Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| clarithromycin, dapsone, and a combination of both used to treat or prevent disseminated mycobacterium avium infection in beige mice. | bacteremic infection caused by organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is common in patients with aids. we evaluated both clarithromycin and dapsone alone and in combination for the treatment and prevention of disseminated mac disease in beige mice. in the therapeutic model, c57bl/6 beige mice were infected intravenously with strain 101 of mac (serovar 1). after 1 week postinfection, mice were given clarithromycin (200 mg/kg of body weight per day) and dapsone (15 mg/kg of body weight ... | 1994 | 7695252 |
| mycobacterium avium complex: advances in therapy. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in aids patients and is increasingly recognized as a significant pathogen in chronic pulmonary disease in nonimmunocompromised patients. important progress in therapy has occurred over the last several years. in aids patients, multidrug therapy has been shown to be beneficial in terms of reducing circulating bacteremia and improving clinical symptoms. clarithromycin and azithromycin, two broad-spect ... | 1994 | 7698117 |
| enhancement of antibiotic susceptibility and suppression of mycobacterium avium complex growth by poloxamer 331. | the resistance of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) to antibiotics is thought to be enhanced by its outer glycolipid layer, which protects the organisms from antibiotics and host defense mechanisms. we hypothesized that surfactants which disrupt the lipid barrier might be of therapeutic value. we evaluated the ability of 10 poloxamer surfactants to inhibit the growth of mac organisms and to potentiate antimycobacterial drug activity in broth culture using a radiometric assay. very large, small, ... | 1995 | 7726511 |
| dapsone/pyrimethamine may prevent mycobacterial disease in immunosuppressed patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | dapsone exhibits activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vitro. we retrospectively examined the incidence of mycobacterial diseases within a randomized prospective trial of prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and toxoplasmosis. of 501 participants who had not previously had a mycobacterial disease, 274 received dapsone/pyrimethamine (200/75 mg once weekly) and 227 received aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg once every 4 weeks). the median cd4 ... | 1995 | 7742423 |
| comparison of multiple drug therapy regimens for hiv-related disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease. | in june 1993, the united states public health service (usphs) made recommendations for treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv). it was suggested that every treatment regimen include either azithromycin or clarithromycin plus one or more of the following drugs: ethambutol, clofazimine, rifabutin, rifampin, ciprofloxacin, or amikacin. this study compares the effect of multiple drug therapy regimens on the survi ... | 1995 | 7749789 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in water, food, and soil samples collected from the environment of hiv-infected individuals. | as part of an epidemiologic study of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in san francisco, water, food and soil samples were collected from the home environment of 290 persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and cultured for mycobacteria. isolates recovered from the environment were compared with isolates cultured from study patients. although mycobacteria were recovered from numerous environmental samples, isolates reactive with mac-specific dna probes were recovered f ... | 1995 | 7749796 |
| mycobacterium avium: a potentially treatable cause of pericardial effusions. | we present a patient with a very large pericardial effusion due to disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with associated bacteraemia and gastroenteritis. he was hiv antibody-positive with a cd4+ lymphocyte count of 10 x 10(6)/l. he complained of fevers, diarrhoea and dyspnoea and an echocardiogram showed a pericardial effusion. chest x-ray showed progressive enlargement of the cardiac silhouette over a 3-month period. the effusion was drained surgically and antimycobacterial t ... | 1995 | 7751668 |
| mycobacterium avium complex (mac) osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in an immunocompetent host. | we describe a case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in an immunocompetent man. infection was derived from a chainsaw injury sustained on the lateral aspect of the ankle 13 years earlier, and had spread through the bone, joint and soft tissue emerging at the medial aspect. this was successfully treated with surgical debridement, drainage, arthrodesis and 18 months of chemotherapy consisting of clarithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and ciprofloxacin with an ... | 1995 | 7751669 |
| long-term safety of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the treatment of mycobacterial infections. | ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are potentially useful agents for treating mycobacterial infections. we retrospectively reviewed 7 years' experience with these agents in 103 patients. ofloxacin was used primarily to treat tuberculosis (tb), dosed to achieve 2-hour postdose serum concentrations of 8-12 micrograms/ml. ciprofloxacin was used primarily to treat mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, dosed to achieve 2-hour post-dose serum concentrations of 4-6 micrograms/ml. despite differences in ... | 1995 | 7767552 |
| intracellular activities of roxithromycin used alone and in association with other drugs against mycobacterium avium complex in human macrophages. | recent reports have shown that roxithromycin possesses significant activity against atypical mycobacteria, including the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), and that its extracellular anti-mac activity is further enhanced in two- or three-drug combinations with ethambutol, rifampin, amikacin, ofloxacin, and clofazimine. in accordance with the above data, the anti-mac potential of roxithromycin used alone and in combination with the above-mentioned antituberculous drugs was screened intracellularl ... | 1995 | 7786006 |
| ct features of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection. | the purposes of this study were to describe and compare the prevalence of disease features in subjects with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease with those of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (mtb), to compare the abilities of ct and chest radiography to identify the features of mac disease, and to determine if sputum positivity is related to any of the ct features of mac disease. | 1995 | 7790541 |
| in vitro and ex vivo activities of antimicrobial agents used in combination with clarithromycin, with or without amikacin, against mycobacterium avium. | mics of clarithromycin, amikacin, isoniazid, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ethambutol, and clofazimine were determined for six isolates of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) from aids patients both by the radiometric method and by an ex vivo model of infection in human macrophages. the median mics in macrophages were similar or slightly lower than values found in broth, except for amikacin, which had slightly higher mics inside the cells. combinations of clarithromycin with other antimi ... | 1995 | 7793873 |
