Publications

a chemically modified tetracycline (cmt-3) is a new antifungal agent.	several chemically modified tetracycline analogs (cmts), which were chemically modified to eliminate their antibacterial efficacy, were unexpectedly found to have antifungal properties. of 10 cmts screened in vitro, all exhibited antifungal activities, although their efficacies varied. among these compounds, cmt-315, -3, and -308 were found to be the most potent as antifungal agents. the mics of cmt-3 against 47 strains of fungi in vitro were determined by using amphotericin b (amb) and doxycycl ...	2002	11959581
scedosporium apiospermum fungemia in a lung transplant recipient.	scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual anamorph of the cosmopolitan fungus pseudallescheria boydii, is emerging as an important cause of disseminated infection in immunocompromised patients. we present our experience with the first reported case of s apiospermum fungemia in a lung transplant patient. disseminated infection resulted in sepsis, multiorgan failure, and death. review of the literature highlights the diagnostic difficulties related to the similarities between s. apiospermum and asperg ...	2002	12006471
treatment of scedosporium apiospermum brain abscesses with posaconazole.	a 41-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed multiple scedosporium apiospermum brain abscesses. the infection progressed despite neurosurgical drainage and treatment with itraconazole, amphotericin b, and ketoconazole, but the brain abscesses completely resolved after treatment with posaconazole alone.	2002	12032903
genotyping study of scedosporium apiospermum isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis.	usually a saprophyte, scedosporium apiospermum often colonizes the respiratory tracts of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). in order to improve our understanding of the molecular epidemiology of the airway colonization, 129 sequential and multiple isolates collected from january 1998 to march 1999 from nine cf patients monitored in three hospitals in france were typed by random amplification of polymorphic dna with primers gc70, ubc-701, and ubc-703. among these primers, ubc-703 was the most di ...	2002	12037073
antifungal triazoles and polymorphonuclear leukocytes synergize to cause increased hyphal damage to scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum.	scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii) cause pulmonary and disseminated infections refractory to most currently used antifungal agents in immunocompromised patients. we therefore investigated the potential antifungal activities of the triazoles itraconazole (itc), voriconazole (vrc), and posaconazole (psc) in combination with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) against the hyphae of these fungal pathogens. a colorimetric assay with (2,3-bis[2-methox ...	2002	12069979
severe keratomycosis secondary to scedosporium apiospermum.	to report an unusual case of severe keratomycosis caused by scedosporium apiospermum without any known previous ocular injury, that resulted in a corneal perforation, which was treated with an emergency penetrating tectonic keratoplasty and later with phacoemulsification and astigmatic keratotomy to restore good visual function.	2002	12072729
fungal keratitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum: report of two cases and review of treatment.	we report our experience in treating two cases of scedosporium apiospermum keratitis and provide a review of basic scientific and clinical data regarding the treatment of this visually devastating disease.	2002	12072730
scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii) endocarditis.	scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual state of pseudallescheria boydii, is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen. we report a case of native valve endocarditis due to this organism that developed in an elderly patient following a prolonged hospitalization. literature on endocarditis caused by s. apiospermum and p. boydii is reviewed.	2002	12099748
scedosporium apiospermum post-traumatic cranial infection.	scedosporium apiospermum is an environmental mould. human infection caused by this organism is described more and more often. however, only a few case reports demonstrate its role as a telluric contaminant in patients affected by traumatism. this report is the case of a severe post traumatic infection by s. apiospermum in an immunocompetent young man. surgical drainage associated with systemic therapy was successful.	2002	12119080
primary cutaneous fungal infections in solid organ transplantation: a case series.	cutaneous fungal infections in solid-organ transplant patients present in a variety of nonspecific ways, requiring a high index of suspicion to diagnose correctly. in the present series of four transplant recipients, subsequent primary cutaneous fungal infections presented as papules, plaques, ulcers and subcutaneous nodules. transplantations included one cardiac, two renal and one renal-pancreatic transplant. fungal infections were limited to the skin; there was no evidence of disseminated dise ...	2002	12201372
pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph scedosporium apiospermum). infection in solid organ transplant recipients in a tertiary medical center and review of the literature.	(sca) is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus capable of causing invasive disease. we reviewed our electronic microbiology records and the english-language literature. between 1976 and december 1999 we identified 23 solid organ transplant recipients with sca infection, 7 of which occurred between december 1987 and december 1999 at our institution. overall incidence was 1 per 1,000 patients, with a trend of higher incidence in patients receiving lung transplants compared with other transplant organs ( ...	2002	12352630
scedosporium apiospermum in chronic granulomatous disease treated with an hla matched bone marrow transplant.	a patient with chronic granulomatous disease who was being treated with steroids was diagnosed with a soft tissue scedosporium apiospermum infection. despite extensive treatment with antifungals progression to involve solid tissue (bone) occurred. treatment required an hla matched bone marrow transplant, which led to complete clearance of the fungal infection, although the patient subsequently died.	2002	12354810
