703
seasonal dynamics of ornithodoros (pavlovskyella) erraticus (acari: ixodoidea: argasidae) and the spirochete borrelia crocidurae in egypt.		1984	6502613
discovery of the lyme disease spirochete and its relation to tick vectors.	the various hypotheses concerning the etiologic agent of erythema chronicum migrans of europe and of lyme disease in the united states are reviewed, and an account of events that led to the discovery of the causative spirochetal agent in ixodes dammini is presented. spirochetes morphologically and antigenically similar, if not identical to, the organism detected in i. dammini were also found for the first time in ixodes pacificus and ixodes ricinus, the vectors hitherto incriminated, respectivel ...	1984	6516454
dna characterization of lyme disease spirochetes.	lyme disease spirochetes (lds) have phenotypic characteristics of both treponemes and borreliae. to ascertain whether one or more species of lds exist, as well as their taxonomic status, we determined the dna base (g + c) content for three strains of lds, the dna relatedness of ten strains isolated in the united states or europe, and the dna relatedness of lds to other spirochetes. the g + c content of the three lds strains was 28.1-29.0 mol%, most similar to those of borellia hermsii (30.6 mol ...	1984	6516455
ultrastructure of spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini.	two strains of ixodes spirochetes, one isolated in the united states (b31) and the other in sweden (g25), were examined by electron microscopy. cells of strain g25 were 11-25 micron long with a wavelength of 2.1-2.4 micron and an amplitude of 0.4 micron. eleven flagella were inserted subterminally at each end of the cell. cells of strain b31 were similar but had eleven or seven flagella. cytoplasmic tubules were not seen in cells of either strain. although not identical, both strains showed ultr ...	1984	6516456
susceptibility of the lyme disease spirochete to seven antimicrobial agents.	the antimicrobial susceptibility of five lyme disease spirochete strains (two human and three tick isolates) was determined. a macrodilution broth technique was used to determine on three separate test occasions the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of seven antibiotics. the lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to erythromycin with a mic of less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. the spirochete was also found to be susceptible to minocycline, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracy ...	1984	6516457
avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a lyme disease focus in connecticut.	spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a lyme disease focus in east haddam, connecticut, from mid-may through september 1983. ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 sd) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 sd) representing 11 families within the order passeriformes. less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature ixodes dentatus and haemap ...	1984	6516460
prevalence of the lyme disease spirochete in populations of white-tailed deer and white-footed mice.	the prevalence of the ixodes dammini spirochete (ids) in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) was studied on the eastern end of long island, new york. both species commonly occur in a variety of habitats, are preferred hosts of ixodes dammini, and can harbor the spirochetes in the blood. each animal was examined for spirochetemia, tick infestation, and ids infection rates in the ticks that were removed from it. the results obtained suggest that i ...	1984	6516461
[etiology of erythema migrans disease and lyme disease. review and results of personal study].	erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), lymphadenosis cutis benigna and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) have been well known in europe for a long time as skin diseases induced by tickbites. earlier hints that these inflammatory dermatoses and associated disorders (erythema migrans disease) might be of spirochetal origin are now supported by the findings of several groups in the usa and europe. in the united states the endemic occurrence of a new inflammatory disease which seems to be closely ...	1984	6519987
infection of syrian hamsters with lyme disease spirochetes.	syrian hamsters were shown to be susceptible to infection by the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. although these spirochetes did not cause any outward signs of illness in these animals, they did cause a generalized infection. spirochetemia was present during the first 6 days of infection. at 14 days postinfection, spirochetes could be isolated from one or more of the following organs: spleen, eyes, kidneys, liver, testes, and brain. spirochetes were isolated from the eyes and kidney ...	1984	6520220