| therapy of mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice with streptomycin encapsulated in sterically stabilized liposomes. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) causes serious opportunistic infections in aids patients. previous studies with mac-infected beige mice have indicated that weekly administration of liposome-encapsulated streptomycin can reduce significantly the cfu in the liver and spleen. we examined whether streptomycin encapsulated in recently developed sterically stabilized liposomes with prolonged circulation times would have a therapeutic effect in this animal model. two liposome types with prolonged cir ... | 1995 | 7793880 |
| predicting mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: a prospectively validated model. | in cases of advanced infection with human immunodeficiency virus, mycobacterial blood cultures are frequently used to diagnose disseminated infection with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). however, no prospectively validated guidelines exist for the use of such cultures. in this study, a two-part model for predicting mac bacteremia was developed and then validated prospectively. first, a cd4+ cell count of < or = 50/microl was used to predict bacteremia. then, among patients with < or = 50 ... | 1994 | 7803630 |
| contributions of animal and macrophage models to the understanding of host parasite interaction of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 1994 | 7809475 | |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with aids. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a common complication of advanced hiv disease that is associated with significant morbidity. after diagnosis of mac by recovery of organisms from blood or other normally sterile sites, specific treatment with multiple-drug regimens is appropriate and may reduce morbidity. multiple-drug regimens with agents active against mac should be employed to reduce the development of drug resistance. unfortunately, as most clinical trials of anti-m ... | 1994 | 7811542 |
| response to stimulation with recombinant cytokines and synthesis of cytokines by murine intestinal macrophages infected with the mycobacterium avium complex. | current evidence suggests that the gut is the chief portal of entry for organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in aids patients. bacterial invasion of intestinal mucosa presumably occurs through epithelial cells, and m cells in the peyer's patches, where the bacteria have contact with immunocompetent cells such as macrophages and t and b lymphocytes. as mucosal macrophages are probably the first line of defense against mac, we examined their ability to inhibit intracellular growth of ... | 1995 | 7822018 |
| bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of paromomycin against mycobacterium avium complex isolates. | the mics and mbcs of paromomycin for 32 mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were determined by a radiometric broth dilution method. the mics for the majority of strains were either 8 or 16 mg/l and the mbcs were four- to eight-fold higher. paromomycin merits further evaluation as oral prophylaxis against disseminated mac infection. | 1994 | 7829417 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium infection among hiv-infected patients in kenya. | previous studies from africa have been unable to identify disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we performed mycobacterial blood cultures and cd4 counts on 48 symptomatic adults with advanced hiv infection admitted to the hospital in nairobi, kenya over 4 weeks in 1992. fourteen patients had mycobacteremia; these patients had significantly lower cd4 counts than the patients with negative cultures (14/mm3 v ... | 1995 | 7834402 |
| [new drugs against tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: a review]. | the number of cases with tuberculosis is again increasing in many countries, and recently several nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis have occurred in the united states. the number of patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections in aids population, and patients with mac pulmonary disease unassociated with hiv seem to be also increasing. it takes at least 6 to 9 months for an initial treatment of active tuberculosis due to drug-sensitive strains wit ... | 1994 | 7837725 |
| [therapeutic efficacy of macrolide in pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacteriosis]. | clarithromycin (cam) is semi-synthetic macrolide antimicrobial agent, differing from erythromycin by an o-methyl substitution at position 6 of the 14-membered lactate ring. cam is one of the very few antimicrobial agents that show activity against that mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in vivo, in vitro, and in aids patients with disseminated infections. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of cam against mac in patients with chronic pulmonary mac infection. ... | 1994 | 7837727 |
| [identification of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare using dna probe test, and their ratio in niigata area]. | using gen-probe test, both the mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare strains were identified in the 76 disease-associated mycobacterium-avium complex (mac) strains isolated in the niigata area. the following results were obtained: 1) fifty-four mac strains (71.1%) reacted with m. avium-probe and 22 strains (28.9%) reacted with m. intracellulare-probe. 2) there were no significant differences between the ratio of two strains before and after 1991. 3) the ratio of female cases with ... | 1994 | 7844935 |
| rifabutin: a review with emphasis on its role in the prevention of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | to discuss the mechanism of action, in vitro and in vivo activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines of rifabutin. | 1994 | 7849340 |
| potential role of cytokines in disseminated mycobacterial infections. | organisms belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are common pathogens in immunosuppressed and aids patients. this paper reviews the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of mac infection. mac organisms mainly infect monocytes and macrophages, and the effect of hiv infection on susceptibility of macrophages to mac infection is largely unknown. both gm-csf and tumour necrosis factor-alpha can induce mycobacteriostatic/mycobactericidal activity in mac-infected macrophages. the activity ... | 1994 | 7875149 |
| [treatment and prevention of mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids]. | since mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infects most, if not all, hiv-positive patients, effective regimens for its treatment and prophylaxis are a necessity. we review here the available literature in an attempt to establish clear-cut criteria for the administration of antibiotics and immunotherapy and for the prophylactic treatment of mac infections. several antibiotics, chiefly in combination regimens, are active against mac. recent data indicate rifabutin as a first-line antibiotic for the t ... | 1994 | 7893576 |
| mycobacterium avium complex in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract and the risk of m. avium complex bacteremia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is frequently isolated from the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract of patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. whether they are at increased risk of mac bacteremia and whether culture of respiratory tract or stool specimens is useful for predicting bacteremia are unclear. hiv-infected patients with < or = 50 cd4+ cells/microl were prospectively studied. the risk of mac bacteremia was approximately 60% within 1 year for patients wit ... | 1994 | 7906290 |