an immunocompetent patient with primary scedosporium apiospermum vertebral osteomyelitis.	scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual anamorph of pseudallescheria boydii, is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus that usually causes cutaneous/subcutaneous infection but may manifest as an invasive disease, often in immunocompromised hosts. following an extensive literature review, we think that this case represents the first documented report of a primary infection of the spine in an immunocompetent patient. despite extensive surgical debridement and itraconazole therapy, the patient died of multi ...	2002	12394669
systemic mycosis caused by scedosporium apiospermum in a stranded northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris) undergoing rehabilitation.	a recently weaned, stranded, male northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris) pup that had been undergoing rehabilitation was found severely obtunded with hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and hypophosphatemia after a history of intermittent regurgitation. the animal was euthanatized, and gross postmortem findings included multifocal abscessation affecting brain, spleen, kidney, muscle, and subcutaneous tissue. scedosporium apiospermum and mixed bacteria were cultured from brain, ki ...	2002	12398309
case reports. infection due to scedosporium apiospermum in renal transplant recipients: a report of two cases and literature review of central nervous system and cutaneous infections by pseudallescheria boydii/sc. apiospermum.	two cases of infections due to scedosporium apiospermum in renal transplant recipients, one localized in the central nervous system, the other in the skin, are presented, and a literature review of 21 cases of central nervous system and cutaneous infections due to pseudallescheria boydii/sc. apiospermum is given.	2002	12421295
amphotericin b lipid complex exerts additive antifungal activity in combination with polymorphonuclear leucocytes against scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum.	scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum are resistant to most antifungal agents and cause refractory pulmonary and disseminated infections. the combined effects of deoxycholate amphotericin b, amphotericin b lipid complex and liposomal amphotericin b with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) in damaging hyphae of these fungi were evaluated by xtt assay. amphotericin b lipid complex displayed a significant additive effect with pmns against both scedosporium species (22% for s. ...	2002	12461027
scedosporium apiospermum pneumonia and sternal wound infection in a heart transplant recipient.	the most common fungi that cause invasive infection in transplant recipients are the spp, spp, and the endemic fungi such as and. recently, however, other fungal pathogens have emerged as important causes of invasive disease in these immunocompromised individuals, including the dematiaceous fungi, such as and the spp, species of and, and the hyalohyphomycoses, such as (pseudallescheria boydii) (1).	2002	12490804
activity of voriconazole against corneal isolates of scedosporium apiospermum.	to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of voriconazole, a new triazole, compared with other polyene and imidazole antifungal agents against corneal isolates of scedosporium apiospermum.	2003	12502945
cases from the osler medical service at johns hopkins university. scedosporium apiospermum mycetoma of the lung.	presenting features: a 42-year-old man was admitted with a chief complaint of cough and night sweats of 2 months' duration. the cough produced brown sputum but no blood. he also reported drenching sweats every night for the last several weeks before admission. he attributed his cough to exposure to dust while working on demolishing a funeral home 2 months ago; he denied any history of respiratory symptoms before this recent job. the patient smoked less than one pack of cigarettes per week during ...	2002	12517368
disseminated pseudallescheria boydii (scedosporium apiospermum) infection in a renal transplant patient.	transplant recipients receive a number of immunosuppressive medications that result in an increased risk of infection, including infections with microbes that are normally not pathogenic. we describe a patient with end-stage renal disease who underwent kidney transplantation. six months postoperatively, he presented with a lesion on his ankle, multiple thigh nodules, and right testicular pain. biopsy of the ankle lesion demonstrated pseudallescheria boydii (scedosporium apiospermum), a common en ...	2002	12535264
breakthrough scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii) brain abscess during therapy for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following high-risk allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. scedosporiasis and recent advances in antifungal therapy.	systemic scedosporiasis due to the anamorph or asexual form scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii) has become an important cause of opportunistic mycosis, especially in patients undergoing high-risk hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. we report a case of rapidly progressive cerebellar hyalohyphomycosis due to scedosporium apiospermum in an allogeneic marrow graft recipient receiving treatment for severe graft-versus-host disease. this fatal breakthrough intracranial abscess, due ...	2002	12535265
antifungal pharmacotherapy for invasive mould infections.	the incidence of invasive mould infections is increasing and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. among the most prevalent of these infections are those caused by aspergillus and fusarium species. invasive disease caused by moulds frequently presents as a pulmonary infection, but haematogenous infection can occur. some moulds cause cutaneous disease through either direct inoculation of the skin or secondary spread to the skin after dissemination from another body site. early d ...	2003	12562305
cutaneous infection due to scedosporium apiospermum in an immunosuppressed patient.	scedosporium apiospermum, the anamorphic form of pseudallescheria boydii, is a filamentous fungus with low inherent virulence. increasing numbers of cases of this infection have been reported probably related to the rising number of immunosuppressed persons. apart from mycetoma, cutaneous and subcutaneous infection is rarely encountered in clinical practice. we describe a case of cutaneous infection caused by scedosporium apiospermum in a subject with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus w ...	2003	12602968
