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wild tomato leaf extracts for spider mite and cowpea aphid control.glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, l. hirsutum f. hirsutum mull, also known as solanum habrochaites (solanaceae), synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (mks). l. hirsutum accession la 407, having high concentration of mks, was grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. four mks (2-undecanone, 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 2-pentadecanone) were screened for their toxicity to spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch and cowpea aphids, aphis craccivora koch. the ...201424813988
solanum habrochaites, a potential source of resistance against bactericera cockerelli (hemiptera: triozidae) and "candidatus liberibacter solanacearum".the potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli sulc, also known as tomato psyllid, is a serious pest of solanaceous plants. its host selection criteria are poorly understood. in this study, we tested whether the solanum habrochaites (pi127826), a wild solanaceous plant known for its property to repel whiteflies, was repellent to potato psyllids. using a combination of nonchoice assays and choice assays on different psyllid stages, we demonstrated that s. habrochaites is both repelling and toxic to p ...201425026681
exploring genetic variation in the tomato (solanum section lycopersicon) clade by whole-genome sequencing.we explored genetic variation by sequencing a selection of 84 tomato accessions and related wild species representative of the lycopersicon, arcanum, eriopersicon and neolycopersicon groups, which has yielded a huge amount of precious data on sequence diversity in the tomato clade. three new reference genomes were reconstructed to support our comparative genome analyses. comparative sequence alignment revealed group-, species- and accession-specific polymorphisms, explaining characteristic fruit ...201425039268
structural basis for the recognition-evasion arms race between tomato mosaic virus and the resistance gene tm-1.the tomato mosaic virus (tomv) resistance gene tm-1 encodes a protein that shows no sequence homology to functionally characterized proteins. tm-1 binds tomv replication proteins and thereby inhibits replication complex formation. tomv mutants that overcome this resistance have amino acid substitutions in the helicase domain of the replication proteins (tomv-hel). a small region of tm-1 in the genome of the wild tomato solanum habrochaites has been under positive selection during its antagonisti ...201425092327
analysis of natural and induced variation in tomato glandular trichome flavonoids identifies a gene not present in the reference genome.flavonoids are ubiquitous plant aromatic specialized metabolites found in a variety of cell types and organs. methylated flavonoids are detected in secreting glandular trichomes of various solanum species, including the cultivated tomato (solanum lycopersicum). inspection of the sequenced s. lycopersicum heinz 1706 reference genome revealed a close homolog of solanum habrochaites momt1 3'/5' myricetin o-methyltransferase gene, but this gene (solyc06g083450) is missing the first exon, raising the ...201425128240
multiple qtl for horticultural traits and quantitative resistance to phytophthora infestans linked on solanum habrochaites chromosome 11.previously, a phytophthora infestans resistance qtl from solanum habrochaites chromosome 11 was introgressed into cultivated tomato (s. lycopersicum). fine mapping of this resistance qtl using near-isogenic lines (nils) revealed some co-located qtl with undesirable effects on plant size, canopy density, and fruit size traits. subsequently, higher-resolution mapping with sub-nils detected multiple p. infestans resistance qtl within this 9.4-cm region of chromosome 11. in our present study, these ...201425504736
identification of chilling stress-responsive tomato micrornas and their target genes by high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis.micrornas (mirnas) are a class of noncoding small rnas (srnas) that are 20-24 nucleotides (nt) in length. extensive studies have indicated that mirnas play versatile roles in plants, functioning in processes such as growth, development and stress responses. chilling is a common abiotic stress that seriously affects plants growth and development. recently, chilling-responsive mirnas have been detected in several plant species. however, little is known about the mirnas in the model plant tomato. ' ...201425519760
overexpression of shdhn, a dehydrin gene from solanum habrochaites enhances tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in tomato.dehydrins (dhns) play important roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stress. in this study, a cold-induced sk3-type dhn gene (shdhn) isolated from wild tomato species solanum habrochaites was characterized for its function in abiotic stress tolerance. shdhn was constitutively expressed in root, leaf, stem, flower and fruit. shdhn was continuously up-regulated during cold stress and showed higher expression level in the cold-tolerant s. habrochaites than in the susceptible s. lycopersicum. moreov ...201525576005