| [the stakes in preventing opportunistic mai infections in aids. from an interview with dr. patrick philibert]. | development of hiv infection is littered with many pathological episodes of which the physical and psychological repercussions on the patient are full of consequences. in this context, full co-operation between the hospital services and general practitioners is fundamental, from the moment of the announcement of seropositivity, to place under anti-retroviral treatment and to follow the pathological events. opportunistic infections that threaten the life of the patient are severe because of the f ... | 1994 | 7913323 |
| environmental risk factors for acquisition of mycobacterium avium complex in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a case-control study was done to determine risk factors for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) with < 50 cd4+ cells/mm3. in univariate analysis, cases (n = 83) had lower cd4+ cell counts than controls (n = 177) (median, 10 vs. 17/mm3; p < .001) and were more likely to have consumed hard cheese (odds ratio [or], 5.44; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.61-18.4) but were less likely to have taken daily showers (or, 0.55; 95% ci, 0.33- ... | 1994 | 7913481 |
| the impact of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia and its treatment on survival of aids patients--a prospective study. | it is currently recommended that patients with aids and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia receive antimycobacterial treatment. however, no study has prospectively evaluated the impact of this infection and its treatment on survival. this study prospectively followed a cohort of 367 aids patients with < or = 50 cd4+ cells/microl and found that mac bacteremia was independently associated with an increased risk of death (relative hazard [rh] = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [ci] = 1.3-2.4, ... | 1994 | 7915749 |
| in vitro and in vivo synergistic effect of isoniazid with streptomycin and clofazimine against mycobacterium avium complex (mac). | isoniazid (inh), the powerful antituberculosis drug, has also been used in regimens for treating disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac), an important opportunistic pathogen encountered in aids patients. its use for treatment of mac disease has also been endorsed by the american thoracic society. however some controversy has emerged recently in medical literature, discounting its role and even implying that its use is contraindicated in chemotherapy of mac disease. | 1994 | 7919314 |
| recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) activate human alveolar macrophages to inhibit growth of mycobacterium avium complex. | we investigated the effects of certain macrophage-active cytokines on the phagocytosis and growth inhibition of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) by human alveolar macrophages (am). we also evaluated the effects of pretreatment with each cytokine on the superoxide anion release (o2-) from am. the cytokines that we used were recombinant gm-csf, natural type tnf-alpha, recombinant interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), and recombinant il-2. we found that phagocytosis by the various cytokine-stimulated am w ... | 1994 | 7923877 |
| polyclonal infections due to mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of sequential clinical isolates. | invasive infection with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is common among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. in previous studies, we analyzed multiple individual colonies of mac isolated from specimens obtained at the same time and observed that 14 to 20% of patients are simultaneously infected with more than one strain. in this study, we examined sequential isolates from 12 patients with aids who had two or more mac isolates available from clinical s ... | 1994 | 7929773 |
| antibodies to 68, 52, and 48 kd proteins of mycobacterium avium in serum samples from patients with mycobacterium avium infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is responsible for the highest incidence of disseminated bacterial infection in patients with aids. disease caused by this organism was originally thought to be rare in nonimmunocompromised individuals, but it is now being encountered more frequently. relatively little is known about the components that play a role in the immunopathology of infection caused by mac. to identify the immunoreactive antigens of this organism that are important targets of the humoral ... | 1994 | 7930878 |
| identification of mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare isolated in puerto rico from clinical samples by the use of a non-radioactive dna probe. | the mycobacterium avium complex (mac), especially m. avium, is an important opportunistic pathogen of aids patients in the united states. in puerto rico, the incidence of infections caused by mac has not been determined. this is due, in part, to the difficulties associated to the microbiological identification of the microorganisms. in this work, a commercially available kit (accuprobe, gen-probe, inc., san diego, ca) utilizing a dna probe complementary to rrna of m. avium and m. intracellulare ... | 1994 | 7938399 |
| dual skin testing with mycobacterium avium sensitin and purified protein derivative: an open study of patients with m. avium complex infection or tuberculosis. | the sensitivity and specificity of dual mycobacterial skin testing were assessed in an unblinded study of 22 patients with culture-confirmed mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection and 20 patients with culture-confirmed mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. intradermal skin tests were performed with 0.1 ml of m. avium sensitin, 0.1 ml of ppd (purified protein derivative), and two control antigens (mumps and candida). all patients with m. tuberculosis infection reacted to the skin tests; the ... | 1994 | 7948519 |
| efficacy of rifabutin in the treatment of disseminated infection due to mycobacterium avium complex. the rifabutin treatment group. | the incidence of infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is increasing among patients with aids. although numerous antimicrobial regimens have been proposed as treatment for this infection, it is unclear which therapy is most effective. for this reason, we prospectively evaluated rifabutin (600 mg/d) vs. a placebo, each in combination with clofazimine and ethambutol, for the treatment of mac bacteremia. patients in the rifabutin group had a significantly higher rate of microbiological r ... | 1994 | 7948562 |
| concurrent use of foscarnet and ciprofloxacin may increase the propensity for seizures. | to report a possible interaction between foscarnet and ciprofloxacin in two patients with aids, cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis, and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection and to review the available literature related to foscarnet-associated seizures. | 1994 | 7949502 |
| characterization of the virulence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates in mice. | the virulence of different isolates of mac was studied in naturally susceptible balb/c mice. in preliminary experiments, mac bacteria forming smooth transparent colonies on solid media (smt variants) were found to be virulent for balb/c mice, causing progressive infection; smooth opaque (smop) were generally avirulent, being slowly eliminated from the infected organs; and rough (rg) variants were either avirulent or as virulent as smt variants. we chose to compare the virulence of different isol ... | 1994 | 7955524 |