[cutaneous and osteoarticular scedosporium apiospermum infection].	scedosporium apiospermum is a widely distributed fungus that can be found in the soil, manure and decaying vegetation. human infection with this fungus is facilited by immunodepression. a 65-year-old man, who was taking oral methylprednisolone for rheumatoid polyarthritis had for a few months ulcerated or suppurative nodules whose incision discharged a thick honey-colored exudate. an ulceration over the first right metatarsophalangian articulation had left the bone exposed. the treatment for pse ...	2002	12610428
intramedullary abscess in a patient with disseminated scedosporium apiospermum infection.		2003	12614201
disseminated infection due to scedosporium apiospermum in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia.	a 62-year-old man diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia which had developed from myelodysplastic syndrome received cytarabine and idarubicine as an induction therapy. the patient developed pneumonia and bacterial sepsis during profound neutropenia. fever and sepsis improved by using many anti-bacterials and anti-fungals but he became febrile again and complained of severe lumbar pain. 67ga scintigram showed abnormal uptake in the lumbar vertebra and left sternoclavicular joint, suggesting a ...	2003	12688361
in vitro susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi: comparison of etest and reference m38-a microdilution methods for determining posaconazole mics.	the performance of the etest for posaconazole susceptibility testing of 72 isolates of filamentous fungi was assessed in comparison with the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) approved standard broth microdilution method (m38-a). the nccls method employed rpmi 1640 broth medium, and mics were read after incubation for 48h at 35 degrees c. etest mics were determined with rpmi agar containing 2% glucose and were read after incubation for 48h at 35 degrees c. the isolates ...	2003	12729993
keratitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum successfully treated with a cornea transplant and voriconazole.	a case of scedosporium apiospermum keratitis was successfully treated with oral voriconazole and penetrating keratoplasty. voriconazole levels in the aqueous humor were 53% of the levels in plasma and exceeded the mic for the isolate by sevenfold.	2003	12734297
use of voriconazole in scedosporium apiospermum keratitis.		2003	12792490
diagnosis of invasive septate mold infections. a correlation of microbiological culture and histologic or cytologic examination.	we correlated results of microbiologic culture and histopathologic examination for 2,891 consecutive samples from autopsy tissue, surgical or biopsy tissue, and bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) or bronchial washing (bw) specimens. for 23 autopsy cases with suspected invasive septate mold infections by histopathologic examination, culture yielded a mold in 12 cases (52%). for 1,683 surgical or biopsy samples, histopathologic evidence of invasive septate mold infection was present in 30 samples, 9 of ...	2003	12817433
voriconazole in the treatment of invasive mold infections in transplant recipients.	mortality due to invasive mold infections in solid organ transplant recipients is very high despite therapy with amphotericin b, including lipid formulations. voriconazole is a triazole with a good activity against molds, including aspergillus spp. and scedosporium spp. experience with voriconazole is limited, but preliminary results in patients with these infections are promising. reported here is the experience with voriconazole administered on a compassionate-use basis to five patients with i ...	2003	12827536
voriconazole.	reports of resistance and intolerance to currently available antifungal agents are increasing. voriconazole is a broad-spectrum azole antifungal agent structurally derived from fluconazole. it is indicated for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and serious fungal infections caused by scedosporium apiospermum and fusarium species in patients who are unable to tolerate or are refractory to other antifungal therapy.	2003	12867215
two cases of subcutaneous scedosporium apiospermum infection treated with voriconazole.	scedosporium apiospermum is a mold that is increasingly being recognized as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients, and treatment is complicated by intrinsic resistance to several antifungal agents. in our hospital, two cases of s. apiospermum infection occurring within 2 weeks were successfully treated with voriconazole. since both patients were infected with an uncommon pathogen, a search for a common nosocomial source was performed. as environmental cultures yielded no s. api ...	2003	12925124
scedosporium apiospermum keratitis treated with itraconazole.	mycotic keratitis usually occurs in conjunction with trauma to the cornea. scedosporium apiospermum, a dematiaceous fungus linked to the teleomorph pseudallescheria boydii is not a common agent of mycotic keratitis. a 22-year old male patient with mycotic keratitis due to s. apiospermum is presented. in in vitro susceptibility testing, the isolate showed resistance against amphotericin b (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic] 16 microg ml(-1)) but was susceptible to itraconazole (itc) and fluco ...	2003	12964842
mycotic osteomyelitis due to scedosporium apiospermum: mr imaging-pathologic correlation.	mycotic osteomyelitis is rare and occurs in immunocompromised patients after inoculation of the pathogen at a penetrating trauma site. mycotic osteomyelitis due to scedosporium apiospermum is extremely rare, with only 13 cases of septic arthritis reported previously. ours is only the third case of s. apiospermum osteomyelitis in an immunocompromised patient and the only patient with a histopathologic diagnosis from an amputation specimen. recognition of this pathogen may be delayed due to insidi ...	2003	14504834
scedosporium apiospermum keratomycosis with secondary endophthalmitis.		2003	14528249
human phagocytic cell responses to scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii): variable susceptibility to oxidative injury.	scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii) is an emerging opportunistic filamentous fungus that causes serious infections in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. to gain insight into the immunopathogenesis of infections due to s. apiospermum, the antifungal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns), mononuclear leukocytes (mncs), and monocyte-derived macrophages (mdms) against two clinical isolates of s. apiospermum were evaluated. isolate sa54a was amphoter ...	2003	14573669