enteritis and green diarrhoea in experimental avian spirochaetosis.	chickens infected with a virulent strain of borrelia anserina showed acute enteritis, haemosiderosis in intestinal villi and green diarrhoea. although spirochaetes in the intestine had begun to disintegrate 96 hours after infection, enteritis and green diarrhoea continued. it is suggested that the greenish discoloration may be a consequence of enteritis and haemosiderosis.	1984	6522838
borrelia sp. infection in a horse.	the clinical signs, response to treatment and features of the spirochaete, borrelia theileri as was found in a horse with suspected borreliasis are described.	1984	6545371
detection of borrelia in acridine orange-stained blood smears by fluorescence microscopy.	tick-borne borreliosis (relapsing fever) can be an important, unsuspected cause of febrile illness. the diagnosis is generally made by identifying borrelia spirochetes in stained peripheral blood smears. since borrelia may be difficult to detect with romanowsky stains, an alternative method, using acridine orange (ao), was used to screen blood smears. duplicate blood smears of seven patients were examined with the ao technique and romanowsky stains. in all seven cases spirochetes were easily ide ...	1983	6602602
observations on the pathology of experimental avian spirochaetosis.	in experimental infection of chickens with a virulent strain of borrelia anserina, peak spirochaetaemia was recorded from 72 to 96 hours. progressive enlargement of the spleen with mottling was the predominant gross finding. spleen, liver and small intestine showed extensive erythrophagocytosis, which continued even after the disappearance of spirochaetes from blood and tissues. while haemosiderosis was mild in the lungs, it was absent from the heart, kidney and brain. spirochaetes were demonstr ...	1983	6635339
structural analysis of the variable major proteins of borrelia hermsii.	borrelia hermsii undergoes spontaneous antigenic variation in vivo and in vitro. serotype specificity is associated with expression of one of a family of molecular weight-variable proteins, the pi proteins. we studied the structure of the pi proteins as well as the molecular weight-invariable pii proteins of three serotypes of b. hermsii hs1: c, 7, and 21. the techniques used were one-dimensional (1-d) mapping of staphylococcus aureus v8 protease-generated peptides and two-dimensional (2-d) mapp ...	1983	6644241
[the spirochetal etiology of erythema chronicum migrans and of meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth].	erythema chronicum migrans and tick-borne meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth are caused by a spirochete transmitted by ixodes ricinus. the same is true for lyme disease, which is the erythema chronicum migrans infection of north-america transmitted by ticks of the same genus. in europe, this etiology is indicated by demonstration of igg and igm antibodies against borrelia duttoni during the course of infection and by immunofluorescence staining of spirochetes in ticks at sites of infe ...	1983	6659638
[congenital relapsing fever caused by borrelia duttoni. apropos of a case in rwanda].		1983	6667059
"endotoxicity" of the lyme disease spirochete.		1983	6668073
[borreliosis caused by ticks in senegal; apropos of 23 cases].		1983	6671401
[characteristic cerebrospinal fluid findings and clinical aspects of lymphocytic meningoradiculitis].	clinical data and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) findings of 20 patients suffering from a meningoradiculitis were analyzed. most patients had a tick bite or an erythema migrans before neurological symptoms occurred. all suffered from severe radicular pain. predominant neurological symptoms were peripheral palsies of the facial nerve followed by motor paresis of the trunk and the extremities of mostly asymmetric distribution. predominant csf alterations were a long lasting inflammatory cellular reacti ...	1984	6700186
myocarditis in tick-borne relapsing fever.		1984	6736677
borrelia crocidurae localization and transmission in ornithodoros erraticus and o. savignyi.	borrelia crocidurae infection rates in different organs of adult ornithodoros (pavlovskyella) erraticus and o. (ornithodoros) savignyi were studied at intervals during a 60-day period following an infective meal. the spirochaetes persisted in tick guts for 1 month, were first observed in other organs 1-7 days post-feeding, and persisted for 20-60 days in different organs. the ovaries, gene's organ, testes and male accessory glands of only o. erraticus were infected. the infection rates in adult ...	1984	6739127
spirochete-associated arthritis (lyme disease) in a dog.		1984	6746395
[direct method of determining the concentration of borrelia and other blood parasites].		1982	6750341
spirochete isolated in tick vectors of lyme disease.		1982	6807821
hyperparasitism in ornithodoros erraticus.	hyperparasitism is common in laboratory colonies of egyptian ornithodoros erraticus whether the ticks are on or off the rodent host. sex, recent engorgement, and size appear to be major factors in this feeding relationship. males, and nymphs that produced males (n-male), parasitized females and nymphs that produced females (n-female) more frequently than they parasitized males and n-male. females and n-female seldom parasitized females and n-female and did not parasitize males or n-male. engorgi ...	1983	6827441