| comparative activities of azithromycin and clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium infection in beige mice. | the comparative activities of azithromycin (azi) and clarithromycin (cla) against eight mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates were evaluated in the beige mouse model of disseminated infection. mice were infected intravenously with approximately 10(7) viable mac isolate. azi at 100 or 200 mg/kg of body weight or cla at 200 mg/kg of body weight was given by gavage daily for 10 days starting at 7 days postinfection. in each study, groups of treated mice were compared with untreated control ani ... | 1994 | 7979270 |
| control of the body burden of m. avium complex is associated with improved quality of life and prolonged survival of patients with aids: a prospective trial with rifabutin combined with isoniazid, clofazimine, ethambutol. | the objectives of this study were to assess whether culture conversion affects quality of life (qol), survival and mycobacterium avium complex (mac)-associated morbidity in patients with aids. data from an open, multicenter, noncomparative trial were analyzed to test the benefit of suppressing mycobacteria: measures of qol, clinical outcomes and quality-adjusted survival are compared on occasion of culture-negative and positive assessments. the study was conducted at aids clinics in france, coor ... | 1994 | 7983502 |
| activities of the benzoxazinorifamycin krm 1648 and ethambutol against mycobacterium avium complex in vitro and in macrophages. | krm 1648 is a 4-aminobenzoxazine derivative of rifamycin s with potent in vitro activity against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac); the mic for 90% of 24 mac isolates from aids patients was 0.25 microgram/ml as determined by a radiometric broth macrodilution assay. krm 1648 was bactericidal for mac isolates in middlebrook 7h9 broth, with a reduction in viability of 1 to 4 orders of magnitude over 72 h. in human macrophages, krm 1648 also was bactericidal, with a reduction of 3 to 4 orders of ... | 1994 | 7986017 |
| activity of krm 1648 alone or in combination with ethambutol or clarithromycin against mycobacterium avium in beige mouse model of disseminated infection. | rifamycins are active against slowly growing mycobacteria, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium kansasii, but the majority of rifamycins thus far investigated both in vitro and in vivo are inactive or have only modest activity against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). we investigated the activity of three doses of the semisynthetic benzoxazinorifamycin krm 1648, alone or in combination with ethambutol or clarithromycin, in beige mice challenged with the mac strain 101. our r ... | 1994 | 7986018 |
| autopsy findings in aids patients with mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia. | to study the pathogenesis of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia, the extent of organ involvement was determined in a retrospective cohort of 44 aids patients with mac bacteremia and complete autopsies between 1988 and 1992. clinical and microbiologic histories were reviewed and lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, small intestine, and colon from each autopsy were systematically evaluated for the presence of mycobacteria or foamy histiocytes. of the patients, 30% had no histologic e ... | 1994 | 7996004 |
| subtyping of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates by thin-layer chromatography--distribution of subtypes from patients with aids compared with clinically non-significant isolates. | thin-layer chromatography (tlc) was compared with seroagglutination for subtyping of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteria. seventy-five significant mac isolates from patients with aids were typed by both methods and 36 isolates, judged to be clinically non-significant, were examined by tlc only. overall, 75% of isolates tested were typable by seroagglutination and 91% by tlc; the results correlated between the two except for minor discrepancies. serovars 1, 8 and 21 and mixed serovars 1-21 ... | 1994 | 8005220 |
| [a new prophylactic agent in aids: ansatipine. disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection is now the most frequent of the opportunistic bacterial infections in aids]. | otherwise infrequent, infections by non-tuberculous or atypical mycobacteria are now rising in aids. infection with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is now the most frequent opportunistic bacterial infection, because of better detection of hiv positive patients. the incidence, which is probably underestimated, is now 14-33% in france. the mycobacterium avium complex is responsible for 96% of infections by atypical mycobacteria in aids patients. diagnosis of infection by mac is bacteriologic ... | 1994 | 8031459 |
| [ansatipine: only preventive treatment available for opportunistic mai infections in aids. from an interview with dr. agnes mignon]. | ansatipine, the international name of which is rifabutine, is a new specialty that was licensed in february 1993 and marketed in france in june 1993. it is an antibiotic of the rifamycin family, the result of research by farmitalia carlo erba and is now presented by the laboratoire pharmacia. today, rifabutine is the only molecule in the world that has been shown to be efficacious in preventative treatment for infections by the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and to be officially recognised as ... | 1994 | 8031460 |
| [prevention of mai infections in aids with ansatipine: experience at a hospital. from an interview with dr. jean-luc meynard]. | nowadays, infections by the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) have become amongst the most frequent of the opportunistic bacterial infections in aids, following the introduction of prophylaxis to pneumocystosis and toxoplasmosis. mac infections are recognised as a serious pathology that quickly causes hidden conditions then death of the patient after a short time and so there is need for an effective prophylaxis. in this context, rifabutine (ansatipine) fills the therapeutic gap and is needed by ... | 1994 | 8031462 |
| rapid assessment of mycobacterial growth inside macrophages and mice, using the radiometric (bactec) method. | conventional methods of determining the growth and drug susceptibility of mycobacteria either in macrophages or in vivo are time consuming and laborious. | 1994 | 8032045 |
| transient bacteremia due to mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids. | it is generally assumed that mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia, once it develops, is unremitting. on the basis of this presumption, changes in the level of mycobacteremia are used to gauge therapeutic response. in 7 (12%) of 60 patients enrolled in a prospective trial of mac bacteremia and aids, bacteremia became undetectable before the initiation of antimycobacterial therapy. patients with transient bacteremia reported fewer and shorter symptoms and survived longer than those with su ... | 1994 | 8035044 |
| comparison of virulence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from aids and non-aids patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains from aids and non-aids patients and from the environment were studied for their colony morphology and virulence in beige mice. the majority of the mac isolates from aids patients, in contrast to those from non-aids patients and the environment, showed increased virulence. similarly, the majority of the mac isolates from aids patients formed smooth transparent (st) colonies, whereas most of the non-aids isolates formed smooth opaque (so) or intermediate ( ... | 1994 | 8047000 |