fatal pulmonary scedosporiosis.	we report on a case of scedosporiosis in a 72-year-old german woman. her disease started with a purulent ulceration of unknown course at her left foot. soon after onset of oral antibacterial therapy she needed in-hospital treatment because of an acute pneumonia. the infection progressed despite the application of different antibiotics. microscopic examination of tracheal fluid revealed fungal hyphae and therefore treatment with itraconazole was initiated. however, the patient developed renal fai ...	2003	14622392
efficacy of voriconazole in treatment of systemic scedosporiosis in neutropenic mice.	we have evaluated the efficacy of voriconazole (vrc) in a murine model of systemic infection by scedosporium apiospermum. the survival of mice treated with vrc at 5, 20, or 40 mg/kg/day was greater than that of the control group (p< or =0.0009). vrc reduced the tissue burden in the spleen and brain (p<0.001 in both organs) in comparison with that of the control group.	2003	14638514
skin infection caused by scedosporium apiospermum.	a woman with a skin infection because of scedosporium apiospermum, in the interdigital spaces of her feet is presented. the minimum inhibition concentration values (mic, microg ml(-1)) of this isolated mould for itraconazole, amphotericin b and terbinafine after 48 h were determined as 1, 8 and 16, respectively. the patient was treated successfully with oral terbinafine and topical clotrimazole.	2003	14641629
[foot injury as a rare cause of scendosporiosis with fetal outcome].	after an attempted suicide with a fall from a height of 5 m, a 33 year old male suffered a subarachnoidal haemorrhage, an instable fracture of the second lumbar vertebra as well as a soft-tissue decollément in the vicinity of the right heel. despite surgical management, the comatose patient showed slow wound-healing of the heel, making revision-surgery necessary 10 days after the first treatment. fungi were histologically recognised, and subsequent culturing identified scedosporium apiospermum. ...	2003	14652729
successful treatment due to vacuum seal technique of a severe scedosporium apiospermum skin infection in a renal transplant recipient.		2004	14671067
persistent subcutaneous scedosporium apiospermum infection.	we report the case of a 52-year-old male heart transplant recipient with a persistent localized subcutaneous infection by scedosporium apiospermum. this form differs from the most common mycetoma by the absence of granules. the patient showed multiple nodules on the right hand that were surgically removed. concomitantly, he received oral itraconazole, but the infection persisted for two years, and several surgical interventions were necessary to eradicate the infection. our case demonstrates tha ...	2003	14721787
cushing's syndrome due to interaction between inhaled corticosteroids and itraconazole.	to report a case of an interaction between inhaled corticosteroids and itraconazole causing iatrogenic cushing's syndrome and provide a review of the relevant literature.	2004	14742792
infection of the cns by scedosporium apiospermum after near drowning. report of a fatal case and analysis of its confounding factors.	this report describes a fatal case of central nervous system pseudallescheriasis. a 32 year old white man presented with headache and meningismus 15 days after nearly drowning in a swine sewage reservoir. computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the head revealed multiple brain granulomata, which vanished when steroid and broad spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal agents, in addition to dexamethasone, were started. cerebrospinal fluid analysis disclosed a neutrophilic meningiti ...	2004	14747453
voriconazole in fungal keratitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum.	to describe the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of posttraumatic scedosporium apiospermum (sca) keratitis successfully treated with systemic and topical voriconazole.	2004	14755065
invasive fungal infection of the midfacial and orbital complex due to scedosporium apiospermum and mucormycosis.		2004	14762757
respiratory tract intracavitary colonization due to scedosporium apiospermum: report of four cases.	four cases of respiratory tract intracavitary colonization (fungus ball) due to scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph, pseudallescheria boydii) are reported. the need for a careful search for anneloconidia, in order to establish the etiologic diagnosis in the clinical specimen by microscopy, is emphasized.	2004	15057335
endogenous endophthalmitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum treated with voriconazole.		2004	15097903
susceptibility of pseudallescheria boydii and scedosporium apiospermum to new antifungal agents.	hyalohyphomycoses caused by pseudallescheria boydii and scedosporium apiospermum have recently been on the increase. to find the appropriate treatment for this emerging disease, we examined the antifungal susceptibility of 10 isolates of p. boydii and 17 isolates of s. apiospermum, most of which were isolated from clinical specimens. when the nccls m38-p microdilution method was used, itraconazole showed strong antifungal activities, while amphotericin b had little efficacy. a new triazole agent ...	2004	15118667
successful treatment of chronic meningitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum with oral voriconazole.		2004	15132423
otitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum in an immunocompetent child.	scedosporium apiospermum (pseudallescheria boydii) is a ubiquitous saprophytic mold. it is considered an infrequent but important and emerging human pathogen, mostly in immunocompromised hosts. otomycosis secondary to s. apiospermum is extremely rare. we report an 8-year-old immunocompetent male who developed otitis media and otitis externa from s. apiospermum, which was successful treated with combination of surgical debridement and topical clotrimazole therapy. a brief literature review of inf ...	2004	15183592