[chronic erythema migrans and tick-transmitted meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux-bannwarth): borrelia infections?].	antibodies against borrelia duttoni using indirect immunofluorescence could be demonstrated in 6 patients with erythema chronicum migrans and in 8 persons with tick-borne meningopolyneuritis. significant increases of igg and igm antibody titres in the course of the disease and igg antibodies in the csf indicate recent contact with borrelia duttoni or a closely related agent. demonstration by fluorescence serology of spirochaetaceae in ixodes ricinus in two sites of infection equally indicate suc ...	1983	6839977
pathophysiology and immunology of the jarisch-herxheimer-like reaction in louse-borne relapsing fever: comparison of tetracycline and slow-release penicillin.	twelve men with louse-borne relapsing fever were treated with single doses of procaine penicillin plus aluminum monostearate (pam) intramuscularly or of tetracycline intravenously. all patients experienced a definite jarisch-herxheimer-like reaction. fever and spirochetemia were significantly prolonged and peak temperature was lower and occurred later in the pam-treated group. peak pulmonary ventilation, metabolic rate, and arterial po2 were significantly higher in the tetracycline-treated group ...	1983	6842024
bacteriophage in the ixodes dammini spirochete, etiological agent of lyme disease.	a bacteriophage with a b-3 morphology was detected by electron microscopy in a spirochete isolated from the tick ixodes dammini. it has a 40- to 50-nm elongated head and a tail 50 to 70 nm in length. it appears devoid of collars or kite-tail structure. the spirochete has been identified as the causative agent of lyme disease.	1983	6853449
listeriosis and borreliosis as causes of antepartum fever.	fever of unknown origin in the pregnant woman presents special diagnostic, therapeutic, and obstetric problems. two such clinically ill, febrile third-trimester patients, one presenting with maternal septicemia and transplacental fetal listeriosis and the other with borreliosis, are discussed. although the neonatal outcome in such infections historically is poor, the infants of these mothers survived. it is suggested that special diagnostic procedures, timely administration of parenteral antibio ...	1983	6866369
[the spirochetal etiology of erythema chronicum migrans and garin-bujadoux-bannwarth meningo-polyneuritis].	erythema chronicum migrans and tick-born meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth are caused by a spirochete transmitted by ixodes ricinus. the same is true of lyme disease, the erythema chronicum migrans infection of north america transmitted by ticks of the same genus. in europe demonstration of igg and igm antibodies against borrelia duttoni during the course of infection and by immunofluorescence staining of spirochetes in ticks at sites of infection indicate this etiology. in the usa a ...	1983	6884950
borrelia crocidurae: venereal transfer in egyptian ornithodoros erraticus ticks.		1982	6889976
[clinical and pharmacological studies of technical tylosin phosphate from pharmachem in poultry diseases].	investigations on the healing anbd prophylactic effectiveness of the technical tylosine phosphate "pharmachim" with 50 iu/mg activity (pharmazin t-50) in some bird diseases were carried out. it was established that a dose of 20 g/kg fodder pharmazin t-50 applied 2 days pre- and 3 days post chicken mycoplasma gallisepticum infection protects the chickens completely from respiratory mycoplasmosis. in order to attain a sure healing and prophylactic effect in hen spirohetosis control 10 g/kg fodder ...	1980	6998102
helical conformation of treponema pallidum (nichols strain), treponema paraluis-cuniculi, treponema denticola, borrelia turicatae, and unidentified oral spirochetes.	borrelia turicatae (mouse virulent) and treponema denticola, a small oral treponeme, formed right-handed helices as determined by scanning electron microscopy. treponema pallidum (nichols strain), treponema paraluis-cuniculi, and two unidentified oral spirochetes displayed left-handed helices.	1981	7019083
distribution of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities among treponema pallidum and other spirochetes.	representative members of spirochaetales were surveyed for their content of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase, and peroxidase activities. only leptospira exhibited peroxidase activity. obligately anaerobic cultivable treponema and spirochaeta possessed no sod or peroxidative capabilities. upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, spirochaeta aurantia, borrelia hermsi, and five leptospira biflexa serovars showed sod activity associated with one electrophoretic band which was inhibited by h2o2, ...	1981	7024127
opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of borrelia hermsii by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.	opsonic requirements for phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmnls) of a laboratory strain of borrelia hermsii were examined. intracellular localization of spirochetes was confirmed by electron microscopy and cinephotomicroscopy. phagocytosis of 3h-labeled spirochetes was increased with higher concentrations of pooled human serum or greater ratios of spirochetes to pmnls and was unaffected by diminished classical complement pathway activity. immune rabbit serum markedly increased ...	1982	7061882
interaction of borrelia spirochetes with human mononuclear leukocytes causes production of leukocytic pyrogen and thromboplastin.	relapsing fever caused by borrelia spirochetes is characterized by episodes of spirochetemia, fever, and dic. we examined the ability of borrelia hermsii to induce production of leukocytic pyrogen and thromboplastin from human blood leukocytes in vitro. organisms were found devoid of endotoxin by the limulus assay. human peripheral blood leukocytes were separated into mnc and pmn fractions and were incubated with two to five spirochetes per cell in 10% human serum. supernatant fluids from mnc-sp ...	1982	7069269
relapsing fever in cape town. a case report.	a 19-year-old male member of the south african defence force presented in cape town with fever soon after returning from service in northern south west africa. the typical clinical features of relapsing fever were confirmed by the finding of spirochaetes on stained blood smears. a case report and short review of a disease which has not been reported previously in cape town is presented.	1982	7079896
action of penicillin on borrelia hermsii.	borrelia hermsii, a spirochete and an etiological agent of relapsing fever, was cultivated in modified kelly medium. studies of the action of penicillin on b. hermsii strain hs1 revealed the following: (i) the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of benzylpenicillin for this strain were 0.4 and 3.1 nmol/ml (0.15 and 1.1 micrograms/ml), respectively; (ii) the primary morphological responses at the minimum bactericidal concentration of benzylpenicillin w ...	1982	7103461
[treatment of borrelia infected ticks (author's transl)].	the ornithodorus tholozani, carrier and main reservoir of borrelia persica, causing agent of the regional recurrent fever in iran, gets rid of the infection by stuffing in blood containing a cycline type antibiotic, in an adequate concentration. the treatment efficiency is 100%, confirmed on 60 infected ticks who showed to be free from borrelia after a treatment meal, so that the crushing of their whole body, inoculated to the guinea-pig, the most sensitive animal to borrelia persica, remains al ...	1982	7105283
[blood concentrations and anti-borrelia anserina activity of erythromycin salts in birds].	tested was comparatively the antispirochaetal activity of erythromycin asparaginate (ea), thiocyanate (et), and lactate (el) in a total of 314 chickens, pullets and cockerels artificially infected with borrelia anserina (strains surnevo and pamoukchii). the antibiotics were applied via the crop, with the drinking water, and subcutaneously. the general status of the birds mortality rate, spirocheataemia, and the blood level of antibiotics were followed up along with the effect of ea and et on the ...	1982	7112926
multifocal neuropathy and vocal cord paralysis in relapsing fever.	a 19-year-old soldier developed multifocal neuropathy following an infection with tick-borne borrelia. he suffered from involvement of the right accessory nerve, the right brachial plexus and the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. as was expected, all these complications were reversible. in contrast to louse-borne relapsing fever, neurological manifestations in the tick-borne variants are not common. to the best of our knowledge, vocal cord paralysis has never been described before.	1982	7117321
antigenic variation of borrelia hermsii.	at least 24 different serotypes were detected in populations of borrelia hermsii that originated from a single organism. these serotypes were identified by staining with specific fluoresceinated antisera prepared against cloned populations of living organisms of each type. in the order of decreasing frequency, the 10 types more often encountered were 7, which was clearly dominant, and 2, 17, 24, 13, 2, 1, 21, 11, and 12. each of the 24 types were shown to change to 7 or more other serotypes. spi ...	1982	7130900
variable major proteins of borrellia hermsii.	borrelia hermsii, a relapsing fever agent, manifests antigenic variation in vivo and in vitro. we studied three mouse-passaged serotypes of strain hs1 (7, 14, and 21) and a hs1 derivative obtained after multiple in vitro passages (c serotype). all four serotypes had two major proteins in whole cell lysates fractionated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. one major protein species (pii) had the same apparent subunit molecular weight (or approximately 3.9 x 10(4) in all t ...	1982	7130901
augmentation of haemo-tissue vaccine doses out-turn through blood transfusion in borrelia anserina infected chickens.		1982	7136369