| the changing spectrum of aids index diseases in canada. | to describe the changing spectrum of aids index diseases in canada over a 10-year period from 1981 to 1991. | 1994 | 8060550 |
| rifabutin and sparfloxacin but not azithromycin inhibit binding of mycobacterium avium complex to ht-29 intestinal mucosal cells. | organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) cause disseminated disease in patients with aids, and evidence points to the gastrointestinal tract as the major route of infection. since mac can bind to and invade intestinal mucosal cells, we examined whether subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics which have anti-mac activity in vitro affect the interaction between mac and ht-29 intestinal mucosal cells. mac isolates were exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of rifabutin (mic, 2.6 mic ... | 1994 | 8067766 |
| hypopyon uveitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated for systemic mycobacterium avium complex infection with rifabutin. | iridocyclitis has been identified as a dosage-dependent side effect in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who are treated for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection with systemic rifabutin. we reviewed cases of acute hypopyon uveitis occurring in patients with aids to establish whether there was an association. | 1994 | 8085960 |
| impaired erythropoiesis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex. | anemia is an important negative predictor for survival with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we analyzed the differences in aids patients with and without mac infection with regard to anemia, severity of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, bone marrow morphology, and bone marrow erythroid progenitor colony growth (bfu-e and cfu-e). in addition, we determined the in vitro effect of sera obtained from these patient ... | 1993 | 8093587 |
| molecular phylogeny of the mycobacterium avium complex demonstrates clinically meaningful divisions. | phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence data is widely used for viral epidemiology. to explore its use in bacterial strain differentiation, the variable 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) in 24 clinical isolates originally identified as mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was sequenced. three isolates had an identical sequence that differed greatly from the rest. they belonged to the recently described mycobacterium celatum. the 21 mac clinical isolates gave 6 its sequences, each ... | 1994 | 8106762 |
| [surgical treatment of mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with chronic empyema]. | atypical mycobacterial infection mostly develops in the lung and its occurrence outside of the lung is very rare. we report a case of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection found with chronic empyema piercing out of the thoracic wall, to which surgical treatment was very successful. a 72-year old male had been treated for an abscess of right thoracic wall. mac was isolated from thoracic effusion. thoracic window and pan-pleuro-pneumonectomy was performed. no recurrence of mac infection was ... | 1994 | 8121383 |
| [nontuberculous mycobacteriosis (ntm) in japan--epidemiologic and clinical study]. | the epidemiologic study for ntm was conducted among 211 national, provincial and private sanatoriums in japan. the case cards of patients with ntm disease from 97 hospitals were collected by questionary method. the total number of ntm patients newly admitted in these hospitals were 2,873 in 7 years from 1985 to 1991, and the culture positive tuberculosis patients were 22,836 cases in the same period. the number of ntm patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and with mycobacterium kansasi ... | 1994 | 8126988 |
| papulonecrotic tuberculid secondary to disseminated mycobacterium avium complex. | papulonecrotic tuberculid is a rarely reported cutaneous reaction to the mycobacterium bacillus. it is most often encountered in association with tuberculosis. the clinical and histologic picture of the entity is a distinctive one, but the etiology of the disease process is uncertain. therapy directed against the causative organism is dramatically successful. | 1994 | 8157390 |
| recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor enhances the effects of antibiotics against mycobacterium avium complex infection in the beige mouse model. | previous studies have shown that recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) stimulates human and murine macrophages to inhibit growth and kill intracellularly. this study shows the effect of gm-csf on mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in vivo using a c57bl/6 beige mouse model of disseminated mac infection. furthermore, it examined the activity of the combination of gm-csf and amikacin or azithromycin, two antimicrobials active against mac, on the survival of ... | 1994 | 8158029 |
| acute hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia: a new presentation of disseminated mycobacterial infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we describe 2 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with acute or subacute splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia secondary to disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the patients were treated for immune thrombocytopenic purpura without success. thrombocytopenia may be a prominent feature of mac. our experience suggests that disseminated mac may present with acute splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia in these patients and that a high index of suspicion for disseminated t ... | 1994 | 8171933 |
| orally administered clarithromycin for the treatment of systemic mycobacterium avium complex infection in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | to determine the safety, tolerance, pharmacokinetics, and antimycobacterial activity of orally administered clarithromycin in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. | 1994 | 8176574 |
| bioavailability and chemotherapeutic activity of clofazimine against mycobacterium avium complex infections in beige mice following a single implant of a biodegradable polymer. | we have studied the bioavailability of clofazimine following administration of a single dose of the drug in the biodegradable polymer polylactic-co-glycolic acid (plga). we compared the levels of clofazimine achieved in the liver with single implants with those obtained with daily oral treatment. even though the levels achieved with implants were much lower than those obtained after daily oral treatment, they were higher than the mic of clofazimine for mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium tubercu ... | 1994 | 8182008 |
| activity of subinhibitory concentrations of dapsone alone and in combination with cell-wall inhibitors against mycobacterium avium complex organisms. | mics of dapsone (p-p'-diaminodiphenylsulfone) were determined radiometrically for ten strains each of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and mycobacterium tuberculosis. mics ranged from 50 to 250 micrograms/ml for mycobacterium tuberculosis and from 2 to 100 micrograms/ml for mac. however, at a concentration as low as 1.5 micrograms/ml dapsone significantly inhibited growth of mac bacteria when used in combination with other drugs specifically acting at the mycobacterial cell-wall level. the ... | 1993 | 8187794 |