interferon-gamma and colony-stimulating factors as adjuvant therapy for refractory fungal infections in children.	a human immunodeficiency virus-infected boy with scedosporium apiospermum otomastoiditis and a girl with diabetes mellitus and mucor sinusitis and orbital cellulitis had life-threatening disease progression despite antifungal treatment. interferon-gamma and granulocyte-macrophage or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were added, with good functional outcome in both children. adjunctive therapy with interferon-gamma, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimu ...	2004	15295229
recurrence of scedosporium apiospermum infection following renal re-transplantation.	immunosuppression for organ transplantation results in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections including fungal, such as scedosporium apiospermum. even though many reported cases of this infection had both local and systemic manifestations, majority of the systemic infections had a fatal outcome. we report a case of a 50-year-old caucasian male with lymphocutaneous and presumed pulmonary scedosporium infection 4 years after renal transplantation that was successfully treated with vo ...	2004	15367232
the significance of blood cultures positive for emerging saprophytic moulds in cancer patients.	the significance of blood cultures positive for emerging saprophytic moulds (e.g., scedosporium apiospermum, scedosporium prolificans, paecilomyces spp.) was evaluated in 30 cancer patients (1996-2002). diagnostic criteria proposed previously for evaluation of aspergillaemia were used. blood cultures positive for emerging saprophytic moulds represented 1% of all positive fungal cultures. one case of catheter-related fungaemia was excluded. the remaining 29 cases consisted of true (n = 5), probab ...	2004	15373888
correlation between in vitro susceptibility of scedosporium apiospermum to voriconazole and in vivo outcome of scedosporiosis in guinea pigs.	we have evaluated the efficacy of voriconazole (vrc) in a systemic infection by scedosporium apiospermum in immunodepressed guinea pigs. animals were infected with two strains; one required a vrc mic of 0.5 to 1 microg/ml, common for this fungus, and the other required a high mic (8 microg/ml), unusual in this species. vrc prolonged survival and reduced fungal load in kidney and brain tissues of the animals infected with the first strain but was unable to prolong survival or to reduce fungal loa ...	2004	15388467
scedosporium apiospermum keratitis.	a case of scedosporium apiospermum keratitis is reported in a 65-year-old farmer referred for treatment of an extensive corneal ulcer in the left eye. direct examination of scrapes revealed abundant filamentous septate hyphae; all cultures were consistently positive for the same fungus, identified later as scedosporium apiospermum. the patient successfully responded to treatment with amphotericin b.	2003	15456375
voriconazole: therapeutic review of a new azole antifungal.	the new triazole antifungal, voriconazole (vfend, pfizer ltd), was developed for the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. the drug, which is available for both oral and intravenous administration, has broad-spectrum activity against pathogenic yeasts, dimorphic fungi and opportunistic moulds. unlike fluconazole (diflucan, pfizer ltd), voriconazole has potent in vitro activity against aspergillus spp., fusarium spp. and scedosporium apiospermum. in phase ...	2004	15482215
pseudoporphyria as a result of voriconazole use: a case report.	voriconazole, a second-generation triazole, has recently been approved by the food and drug administration (fda) to treat invasive aspergillosis and refractory infections with scedosporium apiospermum or fusarium spp. the reported side-effects of voriconazole include visual changes, headaches, elevated hepatic enzymes, steven-johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, chelitis, photosensitivity, discoid lupus erythematosus and anaphylactoid infusion reactions. pseudoporphyria was first descri ...	2004	15485539
disseminated scedosporium apiospermum infection in a previously healthy woman with hellp syndrome.	a previously healthy 33-year-old female died of disseminated infection with scedosporium apiospermum in association with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (hellp) syndrome following the delivery of twins. her postpartum course was complicated by multisystem organ failure managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo). she also developed bowel and left lower extremity ischemia requiring surgical resection. blood cultures yielded s. apiospermum, and histologic findings ...	2004	15504131
a novel murine model of cerebral scedosporiosis: lack of efficacy of amphotericin b.	cerebral scedosporiosis is a life-threatening infection that is difficult to treat. the aim of this work was to develop a murine model of cerebral infection by scedosporium apiospermum using intracranial inoculation and to use this model to evaluate the efficacy of amphotericin b deoxycholate and liposomal amphotericin b.	2004	15509616
[usefulness of panfungal pcr for the diagnosis of fungal infection in immunocompromised patients].	the diagnostic of invasive fungal infection is often difficult because of the low sensitivity of fungal culture from infected tissues. here we have assessed the ability of a panfungal pcr targeted on the dna region encoding the rna genes followed by sequencing of the amplification products to detect and identify fungi from tissue biopsies. this assay allowed us to identify the microorganism responsible for an invasive fungal infection in three of our patients. in two cases, hepatosplenic candidi ...	2004	15531120
infections due to scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans in transplant recipients: clinical characteristics and impact of antifungal agent therapy on outcome.	unique characteristics, impact of therapy with antifungal agents, and outcome of infections with scedosporium species were assessed in transplant recipients.	2004	15614697
susceptibility of filamentous fungi to voriconazole tested by two microdilution methods.	the growing number of fungal infections, coupled with emerging resistance to classical antifungal agents, has led to the development of new agents, among them voriconazole. susceptibility to voriconazole was tested by two microdilution techniques: the national committee for clinical laboratory standards reference method m38-a and a colorimetric method, sensititre yeastone. the study tested a total of 244 isolates: 223 aspergillus (136 aspergillus fumigatus, 37 a. niger, 26 a. terreus, 16 a. flav ...	2005	15634979