[relapsing fever].		1982	7167942
[the mechanism of movement in spirochetes and its importance for their taxonomic relationships, based on the ultrastructure of the agent of swine dysentery].		1982	7170857
[argas (persicargas) persicus and argas (argas) africolumbae as natural vectors of borrelia anserina and aegyptianella pullorum in upper volta].		1981	7196729
in vivo evidence that an intact lytic complement pathway is not essential for successful removal of circulating borrelia turicatae from mouse blood.	complement component c5-deficient mice were found to be able to eliminate blood-borne borrelia turicatae as effectively as normocomplementemic control animals. the absence of c5 and the resultant loss of hemolytic complement activity were confirmed for the deficient mouse strains used. immunofluorescent staining of complement component c3 on blood-derived borreliae could be readily accomplished as early as 2 days before spirochetal elimination from all mice tested. these observations would sugge ...	1981	7216454
preservation of borrelia anserina at different temperatures.		1980	7248533
[interrelations of borrelia and ornithodorus in connection with the maintenance of natural foci of tick-borne relapsing fever].		1980	7336459
[a new rickettsiale (ehrlichiae) in leukocytes of the blood of gambia rats (cricetomys gambianus) in senegal : cytoecetes kamtchoulii n. sp].	among 20 hemograms (peripheric blood smears) carried out upon some adults male and female giant rats, (cricetomys gambianus) captured in the dakar region, two (10 p. 100) are infected by one rickettsiale of the ehrlichiae tribe and of the cytoecetes genus tyzzer, 1938. polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes and monocytes, more or less 1/25, and monocytes, more or less 1/40, of the systemic circulation are infected by "elementary bodies" (diameter : 0.1 to 0.3 mu) included in the cell protoplasm ...	1981	7346908
terminal changes in mice experimentally infected with borrelia duttoni.	the terminal changes following borrelia duttoni infection in mice consisted of disseminated intravascular coagulation with associated depression in temperature, and in white cell and platelet counts with the development of a positive limulus lysate test. apart from thrombosis and haemorrhage, similar changes were found in mice given cyclophosphamide prior to infection. the results suggest that neither intravascular coagulation nor immune complex formation are major factors in causing death in bo ...	1980	7365574
phagocytosis of borrelia recurrentis by blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes is enhanced by antibiotic treatment.	the removal of borrelia spirochetes from the blood in relapsing fever was studied by examining patients' blood phagocytic cells with the dieterle silver stain. polymorphonuclear leukocytes ingested borrelia at increased rates for several hours after antibiotic treatment, during which time the total numbers of circulating plasma spirochetes were decreasing. incubation of infected blood at 37 degrees c for 2 h resulted in a progressive increase in phagocytosis. addition of penicillin g and tetracy ...	1980	7399684
reaction following treatment of murine borreliosis and shwartzman type reacion with borrelial sonicates.	treatment of experimental murine borreliosis induced an acute transient fall in temperature, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia with appearance of circulating 'endotroxin-like' material. this reaction to treatment could be reproduced by the inoculatioh of borrelial sonicates into infected mice or by two injections of the same sonicate given 24 hours apart, into normal mice. sensitization or precipitation of the reaction could not be induced by e. coli lipopolysaccharide, although a reaction indisti ...	1980	7413246
tick-borne relapsing fever in the pacific northwest: an underdiagnosed illness?	some 30 cases of tick-borne relapsing fever due to borrelia are known to have occurred between 1965 and 1978 in the pacific northwest. this disease was found more frequently in young men with a history of wilderness exposure during the summer months. recurrent fever was the most common symptom with temperatures reaching higher than 39.5 degrees c (103.1 degrees f) in all cases, and many patients had three or more febrile episodes. splenomegaly was the second most common finding reported. diagnos ...	1980	7415171
a note on strain variation in akola and jabalpur strains of borrelia anserina.		1980	7415664
tick-borne relapsing fever in children.	three cases of tick-borne fever diagnosed during the summer of 1979 are reported and the ecoepidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of this infection are reviewed. although challenging, the diagnosis can be made easily if specific historical clues are sought and the patient's blood smear is carefully examined. the diagnosis of this condition early in its course can save clinicians and patients the anxiety and cost of the work-up of a "fever of unknown origin." since vacationing in t ...	1980	7454488