| comparative in vivo activities of rifabutin and rifapentine against mycobacterium avium complex. | the dose-response activity of rifabutin and the comparative activities of rifabutin and rifapentine were evaluated in the beige mouse model of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. in the dose-response study, mice were infected intravenously with approximately 10(7) viable m. avium atcc 49601. treatment with rifabutin at 10, 20, or 40 mg/kg of body weight was started 7 days postinfection and was administered daily for 10 days. the mice were sacrificed 3 to 5 days after the la ... | 1994 | 8192449 |
| disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids: epidemiology and clinical syndrome. | infection due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most common opportunistic disease of bacterial origin among patients with aids in the united states. the incidence of disseminated disease due to mac (dmac) has risen dramatically in recent years. the risk of developing dmac increases as the cd4+ lymphocyte count declines to < 100/mm3. preliminary analyses of several studies suggest that gender, racial or ethnic group, and individual risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infec ... | 1994 | 8204773 |
| prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia in patients with aids. | prevention of opportunistic infections is an integral part of caring for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. mycobacterium avium complex (mac) bacteremia can cause severe morbidity and excess mortality among these patients. controlled trials of rifabutin for the prophylaxis of mac bacteremia have been completed. rifabutin reduced the incidence of mac bacteremia by approximately one-half and, when disseminated disease due to mac (dmac) did develop, reduced the frequency of associ ... | 1994 | 8204774 |
| assessment of new therapies for infection due to the mycobacterium avium complex: appropriate use of in vitro and in vivo testing. | laboratory testing is a prerequisite to predictions about the potential value of human clinical trials--the gold standard for the assessment of new therapies for infection with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). these laboratory assessments must be made in the proper sequence, with appropriate models and methodology used to obtain data valid in determining whether clinical trials are warranted. in vitro testing permits measurements of minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration ... | 1994 | 8204775 |
| treatment of disseminated disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex in patients with aids. | perhaps the most important recent advance in the field of infections due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the identification and development of more effective agents for the treatment and prevention of disseminated disease. these agents include clarithromycin, azithromycin, rifabutin and other rifamycins, ethambutol, clofazimine, fluoroquinolones, amikacin, and liposome-encapsulated gentamicin. most clinicians currently use multidrug therapy to maximize efficacy and to minimize the em ... | 1994 | 8204776 |
| [retrospective study of mycobacterium avium complex infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | we discuss here our experience with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in 446 hiv-positive patients. mac was found in 13 cases (2.9%): 10 males, 3 females, age range 21-47 years. infection was disseminated in 10 cases and limited to the lung in 3. cd4+ cells were, on average, 48 per microliters. at clinical onset, all patients suffered from fever and weight loss, 10 from anemia, and 5 from diarrhea. mac was found in its disseminated form in cultures of blood (10 patients), stool (5 pati ... | 1993 | 8217480 |
| interleukin-6 production during chronic experimental infection. | the appearance of interleukin-6 (il-6) in serum of mice was monitored during the course of chronic infection with either brucella abortus vaccine strain 19 or a virulent mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolate. serum il-6 during brucella infection was higher than during infection with mac, despite similar numbers of bacteria. furthermore, il-6 titres decreased after the peak of infection, falling to baseline levels before these chronic infections were eradicated. the ability of peritoneal cell ... | 1993 | 8225396 |
| monoarthritis caused by mycobacterium avium complex in a liver transplant recipient. | a 38-yr-old liver transplant recipient presented with a monoarthritis caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac). diagnosis was not obtained with repeated microscopy and culture of sf aspirate, and required synovial biopsy. | 1993 | 8252322 |
| superoxide dismutase activity of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from aids patients. | to explore whether mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from aids patients produce and secrete superoxide dismutase (sod). | 1993 | 8260663 |
| [two cases of m. avium complex infection presenting as solitary pulmonary nodule]. | case 1 was a 75-year-old woman. her chest x-ray showed a 3 cm solitary nodule in the right s4, and biopsy obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed epithelioid cell granuloma. four weeks later, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was detected on culture of the bronchial lavage fluid. she was treated with inh, rfp and eb for 12 months and recovered with no relapse. case 2 was a 75-year-old man with mild diabetes mellitus and hypertension. chest x-ray showed a 4 cm solitary nodule in the right s9 ... | 1993 | 8271667 |
| mycobacterial diseases and the compromised host. | tuberculosis due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria should be considered in the diagnostic approach to febrile immunocompromised patients. in patients with aids, organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are the most common bacterial causes of disseminated infection. effective means of both treating and preventing disseminated mac infections have been developed that use regimens including the new macrolides, aminoglycosides, and rifamycins. antimicrobial agents active ... | 1993 | 8274609 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from water in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya. | disseminated infection with organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a common complication of aids in the united states and other developing countries, but it is rare or absent in sub-saharan africa. to assess the comparative likelihood of exposure to mac in these geographic areas, we used a standard protocol to culture 91 water samples from environmental sites and piped water supply systems in the united states, finland, zaire, and kenya. mac was isolated from all geographic areas ... | 1993 | 8308115 |
| identification of mycobacterium avium complex strains belonging to serovars 21-28 by three commercial dna probe tests. | various reference strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) belonging to serovars 21-28 were identified by three dna probe tests, i.e., gen-probe, accuprobe and snap tests. all of these dna probe tests were in agreement for strains identified as m. avium or m. intracellulare. the tested serovar strains involved m. avium, m. intracellulare, mac reactive only with probe x of snap test ('probe x-reactive mac'), m. scrofulaceum reactive with probe x of snap test ('probe x-reactive m. scrofulaceum ... | 1993 | 8324213 |