treatment of a chronic scedosporium apiospermum vertebral osteomyelitis. case report.	scedosporium apiospermum is a rare cause of fungal vertebral osteomyelitis that may result in chronic infection requiring multiple surgical interventions and long-term medical therapy. this case is the seventh one reported in the literature and is the first to include salvage surgery of a previous major spinal reconstruction. this report is also the first to describe the use of the new antifungal agent voriconazole. in treating this case of chronic vertebral osteomyelitis, several principles are ...	2004	15636579
management of rare fungal infections.	fungal infections caused by rare fungi have increased in recent years. this may be due to the increase in the number of immunocompromised patients. some rare fungi are geographically restricted, but with globalization and travel these infections are seen worldwide. the aim of this review is to address recent advances in the management of some uncommon fungal infections.	2004	15640706
scedosporium apiospermum soft tissue infection successfully treated with voriconazole: potential pitfalls in the transition from intravenous to oral therapy.	an immunocompromised patient with an invasive soft tissue infection due to scedosporium apiospermum was successfully treated with voriconazole and surgical debridement. after transition from intravenous to oral therapy, successive adjustments of the oral dose were required to achieve complete resolution. for soft tissue infections due to molds characterized by thin, septate hyphae branching at acute angles, voriconazole should be considered a first-line antifungal agent. the potential usefulness ...	2005	15695722
nasal infection with scedosporium apiospermum in a dog.	a 2-year-old female siberian husky was presented with a 6-month history of sneezing and mucous discharge from the right nostril.	2005	15731839
[fungal infections in paediatric patients with chronic granulomatous disease].	chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is a primary immunodeficiency resulting from a disfunction of microbial capacity of phagocytes. patients with this disease show great susceptibility to fungal and bacterial infections. between 1988 and 1998, five paediatric patients with cgd who acquired mycotic infections were studied at the paediatric hospital prof. dr. j. p. garrahan and their clinical and microbiological characteristics were described. the fungal infection appeared at the mean-age of 8.3 y ...	2000	15762786
pulmonary hyalohyphomycosis caused by fusarium spp in a kemp's ridley sea turtle (lepidochelys kempi): an immunohistochemical study.	to describe the microscopic and immunohistochemical findings in a case of pulmonary hyalohyphomycosis in a kemp's ridley sea turtle (lepidochelys kempi).	2004	15768112
second-generation azole antifungal agents.	the development of the triazole antifungal agents in the 1980s and 1990s greatly enhanced physicians' ability to treat fungal infections due to the lower toxicity of these agents compared with previous antifungal therapies. despite the addition of these agents, there continues to be limited therapeutic choices for a number of mycoses that cause significant disease in humans. three new agents (voriconazole, posaconazole and ravuconazole) have been developed which appear to have expanded antifunga ...	2005	15821782
cutaneous scedosporium apiospermum infection in an immunocompromised patient and a review of the literature.	scedosporium apiospermum (also known as pseudallescheria boydii) is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus. this fungus is known as a cause of mycetoma, which may occur in a normally immune host following trauma. however, in an immunocompromised host, s. apiospermum may cause a life-threatening infection. we describe a case of s. apiospermum infection of the right hand in a patient who was receiving long-term immunosuppressants for adult still's disease. we also review the cases of s. apiospermum infec ...	2005	15823912
effects of interleukin-15 on antifungal responses of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against fusarium spp. and scedosporium spp.	fusarium spp. and scedosporium spp. have emerged as important fungal pathogens that are frequently resistant to antifungal compounds. we investigated the effects of human interleukin-15 (il-15) on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmnl) activity against fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum as well as scedosporium prolificans and scedosporium apiospermum. il-15 (100 ng/ml) significantly enhanced pmnl-induced hyphal damage of both fusarium spp. and s. prolificans after incubation for 22 h (p < ...	2005	15935692
inteferon gamma and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augment the antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes against scedosporium spp.: comparison with aspergillus spp.	while aspergillus spp. have been the most frequent filamentous fungi causing infections in immunocompromised patients, scedosporium spp. are emerging as life-threatening pathogens. we studied the effects of interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) alone or combined on the antifungal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) against scedosporium apiospermum and scedosporium prolificans. we paralleled these activities to those against ...	2005	16010852
in vitro synergistic interaction between amphotericin b and micafungin against scedosporium spp.	the in vitro interaction between amphotericin b and micafungin against 36 isolates of scedosporium spp. has been evaluated using checkerboard assays and the minimal effective concentration endpoint. synergy was found for 82.4% of scedosporium prolificans isolates and for 31.6% of scedosporium apiospermum isolates. antagonism was not observed.	2005	16048969
fungal rhinitis caused by scedosporium apiospermum in a labrador retriever.		2005	16085725
direct sequencing of scedosporium apiospermum dna in the diagnosis of a case of keratitis.	the present report describes the diagnostic strategy followed in a case of keratomycosis. together with conventional methods, a molecular strategy that involved the direct sequencing of an amplified portion of the genome encompassing the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions and sequence analysis was used. the data highlight the diagnostic role of molecular techniques, in parallel with conventional methods, in the management of ocular infections of fungal aetiology.	2005	16091444