identification of qtls controlling resistance to pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato race 1 strains from the wild tomato, solanum habrochaites la1777.screening of wild tomato accessions revealed a source of resistance to pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato race 1 from solanum habrochaites and facilitated mapping of qtls controlling disease resistance. pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (pst) causes bacterial speck of tomato, which is one of the most persistent bacterial diseases in tomato worldwide. existing pst populations have overcome genetic resistance mediated by the tomato genes pto and prf. the objective of this study was to identify sources o ...201525634105
relative mass defect filtering of mass spectra: a path to discovery of plant specialized metabolites.the rapid identification of novel plant metabolites and assignments of newly discovered substances to natural product classes present the main bottlenecks to defining plant specialized phenotypes. although mass spectrometry provides powerful support for metabolite discovery by measuring molecular masses, ambiguities in elemental formulas often fail to reveal the biosynthetic origins of specialized metabolites detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. a promising approach for mining ...201525659383
functionally divergent alleles and duplicated loci encoding an acyltransferase contribute to acylsugar metabolite diversity in solanum trichomes.glandular trichomes from tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and other species in the solanaceae produce and secrete a mixture of o-acylsugars (aliphatic esters of sucrose and glucose) that contribute to insect defense. despite their phylogenetic distribution and diversity, relatively little is known about how these specialized metabolites are synthesized. mass spectrometric profiling of acylsugars in the s. lycopersicum x solanum pennellii introgression lines identified a chromosome 11 locus containi ...201525862303
high-resolution mapping of a major effect qtl from wild tomato solanum habrochaites that influences water relations under root chilling.qtl stm9 controlling rapid-onset water stress tolerance in s. habrochaites was high-resolution mapped to a chromosome 9 region that contains genes associated with abiotic stress tolerances. wild tomato (solanum habrochaites) exhibits tolerance to abiotic stresses, including drought and chilling. root chilling (6 °c) induces rapid-onset water stress by impeding water movement from roots to shoots. s. habrochaites responds to such changes by closing stomata and maintaining shoot turgor, while cult ...201526044122
a comparison of the low temperature transcriptomes of two tomato genotypes that differ in freezing tolerance: solanum lycopersicum and solanum habrochaites.solanum lycopersicum and solanum habrochaites are closely related plant species; however, their cold tolerance capacities are different. the wild species s. habrochaites is more cold tolerant than the cultivated species s. lycopersicum.201526048292
repellency and oviposition deterrence of wild tomato leaf extracts to spider mites, tetranychus urticae koch.glandular trichomes on the leaves of wild tomato, lycopersicon hirsutum f. hirsutum mull, also known as solanum habrochaites (solanaceae) synthesize and accumulate high levels of methyl ketones (mks). the potential of using mks as alternatives to synthetic acaricides for controlling the twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, is explored in this study. plants of l. hirsutum accession la 407 having high concentrations of mks were grown from seeds under greenhouse conditions. the main ob ...201526079341
dependence of negative-mode electrospray ionization response factors on mobile phase composition and molecular structure for newly-authenticated neutral acylsucrose metabolites.authentic standards of known concentrations serve as references for accurate absolute quantification of plant metabolites using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms). however, often such standards are not commercially available or not amenable for custom syntheses. despite the widespread use of electrospray ionization for metabolite analyses, the fundamentals needed for reliable prediction of molecular response factors have yet to be explored in detail for analytes that lack ionized fu ...201526331907