| [activity of defensins from human neutrophils against mycobacterium avium complex]. | we examined the activity of defensins from human neutrophils against mycobacterium avium complex (mac). mac were cultured in the presence of defensins at 37 degrees c for 4-48 hours. after incubation, colony counts were enumerated by colony-forming units (cfu). human neutrophil peptide-1 (hnp-1) at 5 micrograms/ml had the ability to kill mac. we tested 8 strains of mac. hnp-1 was successful in killing every strain, although the degree of killing varied from strain to strain. we also found that h ... | 1993 | 8331844 |
| reproducibility of lysis-centrifugation cultures for quantification of mycobacterium avium complex bacteremia. | while quantitative mycobacterial blood cultures have been accepted as the standard for evaluating response to various mycobacterium avium complex (mac) treatment regimens, variability in this methodology has not been evaluated in a rigorous fashion. we thus studied the reproducibility of quantitative mac cultures by a lysis-centrifugation culture system within and among five institutions. to measure the intralaboratory variation in mycobacterial colony counts, colony counts from duplicate blood ... | 1993 | 8349755 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection and aids: advances in theory and practice. | the role of disseminated infection with the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in the natural history of aids has been controversial. it is now clear that this complication of immunosuppression induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) has a major impact upon the quality of life and duration of survival of patients with advanced hiv-1 infection. progress has been made in our understanding of the bacteriology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of mac infection. drs. constance be ... | 1993 | 8353249 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium complex from bone marrow aspirates of aids patients in brazil. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has not been reported as a major opportunistic infection among patients with aids in latin america or africa. in this study, 125 aids patients who had persistent fever, anemia, and leukopenia were examined among 2628 aids patients admitted to instituto de infectologia emilio ribas between may 1990 and april 1992. from the bone marrow aspirates of the 125 patients, mac was isolated from 23 (18.4%) and mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from 9 (7.2% ... | 1993 | 8354922 |
| the mycobacterium avium complex. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease emerged early in the epidemic of aids as one of the common opportunistic infections afflicting human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. however, only over the past few years has a consensus developed about its significance to the morbidity and mortality of aids. m. avium was well known to mycobacteriologists decades before aids, and the mac was known to cause disease, albeit uncommon, in humans and animals. the early interest in the mac provided a ... | 1993 | 8358707 |
| controversies in the management of mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids patients. | to update readers on the clinical management of infections secondary to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in patients with aids. a general description of the organism, culture and susceptibility testing, and clinical manifestations of the disease is provided. several aspects of the treatment of the disease, including an historical perspective, current approaches, and future research opportunities, are described. | 1993 | 8364280 |
| a prospective evaluation of mycobacterium avium complex colonization of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts of persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | to describe the natural history of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, 67 hiv-infected patients with cd4+ cell counts < 200/mm3 and initial negative mac blood cultures were followed prospectively. patients were screened every 3 months with cultures and smears of sputum, rectal swab, and blood for mycobacteria. fourteen patients (20.9%) developed positive blood cultures for mac (23.4%/year). s ... | 1993 | 8376818 |
| exposure to ethanol up-regulates the expression of mycobacterium avium complex proteins associated with bacterial virulence. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms are the most common bacterial cause of disseminated infection in patients with aids. mac, facultative intracellular bacteria, invade and multiply within macrophages. treatment of mac-infected macrophages with ethanol (10-100 micrograms/dl) is associated with increased intracellular multiplication of mac. to investigate whether this enhanced growth is due to a stress-related response induced by nonlethal concentrations of ethanol, strain 101 (serovar 1) ... | 1993 | 8376842 |
| efficacy of triple drug regimen of amikacin, ethambutol and rifabutin in aids patients with symptomatic mycobacterium avium complex infection. | treatment with ethambutol 15 mg/kg, rifabutin 6 mg/kg and amikacin 15 mg/kg (iv for 2-4 weeks) in 31 hiv infected patients with severe immunodeficiency and infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was evaluated in a retrospective study. the patients had one or more of the following clinical features: fever 31, weight loss 13, cough 10, pleurisy i, pericarditis 2, diarrhoea 12, peritonitis i. mac was cultured from blood in 29, bone marrow in six, sputum in nine, faeces in 15, bowel b ... | 1993 | 8384230 |
| azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine for treatment and prophylaxis of mycobacterium avium complex in rats treated with cyclosporine. | azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine were used to treat or prevent disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections produced in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. animals with bacteremic infections were treated 1 week after intravenous inoculation with 10(7) cfu of mac with azithromycin, 100 mg/kg of body weight administered subcutaneously for 5 days and then 75 mg/kg on monday, wednesday, and friday, or with rifabutin or rifapentine, 20 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally on ... | 1993 | 8384809 |
| resistance to nitric oxide in mycobacterium avium complex and its implication in pathogenesis. | susceptibility of three different strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), i.e., one strain of m. avium (mino) and two strains of m. intracellulare (31f093t and kums 9007), to nitric oxide (no) generated by rat alveolar macrophages (m phi) or no generated chemically by acidification of no2- was examined in vitro. we also investigated the effects of no on phagocytosis and superoxide anion (o2-) generation by m phi. the intracellular growth of m. avium mino was significantly suppressed by no ... | 1993 | 8386705 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of benzoxazinorifamycin, krm-1648, against mycobacterium avium complex, determined by the radiometric method. | mics of a newly developed benzoxazinorifamycin derivative, krm-1648, for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were determined by the bactec 460 tb system and compared with those of other known antimicrobial agents. the radiometric method gave a fast, accurate, and reproducible mic for each antimicrobial agent. mics of krm-1648 for 30 strains of mac (10 strains each of m. avium isolated from aids and non-aids patients and of mycobacterium intracellulare isolated from non-aids patients) were measured ... | 1993 | 8431020 |