scedosporium apiospermum brain abscess treated with surgery and voriconazole. case report.	scedosporium apiospermum is a fungus found in the soil and in contaminated water. common cutaneous manifestations include madura foot, a painless swelling on the sole of the foot. invasive infection is usually associated with immunosuppression. the authors present a 16-month-old immunocompetent boy who had a near-drowning event. following this, he was severely disabled with spastic quadriparesis. early computerized tomography scans revealed diffuse hypoxic injury. magnetic resonance images obtai ...	2005	16122011
pseudallescheriasis in the 21st century.	since its discovery as an agent of mycetoma nearly a century ago, pseudallescheria boydii with its asexual (synanamorphic) form, scedosporium apiospermum, is now recognized as an important emerging opportunistic pathogen causing invasive mycosis in immunocompromised patients. the clinical spectrum of pseudallescheriasis is wide. invasive disease of the lung, cns and dissemination are serious manifestations in immunocompromised patients. this organism responds poorly to amphotericin b, and its hi ...	2005	16207168
molecular phylogeny of the pseudallescheria boydii species complex: proposal of two new species.	pseudallescheria boydii (anamorph scedosporium apiospermum) is the species responsible for human scedosporiosis, a fungal infection with a high mortality rate and which is difficult to treat. recently, it has been demonstrated that high genetic variation exists within this species. we have performed a morphological and molecular study involving numerous strains of clinical or environmental origins and from different countries. the analysis of partial sequences of the beta-tubulin (two loci) and ...	2005	16207945
quality control and reference guidelines for clsi broth microdilution susceptibility method (m 38-a document) for amphotericin b, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole.	although standard conditions are available for testing the susceptibilities of filamentous fungi to antifungal agents by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi; formerly national committee for clinical laboratory standards) broth microdilution assay, quality control (qc) mic limits have not been established for any mold-agent combination. this multicenter (eight-center) study documented the reproducibility of tests for one isolate of paecilomyces variotii atcc mya-3630 and 11 othe ...	2005	16207990
chronic pulmonary scedosporiosis simulating aspergillosis.	scedosporium apiospermum, a ubiquitously distributed saprophyte, is emerging as an important pathogen in immunocompromised patients. we describe a 72-year-old patient with chronic s. apiospermum infection of the lung simulating aspergilloma. his medical history was unremarkable except that he had undergone partial lung resection as a treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis several decades previously. he had no underlying immunosuppressive conditions. this patient illustrates that pulmonary scedospo ...	2005	16268926
prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by scedosporium apiospermum.	scedosporium apiospermum, the asexual state of pseudallescheria boydii, is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic pathogen. we report a case of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by this organism that developed in a patient following cardiac surgery.	2005	16327126
endogenous scedosporium apiospermum endophthalmitis.		2005	16340541
voriconazole in the treatment of fungal osteomyelitis of the orbit in the immunocompromised host.	scedosporium apiospermum is an uncommon cause of fungal infection in the orbit and sinus. morbidity and mortality rates in immunocompromised patients are high. we review the first case of scedosporium apiospermum orbito-sinus infection that was successfully treated with the new antifungal agent voriconazole. we highlight the efficacy of this drug, particularly in the treatment of osteomyelitis of the orbit and sinus, which may lead to an improvement in survival rates after scedosporium infection ...	2005	16354641
hexadecylphosphocholine (miltefosine) has broad-spectrum fungicidal activity and is efficacious in a mouse model of cryptococcosis.	the alkyl phosphocholine drug miltefosine is structurally similar to natural substrates of the fungal virulence determinant phospholipase b1 (plb1), which is a potential drug target. we determined the mics of miltefosine against key fungal pathogens, correlated antifungal activity with inhibition of the plb1 activities (plb, lysophospholipase [lpl], and lysophospholipase-transacylase [lpta]), and investigated its efficacy in a mouse model of disseminated cryptococcosis. miltefosine inhibited sec ...	2006	16436691
pseudallescheria boydii releases metallopeptidases capable of cleaving several proteinaceous compounds.	pseudallescheria boydii is an opportunistic filamentous fungus that causes serious infections in humans. virulence attributes expressed by p. boydii are unknown. conversely, peptidases are incriminated as virulence factors in several pathogenic fungi. here we investigated the extracellular peptidase profile in p. boydii. after growth on sabouraud for 7 days, mycelia of p. boydii were incubated for 20 h in pbs-glucose. the cell-free pbs-glucose supernatant was submitted to sds-page and 12 secreto ...	2006	16487686
head-to-head comparison of the activities of currently available antifungal agents against 3,378 spanish clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi.	we have compared the activities of posaconazole and other currently available antifungal agents against a collection of 3,378 clinical isolates of yeasts and filamentous fungi. a total of 1,997 clinical isolates of candida spp., 359 of other yeast species, 697 strains of aspergillus spp., and 325 nondermatophyte non-aspergillus spp. were included. the average geometric means of the mics of agents that were tested against candida spp. were 0.23 microg/ml for amphotericin b, 0.29 microg/ml for flu ...	2006	16495251
[disseminated infections due to scedosporium apiospermum in a patient with anaplastic large cell lymphoma. a case study].	a 42-year-old man was diagnosed with hepatosplenic t-cell lymphoma in november 2003. remission was incompletely achieved despite 10 courses of chemotherapy. he developed fever (38.5-39 degrees c), chills, cough and morning expectoration after the 61 courses of chemotherapy. during this period, an ultrasound of the abdomen showed multiple hypodense lesions of the liver. culture of the sputum yielded scedosporium apiospermum. fungal cultures from blood remained negative. the patient was treated wi ...	2005	16607764
