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asymmetric consequences of host plant occupation on the competition between the whiteflies bemisia tabaci cryptic species meam1 and trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).the two common whitefly species, bemisia tabaci (gennadius) meam1 and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood), often co-occur on their host plants. the effect of host plant occupation by one species on later-arriving conspecific individuals or on the other competing species was examined.201424343857
epidemiology and genetic diversity of criniviruses associated with tomato yellows disease in greece.tomato chlorosis virus (tocv) and tomato infectious chlorosis virus (ticv) are two whitefly transmitted viruses which are classified in the genus crinivirus of the family closteroviridae. both induce similar yellowing symptoms in tomato and are responsible for severe economic losses. tocv is transmitted by bemisia tabaci gennadious, trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood and trialeurodes abutilonea haldeman, whereas ticv is transmitted only by t. vaporariorum. an extensive study was conducted during ...201424370865
genetic variation of the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), among populations from serbia and neighbouring countries, as inferred from coi sequence variability.the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood, 1856 (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is an invasive and highly polyphagous phloem-feeding pest of vegetables and ornamentals. trialeurodes vaporariorum causes serious damage due to direct feeding and transmits several important plant viruses. excessive use of insecticides has resulted in significantly reduced levels of susceptibility of various t. vaporariorum populations. to determine the genetic variability within and among populations of t. ...201424661625
an evaluation of three predatory mite species for the control of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum).within integrated pest control programmes, the use of high mite inoculations to control hot spots of whitefly is desirable for many growers. in this experiment, two species of predatory mites established as commercial biological control agents, typhlodromips montdorensis and amblyseius swirskii (acari: phytoseiidae), were compared with another, more recently introduced species, amblydromalus limonicus, for their ability to control dense populations of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporarior ...201424706366
variation in mortality among populations is higher for pymetrozine than for imidacloprid and spiromesifen in trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses in finland.insecticide resistance in trialeurodes vaporariorum w. is unknown in the species' northern distribution range where it inhabits mainly commercial greenhouses. resistance development in whiteflies feeding on year-round crops in greenhouses is possible owing to the use of chemical treatments to back up biocontrol. the authors tested the response levels to spiromesifen, pymetrozine and imidacloprid in whiteflies collected from seven greenhouses within a 35 km radius in western finland.201424757031
population structure of the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood), an invasive species from the americas, 60 years after invading china.though the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) was introduced into china more than 60 years ago, the genetic diversity and structure of this exotic insect pest and virus vector have not been studied. to investigate the population genetic characteristics of this invasive species and to identify potential invasion routes, the genetic diversity and population structure of 17 collections of t. vaporariorum from nine provinces in china were analyzed usin ...201425093716
diversity and localization of bacterial endosymbionts from whitefly species collected in brazil.whiteflies (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) are sap-sucking insect pests, and some cause serious damage in agricultural crops by direct feeding and by transmitting plant viruses. whiteflies maintain close associations with bacterial endosymbionts that can significantly influence their biology. all whitefly species harbor a primary endosymbiont, and a diverse array of secondary endosymbionts. in this study, we surveyed 34 whitefly populations collected from the states of sao paulo, bahia, minas gerais an ...201425259930
agroecosystems shape population genetic structure of the greenhouse whitefly in northern and southern europe.to predict further invasions of pests it is important to understand what factors contribute to the genetic structure of their populations. cosmopolitan pest species are ideal for studying how different agroecosystems affect population genetic structure within a species at different climatic extremes. we undertook the first population genetic study of the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum), a cosmopolitan invasive herbivore, and examined the genetic structure of this species in north ...201425266268
low levels of mitochondrial dna and symbiont diversity in the worldwide agricultural pest, the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).trialeurodes vaporariorum, the greenhouse whitefly, is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. little is known about the genetic diversity of t. vaporariorum and the bacterial symbionts associated with this species. here, we undertook a large phylogeographic study by investigating both the mitochondrial (mt) diversity and the infection status of 38 t. vaporariorum collections from 18 countries around the world. genetic diversity of t. vaporariorum was studied by analyzing sequence data from the mt cyt ...201425297658
effects of rearing host species on the host-feeding capacity and parasitism of the whitefly parasitoid encarsia formosa.parasitoids of the encarsia genus (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) are important biological control agents against whiteflies. some of the species in this genus not only parasitize their hosts, but also kill them through host feeding. the whitefly parasitoid, encarsia formosa gahan, was examined to determine whether the rearing host species affects its subsequent host-feeding capacity and parasitism. e. formosa wasps were reared on trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and bemi ...201425368062
amblyseius swirskii: what made this predatory mite such a successful biocontrol agent?the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii quickly became one of the most successful biocontrol agents in protected cultivation after its introduction into the market in 2005 and is now released in more than 50 countries. there are several key factors contributing to this success: (1) it can control several major pests including the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, the whiteflies bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum and the broad mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus, simultaneou ...201525524511