protein modeling and molecular dynamics simulation of slwrky4 protein cloned from drought tolerant tomato (solanum habrochaites) line ec520061.wrky genes are members of one of the largest families of plant transcription factors and play an important role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, and overall growth and development. understanding the interaction of wrky proteins with other proteins/ligands in plant cells is of utmost importance to develop plants having tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. the slwrky4 gene was cloned from a drought tolerant wild species of tomato (solanum habrochaites) and the secondary structure a ...201526369915
indirect selection of industrial tomato genotypes rich in zingiberene and resistant to tuta absoluta meyrick.obtaining tomato cultivars resistant to pests through interspecific crosses between commercial cultivars and wild accessions is an important tool in integrated pest management. the aim of this study was to select tomato genotypes with high zingiberene (zgb) levels that are resistant to the south american tomato moth (tuta absoluta meyrick) and to estimate genetic parameters of zgb inheritance from the interspecific cross solanum lycopersicum cultivar 'redenção' x solanum habrochaites var. hirsut ...201526634470
a tilling approach to generate broad-spectrum resistance to potyviruses in tomato is hampered by eif4e gene redundancy.genetic resistance to pathogens is important for sustainable maintenance of crop yields. recent biotechnologies offer alternative approaches to generate resistant plants by compensating for the lack of natural resistance. tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and related species offer a model in which natural and tilling-induced potyvirus resistance alleles may be compared. for resistance based on translation initiation factor eif4e1, we confirm that the natural allele sh-eif4e1(pi24)-pot1, isolated fro ...201626850324
gene expression analysis of solanum lycopersicum and solanum habrochaites under drought conditions.drought is one of the limiting environmental factors that affect crop production worldwide. understanding the molecular mechanism of drought stress is the key to developing drought tolerant crop. in this experiment we performed expression profiling of tomato plants under water deficit conditions using microarray technology. the data set we generated (available in the ncbi/geo database under gse22304) has been analyzed to identify genes that are involved in the regulation of tomato's responses to ...201627408808
autofluorescence as a signal to sort developing glandular trichomes by flow cytometry.the industrial relevance of a number of metabolites produced in plant glandular trichomes (gts) has spurred research on these specialized organs for a number of years. most of the research, however, has focused on the elucidation of secondary metabolite pathways and comparatively little has been undertaken on the development and differentiation of gts. one way to gain insight into these developmental processes is to generate stage-specific transcriptome and metabolome data. the difficulty for th ...201627446176
discovering regulated metabolite families in untargeted metabolomics studies.the identification of metabolites by mass spectrometry constitutes a major bottleneck which considerably limits the throughput of metabolomics studies in biomedical or plant research. here, we present a novel approach to analyze metabolomics data from untargeted, data-independent lc-ms/ms measurements. by integrated analysis of ms(1) abundances and ms/ms spectra, the identification of regulated metabolite families is achieved. this approach offers a global view on metabolic regulation in compara ...201627452369
mating system transitions in solanum habrochaites impact interactions between populations and species.in plants, transitions in mating system from outcrossing to self-fertilization are common; however, the impact of these transitions on interspecific and interpopulation reproductive barriers is not fully understood. we examined the consequences of mating system transition for reproductive barriers in 19 populations of the wild tomato species solanum habrochaites. we identified s. habrochaites populations with self-incompatible (si), self-compatible (sc) and mixed population (mp) mating systems, ...201727516156
overexpression of calmodulin-like (shcml44) stress-responsive gene from solanum habrochaites enhances tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.calmodulin-like (cml) proteins are important ca(2+) sensors, which play significant role in mediating plant stress tolerance. in the present study, cold responsive calmodulin-like (shcml44) gene was isolated from cold tolerant wild tomato (solanum habrochaites), and functionally characterized. the shcml44 was differentially expressed in all plant tissues including root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit, and was strongly up-regulated under cold, drought and salinity stresses along with plant growth h ...201627546315