[pseudoallescheria boydii (scedosporium apiospermum), cause of mycotic granulomatous osteomyelitis--case diagnosis].	fungal bone infections constitute about 0.1-0.2% of all osteomyelitis cases. the disease, mycetoma pedis, most often affects the feet and is also known as madura foot. mycetoma, extremely rare in this geographic area, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions. we present a case of mycetoma pedis (madura foot). the patient was a 50-year-old woman. the clinical signs included pain, indurations, and local redness. the anamnesis was very long, about 10 years. the operative material was routinel ...	2005	16623262
disseminated scedosporium apiospermum infection in a cystic fibrosis patient after double-lung transplantation.	scedosporium apiospermum is a saprophytic ubiquitous filamentous fungus. it can cause a wide spectrum of diseases, from localized to invasive infections. s apiospermum has been described as one of the major fungal agents of chronic colonization of airways in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. invasive infections due to s apiospermum are only rarely reported in cf after lung transplantation. a 26-year-old woman with cf and chronic bronchial colonization by s apiospermum developed bilateral chorioreti ...	2006	16678041
scedosporium apiospermum mycetoma with bone involvement successfully treated with voriconazole.	treatment of scedosporium apiospermum mycetoma usually requires limb amputation. a 49-year-old woman, from ivory coast, was diagnosed with madura foot in 1995. she failed to respond to several treatments including itraconazole, fluconazole and co-trimoxazole, and refused limb amputation. in december 2002 she was admitted to hospital in france with a painful, swollen right leg and foot. she had no fever and c-reactive protein was 120 mg/l. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) confirmed the destructio ...	2006	16714039
scedosporium apiospermum: changing clinical spectrum of a therapy-refractory opportunist.	current knowledge on the opportunist scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph: pseudallescheria boydii), generated over a period of more than 120 years, is reviewed. the natural environmental habitat of the fungus is unknown; nutrient-rich, brackish waters like river estuaria have been suggested. the fungus is strongly promoted by agricultural and particularly by industrial pollution.	2006	16772225
fungal osteoarticular infections in patients treated at a comprehensive cancer centre: a 10-year retrospective review.	this study reviewed retrospectively the clinical characteristics of 28 cancer patients with fungal osteoarticular infections (foais) between 1995 and 2005. most patients (26; 93%) had haematological malignancies (19 had leukaemia); half (14) were allogeneic stem-cell transplant recipients. twelve patients (43%) had severe neutropenia (< or = 100/mm3) with a mean duration of 65 days (range 10-500 days), and ten (36%) patients had received a significant dose of corticosteroids. most (19; 68%) foai ...	2006	16774557
[clinical and microbiological study of mycetomas at the muñiz hospital of buenos aires between 1989 and 2004].	this work presents clinical, microbiological and outcome data collected from 76 patients with mycetomas at the muñiz hospital from 1989 to 2004. forty-nine patients were male and 27 female; the mean age was 43.4 years. the majority of the patients acquired the infection in argentina: the most affected provinces were santiago del estero with 31 cases, and chaco with 11; 8 cases came from other countries (bolivia 6 and paraguay 2). the mean evolution of the disease was 9.2 years. the most frequent ...	2006	16784127
in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi with sensititre yeast one.	sensititre is a colorimetric microdilution method for in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing based on the m27-a document (national committee for clinical laboratory standards) for yeasts. difference between both methods is the presence of alamar-blue and rpmi 1640 (glucose 2%) as culture medium. antifungal susceptibility to amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and flucytosine, 100 opportunistic filamentous fungi (aspergillus spp., fusarium spp., scedosporium spp.) obtained ...	2006	16784443
scedosporium apiospermum soft-tissue infection: a case report and review of kidney transplant literature.	scedosporium apiospermum is an environmental mould. human infections caused by this organism have been observed; however, only a few case reports show its role as a telluric contaminant to kidney recipients. we have reported here a case of a dramatic soft tissue infection by s. apiospermum in a kidney-transplanted man. surgical drainage together with voriconazole systemic therapy was successful.	2006	16797295
polycytella hominis is a mutated form of scedosporium apiospermum.	pcr amplification and sequencing of two separate regions of the nuclear ribosomal repeat region revealed that polycytella hominis, a hyphomycete isolated from a human case of mycetoma, was genetically indistinguishable from scedosporium apiospermum (the anamorph of pseudallescheria boydii). these organisms also exhibited remarkably similar susceptibility profiles to common antifungal agents. p. hominis is thus likely to be a mutant of s. apiospermum showing abnormalities of sporulation, for whic ...	2006	16805091
lethal brain abscess due to the fungus scedosporium apiospermum (teleomorph pseudallescheria boydii) after a near-drowning incident: case report and review of the literature.	a 39-year-old healthy man developed a brain abscess weeks after a near-drowning incident. scedosporium apiospermum, the anamorph of pseudallescheria boydii, was isolated from the abscess. the patient died 153 days after the accident despite antifungal therapy. we discuss the role of antifungals and review the literature for comparable cases.	2006	16882615
brain abscess due to scedosporium apiospermum in a non immunocompromised child.	scedosporium apiospermum is a filamentous fungi that commonly causes cutaneous infection. in certain circumstances, s. apiospermum can also cause invasive disease, which can involve the central nervous system (cns). when the cns becomes involved, treatment is difficult, therapeutic options are limited and the prognosis is poor. early identification and treatment can decrease the mortality rate. here we present a case of brain abscess with chronic suppurative otitis media, caused by s. apiospermu ...	2006	16912449