normal adult survival but reduced bemisia tabaci oviposition rate on tomato lines carrying an introgression from s. habrochaites.host plant resistance has been proposed as one of the most promising approaches in whitefly management. already in 1995 two quantitative trait loci (tv-1 and tv-2) originating from s. habrochaites cgn1.1561 were identified that reduced the oviposition rate of the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum). after this first study, several others identified qtls affecting whitefly biology as well. generally, the qtls affecting oviposition were highly correlated with a reduction in whitefly su ...201425539894
pathogenicity of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes against the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), in laboratory and greenhouse experiments.the greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) is a polyphagous pest in greenhouse crops. the efficacy of two entomopathogenic nematodes (epn), steinernema feltiae and heterorhabditis bacteriophora, as biological control agents against t. vaporariorum was evaluated using two model crops typical of vegetable greenhouse productions: cucumber and pepper. laboratory tests evaluated adults and second nymphal instars for pest susceptibility to different epn species at diffe ...201525861117
beyond predation: the zoophytophagous predator macrolophus pygmaeus induces tomato resistance against spider mites.many predatory insects that prey on herbivores also feed on the plant, but it is unknown whether plants affect the performance of herbivores by responding to this phytophagy with defence induction. we investigate whether the prior presence of the omnivorous predator macrolophus pygmaeus (rambur) on tomato plants affects plant resistance against two different herbivore species. besides plant-mediated effects of m. pygmaeus on herbivore performance, we examined whether a plant defence trait that i ...201525974207
apple scar skin viroid naked rna is actively transmitted by the whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum.nucleic acid transfer between plants is a phenomenon which is likely to occur in many ways in nature. we report here the active transmission of apple scar skin viroid (assvd) naked ssrna species by the whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (tv). not only the viroid rna, its dna form was also identified from the insect. the viroid transfer efficiency was enhanced with the help of cucumis sativus phloem protein 2 (cspp2), a plant protein known to translocate viroid rnas. this pp2/assvd complex is sta ...201526327493
nitrogen in hydroponic growing medium of tomato affects the demographic parameters of trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).we evaluated the effects of different nitrogen levels (380, 310, 240, and 174 ppm) on the life history parameters of trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) on hydroponically cultured tomato plants. our data show that there is a positive correlation between the nitrogen content and the demographic parameters, as the intrinsic rate of increase of t. vaporariorum was the lowest (0.059 ± 0.007 day(-1)) at 174 ppm and the highest (0.088 ± 0.005 day(-1)) at 380 ppm of nitrogen. ...201526385237
intraguild predation of geocoris punctipes on eretmocerus eremicus and its influence on the control of the whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum.geocoris punctipes (hemiptera: lygaeidae) and eretmocerus eremicus (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) are whitefly natural enemies. previously, under laboratory conditions, we showed that g. punctipes engages in intraguild predation (igp), the attack of one natural enemy by another, on e. eremicus. however, it is unknown whether this igp interaction takes place under more complex scenarios, such as semi-field conditions. even more importantly, the effect of this interaction on the density of the prey po ...201626435031
efficacy and dose response of soil-applied neem formulations in substrates with different amounts of organic matter, in the control of whiteflies, aleyrodes proletella and trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae).neem products have been used frequently as an alternative to synthetic pesticides, because of their insecticidal, insect antifeedant, and growth-regulating effects. moreover, new formulations are continually being developed and therefore, they have to be evaluated for their efficacy and persistence. in this regard, two soil-applied products-a liquid-based drenching solution neemazal-t and neemazal granules-were evaluated against two whitefly species, aleyrodes proletella l. and trialeurodes vapo ...201526470244
the suitability of biotypes q and b of bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) at different nymphal instars as hosts for encarsia formosa gahan (hymenoptera: aphelinidae).encarsia formosa gahan (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid that is commercially reared and released for augmentative biological control of whiteflies infesting greenhouse crops. in most areas in china, the invasive and destructive whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) biotype q has replaced b. tabaci biotype b and has become dominant between the two. a better understanding of the suitability of different nymphal instars of b. tabaci biotypes q and b as ...201627114862
insecticidal activity of protein extracts obtained from bulbs of chilean amaryllidaceae against trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood and pseudococcus viburni signoret.entomotoxic proteins are produced by plants in defence against insect herbivory. some carbohydrate-binding proteins exhibit strong insecticidal activity affecting the survival, growth, development and feeding behavior of phytophagous insects. the occurrence of entomotoxic lectins is well documented in the amaryllidaceae, a plant family spread world-wide. in chile, this family is represented by numerous species, many of which are also of high ornamental value. protein extracts were obtained from ...201527145586
colonization by phloem-feeding herbivore overrides effects of plant virus on amino acid composition in phloem of chili plants.the 'adaptive host manipulation' hypothesis predicts that parasites can enhance their transmission rates via manipulation of their host's phenotype. for example, many plant pathogens alter the nutritional quality of their host for herbivores that serve as their vectors. however, herbivores, including non-vectors, might cause additional alterations in the plant phenotype. here, we studied changes in the amino acid (aa) content in the phloem of chilli (capsicum annuum) plants infected with pepper ...201627558811