| comparison of four decontamination methods for recovery of mycobacterium avium complex from stools. | the presence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in stool specimens may be a predictor of disseminated mac infection, yet the methods for decontaminating stools have not been evaluated for their usefulness in recovering mac organisms. in the present study, four decontamination methods commonly used to recover acid-fast bacteria from respiratory specimens were compared for their utility in recovering mac from stool specimens. ten strains of mac were used at a level of 10(4) to 10(6) cfu to seed ... | 1993 | 8432816 |
| [clinical features of the patients with "primary infection" of mycobacterium avium complex]. | clinical characteristics are analysed in patients with primary infection of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). the definition of primary infection of mac are determined as follows; 1) mac is found several times since the beginning of the disease, 2) clinical symptoms or abnormal shadows on chest roentgenogram corresponding to mac infection, 3) no old tuberculous lesions nor other abnormal shadows like bronchectasis, 4) no abnormal serological results suggesting other bacterial or viral infection ... | 1993 | 8437425 |
| [clinical features of the patients with "secondary infection" of mycobacterium avium complex--radiographic pattern of progressions in the patients with and without underlying pulmonary conditions]. | we reviewed the radiographic features of 42 patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. six cases were definite "primary", 20 were "secondary", and 15 were indeterminate (probably "primary"). in the definite and probable "primary" cases, and some of the "secondary" cases, pulmonary lesions slowly progressed following a common and characteristic sequence from a cluster of small nodules or fibro-productive nodules to those with subpleural thickening, or with thickening of the draini ... | 1993 | 8437426 |
| [immunological aspects of mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | tuberculin anergy is common in patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. we examined in vitro cell-mediated immunity in these patients with mac infection. peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients, as compared with those of tuberculous patients or tuberculin-positive healthy donors, showed depressed in vitro blastogenic responses to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (ppd), not only to ppds of mycobacterium tuberculosis but also to ppd-b and ppd-y of m. intracellulare and ... | 1993 | 8437428 |
| [aids and mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | infections with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are the next most common complication in aids patients, and disseminated mac infection is considered as an indicator disease of aids. bacteriological and clinical features of mac infection complicated with aids were reviewed. the number of aids patients in japan has been increasing in a similar rate as in usa and africa, so the members of japanese society for tuberculosis should be ready for medical care of aids patients complicated with mycobact ... | 1993 | 8437429 |
| comparative use of dna probes for mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium intracellulare and serotyping for identification and characterization of animal isolates of the m. avium complex. | commercially available dna probes for the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were compared with conventional identification and serotyping of animal isolates of mac. dna hybridization of 44 strains of mycobacteria showed a test specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 100%. hybridization of 12 serotype strains showed that serotypes 1-6 and 8-11 hybridized with the m. avium probe and serotypes 7 and 14 hybridized with the m. intracellulare probe. all of the 42 bovine and porcine isolates of mac cons ... | 1993 | 8447082 |
| synthesis and biological activity of 3'-hydroxy-5'-aminobenzoxazinorifamycin derivatives. | as a part of our studies on the syntheses of benzoxazinorifamycin derivatives, 3'-hydroxy-5'-aminobenzoxazinorifamycin derivatives were synthesized, and tested for their antimicrobial activities. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were almost identical to those of rifampicin (rfp) and rifabutain (rfb), however, antimicrobial activities against mycobacterium tuberculosis were superior to rfp, while being similar to rfb. 3'-hydroxy-5'-( ... | 1993 | 8448815 |
| [behaviour of gamma delta tcr+ t cells during the course of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections and proliferative response of host lymphocytes to 65kd heat shock protein]. | in order to know the possibility that gamma delta tcr+ t cells induced by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections participate in the expression of host resistance and in the occurrence of behçet disease, we examined the behaviour of them in mac-infected host mice. in both balb/c (bcgs; mac-susceptible) and cba/jn (bcgr; mac-resistant) strain mice, a transient but appreciable increase in the number of gamma delta tcr+ t cells in the host peritoneal lymphocytes was noted around week 1 to 2 af ... | 1993 | 8479112 |
| conventional identification characteristics, mycolate and fatty acid composition, and clinical significance of maix accuprobe-positive isolates of mycobacterium avium complex. | a total of 145 isolates belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) were tested with commercial acridinium ester-labeled dna probes (accuprobe, gen-probe). m. avium and m. intracellulare probes reacted with 102 and 36 isolates, respectively. the remaining seven isolates were clearly positive with the new probe, designated maix. thus, the combined sensitivity of m. avium and m. intracellulare probes was 95.2%. the maix probe improved the sensitivity up to 100%. the maix probe also reacted ... | 1993 | 8501247 |
| clofazimine as prophylaxis for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in aids. | a randomized, prospective, open-label, treatment versus no treatment community-based clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of clofazimine as prophylaxis for disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) disease. subjects were 110 patients with a first episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia 2-4 months before enrollment or cd4 lymphocyte counts < or = 100/mm3; they were randomized to receive 50 mg of clofa ... | 1993 | 8501340 |
| a cutaneous lesion in a patient with aids: an unusual presentation of infection due to mycobacterium avium complex. | a patient with aids developed a purplish, necrotic skin lesion followed by fevers, constitutional symptoms, and watery diarrhea. stains of samples from the skin lesion and of stool and bone marrow revealed acid-fast bacilli, and mycobacterium avium was isolated from cultures of these specimens and blood. with the initiation of multiagent oral antimycobacterial therapy, the patient's symptoms abated and the cutaneous lesion reepithelialized. we believe this lesion to be a manifestation of dissemi ... | 1993 | 8513064 |
| randomized, placebo-controlled trial of rifampin, ethambutol, and ciprofloxacin for aids patients with disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection. | patients with aids and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection received rifampin (600 mg) plus ethambutol (25 mg/kg) plus ciprofloxacin (750 mg) or matching placebos daily for 8 weeks. patients were monitored every 2 weeks clinically and by quantitating mac colony-forming units (cfu) per milliliter of blood. analysis of baseline characteristics revealed no significant differences between groups. after 8 weeks, mac cfu had decreased by > or = 1 log/ml in 4 of 9 treated patients v ... | 1993 | 8515098 |