an atl78-like ring-h2 finger protein confers abiotic stress tolerance through interacting with rav2 and csn5b in tomato.ring finger proteins play an important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses. in the present study, a wild tomato (solanum habrochaites) cold-induced ring-h2 finger gene, shatl78l, was isolated, which has been identified as an abiotic stress responsive gene in tomato. the results showed that shatl78l was constitutively expressed in various tissues such as root, leaf, petiole, stem, flower, and fruit. cold stress up-regulated shatl78l in the cold-tolerant s. habrochaites compared to the su ...201627621744
diverse responses of wild and cultivated tomato to baba, oligandrin and oidium neolycopersici infection.current strategies for increased crop protection of susceptible tomato plants against pathogen infections include treatment with synthetic chemicals, application of natural pathogen-derived compounds or transfer of resistance genes from wild tomato species within breeding programmes. in this study, a series of 45 genes potentially involved in defence mechanisms was retrieved from the genome sequence of inbred reference tomato cultivar solanum lycopersicum 'heinz 1706'. the aim of the study was t ...201727660055
mutations in two pollen self-incompatibility factors in geographically marginal populations of solanum habrochaites impact mating system transitions and reproductive isolation.self-incompatibility (si) is a mechanism that prevents inbreeding in many plant species. the mutational breakdown of si occurs frequently, yet relatively little is known about the evolutionary steps involved in the progressive loss of pistil and pollen si function.201627793860
ht proteins contribute to s-rnase-independent pollen rejection in solanum.plants have mechanisms to recognize and reject pollen from other species. although widespread, these mechanisms are less well understood than the self-incompatibility (si) mechanisms plants use to reject pollen from close relatives. previous studies have shown that some interspecific reproductive barriers (irbs) are related to si in the solanaceae. for example, the pistil si proteins s-rnase and ht protein function in a pistil-side irb that causes rejection of pollen from self-compatible (sc) re ...201727862494
in silico identification of snp diversity in cultivated and wild tomato species: insight from molecular simulations.single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps), an important source of genetic variations, are often used in crop improvement programme. the present study represented comprehensive in silico analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms in wild (solanum habrochaites) and cultivated (solanum lycopersicum) species of tomato to explore the consequence of substitutions both at sequence and structure level. a total of 8978 snps having ts/tv (transition/transversion) ratio 1.75 were identified from the expressed seque ...201627929054
identification, introgression, and validation of fruit volatile qtls from a red-fruited wild tomato species.volatile organic compounds (vocs) are major determinants of fruit flavor, a primary objective in tomato breeding. a recombinant inbred line (ril) population consisting of 169 lines derived from a cross between solanum lycopersicum and a red-fruited wild tomato species solanum pimpinellifolium accession (sp) was characterized for vocs in three different seasons. correlation and hierarchical cluster analyses were performed on the 52 vocs identified, providing a tool for the putative assignation of ...201628040800
differential transcriptional regulation in roots of tomato near-isogenic lines in response to rapid-onset water stress.cultivated tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) is susceptible to abiotic stresses, including drought and chilling stress, while its wild relative (solanum habrochaites) exhibits tolerance to many abiotic stresses. chilling roots to 6°c induces rapid-onset water stress by impeding water movement from roots to shoots. wild s. habrochaites responds to root chilling by closing stomata and maintaining shoot turgor, while cultivated tomato fails to close stomata and wilts. this phenotypic response (shoot ...201728270818
induced tolerance of neonate heliothis zea to host plant allelochemicals and carbaryl following incubation of eggs on foliage of lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum.incubation of heliothis zea (boddie) eggs on foliage of lycopersicon hirsutum f. glabratum c.h. mull (accession pi 134417) results in neonates with elevated levels of tolerance to the toxic effects of pi 134417 foliage attributable to 2-tridecanone found in the glandular trichomes which abound on that foliage. the neonates from such eggs are also shown to have elevated levels of tolerance to the carbamate insecticide carbaryl. incubation of eggs in an atmosphere containing 2-tridecanone similarl ...198728311983