double cuticle barrier in two global pests, the whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum and the bedbug cimex lectularius.the integument protects the organism against penetration of xenobiotics and water that would potentially interfere with homeostasis. in insects that play key roles in a variety of agricultural and ecological habitats this inward barrier is barely investigated. in order to advance in this field, we studied integumental barrier (cuticle) permeability in the two global pests trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly) and cimex lectularius (bedbug) applying a simple dye-penetration assay. in ag ...201728167802
functional response of eretmocerus delhiensis on trialeurodes vaporariorum by parasitism and host feeding.the parasitoid wasp, eretmocerus delhiensis (hymenoptera, aphelinidae) is a thelytokous and syn-ovigenic parasitoid. to evaluate e. delhiensis as a biocontrol agent in greenhouse, the killing efficiency of this parasitoid by parasitism and host-feeding, were studied. killing efficiency can be compared by estimation of functional response parameters. laboratory experiments were performed in controllable conditions to evaluate the functional response of e. delhiensis at eight densities (2, 4, 8, 1 ...201728423420
insight into the success of whitefly biological control using parasitoids: evidence from the eretmocerus warrae-trialeurodes vaporariorum system.mechanisms behind the success and failure of whitefly biological control using parasitoids are largely unknown. here we use the eretmocerus warrae-greenhouse whitefly system to investigate how the fluctuating density of the parasitoid and its host affects three key parasitoid fitness parameters, host searching, host feeding and parasitization, providing critical knowledge for evaluation and development of whitefly biological control programmes. this is the first such study in a parasitoid-whitef ...201728493468
single-target and multiplex discrimination of whiteflies (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum with modified priming oligonucleotide thermodynamics.the whitefly species bemisia tabaci (gennadius) and trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) are worldwide agricultural pests and virus vectors. bemisia tabaci, in particular, is often transported internationally via trade routes leading to potential introductions of exotic whiteflies or plant viruses. quick identification of agriculturally important whiteflies can facilitate interventions that prevent these cross-border introductions. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers were designed to amplify ...201728498951
global phylogenetic relationships, population structure and gene flow estimation of trialeurodes vaporariorum (greenhouse whitefly).trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood, 1856) (greenhouse whitefly) is an agricultural pest of global importance. it is associated with damage to plants during feeding and subsequent virus transmission. yet, global phylogenetic relationships, population structure, and estimation of the rates of gene flow within this whitefly species remain largely unexplored. in this study, we obtained and filtered 227 genbank records of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (mtcoi) sequences of t. vaporariorum, acr ...201828532532
insecticide resistance in trialeurodes vaporariorum populations and novel diagnostics for kdr mutations.neonicotinoids, pyrethroids and ketoenols, are currently used for the control of trialeurodes vaporariorum (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). in this study, insecticide resistance status and mechanisms were investigated by classical bioassays and molecular techniques.201728734106
volatile-mediated attraction of greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum to tomato and eggplant.the behavior of the greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), is known to be affected by plant volatile cues, but its attraction or repellent to specific volatile cues has not been deeply studied yet. therefore, the aim of our study was to identify the most attractive plant among cultivars of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (solanum melongena) to evaluate the volatiles of plants to identify the chemical compound(s) that attract t. vaporariorum. ...201728775733
plant insects and mites uptake double-stranded rna upon its exogenous application on tomato leaves.exogenously applied double-stranded rna (dsrna) molecules onto tomato leaves, moved rapidly from local to systemic leaves and were uptaken by agricultural pests namely aphids, whiteflies and mites. four small interfering rnas, deriving from the applied dsrna, were molecularly detected in plants, aphids and mites but not in whiteflies. double-stranded rna (dsrna) acts as the elicitor molecule of the rna silencing (rna interference, rnai), the endogenous and evolutionary conserved surveillance sys ...201728924923
vector transmission alone fails to explain the potato yellow vein virus epidemic among potato crops in colombia.the potato yellow vein disease, caused by the potato yellow vein virus (pyvv), is a limiting potato disease in northern south america. the virus can be transmitted either by the greenhouse whitefly (gwf), trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae), or through vegetative propagules, such as infected tubers. recently, gwf populations have been spotlighted as one of the main drivers of pyvv re-emergence, and consequently, pyvv management has been predominantly directed toward vec ...201728993785
diversity and phylogenetic analyses of bacterial symbionts in three whitefly species from southeast europe.bemisia tabaci (gennadius), trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood), and siphoninus phillyreae (haliday) are whitefly species that harm agricultural crops in many regions of the world. these insects live in close association with bacterial symbionts that affect host fitness and adaptation to the environment. in the current study, we surveyed the infection of whitefly populations in southeast europe by various bacterial symbionts and performed phylogenetic analyses on the different symbionts detecte ...201729053633
baseline susceptibility of mediterranean strains of trialeurodes vaporariorum (westwood) to cyantraniliprole.cyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that acts on a broad-spectrum of insect pest, exclusively by activating their ryanodine receptors. cyantraniliprole is very effective against whitefly and it presents a favorable ecotoxicological profile. in this study, the baseline susceptibility to cyantraniliprole of trialeurodes vaporariorum populations from mediterranen area was stablished making nymphal systemic uptake bioassays.201829377447
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