multi-omics of tomato glandular trichomes reveals distinct features of central carbon metabolism supporting high productivity of specialized metabolites.glandular trichomes are metabolic cell factories with the capacity to produce large quantities of secondary metabolites. little is known about the connection between central carbon metabolism and metabolic productivity for secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes. to address this gap in our knowledge, we performed comparative metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and 13c-labeling of type vi glandular trichomes and leaves from a cultivated (solanum lycopersicum la4024) and a wild (solanu ...201728408661
transcriptomic analysis links gene expression to unilateral pollen-pistil reproductive barriers.unilateral incompatibility (ui) is an asymmetric reproductive barrier that unidirectionally prevents gene flow between species and/or populations. ui is characterized by a compatible interaction between partners in one direction, but in the reciprocal cross fertilization fails, generally due to pollen tube rejection by the pistil. although ui has long been observed in crosses between different species, the underlying molecular mechanisms are only beginning to be characterized. the wild tomato re ...201728438120
grafting response to excess boron and expression analysis of genes coding boron transporters in tomato.boron (b) is essential for plant growth, however its excess in soil and/or in irrigation water can severely compromise plant growth and yield. the goal of this work was to determine whether grafting onto 'arnold', a commercial interspecific hybrid (solanum lycopersicum × s. habrochaites) rootstock, which in a previous study was found to be tolerant to salt stress, could improve tomato (s. lycopersicum l. 'ikram') tolerance to excess b, and whether this effect is associated with an exclusion mech ...201728603945
pervasive antagonistic interactions among hybrid incompatibility loci.species barriers, expressed as hybrid inviability and sterility, are often due to epistatic interactions between divergent loci from two lineages. theoretical models indicate that the strength, direction, and complexity of these genetic interactions can strongly affect the expression of interspecific reproductive isolation and the rates at which new species evolve. nonetheless, empirical analyses have not quantified the frequency with which loci are involved in interactions affecting hybrid fitn ...201728604770
rootstock sub-optimal temperature tolerance determines transcriptomic responses after long-term root cooling in rootstocks and scions of grafted tomato plants.grafting of elite cultivars onto tolerant rootstocks is an advanced strategy to increase tomato tolerance to sub-optimal temperature. however, a detailed understanding of adaptive mechanisms to sub-optimal temperature in rootstocks and scions of grafting combinations on a physiological and molecular level is lacking. here, the commercial cultivar kommeet was grafted either onto 'moneymaker' (sensitive) or onto the line accession la 1777 of solanum habrochaites (tolerant). grafted plants were gro ...201728642763
current status of early blight resistance in tomato: an update.early blight (eb) is one of the dreadful diseases of tomato caused by several species of alternaria including alternaria linariae (which includes a. solani and a. tomatophila), as well as a. alternata. in some instances, annual economic yield losses due to eb have been estimated at 79%. alternaria are known only to reproduce asexually, but a highly-virulent isolate has the potential to overcome existing resistance genes. currently, cultural practices and fungicide applications are employed for t ...201728934121
green-fruited solanum habrochaites lacks fruit-specific carotenogenesis due to metabolic and structural blocks.members of the tomato clade exhibit a wide diversity in fruit color, but the mechanisms governing inter-species diversity of coloration are largely unknown. the carotenoid profiles, carotenogenic gene expression and proteome profiles of green-fruited solanum habrochaites (sh), orange-fruited s. galapagense, and red-fruited s. pimpinellifolium were compared with cultivated tomato [s. lycopersicum cv. ailsa craig (sl)] to decipher the molecular basis of coloration diversity. green-fruited sh, thou ...201729048567
rapid identification of candidate genes for resistance to tomato late blight disease using next-generation sequencing technologies.tomato late blight caused by phytophthora infestans (mont.) de bary, also known as the irish famine pathogen, is one of the most destructive plant diseases. wild relatives of tomato possess useful resistance genes against this disease, and could therefore be used in breeding to improve cultivated varieties. in the genome of a wild relative of tomato, solanum habrochaites accession la1777, we identified a new quantitative trait locus for resistance against blight caused by an aggressive egyptian ...201729253902
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